Exegetical and Hermeneutical Commentary of Proverbs 15:13

A merry heart maketh a cheerful countenance: but by sorrow of the heart the spirit is broken.

Some prefer to render the last clause, In sorrow of heart the breath is oppressed.

Fuente: Albert Barnes’ Notes on the Bible

Verse 13. By sorrow of the heart the spirit is broken.] Every kind of sorrow worketh death, but that which is the offspring of true repentance. This alone is healthful to the soul. The indulgence of a disposition to sighing tends to destroy life. Every deep sigh throws off a portion of the vital energy.

Fuente: Adam Clarke’s Commentary and Critical Notes on the Bible

The spirit; either,

1. His vital spirits. Or rather,

2. His courage and rigour, the decay whereof showeth itself in his countenance, as is implied from the former clause.

Fuente: English Annotations on the Holy Bible by Matthew Poole

13. maketh . . . countenanceor,”benefits the countenance.”

spirit is brokenand sothe countenance is sad.

Fuente: Jamieson, Fausset and Brown’s Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible

A merry heart maketh a cheerful countenance,…. Or, a “joyful heart” c; that is joyful in the God of its salvation; that rejoices in Christ Jesus; is filled with joy and peace through believing in him, in his person, blood, righteousness, and sacrifice; that has a comfortable view of his justification by his righteousness, of peace and pardon by his blood, of the atonement of his sins by his sacrifice; to whom he has said, “be of good cheer, thy sins are forgiven thee”, Mt 9:2; who has peace in him, though tribulation in the world: as such a man’s heart must be made glad, this will make his countenance cheerful, or cause him to lift up his head with joy; as it is in natural things, so it is in spiritual ones;

but by sorrow of the heart the spirit is broken; a man is dejected, his spirits sink, and it is seen in his countenance: there is a great sympathy between the body and mind, the one is much affected by the other; when the heart is full of sorrow, the animal spirits are low, the nerves are loosened, the whole frame, of nature is enfeebled, and the body emaciated; this is often the case through outward troubles d: physicians say e that grief weakens the strength, and destroys the spirits, more than labour does. “The sorrow of the world worketh death”, 2Co 7:10; and sometimes, through spiritual troubles, a sense of sin and guilt of it, a legal sorrow, which produces a legal contrition of spirit; and such “a wounded spirit who can bear?”

Pr 18:14. This is the effect of a mere work of the law upon the conscience; and stands opposed to the spiritual joy, and the effects of it, the Gospel brings.

c “cor gaudens”, V. L. Baynus. d “Frangit fortia corda dolor”, Tibullus, l. 3. Eleg. 2. v. 6. e Fernel. Method. Medendi, l. 7. c. 9. p. 54.

Fuente: John Gill’s Exposition of the Entire Bible

      13 A merry heart maketh a cheerful countenance: but by sorrow of the heart the spirit is broken.

      Here, 1. Harmless mirth is recommended to us, as that which contributes to the health of the body, making men lively and fit for business, and to the acceptableness of the conversation, making the face to shine and rendering us pleasant one to another. A cheerful spirit, under the government of wisdom and grace, is a great ornament to religion, puts a further lustre upon the beauty of holiness, and makes men the more capable of doing good. 2. Hurtful melancholy is what we are cautioned against, as a great enemy to us, both in our devotion and in our conversation: By sorrow of the heart, when it has got dominion and plays the tyrant, as it will be apt to do it if be indulged awhile, the spirit is broken and sunk, and becomes unfit for the service of God. The sorrow of the world works death. Let us therefore weep as though we wept not, in justice to ourselves, as well as in conformity to God and his providence.

Fuente: Matthew Henry’s Whole Bible Commentary

Inner Thoughts Outwardly Reflected

Verse 13 affirms that happy thoughts and purposes will be reflected in a cheerful countenance; but sad thoughts depress the spirit, Vs 15; Pro 12:25; Pro 17:22; Pro 18:14.

Fuente: Garner-Howes Baptist Commentary

CRITICAL NOTES.

Pro. 15:14. Mouth, or the countenance.

MAIN HOMILETICS OF Pro. 15:13

A CHEERFUL FACE AND A BROKEN SPIRIT

I. The outer man is to a large extent an index of the inner life. The joy of the heart is made visible upon the countenance. This is one of the infinitely kind and wise arrangements of God which minister so much to human happiness. We have but to consider the influence of a cheerful face to know how great a blessing it is that a merry heart maketh a cheerful countenance. How blank would be the aspect of the world, says Dr. Arnot, if no image of a mans thought could ever be seen glancing through his countenance! Our walk through life would be like a solitary walk through a gallery of statuesas cold as marble, and not nearly so beautiful.

