{"id":11690,"date":"2022-09-24T04:09:52","date_gmt":"2022-09-24T09:09:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/bible-commentary\/exegetical-and-hermeneutical-commentary-of-2-chronicles-241\/"},"modified":"2022-09-24T04:09:52","modified_gmt":"2022-09-24T09:09:52","slug":"exegetical-and-hermeneutical-commentary-of-2-chronicles-241","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/bible-commentary\/exegetical-and-hermeneutical-commentary-of-2-chronicles-241\/","title":{"rendered":"Exegetical and Hermeneutical Commentary of 2 Chronicles 24:1"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3 align='center'><b><i> Joash [was] seven years old when he began to reign, and he reigned forty years in Jerusalem. His mother&#8217;s name also [was] Zibiah of Beer-sheba. <\/i><\/b><\/h3>\n<p> Ch. <span class='bible'>2Ch 24:1-3<\/span> (= <span class='bible'>2Ki 11:21<\/span> to <span class='bible'>2Ki 12:3<\/span>). Joash begins to Reign<\/p>\n<p><strong> 3<\/strong>. <em> And Jehoiada<\/em>, etc.] This ver. is not in Kings. It was the duty of a Jewish father to provide his son with a wife; Jehoiada standing <em> in loco parentis<\/em> does this for Joash.<\/p>\n<h4 align='right'><i><b>Fuente: The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n<p><P STYLE=\"text-indent: 0.75em\">This chapter is parallel with <span class='bible'>2 Kings 12<\/span>, but treats the matters common to both narratives in a different and, apparently, supplemental way.<\/P> <\/p>\n<h4 align='right'><i><b>Fuente: Albert Barnes&#8217; Notes on the Bible<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n<p><P STYLE=\"margin-left: 0.9em\"> CHAPTER XXIV <\/P> <P STYLE=\"margin-left: 0.9em\">  <I>Joash begins to reign when seven years old, and reigns well<\/I><\/P> <P STYLE=\"margin-left: 0.9em\">   <I>all the days of Jehoiada the priest<\/I>, 1-3.<\/P> <P STYLE=\"margin-left: 0.9em\">  <I>He purposes to repair the temple of God; and makes a<\/I><\/P> <P STYLE=\"margin-left: 0.9em\">   <I>proclamation that the people should bring in the money<\/I><\/P> <P STYLE=\"margin-left: 0.9em\">   <I>prescribed by Moses<\/I>, 4-9.<\/P> <P STYLE=\"margin-left: 0.9em\">  <I>They all contribute liberally; and the different artificers<\/I><\/P> <P STYLE=\"margin-left: 0.9em\">   <I>soon perfect the work<\/I>, 10-13.<\/P> <P STYLE=\"margin-left: 0.9em\">  <I>The rest of the money is employed to form utensils for the<\/I><\/P> <P STYLE=\"margin-left: 0.9em\">   <I>temple<\/I>, 14.<\/P> <P STYLE=\"margin-left: 0.9em\">  <I>Jehoiada dies<\/I>, 15, 16.<\/P> <P STYLE=\"margin-left: 0.9em\">  <I>And the people after his death become idolaters<\/I>, 17, 18.<\/P> <P STYLE=\"margin-left: 0.9em\">  <I>Prophets are sent unto them<\/I>, 19.<\/P> <P STYLE=\"margin-left: 0.9em\">  <I>And among the rest Zechariah the son of Jehoiada, who testifies<\/I><\/P> <P STYLE=\"margin-left: 0.9em\">   <I>against them; and they stone him to death<\/I>, 20-22.<\/P> <P STYLE=\"margin-left: 0.9em\">  <I>The Syrians come against Jerusalem, and spoil it<\/I>, 23, 24.<\/P> <P STYLE=\"margin-left: 0.9em\">  <I>Joash is murdered by his own servants<\/I>, 25, 26.<\/P> <P STYLE=\"margin-left: 0.9em\">  <I>His acts<\/I>, 27. <\/P> <P>                     NOTES ON CHAP. XXIV<\/P> <P> <\/P> <P> Verse <span class='bible'>1<\/span>. <I><B>Joash was seven years old<\/B><\/I>] As he was hidden <I>six<\/I> years in the temple, and was but <I>seven<\/I> when he came to the throne, he could have been but <I>one year<\/I> old when he was secreted by his aunt; see on <span class='bible'>2Ch 22:10<\/span>.<\/P> <\/p>\n<h4 align='right'><i><b>Fuente: Adam Clarke&#8217;s Commentary and Critical Notes on the Bible<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n<p><P> A great part of this chapter is explained on <span class='bible'>2Ki 12<\/span>. <\/P> <\/p>\n<h4 align='right'><i><b>Fuente: English Annotations on the Holy Bible by Matthew Poole<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n<p><P><B>1-3. Joash . . . began to reign<\/B>(Seeon <span class='bible'>2Ki 12:1-3<\/span>).<\/P><\/p>\n<h4 align='right'><i><b>Fuente: Jamieson, Fausset and Brown&#8217;s Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible <\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n<p>Ver. 1,2. <strong>Joash was seven years old when he began to reign<\/strong>,&#8230;. This, and the following verse, are the same with <span class='bible'>2Ki 11:21<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p> <span class='bible'>[See comments on 2Ki 12:1]<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p> <span class='bible'>[See comments on 2Ki 12:2]<\/span>.<\/p>\n<h4 align='right'><i><b>Fuente: John Gill&#8217;s Exposition of the Entire Bible<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n<p><em> The reign of Joash;<\/em> cf. 2 Kings 12. &#8211; In both accounts only two main events in Joash&#8217;s reign of forty years are narrated at any length, &#8211; the repair of the temple, and the campaign of the Syrian king Hazael against Jerusalem. Besides this, at the beginning, we have a statement as to the duration and spirit of his reign; and in conclusion, the murder of Joash in consequence of a conspiracy is mentioned. Both accounts agree in all essential points, but are shown to be extracts containing the most important part of a more complete history of Joash, by the fact that, on the one hand, in 2 Kings 12 single circumstances are communicated in a more detailed and more exact form than that in which the Chronicle states them; while, on the other hand, the account of the Chronicle supplements the account in 2 Kings 12 in many respects. To these latter belong the account of the marriage of Joash, and his many children, the account of the death of Jehoiada at the age of 130 years, and his honourable burial with the kings, etc.; see on <span class='bible'>2Ch 24:15<\/span>.<\/p>\n<h4 align='right'><i><b>Fuente: Keil &amp; Delitzsch Commentary on the Old Testament<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n<p><TABLE BORDER=\"0\" CELLPADDING=\"1\" CELLSPACING=\"0\"> <TR> <TD> <P ALIGN=\"LEFT\" STYLE=\"background: transparent;border: none;padding: 0in;font-weight: normal;text-decoration: none\"> <span style='font-size:1.25em;line-height:1em'><I><SPAN STYLE=\"background: transparent\"><SPAN STYLE=\"text-decoration: none\">The Temple Repaired.<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/I><\/span><\/P> <\/TD> <TD> <P ALIGN=\"RIGHT\" STYLE=\"background: transparent;border: none;padding: 0in\"> <SPAN STYLE=\"text-decoration: none\"><SPAN STYLE=\"font-style: normal\"><SPAN STYLE=\"font-weight: normal\"><SPAN STYLE=\"background: transparent\"><SPAN STYLE=\"text-decoration: none\">B. C.<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><SPAN STYLE=\"text-decoration: none\"><SPAN STYLE=\"font-style: normal\"><SPAN STYLE=\"font-weight: normal\"><SPAN STYLE=\"background: transparent\"><SPAN STYLE=\"text-decoration: none\"> 855.<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD> <\/TR>  <\/TABLE> <P>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1 Joash <I>was<\/I> seven years old when he began to reign, and he reigned forty years in Jerusalem. His mother&#8217;s name also <I>was<\/I> Zibiah of Beer-sheba. &nbsp; 2 And Joash did <I>that which was<\/I> right in the sight of the <B>LORD<\/B> all the days of Jehoiada the priest. &nbsp; 3 And Jehoiada took for him two wives; and he begat sons and daughters. &nbsp; 4 And it came to pass after this, <I>that<\/I> Joash was minded to repair the house of the <B>LORD<\/B>. &nbsp; 5 And he gathered together the priests and the Levites, and said to them, Go out unto the cities of Judah, and gather of all Israel money to repair the house of your God from year to year, and see that ye hasten the matter. Howbeit the Levites hastened <I>it<\/I> not. &nbsp; 6 And the king called for Jehoiada the chief, and said unto him, Why hast thou not required of the Levites to bring in out of Judah and out of Jerusalem the collection, <I>according to the commandment<\/I> of Moses the servant of the <B>LORD<\/B>, and of the congregation of Israel, for the tabernacle of witness? &nbsp; 7 For the sons of Athaliah, that wicked woman, had broken up the house of God; and also all the dedicated things of the house of the <B>LORD<\/B> did they bestow upon Baalim. &nbsp; 8 And at the king&#8217;s commandment they made a chest, and set it without at the gate of the house of the <B>LORD<\/B>. &nbsp; 9 And they made a proclamation through Judah and Jerusalem, to bring in to the <B>LORD<\/B> the collection <I>that<\/I> Moses the servant of God <I>laid<\/I> upon Israel in the wilderness. &nbsp; 10 And all the princes and all the people rejoiced, and brought in, and cast into the chest, until they had made an end. &nbsp; 11 Now it came to pass, that at what time the chest was brought unto the king&#8217;s office by the hand of the Levites, and when they saw that <I>there was<\/I> much money, the king&#8217;s scribe and the high priest&#8217;s officer came and emptied the chest, and took it, and carried it to his place again. Thus they did day by day, and gathered money in abundance. &nbsp; 12 And the king and Jehoiada gave it to such as did the work of the service of the house of the <B>LORD<\/B>, and hired masons and carpenters to repair the house of the <B>LORD<\/B>, and also such as wrought iron and brass to mend the house of the <B>LORD<\/B>. &nbsp; 13 So the workmen wrought, and the work was perfected by them, and they set the house of God in his state, and strengthened it. &nbsp; 14 And when they had finished <I>it,<\/I> they brought the rest of the money before the king and Jehoiada, whereof were made vessels for the house of the <B>LORD<\/B>, <I>even<\/I> vessels to minister, and to offer <I>withal,<\/I> and spoons, and vessels of gold and silver. And they offered burnt offerings in the house of the <B>LORD<\/B> continually all the days of Jehoiada.<\/P> <P> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; This account of Joash&#8217;s good beginnings we had as it stands here <span class='bible'>2 Kings xii. 1<\/span>, c., though the latter part of this chapter, concerning his apostasy, we had little of there. What is good in men we should take all occasions to speak of and often repeat it what is evil we should make mention of but sparingly, and no more than is needful. We shall here only observe, 1. That it is a happy thing for young people, when they are setting out in the world, to be under the direction of those that are wise and good and faithful to them, as Joash was under the influence of Jehoiada, during whose time he <I>did that which was right.<\/I> Let those that are young reckon it a blessing to them, and not a burden and check upon them, to have those with them that will caution them against that which is evil and advise and quicken them to that which is good; and let them reckon it not a mark of weakness and subjection, but of wisdom and discretion, to hearken to such. He that will not be counselled cannot be helped. It is especially prudent for young people to take advice in their marriages, as Joash did, who left it to his guardian to choose him his wives, because Jezebel and Athaliah had been such plagues, <span class='bible'><I>v.<\/I><\/span><span class='bible'> 3<\/span>. This is a turn of life which often proves either the making or marring of young people, and therefore should be attended to with great care. 2. Men may go far in the external performances of religion, and keep long to them, merely by the power of their education and the influence of their friends, who yet have no hearty affection for divine things nor any inward relish of them. Foreign inducements may push men on to that which is good who are not actuated by a living principle of grace in their hearts. 3. In the outward expressions of devotion it is possible that those who have only the form of godliness may out-strip those who have the power of it. Joash is more solicitous and more zealous about the repair of the temple than Jehoiada himself, whom he reproves for his remissness in that matter, <span class='bible'><I>v.<\/I><\/span><span class='bible'> 6<\/span>. It is easier to build temples than to be temples to God. 4. The repairing of churches is a good work, which all in their places should promote, for the decency and conveniency of religious assemblies. The learned tell us that in the Christian church, anciently, part of the tithes were applied that way. 5. Many a good work would be done that now lies undone if there were but a few active men to stir in it and to put it forward. When Joash found the money did not come in as he expected in one way he tried another way, and that answered the intention. Many have honesty enough to follow that have not zeal enough to lead in that which is good. The throwing of money into a chest, through a hole in the lid of it, was a way that had not been used before, and perhaps the very novelty of the thing made it a successful expedient for the raising of money; a great deal was thrown in and with a great deal of cheerfulness: they all rejoiced, <span class='bible'><I>v.<\/I><\/span><span class='bible'> 10<\/span>. An invention to please people&#8217;s humour may sometimes bring them to their duty. Wisdom herein is profitable to direct. 6. Faithfulness is the greatest praise and will be the greatest comfort of those that are entrusted with public treasure or employed in public business. The king and Jehoiada faithfully paid the money to the workmen, who faithfully did the work, <span class='bible'>2Ch 24:12<\/span>; <span class='bible'>2Ch 24:13<\/span>.<\/P> <\/p>\n<h4 align='right'><i><b>Fuente: Matthew Henry&#8217;s Whole Bible Commentary<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n<p>See note on <span class='bible'>2Ki 12:1<\/span><\/p>\n<h4 align='right'><i><b>Fuente: Garner-Howes Baptist Commentary<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n<p> <strong>THE SECOND BOOK OF CHRONICLES<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>IN discussing the First Book of Chronicles we called attention to the fact that according to Usshers chronology, the two Books, not reckoning the table of genealogy, covered a space of 468 years of history; the First Book only 41 of these, and this second, 427. As to the authorship of these Books, Ezra is commonly accepted.<\/p>\n<p>The analysis of any book is largely the presentation of a personal view. One man divides this Second Book of Chronicles into two portions: The Reign of Solomon, chapters 1 to 9, and The Kings of Judah, chapters 10 to 36.<\/p>\n<p>Scofield in his reference Bible, says of this Book: It falls into eighteen divisions, by reigns, from Solomon to the captivities; records the division of the kingdom of David under Jeroboam and Rehoboam, and is marked by an ever growing apostasy, broken temporarily by reformations under Asa, Jehoshaphat, Joash, Hezekiah, and Josiah.<\/p>\n<p>It is our purpose to follow neither of these divisions, however natural they may be, but to discuss the volume under three heads: Solomon and the Temple; Rehoboam and the Division, and the History of Judah.<\/p>\n<p><span><\/span><strong>SOLOMON AND THE TEMPLE<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The Book opens with a declaration concerning the new king, <em>And Solomon the son of David was strengthened in his kingdom, and the Lord his God was with him, and magnified him exceedingly (<span class='bible'><em>2Ch 1:1<\/em><\/span><\/em><em>).<\/em><\/p>\n<p>The history that follows gives occasion to say several things concerning this marvelous man of immortal reputation:<\/p>\n<p>First, <strong>Solomons kingship enjoyed an auspicious beginning. <\/strong>The man who ascends the throne under the favor of the Lord necessarily begins a reign of promise. If, as in Solomons case, he sensibly recognizes his responsibility and seeks wisdom from the only sufficient source, he adds greater certainty to his success. When, in addition to this, his objectives are high and God-honoring, the glory of his kingdom advances accordingly. Certainly, Solomons preparation to build the temple was not only a noble objective, but one in line with his kingly fathers purpose and prayers, and the great Heavenly Fathers will for him.<\/p>\n<p>The interesting history here of gathering materials and appointing men for this marvelous construction is made more interesting still by the kings personal supervision and spiritual interest. It takes some courage to conduct war, and we believe it takes almost more courage and even a clearer sense of God, to build sanctuaries, make their appointments according to the Divine pleasure, and call the people to worship within the spacious rooms of the same. Yet, when you have read but five chapters of this Book, you find such a work complete, and are not in the least amazed or even surprised to read, <em>The glory of the Lord had filled the house of God (<span class='bible'><em>2Ch 5:14<\/em><\/span><\/em><em>).<\/em><\/p>\n<p>It is doubtful whether any company of men have done more for the establishment of spirituality in the earth and for the strengthening of the souls of their fellows, than have those who brought sanctuaries into existence and led congregations of people to a genuine worship of the most high God.<\/p>\n<p><strong>The on-going of this Book reveals Solomons conscious dependence. <\/strong>When the altar was erected he stood by it with outstretched hands <em>(<span class='bible'>2Ch 6:12<\/span><\/em><em>).<\/em> That is the attitude of prayer and possibly of adoration. When his lips parted to speak, he says,<\/p>\n<p style='margin-left:4.35em'><em>O Lord God of Israel, there is no God tike Thee in the heaven, nor in the earth; which keepest covenant, and shewest mercy unto Thy servants that walk before Thee with all their hearts:<\/em><\/p>\n<p style='margin-left:4.35em'>Thou which hast kept with Thy servant David my father that which Thou hast promised him; and spakest with Thy mouth, and hast fulfilled it with Thine hand, as it is this day.<\/p>\n<p style='margin-left:4.35em'>Now therefore, O Lord God of Israel, keep with Thy servant David my father that which Thou hast promised him, saying, There shall not fail thee a man in My sight to sit upon the throne of Israel; yet so that thy children take heed to their way to walk in My Law, as Thou hast walked before Me (<span class='bible'><em>2Ch 6:14-16<\/em><\/span><em>).<\/em><\/p>\n<p style='margin-left:4.35em'>Now then, O Lord God of Israel, let Thy Word be verified, which Thou hast spoken unto Thy servant David (<span class='bible'><em>2Ch 6:17<\/em><\/span><em>).<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Then follows an appeal that Gods eyes should be open upon their house day and night; that His ears should hearken to the prayers made in that place, and if sin were committed, that forgiveness should be granted, and if the people fail before the face of the enemy because of sin that they also should be pardoned; that if heaven be shut up on the same ground, upon repentance the dearth should end.<\/p>\n<p>Then he concludes in a more personal petition to Him:<\/p>\n<p style='margin-left:4.35em'><em>Then what prayer or what supplication soever shall be made of any man, or of all Thy people Israel, when every one shall know his own sore and his own grief, and shall spread forth his hands in this house:<\/em><\/p>\n<p style='margin-left:4.35em'>Then hear Thou from Heaven Thy dwelling place, and forgive (<span class='bible'><em>2Ch 6:29-30<\/em><\/span><em>).<\/em><\/p>\n<p>These are only samples of the long petition that followed the dedicatory sermon. They wind up with a sentence like this: <em>O Lord God, turn not away the face of Thine anointed: remember the mercies of David Thy servant (<span class='bible'><em>2Ch 6:42<\/em><\/span><\/em><em>).<\/em> It is a model prayer; it is the petition of a sincere soul; it is the cry of one who knows that the mercy and love of God are the only grounds of hope.<\/p>\n<p>The further text records <strong>Solomons fame and death. <\/strong>That fame was based upon Solomons wisdom, accentuated doubtless by the magnificence of the temple, but made more honorable still in the extent of his organization, the luxury of his court and the wealth of his treasury.<\/p>\n<p>Evidently, among the rulers of the earth, the queen of Sheba held conspicuous place, and when the fame of Solomon reached her, she came to prove him with her questions, and impress him with her own riches and glory. The difficult questions were satisfactorily answered, the temple was adequately shown, the table of the king groaned with its good meats, the apparel of the servants was profoundly impressive, and the queen said to the king,<\/p>\n<p style='margin-left:4.35em'><em>It was a true report which I heard in mine own land of thine acts, and of thy wisdom:<\/em><\/p>\n<p style='margin-left:4.35em'>Howbeit I believed not their words, until I came, and mine eyes had seen it: and, behold, the one half of the greatness of thy wisdom was not told me: for thou exceedest the fame that I heard.<\/p>\n<p style='margin-left:4.35em'>Happy are thy men, and happy are these thy servants, winch stand continually before thee, and hear thy wisdom.<\/p>\n<p style='margin-left:4.35em'>Blessed be the Lord thy God, which delighted in thee to set thee on his throne, to be king for the Lord thy God (<span class='bible'><em>2Ch 9:5-8<\/em><\/span><em>).<\/em><\/p>\n<p>The compliment to the king is followed with a statement of Solomons annual income, the magnificence of his throne, the rich appointments of the palace, the extensive commercial importance of his kingdom, and the willing tributes of the earths lesser lords.<\/p>\n<p>Then, as if the task of telling all was too great, we have this record,<\/p>\n<p style='margin-left:4.35em'><em>Now the rest of the acts of Solomon, first and last, are they not written in the book of Nathan the Prophet, and in the prophecy of Ahijah the Shilonite, and in the visions of Iddo the seer against Jeroboam the son of Nebat?<\/em><\/p>\n<p style='margin-left:4.35em'>And Solomon reigned in Jerusalem over all Israel forty years.<\/p>\n<p style='margin-left:4.35em'>And Solomon slept with his fathers, and he was buried in the city of David his father: and Rehoboam his son reigned in his stead (<span class='bible'><em>2Ch 9:29-31<\/em><\/span><em>).<\/em><\/p>\n<p>It is a surprising end, and yet strangely true to human history. How many men spend all their days in preparing to live, and when the preparation seems almost complete, proceed to die? The last enemy is no respecter of persons. His bow is drawn against the great as well as the humble, the rich as well as the poor, the wise as well as the ignorant. Death respects neither thrones nor kings; he holds the key to the palace room, and even to the throne room. Kings may command their humbler fellows, and even counsel their equals; but where death calls, they also obey.<\/p>\n<p><strong>REHOBOAM AND THE DIVISION<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The emptying of a throne is forever fraught with perils. The eternal and pertinent question is this, Who shall come after the king? The tenth chapter answered that concerning the throne of Israel. The answer was an ill omen! <strong>Rehoboams tyrannical spirit split the kingdom. <\/strong>When Jeroboam and all Israel came to him, saying, <em>Thy father made our yoke grievous: now therefore ease thou somewhat the grievous servitude of thy father, and his heavy yoke that he put upon us, and we will serve thee (<span class='bible'><em>2Ch 10:4<\/em><\/span><\/em><em>), <\/em>they delicately referred to the increased taxation to which the luxurious court and the personal orgies of Solomon had given rise. They thought, as people commonly do, that the new rule would prove the peoples friend. Their hope was in vain.<\/p>\n<p>The old men, former counselors of Solomon, advised kindness and compassion; but the young bloods, spoiled by their fellowship with royalty, counseled increased oppression; and under their influence he said,<\/p>\n<p style='margin-left:4.35em'><em>My father made your yoke heavy, but I will add thereto: my father chastised you with whips, but I will chastise you with scorpions (<span class='bible'><em>2Ch 10:14<\/em><\/span><\/em><em>).<\/em><\/p>\n<p>It was enough. The war was on; and that war has never ended until this day, for Israel and Judah are not yet one. A man who divides brethren and sets them to battle, little understands the infinite reach of his mischief. The father of Modernism in America, when he fell asleep at a comparatively early age, little dreamed that he had set influences to work that would divide every denomination on the continent, destroy the fellowship of men who loved one another as twins are commonly supposed to love, wreck schools and churches by the thousand, and start a war that may easily exceed the famous Hundred Year War of history.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Israel and Judahblood brothersbecame the bitterest of enemies. <\/strong>For some reason Second Chronicles pays little attention to Israel, but proceeds to trace Judahs history to the year of Cyrus, king of Persia, or through a period of almost a half millennium. The family feud occasionally projects itself into the record, but for the most part, Israel is forgotten, and the doings of Judah are recorded in detail.<\/p>\n<p>The explanation of this is found in the circumstance that Jeroboam rejected the worship of Jehovah <em>(<span class='bible'><em>2Ch 11:14-15<\/em><\/span><\/em><em>).<\/em> When God is once put away, when Gods priest is disposed of, and His minister is heard no more, then degeneracy compels a declining record.<\/p>\n<p>Unitarianism three quarters of a century ago denied the Lord. Its history has amounted to little; and if it were recorded, it would simply prove, as the Jeroboam movement, a breeding place of apostasy; and yet this record regards not one apostasy only, but two.<\/p>\n<p><strong>The man of many favors may forget God.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style='margin-left:4.35em'><em>When Rehoboam had established the kingdom, and had strengthened himself, he forsook the Law of the Lord, and all Israel with him (<span class='bible'><em>2Ch 12:1<\/em><\/span><\/em><em>).<\/em><\/p>\n<p>What a sad commentary on the uncertainty and unstability of human nature! The explanation of Rehoboams failure has fitted thousands, yea millions of cases. <em>He did evil, because he prepared not his heart to seek the Lord (<span class='bible'><em>2Ch 12:14<\/em><\/span><\/em><em>).<\/em> Of all disappointments, none exceed thisto begin well and end badly; to give promise and create disappointment; to be the subject of Divine favor, and become the slave of Gods adversary.<\/p>\n<p><strong>THE HISTORY OF JUDAH<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Chapters 11 to 36 contain the roster of kings. <strong>The<\/strong> <strong>fortunes of the country answer accurately and inevitably to the characters of their rulers.<\/strong> On the whole, the history is a down-grade. In that respect, it runs true to form. The doctrine of evolution may find an illustration in national life if it goes from the simple to the complex, but in so far as it contends for improvement, history fails to illustrate it. Degeneracy of nations has more often taken place than has social and moral progress.<\/p>\n<p>The foundations of Judah were laid under David; the kingdoms glory appeared under Solomon. From that moment until this, one word expresses Judahs coursedecline.<\/p>\n<p>Africa was once an advanced nation, now a heathen one; Italy once ruled the world, now she holds an inconspicuous place; Greece once represented the climax of physical and mental accomplishment, now she boasts neither. The reasons for decline are varied, but in Judah they were one the God who had made her great was too often forgotten, too willingly offended. When the nations neglect the source of their strength, weakness naturally ensues. Judahs strength was in the Lord, and when her kings forgot Him, despised His Word, entered into unholy alliances that were followed by the people, her fame declined, and her land fainted.