II. The effect of sorrow upon the human spirit. It breaks it. When a vessels timbers are shivered by the fury of the storm she may not go to pieces altogether. But she is no longer able to hold her own against the elements, which she could once use as forces to convey her from land to land. If she were now to put to sea, instead of riding over the waves and making them her servants, she would be a passive thing in their hands, a mere helpless bundle of timbers to be tossed whithersoever they pleased, instead of walking the waters like a thing of life. So it is with the human spirit when the cross seas and angry winds of adverse circumstances have quenched the hope and paralysed the energy that once governed and inspired the man. He is no longer able to face the storms of life, and outride them, or even make them advance his interests. He is passive amid the changes and chances of mortal life, and they drift him on wheresoever they will. But this can never be the case unless a man has lost faith in the character of God and his own high and immortal destiny. Then, indeed, the elements which he was built to rule will rule him, and he will fail to fulfil the end for which God launched him on the sea of life.

OUTLINES AND SUGGESTIVE COMMENTS

I have always preferred cheerfulness to mirth. The latter I consider as an act, the former as a habit, of the mind.Addison.

The sorrow of heart here spoken of, we may consider as that which arises from an evil conscience, from envy, discontent, and other similar sources.Wardlaw.

A merry or glad heart is one of the attributes of piety. It (literally) does good to the countenance, improves it, as we say in our idiom, Come with us, and we will do thee good (Num. 10:29).Miller.

This word merriment is of frequent use among our old writers. It is Foxes favourite description of the holy joy of the martyrs.Bridges.

It sits smiling in the face, and looks merrily out of the windows of the eyes. But this is not till faith has healed the conscience, and till grace has hushed the affections, and composed all within. Stephen looked like an angel when he stood before the council (Act. 6:15); and the apostles went away rejoicing (Act. 5:41). There are that rejoice in the face only, and not in the heart (2Co. 5:12); this is but the hypocrisy of mirth, and we may be sure that many a mans heart bleeds within him when his face counterfeits a smile. It is for an Abraham only to laugh for joy of the promise, and for a David to rejoice at the word as one that findeth great spoil (Psa. 119:162), wherein the pleasure is usually as much as the profit. Christs chariot, wherein he carries people up and down in the world, and brings them at length to Himself, is paved with love (Son. 3:9-10); He brings them also into His wine cellar (Son. 2:4), where He cheers up their hearts, and clears up their countenances, and this is Heaven beforehand. These are some few clusters of the grapes of the celestial Canaan. But as the looks are marred, so the spirits are dulled and disabled by sorrow, as a limb out of joint can do nothing without deformity or pain. Dejection takes off the wheels of the soul, hinders comfortable intercourse with God, and that habitual cheerfulness, that Sabbath of the spirit, that every man should strive to enjoy. Afflictions, saith one, are the wind of the soul, passions the storm. The soul is well carried when neither so becalmed that it moves not when it should, nor yet tossed with tempests of wrath, grief, fear, etc., to move disorderly. Of these we must be careful to crush the very first insurrections; storms rise out of little gusts, but the top of those mountains above the middle region are so quiet that ashes, lightest things, are not moved out of place.Trapp.

Mirth and cheerfulness make a man not only fitter for the occasions of this world, but even for spiritual affairs also. Wherefore Elisha calleth for a minstrel that, being angry with the king of Israel, by the melody of the music a more soft and sweet disposition might possess him. Joy, saith Aquinas, is, as it were, a juice spreading itself over the whole man, dispersing the comfort of itself to all the faculties of the soul, and all parts of the body. But, now, what is it that maketh a merry heart? Surely not the things of this world. They only do besot the heart with a dream of mirth, they do only make the heart drunken with some flushings of joy. A merry heart indeed is that which the assurance of Gods favour rejoiceth, and that will make the countenance cheerful in any trouble, even in death itself. It is true also that by sorrow of heart the spirit is broken, the heart and the spirit being but one string of life. But what is it by which the heart should be made sorrowful? Surely not the things of this life, seeing the life of the heart is so far above them. For it is a shameful folly to hurt a better thing for that which is farworse. No; nothing should make the heart sorrowful but repentance for sin, and as that casteth down the spirit, so will it raise it up again. Wherefore Augustine saith, Let the penitent always be grieved, and let him rejoice for his grief. Nothing should make the heart sad but the fear of Gods displeasure, and if that break the spirit, it will heal it again with endless consolation.Jermin.

The principal thought of Pro. 15:14 is a repetition in a slightly varied form of a truth that has been considered before. (See on chap. Pro. 12:1, Pro. 13:18, etc.)

OUTLINES AND SUGGESTIVE COMMENTS

They are the wisest men that are most sensible of the imperfection of their wisdom.Lawson.

The mouth of fools feed, etc., literally, pastures, like a brute. A thing fed takes the texture of its nourishment. The mouth or face (see Critical Notes) of the fool grows more and more inane and brutal.Miller.