<\/p>\n<p><strong>The mixed social condition manifested her sinfulness. <\/strong>We have a phrase, Like people, like priest. We can paraphrase that, Like princes, like people. The study of these kings results in no compliment to human nature. Some of them were utterly evil; most of them were a mixture of the good and bad; two or three of them were sound. Among the utterly evil ones, Jehoram, Ahaziah, Athaliah, Manasseh, Amon and Jehoiakin held first place. The ones that represent a mixture of good and bad were Jeroboam, Jehoshaphat, Joash, Amaziah, Uzziah, Jehoiakim; while the truly good consisted of Jotham, Hezekiah and Josiah. In all probability the reign of each of these good kings was profoundly affected and made spiritually fruitful by the ministry of Isaiah, the greatest preacher among Old Testament Prophets. It is perhaps a fact of history that no rulers have ever proven faithful to God without the stimulating and salutary influence of the Gospel ministry.<\/p>\n<p><strong>The judgments and mercies of Second Chronicles alike vindicate Jehovah.<\/strong> In this record wickedness does not go unpunished; and yet it is a marvelous revelation of Divine mercy.<\/p>\n<p>There is never the least sign of penitence on the part of the ruler and the people without an immediate and generous response from Jehovah.<\/p>\n<p>When Jehoshaphat declined in his loyalty and effected a sinful coalition with Ahab, judgment fell; but instantly upon his repentance, mercy was shown. Judgment is always and everywhere Gods strange work, the work in which He takes no pleasure. <em>As I live, saith the Lord God, I have no pleasure in the death of the wicked (<span class='bible'><em>Eze 33:11<\/em><\/span><\/em><em>).<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Mercy is His nature, His essential character, for <em>to the Lord our God belong mercies and forgiveness. He that covereth his sins shall not prosper; but whoso confesseth and forsaketh them shall have mercy (<span class='bible'><em>Pro 28:13<\/em><\/span><\/em><em>).<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><\/em><\/p>\n<h4 align='right'><i><b>Fuente: The Bible of the Expositor and the Evangelist by Riley<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n<p>CRITICAL NOTES.] This chapter parallel with <span class='bible'>2 Kings 12<\/span>; gives same order of events with fresh matter and in different style. Joashs interest in religion under guidance of Jehoiada (<span class='bible'>2Ch. 24:1-14<\/span>); forsakes the God of his fathers after death of Jehoiada (<span class='bible'>2Ch. 24:15-22<\/span>); distressed by Syrians and put to death by his servants (<span class='bible'>2Ch. 24:23-27<\/span>).<\/p>\n<p><em><span class='bible'>2Ch. 24:1-14<\/span><\/em>.<em>Zeal of Joash under influence of Jehoiada. Days<\/em>, Jehoiada lived after accession of Joash twenty-three years (<span class='bible'>2Ki. 12:6<\/span>). Idolatry of king confined to last ten or fifteen years. <span class='bible'>2Ch. 24:3<\/span>. <em>Two wives<\/em>, anxious to secure succession to throne, and limit licence which kings permitted themselves (<span class='bible'>1Ki. 11:3<\/span>; <span class='bible'>2Ch. 11:21<\/span>; <span class='bible'>2Ch. 13:21<\/span>). <span class='bible'>2Ch. 24:4<\/span>. <em>Repair<\/em>, renew, strengthen. Levites <em>hastened not<\/em>, through limited funds or indifference (<span class='bible'>2Ch. 24:5<\/span>). <span class='bible'>2Ch. 24:6<\/span>. <em>Collection<\/em>, tax assigned by law for tabernacle; half a shekel from every one (<span class='bible'>Exo. 30:12-16<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Exo. 38:25<\/span>). <span class='bible'>2Ch. 24:7<\/span>. <em>Sons<\/em>, Ahaziah and elder brothers (<span class='bible'>2Ch. 21:17<\/span>), devoted to idolatry, and who carried out their mothers designs against temple. <span class='bible'>2Ch. 24:8<\/span>. <em>Chest<\/em>, full particulars <span class='bible'>2Ki. 12:9<\/span>. <span class='bible'>2Ch. 24:9<\/span>. <em>Collection<\/em>, contributions flowed in after proclamation. <span class='bible'>2Ch. 24:10<\/span>. <em>End<\/em>, until enough to complete restoration. <span class='bible'>2Ch. 24:12<\/span>. <em>Did work<\/em>, overseers of work (<span class='bible'>2Ki. 12:11<\/span>). <span class='bible'>2Ch. 24:13<\/span>. <em>Perfected<\/em>, lit. the healing (binding, <em>cf.<\/em> <span class='bible'>Neh. 4:1<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Jer. 30:17<\/span>) went up (was laid, <span class='bible'>Jer. 8:22<\/span>). <em>State<\/em>, lit. on its measure, original proportions <span class='bible'>Exo. 30:32<\/span>. <span class='bible'>2Ch. 24:14<\/span>. To <em>minister<\/em>, refurnishing temple with utensils, &amp;c.<\/p>\n<p><em><span class='bible'>2Ch. 24:15-22<\/span><\/em>.<em>Joash declines after the death of Jehoiada<\/em>. This paragraph not in Kings. <em>Full of days<\/em>, not applied to many. Years unparalleled from Exodus downwards. Many dispute this age, others see no reason to do so. <span class='bible'>2Ch. 24:17<\/span>. <em>Obeisance<\/em>, flattered the king, requested toleration for idolatry. <em>Hearkened<\/em>, yielded to them. <span class='bible'>2Ch. 24:19<\/span>. <em>Prophets<\/em>, names not mentioned, except Zech., who warned of danger. <span class='bible'>2Ch. 24:20<\/span>. <em>Spirit came<\/em> clothed. <span class='bible'>2Ch. 24:21<\/span>. <em>Conspired<\/em>, they would inflame the king, urge him to extreme measures. <em>Stones<\/em>, the punishment for idolators (<span class='bible'>Lev. 20:2<\/span>). <em>Court<\/em>, between temple and altar (<span class='bible'>Mat. 23:35<\/span>). <span class='bible'>2Ch. 24:22<\/span>. <em>Said<\/em>, dying words of Zech. utterance of prophetic doom.<\/p>\n<p><em><span class='bible'>2Ch. 24:23-27<\/span><\/em>.<em>Syrian invasion and death of J. End<\/em>, turn of the year; time of such expeditions. <em>Came<\/em>, led by Hazael, whom Joash bribed to withdraw from siege (<span class='bible'>2Ki. 12:18<\/span>). <em>Destroyed<\/em>, a mere handful of men inflicted humiliating defeat upon collected force of Israel (<span class='bible'>2Ch. 24:24<\/span>). <span class='bible'>2Ch. 24:25<\/span>. <em>Departed<\/em>, pressed on against Jerusalem after defeat of Joashs army, but retreated because enriched by gold of temple (<span class='bible'>2Ki. 12:18<\/span>). <em>Diseases<\/em>; plural of intensity, sore distress. <em>Bed<\/em>, where he lay sick. <span class='bible'>2Ch. 24:26<\/span>. <em>Zabad<\/em>, Zachar perhaps originally, as letters are of like form; in Kings, Jozachar. <em>Shim.<\/em>, Ki. Shomer. Mothers only given. <span class='bible'>2Ch. 24:27<\/span>. <em>Burdens<\/em>, according to common usage in prophetic writings (<span class='bible'>2Ki. 9:25<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Isa. 13:1<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Lam. 2:14<\/span>) are denunciations of coming evils [<em>Keil<\/em>] (<span class='bible'>2Ch. 24:19<\/span>). <em>Story<\/em> (marg.), commentary, the memoir contained in state annals.<\/p>\n<p><em>HOMILETICS<\/em><\/p>\n<p>REGARD FOR GODS HOUSE.<em><span class='bible'>2Ch. 24:4-14<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p>Remarkable that first movement should come from the king and not the priest to restore temple. Jehoiada had permitted it to remain unrepaired during the whole period of his regency. Now Joash, not regardless of the place which had given him shelter, displays zeal. <\/p>\n<p><strong>I. In repairing its physical Structure.<\/strong> Mindful to <em>repair<\/em> (renew) the house, which was in decay. No right to permit dilapidations in Gods house than in private property. We should keep it in repair, make it attractive and durable outside as well as inside. Many more concerned for their own than for Gods house; build and adorn for themselves, but neglect God. Is it time for you, O you, to dwell (at ease) in your ceiled houses, and this house lie waste? (<span class='bible'>Hag. 1:4<\/span>). <\/p>\n<p><strong>II. In urging others to interest themselves in this work.<\/strong> J. consulted officers, advised them to collect expenses from the cities, reproved the high priest, and urged all to diligence. See that ye hasten the matter (<span class='bible'>2Ch. 24:5<\/span>). Too long had they been negligent. The honour of God and the interests of the nation demanded exertion. Shamefully remiss are many who ought to be awake and first. Let us be alive ourselves, and excite others to the work. Nothing of worth or weight can be achieved with half a mind, with a faint heart, with a lame endeavour, says South. <\/p>\n<p><strong>III. In creating a fund to keep it in repair.<\/strong> <\/p>\n<p>1. <em>A tax was levied upon the people<\/em> (<span class='bible'>2Ch. 24:5<\/span>). Priests ordered to collect the three kinds of money (<em>cf.<\/em> <span class='bible'>2 Kings 12<\/span>), but were careless, and did not call upon the people, or people had little confidence in management of priests that they were reluctant to pay dues. What money was collected not applied to proper use. The breeches of the house were not repaired. <\/p>\n<p>2. <em>A freewill offering box was provided<\/em>. The general levy failed. A chest made, hole bored into lid, and placed at door to receive voluntary offerings of people. A separation thus made between money for repairs, incidentals, and money for support of priests. This novel, touched the hearts of the people. Cheerfulness and sufficiency the result (<span class='bible'>2Ch. 24:11<\/span>). Need of reform in management of Church finances. Great deficiency in serious consideration, conscientious liberality, enlightened system and Christian patriotism. <\/p>\n<p><strong>IV. In the lawful use of the fund thus created.<\/strong> Formerly money sadly misappropriated. <\/p>\n<p>1. <em>Duly audited by proper persons<\/em>. The Levites took the box to the kings scribe, and the high priests officer came and emptied it, counted it, put it into bags, labelled and sealed as customary, and delivered them to overseers of building to pay workmen and buy necessary materials. <\/p>\n<p>2. <em>Thus nothing misappropriated<\/em>. Nothing lost. Confidence in financial business. No account exacted, overseers honest, and surplus, after repairs, appropriated to purchase of temple furniture (<span class='bible'>2Ch. 24:14<\/span>). This a type of apostolic method, an example to the Christian Church. <\/p>\n<p><strong>V. In the completion of the work begun.<\/strong> Many hindrances. Prevalence of idolatrous customs, official dilatoriness, failure of first plan, and lethargy of people. But work went on, priests ashamed, and consented to measures adopted. All difficulties finally overcome. The work was <em>perfected<\/em> (healed), restored to beauty, <em>set<\/em> in its measure and proportion, and <em>strengthened<\/em> in durability and structure (<span class='bible'>2Ch. 24:13<\/span>).<\/p>\n<p>The foregoing outline may suggest other thoughts. I. <em>It is natural for the believing heart to regard the house of God<\/em>. Its interests ever dear to the Christian. To him the temple is the house of breadhis Bethlehem; the centre of attraction, fellowship, and joy. It is instinctive for him to mind it, as it is natural for the hart to pant after the waterbrook, or doves to fly to their windows. II. <em>When men pay due regard to Gods house, they will provide for its interests<\/em>. They build, and keep the fabric in repair; provide for sustenance of its agencies, and perpetuation of its worship; always and everywhere revere the place in which God is publicly worshipped. III. <em>In thus providing for the interests of Gods house, they promote the welfare of the nation<\/em>. Both intimately connected. Associations of worship affect the education, culture, and morals of the community. Public worship is the secret power of the Church, the nurse of virtue in the nation.<\/p>\n<p>NATIONAL RELAPSE INTO IDOLATRY.<em><span class='bible'>2Ch. 24:17-24<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p>A great change after death of Jehoiada. Many took part in revolution which dethroned Athaliah and placed Joash on the throne, on political not religious grounds. Dislike to rule of a woman, a foreigner, without zeal for pure religion, hence relapse. <\/p>\n<p><strong>I. Beginning with the demands of the princes.<\/strong> The princes of Judah came to king (<span class='bible'>2Ch. 24:17<\/span>). Worldly-minded, hating priestly power, and tired with thirty years pure and simple worship, yearned for seductive rites of heathenism. They requested permission to worship in high places, not to be put to expensive and frequent journeys to Jerusalem. Advised the king to be more tolerant and less under priestly dominion. By unusual humility, framed a plausible and inoffensive petition, which was granted. <\/p>\n<p><strong>II. Encouraged by the concessions of the king.<\/strong> Flattered by their obeisance to the king, he hearkened to them. Pleased and weak-minded, their requests were more agreeable than the dictates of Jehoiada used to be. Princes often flattered and drawn into ruin by those who promised liberty. George III., after his accession, reproved a high dignitary for fulsome adulation, and issued an order prohibiting any clergyman called to preach before him from paying compliments to him. <\/p>\n<p><strong>III. Protested against by the warnings of the prophet.<\/strong> Z., son of J., urged people from a prominent place not to transgress the commandments of the Lord. This would never prosper, but bring national disaster. Prompted by irresistible influence, he boldly protested against prevailing tendencies. But denunciations unpalatable to the king, roused fierce passions of multitude, and a band of miscreants, instigated by Joash, put him to death (<em>cf.<\/em> <span class='bible'>Mat. 23:35<\/span>). But the death of the prophet not the destruction of his message. <\/p>\n<p><strong>IV. Punished in awful judgments upon the nation.<\/strong> The dying words, a prophetic doom of Z., fulfilled at end of the year. Syrians invaded the land, princes of people destroyed, and immense spoil sent to Damascus. How suggestive the words, a <em>small<\/em> company of men overcame a <em>very great<\/em> host! To men who estimate everything by great numbers and dazzling splendour, this would be a striking calamity. Wrath came upon Judah and Jerusalem for this their trespass.<\/p>\n<p>THE DEATH OF JOASH.<em><span class='bible'>2Ch. 24:25-27<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>I. An end embittered by painful malady.<\/strong> They left him in great diseases, which long confined him in bed. Plural of intensity, a severe malady. Charles IX. of France, author of Parisian massacre, died in great distress. Kingly dignity wards not off loathsome disease. <\/p>\n<p><strong>II. An end brought about by conspiracy.<\/strong> Not even permitted to die peaceably in his own bed. Perhaps in hope of recovery or escape, his own servants conspired against him. A punishment degrading, depriving death of mitigations and friendships. <\/p>\n<p><strong>III. An end considered as divine judgment.<\/strong> God smites wicked men in everything; end of one trouble beginning of another. The winds of divine judgments rise from every quarter, bend and break, and no escape from tempest. J. plagued with the Syrians and smitten with terrible disease, met with untimely death, and refused official honour in burial. The memory of the wicked doomed to perish. Let him not be written with the righteous.<\/p>\n<p>LIFE AND CHARACTER OF JOASH<\/p>\n<p>The beginning well in outward actions and national government. But evident from the history that the rectitude of administration was owing to his preserver and tutor, not to his enlightened principles and sincere convictions. <\/p>\n<p><strong>I. The instability of his religion.<\/strong> <\/p>\n<p>1. He was zealous for God under restraint. Was minded to repair the house, in excitement and prosperity, but zeal died out. When the sun went down the reflected brightness went with it. <\/p>\n<p>2. He degenerated when that restraint was taken away. He depended upon wise counsel and piety of Jehoiada; when prop removed he fell. Had no root in himself, and left to his own resources, could not stand. Circumstances not principles made him what he was. When these changed he changed. His religion was temporary and superficial. He only did right in the sight of the Lord all the days of Jehoiada the priest (<span class='bible'>2Ch. 24:2<\/span>). <\/p>\n<p><strong>II. The honour and disgrace of his reign.<\/strong> A mixed reign, marked with singular honour and stained with remarkable disgrace. <\/p>\n<p>1. Honourable reforms. He rebuilt and restored temple. Established its order and worship, and thus removed national scandal. He reproved officers in their languid work, adopted efficient means to finish it, and at length the temple stood in grandeur and dignity in which it was left by ancestors, the glory of his own reign and administration of Jehoiada. <br \/>2. Disgraceful crimes. Like Nero, after death of his teacher Seneca, the philosopher, he was stained with crimes. He not only made shipwreck of faith, but in a period of ten years, the restorer of the temple became an idolator; the ward of Jehoiada was the murderer of his son. A reign under excellent guardians (like many in the middle ages and modern times, German Emperors Otto III. and Henry IV., in many respects Louis XIV. of France) at first, ended in humiliation and war. The memory of a king hopeful in beginnings stands marked with blood and the ways of Cain. <\/p>\n<p><strong>III. The disastrous end of his life.<\/strong> Complicated in deeds of violence. Horrid outrage on a prophet of Godbase ingratitude to a family who had preserved his lifeatrocious treatment of a true Hebrew prophetillegal exercise of power and authority as kingsome of his acts. Invasion and defeat, severe disease, and smitten while languishing on his bed, by his own servants. But they buried him not in the sepulchres of the kings. The murderer of the son not permitted to sleep with that father whose memory he outrageously dishonoured. From this review learn<\/p>\n<p>1. The responsibility of those to whom care of young persons is entrusted. <br \/>2. Caution those yet under guardianship of friends and tutors. <br \/>3. The awful end of those who turn aside from hopeful beginnings.<\/p>\n<p><em>HOMILETIC HINTS AND SUGGESTIONS<\/em><\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch. 24:1-2<\/span>. <em>Under minority of Joash<\/em>. <\/p>\n<p>1. The king well trained and prepared for duty. <br \/>2. High priesthood increased in dignity. Name High Priest not given to Aaron, Eli, or Zadok, given to him and his successors; regarded as second founder, and in after days described as chief [<em>Stanley<\/em>]. <\/p>\n<p>3. Morality lax. National religion mixed with worship in high places. Temple neglected, and money misappropriated.<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch. 24:8-11<\/span>. <em>The alms chest<\/em>. It is a curiously circumstantial record of a church restoration fund belonging to a period 2,730 years distant from our own time, and perhaps in the lifetime of Homer [<em>Blunt<\/em>].<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch. 24:15-16<\/span>. <em>Jehoiada<\/em>. As guardian-priest and patriot. Honoured in age, burial, and reputation, yet lacking in zeal and energy. Melancthon orthodox and learned, but accomplished no great reformation. Luther inferior in some respects, a man for his times and work, bold and zealous, and, under God, effected deliverance from Popery, and the Reformation.<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch. 24:18-23<\/span>. <em>Murder of <\/em><em><span class='bible'>Zechariah 1<\/span><\/em>. Horrid outrage on a prophet of the Lord. A sacred person, a Hebrew patriot. <\/p>\n<p>2. An instance of base ingratitude. To a family who had preserved his life. <br \/>3. A deed of violence involving great criminality. Illegal and unjust exercise of power, bringing retribution upon king and nation. The last words, <em>The Lord require it<\/em>, not vindictive (then a great contrast to those of Stephen, <span class='bible'>Act. 7:60<\/span>), but a prophetic warning to Jews (<span class='bible'>Mat. 23:35<\/span>) in time of Jesus and to us. The act produced a profound impression. It was a later Jewish tradition, but one which marks the popular feeling, that this crowning crime of the House of Judah took place on the Sabbath day, on the great Day of Atonement, and that its marks were never to be effaced. The sacredness of the person and of the place, the concurrent guilt of the whole nationking, nobles, and peoplethe ingratitude of the chief instigator, the culmination of long tragedy of the House of Omri, the position which the story held in the Jewish canon, as the last great murder of the last Book of the Old Testament, all conspired to give it the peculiar significance with which it is recorded in the Gospels as closing the catalogue of unrighteous deaths, from the blood of righteous Abel to the blood of Zechariah. who was slain between the temple and the altar [<em>Stanley<\/em>].<\/p>\n<p>ILLUSTRATIONS TO CHAPTER 24<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch. 24:5<\/span>. <em>Hasten<\/em>. That I may be of the number of those that spend themselves with labour, and not of those who waste in rust and laziness. Lord! let me rather wear out in the work, than consume (like a garment laid by with moths) for want of use [<em>Swinnocks<\/em> Christian Mans Calling]. I like to be at my post, doing my duty; indifferent whether one set or another govern, provided they govern well [<em>Sir J. Moore<\/em>].<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch. 24:11-12<\/span>. <em>Money<\/em>. We see here a distinct indication of a practice still followed in the East where large sums of money are concerned, as in the disbursements of the Government, and in the taxes and tributes paid to the Crown. The money in such cases is deposited in long narrow bags, each containing a certain sum, and carefully sealed with the official seal [<em>Kitto<\/em>]. In East in present time a bag of money passes (for some time at least) currently from hand to hand, under the authority of a bankers seal, without any examination of its contents [<em>Burder<\/em>].<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch. 24:18<\/span>. <em>Left the house of the Lord<\/em>. A mans conception of worship really reaches his life. Let him lose his reverence for the Bible, for God, for man, however much he may boast of it, will in that measure go down. The victory of the enemy will be easy and complete. It cannot be a fatal offence, it may be thought, to neglect the assembly of ourselves together at least occasionally, to regard other occasions of coming together as of equal importance with meetings in the Church. It cannot be wrong surely to elevate certain kinds of intellectual inquiry into a species of worship on the Lords day; all these thoughts are most insidious, full of temptation, and when perverted, it is in innumerable cases not the lower that is lifted up, but the higher that is degraded or impoverished [<em>Dr. Parker<\/em>].<\/p>\n<h4 align='right'><i><b>Fuente: The Preacher&#8217;s Complete Homiletical Commentary Edited by Joseph S. Exell<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n<p>9. THE REIGN OF JOASH (<span class='bible'>2Ch. 23:16-21<\/span>)<\/p>\n<p><strong>TEXT<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch. 23:16<\/span>. And Jehoiada made a covenant between himself, and all the people, and the king, that they should be Jehovahs people. 17. And all the people went to the house of Baal, and brake it down, and brake his altars and his images in pieces, and slew Mattan the priest of Baal before the altars. 18. And Jehoiada appointed the officers of the house of Jehovah under the hand of the priests the Levites, whom David had distributed in the house of Jehovah, to offer the burnt-offerings of Jehovah, as it is written in the law of Moses, with rejoicing and with singing, according to the order of David. 19. And he set the porters at the gates of the house of Jehovah, that none that was unclean in anything should enter in. 20. And he took the captains of hundreds, and the nobles, and the governors of the people, and all the people of the land, and brought down the king from the house of Jehovah: and they came through the upper gate unto the kings house, and set the king upon the throne of the kingdom. 21. So all the people of the land rejoiced, and the city was quiet. And Athaliah they had slain with the sword.<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch. 24:1<\/span>. Joash was seven years old when he began to reign; and he reigned forty years in Jerusalem: and his mothers name was Zibiah, of Beer-sheba. 2. And Joash did that which was right in the eyes of Jehovah all the days of Jehoiada the priest. 3. And Jehoiada took for him two wives; and he begat sons and daughters.<\/p>\n<p>4. And it came to pass after this, that Joash was minded to restore the house of Jehovah. 5. And he gathered together the priests and the Levites, and said to them, Go out unto the cities of Judah, and gather of all Israel money to repair the house of your God from year to year; and see that ye hasten the matter. Howbeit the Levites hastened it not. 6. And the king called for Jehoiada the chief, and said unto him, Why hast thou not required of the Levites to bring in out of Judah and out of Jerusalem the tax of Moses the servant of Jehovah, and of the assembly of Israel, for the tent of the testimony? 7. For the sons of Athaliah, that wicked woman, hath broken up the house of God; and also all the dedicated things of the house of Jehovah did they bestow upon the Baalim.<br \/>8. So the king commanded, and they made a chest, and set without at the gate of the house of Jehovah. 9. And they made a proclamation through Judah and Jerusalem, to bring in for Jehovah the tax that Moses the servant of God laid upon Israel in the wilderness. 10. And all the princes and all the people rejoiced, and brought in, and cast into the chest, until they had made an end. 11. And it was so, that, at what time the chest was brought unto the kings officers by the hand of the Levites, and when they saw that there was much money, the kings scribe and the chief priests officer came and emptied the chest, and took it, and carried it to its place again. Thus they did day by day, and gathered money in abundance. 12. And the king and Jehoiada gave it to such as did the work of the service of the house of Jehovah; and they hired masons and carpenters to restore the house of Jehovah, and also such as wrought iron and brass to repair the house of Jehovah. 13. So the workmen wrought, and the work of repairing went forward in their hands, and they set up the house of God in its state, and strengthened it. 14. And when they had made an end, they brought the rest of the money before the king and Jehoiada, whereof were made vessels for the house of Jehovah, even vessels wherewith to minister and to offer, and spoons, and vessels of gold and silver. And they offered burnt-offerings in the house of Jehovah continually all the days of Jehoiada.<br \/>15. But Jehoiada waxed old and was full of days, and he died; a hundred and thirty years old was he when he died. 16. And they buried him in the city of David among the kings, because he had done good in Israel, and toward God and his house. 17. Now after the death of Jehoiada came the princes of Judah, and made obeisance to the king. Then the king hearkened unto them. 18. And they forsook the house of Jehovah, the God of their fathers, and served the Asherim and the idols: and wrath came upon Judah and Jerusalem for this their guiltiness. 19. Yet he sent prophets to them, to bring them again unto Jehovah; and they testified against them: but they would not give ear.<br \/>20. And the Spirit of God came upon Zechariah the son of Jehoiada the priest; and he stood above the people, and said unto them, Thus saith God, Why transgress ye the commandments of Jehovah, so that ye cannot prosper? because ye have forsaken Jehovah, he hath also forsaken you 21. And they conspired against him, and stoned him with stones at the commandment of the king in the court of the house of Jehovah. 22. Thus Joash the king remembered not the kindness which Jehoiada his father had done to him, but slew his son. And when he died, he said, Jehovah look upon it, and require it.