As a hungry man seeks meat, or a covetous man gold, the more he hath the more he desires. Moses was no sooner off the mount where he had seen God face to face, but he cries, Lord, show me Thy glory! David, that knew more than his teachers, cries ever and anon, Teach me Thy statutes. Job prefers knowledge before his necessary food (chap. Pro. 23:12). The wise man finds no such sweetness in the most delicate and dainty dishes, as in the search after Divine knowledge (Psa. 119:103). Even Aristotle saith that a little knowledge, though conjectural, about heavenly things is to be preferred above knowledge, though certain, about earthly things. And Agur saith it is to ascend into heaven (Pro. 30:4).Trapp.

First, because the one sort is after the spirit, and therefore they favour the things of the spirit; and the other sort is after the flesh, and therefore they favour the things of the flesh. Secondly, because the one sort is guided by judgment, and choose that which will comfort their consciences; and the other is altogether led by lust, and seek only that which will satisfy their senses. Thirdly, faith makes the one sort to cast an eye to that which will follow hereafter; and sensuality causeth the other (like brute beasts, made to be destroyed) only to look to that which is present.Dod.

Knowledge is necessary for us, not only to manage the affairs of this life, but also to perform the service of our Maker. Conscience may dictate to us that things are right or wrong, but conscience may be mistaken in her decisions, unless she call in reason to her assistance, for a clear knowledge of the revealed will of God cannot be understood without application of mind. The desire of knowledge is in some sense natural to us all and is manifested very soon. We see how early curiosity exerts itself in lively children. But this natural desire may be misused.

1. It may be too little. Some persons do not desire knowledge so much as they ought, especially they are negligent in acquiring religious knowledge. This negligence may proceed from too warm a pursuit of other things. But what will this world avail us, if we are excluded from an inheritance in the next? It may proceed from mere sloth. But the unprofitable servant, who suffers his talents to lie useless, is to be cast into outer darkness.

2. It may be too much. Some things there are which we ought not to know, and a vain curiosity after them is an abuse of our natural desire of knowledge. This curiosity brought on the fall of our first parents, and still reigns among their posterity. Sin should only be known, as the rocks at sea, that they may be avoided. It becomes us also to be contented with such a knowledge of the Divine nature, and the Divine administration, as we are capable of acquiring, and of future events so far as God hath seen fit to reveal them.Jortin.

The mouth of foolsthe mouth of their souls and understandingsfeedeth upon anything; even foolishness itself is good food unto them. Their distempered palate judgeth not the worth of things. They have a mouth to receive knowledge, but they have not a heart to consider and discern what they do receive. None is so ill a feeder as fools. Such fools are they in the prophet Isaiah who say, Prophecy not unto us, right things speak unto us, as the original word is, bland things, pleasing things; but the word signifieth in the first place scattered things, such as coming from a shattered brain have no order and aim at no material point. Or else scattered things which may strike at none, which may hurt none, do no good to any. And, indeed, too many such there are. The world is full of speakers and talkers, that speak things they know not, and teach things they have not learned.Jermin.

The Queen of Sheba, coming from the utmost parts of the earth; Nicodemus and Mary sitting at the feet of Jesus; the Eunuch, journeying to Jerusalem; Cornelius and his company drinking in the precious message of salvation; the Bereans, carefully searching the Scriptures, all these show the understanding heart seeking a larger interest in the blessing.Bridges.

That in seeking knowledge the idea of feasting on it is included, is evident from the terms of the antithesis. It is a feast of knowledge above all, of divine knowledge. He who has understanding,who is enlightened of God, and discerns the excellency and glory of divine truthseeketh such knowledge. From experience of the joy already imparted by it, he seeks more and still morethe appetite growing by gratification, delighted with every new discovery, yet never tiring of the old (1Pe. 2:1-3). But the mouth of fools feedeth on foolishness. That is what they like; that is therefore what they seek, and from which they have their own poor and pitiful enjoyment. In regard to religion itself they are taken with, everthing that serves the present purpose of keeping all quiet within; that lets conscience alone; that dispenses with serious thought, and, preventing inward disturbance, allows them to go on easily and comfortably. They have a relish for all doctrines of this unannoying descriptionthat prick not their hearts; that embitter not present sweets by any forebodings of the future; that prophecy smooth things, and cause the Holy One of Israel to cease from before themthe scarer of their thoughtless mirth and sinful gratification. They have an appetite for every thing of that kind.Wardlaw.

Fuente: The Preacher’s Complete Homiletical Commentary Edited by Joseph S. Exell

(13) By sorrow of heart the spirit is broken.See above on Pro. 12:25.

Fuente: Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers (Old and New Testaments)

13. A merry (or joyful) heart maketh a cheerful countenance Literally, does good to the face; makes it comely.

Spirit is broken Or, dejected. Grief, also, will show itself in a corresponding expression. Emotions of joy and sorrow show themselves in the external appearance.

Comp. Pro 19:22. “The breath is oppressed.” Speaker’s Commentary.

Fuente: Whedon’s Commentary on the Old and New Testaments