<br \/>23. And it came to pass at the end of the year, that the army of the Syrians came up against him: and they came to Judah and Jerusalem, and destroyed all the princes of the people from among the people, and sent all the spoil of them unto the king of Damascus. 24. For the army of the Syrians came with a small company of men; and Jehovah delivered a very great host into their hand, because they had forsaken Jehovah, the God of their fathers. So they executed judgment upon Joash.<br \/>25. And when they were departed from him (for they left him very sick), his own servants conspired against him for the blood of the sons of Jehoiada the priest, and slew him on his bed, and he died; and they buried him in the city of David, but they buried him not in the sepulchres of the kings. 26. And these are they that conspired against him: Zabad the son of Shimeath the Ammonitess, and Jehozabad the son of Shimrith the Moabitess. 27. Now concerning his sons, and the greatness of the burdens laid upon him, and the rebuilding of the house of God, behold, they are written in the commentary of the book of kings. And Amaziah his son reigned in his stead.<\/p>\n<p><strong>PARAPHRASE<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch. 23:18<\/span>. Jehoiada now appointed the Levite priests as guards, and to sacrifice the burnt offering to the Lord as prescribed in the law of Moses. He made the identical assignments of the Levite clans that King David had. They sang with joy as they worked. 19. The guards at the Temple gates kept out everything that was not consecrated and all unauthorized personnel.<\/p>\n<p>20. Then the army officers, nobles, governors, and all the people escorted the king from the Temple, wending their way from the Upper Gate to the palace, and seated the king upon his throne. 21. So all the people of the land rejoiced, and the city was quiet and peaceful because Queen Athaliah was dead.<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch. 24:1<\/span>. Joash was seven years old when he became king, and he reigned forty years, in Jerusalem. His mothers name was Zibiah, from Beer-sheba. 2. Joash tried hard to please the Lord all during the lifetime of Jehoiada the priest. 3. Jehoiada arranged two marriages for him, and he had sons and daughters.<\/p>\n<p>4. Later on, Joash decided to repair and recondition the Temple. 5. He summoned the priests and Levites and gave them these instructions: Go to all the cities of Judah and collect offerings for the building fund, so that we can maintain the Temple in good repair. Get at it right away. Dont delay. But the Levites took their time.<br \/>6. So the king called for Jehoiada, the High Priest, and asked him, Why havent you demanded that the Levites go out and collect the Temple taxes from the cities of Judah, and from Jerusalem? The tax law enacted by Moses the servant of the Lord must be enforced so that the Temple can be repaired.<br \/>7, 8. (The followers of wicked Athaliah had ravaged the Temple, and everything dedicated to the worship of God had been removed to the temple of Baalam.) So now the king instructed that a chest be made and set outside the Temple gate. 9. Then a proclamation was sent to all the cities of Judah and throughout Jerusalem telling the people to bring to the Lord the tax that Moses the servant of God had assessed upon Israel.<br \/>10. And all the leaders and the people were glad, and brought the money and placed it in the chest until it was full.<br \/>11. Then the Levites carried the chest to the kings accounting office where the recording secretary and the representative of the High Priest counted money, and took the chest back to the Temple again. This went on day after day, and money continued to pour in. 12. The king and Jehoiada gave the money to the building superintendents, who hired masons and carpenters to restore the Temple; and to foundrymen who made articles of iron and brass. 13. So the work went forward, and finally the Temple was in much better condition than before. 14. When all was finished, the remaining money was brought to the king and Jehoiada, and it was agreed to use it for making the gold and silver spoons and bowls used for incense, and for making the instruments used in the sacrifices and offerings.<br \/>Burnt offerings were sacrificed continually during the lifetime of Jehoiada the priest. 15. He lived to a very old age, finally dying at 130. 16. He was buried in the City of David among the kings, because he had done so much good for Israel, for God, and for the Temple.<br \/>17, 18. But after his death the leaders of Judah came to King Joash and induced him to abandon the Temple of the God of their ancestors, and to worship shame-idols instead! So the wrath of God came down upon Judah and Jerusalem again. 19. God sent prophets to bring them back to the Lord, but the people wouldnt listen.<br \/>20. Then the Spirit of God came upon Zechariah, Jehoiadas son. He called a meeting of all the people. Standing before them upon a platform, he said to them, God wants to know why you are disobeying his commandments. For when you do, everything you try fails. You have forsaken the Lord, and now he has forsaken you.<br \/>21. Then the leaders plotted to kill Zechariah, and finally King Joash himself ordered him executed in the court of the Temple, 22. That was how King Joash repaid Jehoiada for his love and loyaltyby killing his son. Zechariahs last words as he died were Lord, see what they are doing and pay them back.<br \/>23. A few months later the Syrian army arrived and conquered Judah and Jerusalem, killing all the leaders of the nation and sending back great quantities of booty to the king of Damascus. 24. It was a great triumph for the tiny Syrian army, but the Lord let the great army of Judah be conquered by them because they had forsaken the Lord God of their ancestors. In that way God executed judgment upon Joash. 25. When the Syrians leftleaving Joash severly woundedhis own officials decided to kill him for murdering the son of Jehoiada the priest. They assassinated him as he lay in bed, and buried him in the City of David, but not in the cemetery of the kings. 26. The conspirators were Zabad, whose mother was Shime-ath, a woman from Amon; and Jehozabad, whose mother was Shim-rith, a woman from Moab.<br \/>27. If you want to read about the sons of Joash, and the curses laid upon Joash, and about the restoration of the Temple, see The Annals of the Kings. When Joash died, his son Amaziah became the new king.<\/p>\n<p><strong>COMMENTARY<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The high priestly office was a position of real authority among the Hebrew people. This had never been more manifest than it was in Jehoiadas day. The high priest at this time was the real power behind the throne. Jehoiada led in the covenant renewal. His rage against the idols of Baal reminds the student of Pauls righteous wrath which he vented against Athens idols (<span class='bible'>Acts 17<\/span>). In a later day, John Knox turned his fury on idolatry in England. Athaliah had been the champion of Baalism. The whole Baalistic system was supported by her government. The Temple of Jehovah suffered because of the neglect of the queen and the people under her influence. With rare delight Jehoiada and the faithful Jehovah worshipers ruined the temple of Baal with all of its fixtures. Mattan, the priest of Baal was killed near the altars of his own temple.<\/p>\n<p>The new government under Joash was committed to Jehovah worship. Priests were appointed for regular service. Offerings were to be presented to Jehovah according to directions in the Law. The singers and instrumentalists were assigned to their respective duties. The gatekeepers were charged with their peculiar responsibilities. Under heavy guard Joash was brought from the Temple to the throne room and installed as king over the southern kingdom. There had been bloodshed. It was a day of dramatic incidents. The stage had been set for a time of renewal and growth among Jehovahs people.<\/p>\n<p><strong>LESSON TWENTY-ONE 2426<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>THE REIGN OF JOASH, AMAZIAHS RISE AND FALL.<br \/>UZZIAHS LIFE AND TIMES.<\/p>\n<p>9. THE REIGN OF JOASH-Continued (<span class='bible'>2Ch. 23:16-21<\/span>)<\/p>\n<p><strong>INTRODUCTION<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Joash and Jehoiada led far-reaching reformation in Jerusalem. Amaziah sought revenge for his fathers death. Later he challenged Joash of Israel to battle and finally died at the hands of conspirators. Uzziah accomplished many internal improvements in Judah. The kings leprosy ended an otherwise useful life.<\/p>\n<p><strong>TEXT<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>(Scripture <strong>text<\/strong> in Lesson Twenty)<\/p>\n<p><strong>PARAPHRASE<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>(Scripture <strong>text<\/strong> in Lesson Twenty)<\/p>\n<p><strong>COMMENTARY<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Like Saul, David, and Solomon, each of whom reigned forty years, Joash attained to the same number of years for his reign. Some blessing from Jehovah is to be seen in Joashs ability to exercise authority through that many years. Nothing more is known about his mother except her name, Zibiah, and the place of her origin, Beersheba. As long as Jehoiada lived, the high priest exercised a good influence over Joash. Later in his reign, Joash turned away from Jehovah. The king regarded the high priest like a son would look to a father. Jehoiadas deep concern for the protection of the seed of David led him to a careful selection of two wives for Joash. Why he chose two wives we are not told. Perhaps he was suggesting that this should be the extent of Joashs harem. The record indicates that Joash was the father of several children. This, also, was another indication of Jehovahs blessing.<br \/>The Temple of Jehovah needed physical repairs. Athaliah had used all of her influence to promote Baalism. Joashs purpose at this time was to effect a complete renewal of the Temple. Jehoiada encouraged him in every way.[67] The priests and Levites were informed of Joashs purpose and were sent throughout the kingdom to tell the people of the kings plans and to collect money for the project. The official religious leaders failed to throw themselves fully into this good work even though they had been told that the matter was urgent. The king counseled with Jehoiada and inquired about the failure of the priests. A half shekel tax (<span class='bible'>Exo. 30:13-15<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Num. 1:30<\/span>) was supposed to be paid each year by every male for the purpose of helping to support the work of Jehovahs House. This tax had not been collected for a long time. Gods House had been completely impoverished by the Baalists. Joash was deeply concerned.<\/p>\n<p>[67] Spence, H. D. M., The Pulpit Commentary, II Chronicles, p. 283<\/p>\n<p>Since his first plan had failed, Joash devised the building of a box with a necessary opening in the cover. This box was most likely placed in the court of the priests near the altar of burnt-offering. People brought their gifts to the Temple, turned them over to the attending priests who deposited the gifts in the chest. Throughout the borders of Judah the people came with their Temple tax. The failure of the first program had to be laid upon the priests and Levites who would not go to the people with the kings request. Once Joashs country-men were told about the kings plan, with great rejoicing they came. Day after day they filled the money box. Perhaps there was a daily accounting of the funds by attendant priests at the Temple. Just as soon as the money was available, workmen began the task of renewing Jehovahs house. Whatever needed to be done to make the Temple substantial was accomplished by masons, carpenters, and workers in metals. When all of the necessary repairs were made and paid for, money remained in the building fund. This money was used to provide vessels of silver and gold for the service of the Temple. As long as Jehoiada lived, the people of the southern kingdom remained faithful to Jehovah.<\/p>\n<p>Jehoiada was blessed with a long life of one hundred and thirty years. His being full of days (<span class='bible'>2Ch. 23:15<\/span>) suggests something of the satisfaction and the fulfillment of his life. He was accorded a state funeral and was honored in his burial in the royal cemetery. Jehoiada ranked with the best men who were leaders of Jehovahs people. He was a good man in relation to his people and his God. Evil forces, held in check in Jehoiadas day, were unleashed when he died. The princes of Judah approached Joash with subtle flattery. Their obeisance probably caused Joash to think too highly of himself. The idea of worship is associated with the action of the princes. Joash was about thirty five years old. Considering all that Jehovah had done for him, it is difficult to understand that he could be influenced so easily to rebel against God. These counselors were like the men who advised Rehoboam to act so foolishly earlier in Israels history. By this choice, Joashs destiny was sealed. All that a person has done for Jehovah in former days is of no value in personal salvation if one is not faithful until death. When the house of Jehovah is forsaken, men not only fail to go there to worship, but they abandon Gods whole program. In this context Jesus said, You should look for Me in My Fathers house (<span class='bible'>Luk. 2:49<\/span>). He was always totally involved in His Fathers business. The historian in Chronicles was fully aware of the cycle of history in which the Hebrews moved. They forsook Jehovah. They gave themselves to the Asherim (Baalism). They suffered under the wrath of Jehovah. Their God, moved by great compassion, sent prophets to convict the people of sin and to urge repentance. These prophets were often scorned and were sometimes put to death.<\/p>\n<p>Zechariah, son of Jehoiada, was among the prophets sent by Jehovah to Judah and Jerusalem. He was motivated by and clothed with the Holy Spirit. His message was clear and pointed. Considering all that Jehovah had done for His people and weighing the consequences of their actions, there was no excuse for the rebel attitude. Zechariah emphasized their transgression, reviewed their failures, and reminded his hearers that Jehovah had abandoned them. King Joash dared to order death by stoning for the prophet. The law had said that idolaters were to be stoned (<span class='bible'>Lev. 20:2<\/span>). The law was completely ignored as this death sentence was decreed for Zechariah. In a remarkable statement in <span class='bible'>Mat. 23:29-36<\/span> our Lord condemned the scribes and Pharisees because of their rejection of Himself and the prophetic word. He summarized the history of the Hebrew people when He charged them with the blood of the prophets which had been shed from the time of Abel to the time of Zechariah. Genesis is the first book in the Hebrew Bible. Second Chronicles is the last book in the Hebrew Bible. The expression, as Jesus used it, from Abel to Zechariah, took in all history pertaining to Gods people. Joash had begun his work in a very worthy manner. He suffered a moral and spiritual collapse. Jehoiada should most likely be regarded as the grandfather of Joash. As Zechariah was dying, he expressed confidence in Jehovahs judgment and predicted that Joash would come under that judgment.<\/p>\n<p>The Syrians under their king, Hazael, came to Jerusalem and in battle humiliated Joash and his people. At the revolution of the year suggests that this Syrian attack took place in the spring-time. The Hebrews suffered heavy casualties. Many of their leaders were killed. Much goods was carried out of Jerusalem to Damascus. As Jehovah had used foreign powers on other occasions to chastise His own people, so He used the Syrians at this time. When the Hebrews were faithful to God, a small army of Israelites could ruin an empty equipped with legions of soldiers. On this occasion a small company of Syrians over-ran Judah and Jerusalem. The historian saw the hand of Jehovah in these events. Retribution for sin was Gods purpose in this humiliating defeat. In due time the Syrians withdrew; however, Joashs burdens were not lightened. The king experienced failure in his personal health. Even this would be regarded as evidence of Jehovahs disapproval of his leadership. There were those who remembered how Joash had closed Zechariahs mouth by stoning him to death. These were troublous times. Servants named Zabad (Jozacar) and Jehozabad, whose parentage related them to the Ammonites and Moabites, conspired and killed Joash in his bed. He had begun his reign in honor and with great promise. He died in shame. He was not buried in the royal cemetery.<br \/>Amaziah is the only known son of Joash. The specific nature of the burdens he placed on his sons is not described beyond the reference to the rebuilding of the house of God. Political involvements with Syria and the general unsettled circumstances brought crises in internal affairs. Joashs successor would experience real trials. Other details concerning Joash were written in a commentary of the book of the kings.<\/p>\n<h4 align='right'><i><b>Fuente: College Press Bible Study Textbook Series<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n<p><strong>XXIV.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>REIGN OF JOASH. <\/strong>(Comp. <span class='bible'>2 Kings 12<\/span>)<\/p>\n<p><strong>PROPHETIC MINISTRY OF ZECHARIAH BEN JEHOIADA.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The Ascendancy of the High Priest Jehoiada. Repair of the Temple (<span class='bible'>2Ch. 24:1-14<\/span>).<\/p>\n<p>(1) <strong>Joash was seven years old.<\/strong>This verse coincides with <span class='bible'>2Ki. 12:1-2<\/span>, merely omitting the note that his accession took place in the seventh year of Jehu. There he is called <em>Jehoash,<\/em> of which Joash is a contraction. (Comp. Jehoram-Joram.) The meaning may be Iahu is fire (comp. <span class='bible'>Isa. 33:14<\/span>); but more probably it is Iahu is a man. (Comp. Ashbel.)<\/p>\n<h4 align='right'><i><b>Fuente: Ellicott&#8217;s Commentary for English Readers (Old and New Testaments)<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n<p> <span class='bible'><strong> 2Ch 24:20-21<\/strong><\/span> <strong> <\/strong> <strong><em> Comments &#8211; The Stoning of Zechariah &#8211;<\/em><\/strong> <strong> <\/strong> Jesus refers to the stoning of Zechariah in <span class='bible'>Luk 11:51<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p style='margin-left:1.8em'> <span class='bible'>Luk 11:51<\/span>, &ldquo;From the blood of Abel unto the blood of Zacharias, which perished between the altar and the temple: verily I say unto you, It shall be required of this generation.&rdquo;<\/p>\n<p> <span class='bible'><strong> 2Ch 24:22<\/strong><\/span> <strong> &nbsp;Thus Joash the king remembered not the kindness which Jehoiada his father had done to him, but slew his son. And when he died, he said, The LORD look upon it, and require it.<\/p>\n<p> <span class='bible'><strong> 2Ch 24:22<\/strong><\/span><\/strong> <strong> &ldquo;And when he died, he said, The LORD look upon it, and require it&rdquo;<\/strong> &#8211; <strong><em> Comments &#8211; <\/em><\/strong> Zacharias prophesied that the Lord would require judgment for this death. Jesus confirmed this prophecy in <span class='bible'>Mat 23:35<\/span>. <\/p>\n<p style='margin-left:1.8em'> <span class='bible'>Mat 23:35<\/span>, &ldquo;That upon you may come all the righteous blood shed upon the earth, from the blood of righteous Abel unto the blood of Zacharias son of Barachias, whom ye slew between the temple and the altar.&rdquo;<\/p>\n<h4 align='right'><i><b>Fuente: Everett&#8217;s Study Notes on the Holy Scriptures<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n<p>The Good Rule of Joash During Jehoiada&#8217;s Life<strong><\/p>\n<p> v. 1. Joash was seven years old when he began to reign,<\/strong> having been a mere infant when his aunt saved his life, <strong> and he reigned forty years in Jerusalem. His mother&#8217;s name also was Zibiah of Beersheba. <\/p>\n<p>v. 2. And Joash did that which was right in the sight of the Lord all the days of Jehoiada, the priest. <\/strong> A single man who, like this venerable priest, adheres firmly to the Word of the Lord may be a very strong moral support for the whole Church. <strong><\/p>\n<p>v. 3. And Jehoiada,<\/strong> when the young king had reached the proper age, <strong> took for him two wives; and he begat sons and daughters. <\/p>\n<p>v. 4. And it came to pass after this that Joash was minded to repair the house of the Lord,<\/strong> to renew and replace all those parts and sections which showed signs of decay, or which had been ruined by the idolaters. <strong><\/p>\n<p>v. 5. And he gathered together the priests and the Levites and said to them, Go out unto the cities of Judah, and gather of all Israel,<\/strong> of all those who belonged to the true Israel, who still professed their belief in Jehovah, <strong> money to repair the house of your God from year to year, and see that ye hasten the matter. <\/strong> Things were in such a condition that haste was required. <strong> Howbeit, the Levites hastened it not,<\/strong> the collecting of the Temple tax was not a task that appealed to them. <strong><\/p>\n<p>v. 6. And the king called for Jehoiada, the chief, and said unto him, Why hast thou not required of the Levites to bring in out of Judah and out of Jerusalem the collection,<\/strong> the tax, or assessment, <strong> according to the commandment of Moses, the servant of the Lord,<\/strong> <span class='bible'>Exo 30:12-16<\/span>, <strong> and of the congregation of Israel, for the Tabernacle of Witness?<\/strong> for it was for this tent and its service that the assessment had originally been levied. <strong><\/p>\n<p>v. 7. For the sons of Athaliah, that wicked woman,<\/strong> the notorious idolater, the worshiper of Baal and Astarte, <strong> had broken up the house of God,<\/strong> doing considerable damage in parts of the buildings; <strong> and also all the dedicated things of the house of the Lord did they bestow upon Baalim,<\/strong> profaning the gold and silver vessels consecrated to Jehovah by using them for their idolatrous worship. <strong><\/p>\n<p>v. 8. And at the king&#8217;s commandment they,<\/strong> the Levites, <strong> made a chest and set it without at the gate of the house of the Lord,<\/strong> evidently at the entrance to the Court of the Priests, where it was accessible to all members of the Jewish Church. <strong><\/p>\n<p>v. 9. And they made a proclamation through Judah and Jerusalem to bring in to the Lord the collection that Moses, the servant of God, laid upon Israel in the wilderness,<\/strong> the half-shekel Sanctuary money which all adults were required to pay every year. <strong><\/p>\n<p>v. 10. And all the princes and all the people rejoiced, and brought in, and cast into the chest until they had made an end,<\/strong> either until all members of the nation had paid, or until the chest was full to the top. <strong><\/p>\n<p>v. 11. Now it came to pass that at what time the chest was brought unto the king&#8217;s office by the hand of the Levites, and when they saw that there was much money, the king&#8217;s scribe,<\/strong> his secretary, <strong> and the high priest&#8217;s officer,<\/strong> his personal representative, <strong> came and emptied the chest, and took it, and carried it to his place again. Thus they did day by day,<\/strong> every day that it was necessary, whenever the chest was full, <strong> and gathered money in abundance. <\/p>\n<p>v. 12. And the king and Jehoiada gave it to such as did the work of the service of the house of the Lord,<\/strong> those in charge of the repair work in the Temple, <strong> and hired masons and carpenters to repair the house of the Lord, and also such as wrought iron and brass to mend the house of the Lord,<\/strong> wherever the metal work required renewing. <strong><\/p>\n<p>v. 13. So the workmen wrought, and the work was perfected by them,<\/strong> literally, &#8220;and there was completed the healing,&#8221; that is, they finished all the repairs; <strong> and they set the house of God in his state, and strengthened it. <\/p>\n<p>v. 14. And when they had finished it, they brought the rest of the money before the king and Jehoiada, whereof were made vessels for the house of the Lord,<\/strong> such as were used in the Temple worship, <strong> even vessels to minister and to offer withal,<\/strong> altar vessels, <strong> and spoons,<\/strong> cuplike vessels for incense, <strong> and vessels of gold and silver,<\/strong> as it became necessary to replace the old and worn-out ones. <strong> And they offered burnt offerings in the house of the Lord continually all the days of Jehoiada,<\/strong> under his direction the entire worship was conducted in the legal manner, as prescribed by the Lord. It is well-pleasing to God if believers serve Him with their gifts and sacrifices, with their money and possessions, if they aid in the spreading of the Word. At the same time the teachers of the Church ought to lead the way and admonish the members of the Church, in order that the sacred work may not suffer for want of interest. <\/p>\n<h4 align='right'><i><b>Fuente: The Popular Commentary on the Bible by Kretzmann<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n<p><strong>EXPOSITION<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>This chapter contains the entire career of Joash, and is answered to by the twelfth chapter of Kings. It tells of Joash&#8217;s fidelity to God, and his worship and temple, while Jehoiada&#8217;s life lasted (<span class='bible'>2Ch 24:1-14<\/span>); of his departure from God and permission of idolatry afterwards (<span class='bible'>2Ch 24:15-22<\/span>); of the punishment he received at the hands of the Syrians (<span class='bible'>2Ch 24:23<\/span>, <span class='bible'>2Ch 24:24<\/span>); and of his miserable end (<span class='bible'>2Ch 24:25-27<\/span>). The differences between our chapter and the parallel, in respect of what it both omits and supplies, are much larger than usual, and are very interesting and suggestive in the character of them. These points will be marked particularly in the<strong> <\/strong>notes underneath as they occur.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span class='bible'>2Ch 24:1<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>His mother&#8217;s name  Zibiah of Beersheba. <\/strong>We do not read, in the brief account of Ahaziah, Joash&#8217;s father, whom he married. Nothing is as yet known of <em>Zibiah<\/em>, but there must be some significance underlying the mention of her name and native place, or known place of residence. The references <span class='bible'>Amo 5:5<\/span> and <span class='bible'>Amo 8:14<\/span> may possibly contain the clue, in holding up Beersheba as the most idolatrous of idolatrous places. Beersheba offers another reference of unhappy associations (<span class='bible'>1Sa 8:2<\/span>). As a terminus of the land, &#8220;Dan to Beersheba&#8221; (<span class='bible'>Jdg 20:1<\/span>; <span class='bible'>2Sa 24:2<\/span>; <span class='bible'>1Ch 21:2<\/span>); as a terminus of the divided Judah, &#8220;Beersheba to Mount Ephraim&#8221; (<span class='bible'>2Ch 19:4<\/span>), &#8220;Geba to Beersheba&#8221; (<span class='bible'>2Ki 23:8<\/span>); and as a terminus of this Judah yet reduced after the Captivity, &#8220;Beersheba to the valley of Hinnom&#8221; (<span class='bible'>Neh 11:30<\/span>); its mention is notorious. The references <span class='bible'>Gen 21:31<\/span> and <span class='bible'>Gen 26:18<\/span>, <span class='bible'>Gen 26:31-33<\/span> are full of interest, as bearing on the way in which the spot is first known in Bible history.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span class='bible'>2Ch 24:2<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>All the days of Jehoiada<\/strong>. Of the &#8220;forty years&#8221; mentioned in the former verse, these &#8220;days of Jehoiada&#8221; will cover, some, at any rate, say, two years more than &#8220;twenty-two years;&#8221; for compare our <span class='bible'>2Ch 24:6<\/span>, <span class='bible'>2Ch 24:12-15<\/span> with the parallel, 2Ki 12:6, <span class='bible'>2Ki 12:7<\/span>, <span class='bible'>2Ki 12:9<\/span>, noting the thenceforward silence there respecting Jehoiada, and even making ample allowance for it.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span class='bible'>2Ch 24:3<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>That special note is made of Jehoiada&#8217;s selecting of the wives may at any rate point to the suggestion that he was all a father to Joash, and both for his own sake and the kingdom&#8217;s sake anxious as to the character of the women by whom a new kingly seed should take rise in place of that destroyed by Athaliah (<span class='bible'>2Ch 22:10<\/span>). Our <span class='bible'>2Ch 25:1<\/span> leaves it probable that &#8220;Jehoaden of Jerusalem&#8221; was one of these, though it is likely enough that Joash married, whether her or some one else, <em>before <\/em>he had reached the age of twenty-one. It is also quite likely that we may read between the lines, that in selecting <em>two <\/em>wives for his young and loved ward, Jehoiada hoped and prayed that Joash might not fall by sin like Solomon&#8217;s (<span class='bible'>1Ki 11:3<\/span>) and that of others of the kings of both Judah and Israel.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span class='bible'>2Ch 24:4<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>To repair<\/strong>. The idea of this verb () is that of making new.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span class='bible'>2Ch 24:5<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>To repair<\/strong>. The idea of this verb () is that of <em>making strong. <\/em><strong>From year to year<\/strong>. The compound adverbial expression , here used for &#8220;from,&#8221; era-braces the idea of&#8221; unfailingly from year to year.&#8221; The command given here to the priests and Levites is expressed very differently, though in no degree contadictorily, in the parallel (see its <span class='bible'>2Ch 24:4<\/span>, <span class='bible'>2Ch 24:5<\/span>). The addition is there found, &#8220;every man of his acquaintance;&#8221; this expression may glance at the very supposable circumstance that the priest and Levite collecting deputations would naturally go respectively to the towns and cities where they had been located beforetime. A slight ambiguity is perhaps occasioned by the impression that the<strong> <\/strong>fourth verse (in the parallel) producesthat the priests and Levites should wait to <em>receive, e.g; <\/em>in Jerusalem. This, however, is ,sot what is <em>said, <\/em>and need not, therefore, be made into a difficulty. <strong>Howbeit the Levites hastened not.<\/strong> We are not told <em>why <\/em>this delay was, nor does the subsequent narrative seem to elucidate it, further than thisthat the delay somehow seemed to rest with Jehoiada, as the king appealed to him for explanation.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span class='bible'>2Ch 24:6<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Jehoiada the chief<\/strong>; so. <em>priest, <\/em>for comp. our <span class='bible'>2Ch 24:11<\/span>; <span class='bible'>2Ch 19:11<\/span>; <span class='bible'>2Ch 26:20<\/span>. In each of those instances the Hebrew text shows , and the Authorized Version &#8220;chief&#8221; except inconsistently in our <span class='bible'>2Ch 26:11<\/span>. Revised Version &#8220;chief&#8221; in all the instances. The name &#8220;priest&#8221; occurs just about six hundred and sixty-six times in the Old Testament, the title &#8220;high&#8221; or &#8220;chief priest&#8221; only about twenty-six times, the first occurrence being in Le <span class='bible'>2Ch 21:10<\/span>, the last <span class='bible'>Zec 6:11<\/span>; and both set forth by the Hebrew adjective , as also in fifteen other of the occurrences. Seven times the word  is the word employed, and the other two times. In these last two cases, however (<span class='bible'>Ezr 8:24<\/span>, <span class='bible'>Ezr 8:29<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Ezr 10:5<\/span>), it is not &#8220;high priests&#8221; nor &#8220;chief priests&#8221; that are perhaps even really intended, but the &#8220;princes&#8221; of the priests, or those who, for whatever reasons of personal characteristics, were <em>chief. <\/em><strong>Out of Judah and out of Jerusalem<\/strong>. The statement here is precise, that the call of money was to be made both in the cities of Judah and in the metropolis Jerusalem. <strong>The<\/strong> <strong>collection<\/strong>; Hebrew, ; Revised Version, better, <em>the tax of, etc. <\/em>Of this we read in <span class='bible'>Exo 30:13-15<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Exo 38:25<\/span>, <span class='bible'>Exo 38:26<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Num 1:30<\/span>. It was of the <em>uniform <\/em>amount of half a sanctuary shekel, for rich or poor, and was ordered to be set apart &#8220;for the service of the <em>tabernacle of the conregation,<\/em>&#8220;<em> <\/em>here called in the Authorized Version <strong>the tabernacle of witness<\/strong>; Revised Version, <em>the tent of the testimony. <\/em>Exodus has  for our . This source of money for the holy design of Joash is again most specifically stated in our verse 9. The version of this whole transaction seems rather confusing as given in the parallel, where verse 4 mentions three sources of money, without any quotation as such of the ordained tax of Moses, which was apparently the first of those three, and where verse 8, at first blush at any rate, might seem to imply <em>recusant <\/em>priests. The meaning, however, is probably the contrary, the verse purporting that the priests consented to forego what they had been accustomed on receiving to apply to some personal or current-funds purpose, and who consented to forego the superintending of the outlay of the money on. the repairing, that it might be done with more expedition by &#8220;scribe&#8221; and high priest&#8221; (verse 10; comp. verse 16; both of the parallel). All these details the writer of Chronicles passes over, only pursuing the essential business, Joash&#8217;s pious resolve, the delay in its execution, and how he finally overcame the obstructive delay.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span class='bible'>2Ch 24:7<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>The sons of Athaliah<\/strong>. This verse&#8217;s testimony against Athaliah&#8217;s sons explains <span class='bible'>2Ch 21:17<\/span>, and is explained and corroborated by it. <strong>That wicked woman<\/strong>; Hebrew, ; fem. noun, derivative of ; meaning strictly in the abstract, &#8220;the wickedness,&#8221; equal to <em>that incarnation of wickedness. <\/em><strong>All the dedicated things<\/strong>;<em> i.e. <\/em>the holy vessels, treasure, and holy furniture of the house of the Lord, had they desecrated, and robbed&#8217; them thence to squander them on their various Baals (<span class='bible'>2Ch 17:3<\/span>).<\/p>\n<p><strong><span class='bible'>2Ch 24:8<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>A chest<\/strong>; Hebrew,  , &#8220;one chest.&#8221; This is more accurately described in <span class='bible'>2Ch 24:9<\/span> of the parallel. <strong>Without at the gate of<\/strong> <strong>the house of the Lord;<\/strong><em> i.e. <\/em>in the court opposite the porch, and, as we learn from the parallel, by the side of the altar of burnt offering. Now, not the priests generally, but simply those who kept the door (probably the north door, Eze 11:1-25 :35), receiving the contributions of the people at their hands, into their own hands deposited them in the <em>one chest.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong><span class='bible'>2Ch 24:9<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>(See notes on <span class='bible'>2Ch 24:6<\/span>.)<\/p>\n<p><strong><span class='bible'>2Ch 24:10<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Until they had made an<\/strong> <strong>end; <\/strong>Hebrew, , piel infin. The meaning can scarcely be till <em>enough <\/em>was obtained, because <em>day after day, <\/em>as the next verso tells us, the chest was brought; but either till those who had come that day to give had all given in their contributions, or, as some think with much less probability, till the chest was full for the day. At the same time, the clause, occupying only one word in the original, may quite possibly purport to state summarily by anticipation that the same system was observed to the end, and the method of the chest not departed from.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span class='bible'>2Ch 24:11<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Unto the king&#8217;s office. <\/strong>Not &#8220;office&#8221; in the modern technical business sense; the meaning is the care, charge, or custody of the king, the Hebrew word being ; nor does this necessitate the supposition of the <em>personal<\/em> care of the king. The body of this verse leaves it quite open to possibility, in harmony with the usage of the Hebrew language and its idiom, that the process described took place, if necessary, more than once in a day, and, on the other hand, <em>not <\/em>necessarily every evening. The change of the number of the verb in &#8220;they emptied,&#8221; etc; and the apparent statement that those who <em>emptied <\/em>also <em>carried back <\/em>the chest, betoken that while <strong>the king&#8217;s<\/strong> <strong>scribe <\/strong>(<span class='bible'>1Ki 4:3<\/span>) <strong>and the high priest&#8217;s officer<\/strong> stood by, the usual Levite functionaries did the work. The phrase, <strong>day by day<\/strong>, is not necessarily equivalent to <em>every evening, <\/em>but to <em>time after time.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong><span class='bible'>2Ch 24:12<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Gave it to such as did the work of the service<\/strong>;<em> i.e. <\/em>the persons responsible for the work, or &#8220;that had the oversight of it&#8221; (<span class='bible'>2Ki 12:11<\/span>). <strong>Carpenters<\/strong>. It is preferable to render here literally <em>workmen <\/em>or <em>workers. <\/em>Probably this clause purports that those <em>responsible, as <\/em>above, hired masons <em>and workmen. <\/em><strong>And also such as wrought. <\/strong>Supply the preposition found in the Hebrew text, &#8220;to&#8221; before &#8220;such,&#8221; and render again the same word () literally, <em>workers of iron and brass.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong><span class='bible'>2Ch 24:13<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>The work was<\/strong> <strong>perfected by their hands. <\/strong>The margin gives the literal rendering, &#8220;healing&#8221; or health, or,<em> i.e; <\/em>recovery, &#8220;went up upon the work.&#8221; The lively figure of the Hebrew word used () is very intelligible. The term is employed in only five other places, viz. <span class='bible'>Neh 4:7<\/span> (Authorized Version, &#8220;The walls were <em>made up;<\/em>&#8220;<em> <\/em>Revised Version better, The <em>repairing of the walls went forward<\/em>)<em>; <\/em><span class='bible'>Isa 58:8<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Jer 8:22<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Jer 30:17<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Jer 33:6<\/span>; in each of which four instances, in both Authorized Version and Revised Version, the literal rendering &#8220;<em>health<\/em>&#8220;<em> <\/em>or &#8220;<em>healing<\/em>&#8220;<em> <\/em>is found. <strong>In his state<\/strong>; equivalent to <em>in its stateliness, <\/em>perhaps the idea of the Hebrew word  [only used four other times, and then rendered once &#8220;tale&#8221; (<span class='bible'>Exo 5:8<\/span>), twice &#8220;composition&#8221; (2Ch 30:1-27 :32, 37), once &#8220;measure&#8221; (<span class='bible'>Eze 45:11<\/span>)], being <em>measure, <\/em>or <em>proportion, <\/em>or <em>rate.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong><span class='bible'>2Ch 24:14<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>And to offer<\/strong> withal. The insertion of the italic type in the Authorized Version &#8220;withal&#8221; unnecessarily helps suggest uncertainty in this rendering, while the Revised Version gives that word in the ordinary type; margin, both Authorized Version and Revised Version, gives &#8220;pestles.&#8221; The Hebrew word is () the hiph. turin, of the familiar verb  or plural of  with article prefixed; this word, however, seems to occur only once (<span class='bible'>Pro 27:22<\/span>), and then in the singular number. <strong>The rest <\/strong>of <strong>the money  made vessels for<\/strong> <strong>the house of<\/strong> <strong>the Lord<\/strong>. This passage may harmonize not unsatisfactorily with the parallel (<span class='bible'>2Ki 12:13<\/span>), and on the very suggestion of <strong>the <\/strong>circumstantial evidence that arises from the place in which the information of our own text is found, by laying emphasis on the expression,.&#8221;<em>the rest <\/em>of the money.&#8221; The writer of Kings meant that nothing interfered with, nothing whatsoever ran even with the execution of the substantial work of reparation of the building, and he neglects to record that <em>finally <\/em>a remanet of money being available, vessels <em>were <\/em>made of it for the inner furnishing of the house.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span class='bible'>2Ch 24:15<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>But Jehoiada  died; an hundred and thirty years old<\/strong>. This good man, husband of Jehoram&#8217;s daughter (<span class='bible'>2Ch 22:11<\/span>), only comes to view in virtue of what his wife did, and what he did,; on behalf of Joash the infant and Joash the king for the good of the nation or kingdom of Judah. We seem to know too little of him, and the parallel supplies considerably less than our text in Chronicles. His age, as stated in this verse when he died, seems very improbable, and for a very clear and admirable putting of the case, see Lord Arthur C. Hervey&#8217;s article in Dr. Smith&#8217;s &#8216;Bible Dictionary,&#8217; 1.944. There is, however, no manifest or even suspicious symptom of corruptness in the text just here, supported as it is by the Septuagint and Josephus, by the stress laid on his old age, whether it showed a hundred and thirty years, or thirty years or fifty years (as have been variously suggested) fewer; the little fact, otherwise looking very significant, that the expression, <strong>full of days<\/strong>, is used beside only of Abraham, Isaac, Job, and <em>David, <\/em>loses its pertinence in that very circumstance that it <em>is<\/em> used of David, whose age was in no way extreme. The age of the other three, however, exceeded this reputed age given to Jehoiada!<\/p>\n<p><strong><span class='bible'>2Ch 24:16<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The honour done Jehoiada well belonged to him, not only for his goodness, his greatness, his practical services to the kingdom, but for the fact that those practical services had entailed the necessity of his standing <em>in loco regis <\/em>for some time. His royal alliance with Jeheram&#8217;s daughter, and, if it were so, his extreme patriarchal age, may all have contributed to the honour now put upon him. Little stress can be laid, however, upon this last consideration, failing any other allusion to it, or any emphasized statement of what we have in our <span class='bible'>2Ch 24:15<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span class='bible'>2Ch 24:17<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>The princes<\/strong>. These turned aside from the better part they had performed (<span class='bible'>2Ch 23:13<\/span>, <span class='bible'>2Ch 23:20<\/span>). <strong>Made obeisance<\/strong>; Hebrew, . This is the word that is used of the sheaves of the brethren of Joseph bowing down, according to his dream, to his sheaf; it is also the repeatedly used word of the worship paid to Jehovah the true God, and to idols and false gods. The word occurs nearly two hundred times. The <em>obeisance <\/em>of these princes, therefore, on this occasion lacked nothing of the most pronounced character, and the worst species of flattery gained its disastrous ends. Joash must have been now about thirty-six years of age; he was seven years old when he began to reign, he had reigned twenty-three years before the restoring of the temple (<span class='bible'>2Ki 12:6<\/span>), and a few years had elapsed since. The words of the princes, to which Joash <strong>hearkened<\/strong>, are not supplied by the parallel, which indeed at once proceeds to speak of the threatening attitude of the Syrian king Hazael, and of how Joash bought him off. Our next verse, however, shows to what end those words tended.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span class='bible'>2Ch 24:18<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Served groves<\/strong>; Revised Version, <em>the Asherim, <\/em>correctly (see note, <span class='bible'>2Ch 14:3<\/span>). <strong>For this their trespass<\/strong>. Comparing the emphatic language of <span class='bible'>2Ch 24:23<\/span>,&#8221; destroyed all the princes of the people <em>from among the people,<\/em>&#8220;<em> <\/em>we may conclude that stress is to be laid on the pronoun &#8220;their&#8221; in the present verse. The worship of the true God was not left by the whole people, and we are not told it was by the king; but (very probably through want of moral courage) he incurred the severest sort of blame, and was without even the excuse of strong personal temptation.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span class='bible'>2Ch 24:19<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Prophets<\/strong>. The name of only one, Zechariah, as in next verse, is given (see by the side of this verse the emphatic and touching language of <span class='bible'>2Ch 36:14-16<\/span>).<\/p>\n<p><strong><span class='bible'>2Ch 24:20<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Came upon<\/strong>; margin, <em>clothed; <\/em>Revised Version margin, <em>clothed itself with <\/em>(<span class='bible'>1Ch 12:18<\/span>). Compare the beautiful expression of <span class='bible'>Rev 1:10<\/span>, ,I was in the Spirit;&#8221; it was not merely that the Spirit deigned to visit St. John in Patmos, but so <em>possessed <\/em>him that <em>he <\/em>was in the <em>Spirit. <\/em><strong>The son of Jehoiada<\/strong>;<em> i.e. <\/em>very possibly <em>grandson<\/em> of Jehoiada (Jehoiada&#8217;s great age the rather countenancing this interpretation) and &#8220;<em>son of <\/em>Barachias&#8221; (<span class='bible'>Mat 23:35<\/span>). <strong>That<\/strong> <strong>ye cannot prosper<\/strong>. The Hebrew text says, &#8220;and ye will not prosper.&#8221; This clause may read all the more forcibly if kept under the dominance of the <strong>why<\/strong> of the former, reminding us of such appeals as &#8220;Why will ye die?&#8221; etc. (<span class='bible'>2Ch 15:2<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Deu 18:1-22<\/span>, throughout). Reading these two clauses in the preterite or present tense will make them neither less forcible nor less correct, so indicating that they, the princes and the nation, were already beginning to eat the fruit of their ways, and &#8220;rumours of war,&#8221; if not war itself, were on them.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span class='bible'>2Ch 24:21<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Stoned him<\/strong>. Yet this was their Law&#8217;s punishment for <em>themselves, <\/em>for idolaters (Le <span class='bible'>2Ch 20:2<\/span>). At the commandment of the<strong> <\/strong>king. The king, who had yielded to the flattering obeisance and worship of the princes, is now driven on a grievous length further. <strong>In the court of the house of the Lord<\/strong>. So <span class='bible'>Mat 23:35<\/span>, &#8220;between the temple [Revised Version, &#8216;sanctuary&#8217;] and the altar.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><strong><span class='bible'>2Ch 24:22<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Remembered not the kindness<\/strong> (<span class='bible'>Gen 40:23<\/span>). <strong>The Lord look upon it, and require it<\/strong>. So, too, the Revised Version, which also, according to its custom, removes the italic type from the two neuter pronouns &#8220;it.&#8221; But probabaly a better and correcter rendering is, &#8220;The Lord will see and will require&#8221; (for it is not necessary to regard this as a prayer of Zechariah); and thus bring it into comparison with those divinest prayers of the Saviour and of St. Stephen. The words on dying Zechariah&#8217;s lips were perhaps rather the vivid reminiscence of his own well-versed knowledge of the Law, or &#8220;the Scriptures&#8221; (<span class='bible'>Gen 9:5<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Gen 42:22<\/span>). The sentence of the dying priest and prophet in one, is, by the writer of Chronicles at any rate, directed in its fall with fearful straightness to the door of <strong>Joash the king<\/strong> himself. Remarkable as is the absence of the matter of this and the five preceding verses from the parallel, it will not escape notice how it is implied in verses 17,18 there, while the <em>inclusion <\/em>of it here is again in patent harmony with the great object of the writer.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span class='bible'>2Ch 24:23<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>At the end of the year<\/strong>; Hebrew, ; margin, both of the Authorized Version and the Revised Version, <em>revolution. <\/em>The word is found three other times, <span class='bible'>Exo 34:22<\/span>; <span class='bible'>1Sa 1:20<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Psa 19:7<\/span>. The versions, of course, express correctly what is meant, but probably the season of spring is also conveyed (<span class='bible'>2Sa 11:1<\/span>; <span class='bible'>1Ch 20:1<\/span>). <strong>The<\/strong> <strong>host of Syria<\/strong>. Their king was Hazael (<span class='bible'>2Ki 12:17<\/span>), whether actually with them is perhaps not certain, but the last clause in the verse just quoted would seem to convey that impression. He was King of <em>Damascus <\/em>(Aram, or Syria), and having already temporarily mastered Israel (<span class='bible'>2Ki 13:3<\/span>, <span class='bible'>2Ki 13:4<\/span>, <span class='bible'>2Ki 13:22<\/span>), the way was paved to Gath (<span class='bible'>2Ch 11:8<\/span>; <span class='bible'>2Ch 17:11<\/span>), whence wistful eyes were bent on Jerusalem, nearly thirty miles distant thence. <strong>Destroyed all the princes of the people<\/strong>;<em> i.e.<\/em> as in the next verse. <strong>And sent all the spoil<\/strong>. Whether intended so here or not, probably the strict subject of the verb in this clause is Joash and his counsellors, in their frightand just frighthelpless after the slaughter chronicled in our following verse, bribing off Hazael and his host, as in parallel. The suggestion is most plausible that tidings of Zechariah&#8217;s martyrdom and of the occasion of it were the very incentive to Hazael&#8217;s incursion, and an illustration of the &#8220;means&#8221; by which God works, and by which he wrought his purpose in this instance. <strong>The spoil of them<\/strong>. If this means only the spoil of the defeated army strictly, then our text gives no trace of the contents of verse 18 in parallel just alluded to; but the frequent dislocation incident to copied extracts and matter borrowed from original sources, and so often evidenced in the present history, when we have been comparing the two derived accounts to which we are indebted for it, incline us to the above view, as one quite open at any rate to possibility.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span class='bible'>2Ch 24:24<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Came with a small company  the Lord delivered<\/strong> <strong>a very great host <\/strong>(so Le <span class='bible'>2Ch 26:8<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Deu 28:25<\/span>, etc.). <strong>So they executed judgment against Joash<\/strong>. The Hebrew says literally, &#8220;and on Joash they executed judgments.&#8221; What the judgments were we do not read, but surely it is probable that they are glanced at in the next verse, &#8220;For they left him in great [or, &#8216;many&#8217;] diseases,&#8221; or perhaps &#8220;in great illness&#8221; (<span class='bible'>2Ch 21:15<\/span>).<\/p>\n<p><strong><span class='bible'>2Ch 24:25<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>They left him in great diseases<\/strong>. See note above, and observe further that this parenthetic clause, as treated in both Authorized Version and Revised Version, prepares the way for what follows, and especially for the fact that it was <strong>on his bed that they slew him<\/strong>. Render thus, <em>And after they had betaken themselves away, whereas they left him sorely ill, his own servants conspired <\/em> <em>and slew him in his <\/em>bed. <strong>His own servants<\/strong>. These had the opportunity the rather at hand, in that he was so ill and in bed. That he died by the conspiring together of a couple of servants, whose foreign and heathen maternity is particularly recorded, was the more ignominious end for him, who had commanded Zechariah to be openly stoneda death highly honourable in comparison. The parallel (<span class='bible'>2Ki 12:20<\/span>) adds that it was in &#8220;the house of Mille, which goeth down to Silla&#8221; (for the explanation of which passage, see note <em>ad loc.<\/em>)<em>, <\/em>that the servants&#8217; conspiracy to kill Joash took effect. The sons of Jehoiada. We know of only one son, Zechariah; there may have been other sons, or other lineal relations of Jehoiada may be covered by the word &#8220;sons.&#8221; We are not obliged to interpret the avenging act of the servants as one to which their own pious and patriotic zeal led them, which, considering their maternal pedigree, is perhaps something unlikely, though of course not impossible, but one to which they were incited by the retributive providence of him who held their hearts also in his hand. In a word, it was a deed done for the <em>bleedrequired <\/em>(see note and references under verse 22). <strong>Not in the sepulchres of the kings<\/strong>. See note on verse 16, and references there quoted; as also the ambiguous expression of the parallel (verse 21), &#8220;They <em>buried him with his fathers in <\/em>the city of David.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><strong><span class='bible'>2Ch 24:26<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Zabad<\/strong>. The name <em>Jozachar <\/em>of the parallel is probably the correct word, and a copyist&#8217;s corruption may with some plausibility be argued as the cause of the<strong> <\/strong>form <em>Zabad in <\/em>our text. The parallel omits<strong> <\/strong>the names of the mothers&#8217; nationality. Shimrith. The parallel has <em>Shomer<\/em>, probably an Hebraized form of the Moabitish name of our text.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span class='bible'>2Ch 24:27<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>His sons<\/strong>. We only know of one, Amaziah, his successor. <strong>The burdens<\/strong> laid upon him. Some explain this expression of the tribute and bribe Joash had to pay Hazael; others of <em>prophetic <\/em>&#8220;burdens&#8221; uttered against him; and others (much favoured by the position of the clause just before <strong>the repairing of the house<\/strong>, etc.) of the task which he had so voluntarily undertaken, the money-raising and all (<span class='bible'>Eze 24:25<\/span>; comp. our <span class='bible'>Eze 24:6<\/span>, <span class='bible'>Eze 24:9<\/span>, <span class='bible'>Eze 24:11<\/span>). The <em>repairing; <\/em>Hebrew, . Render, with the Revised Version, <em>the rebuilding. <\/em><strong>The story<\/strong> <strong>of the book of the kings<\/strong>. The Revised Version renders the Hebrew text ( ) &#8220;the commentary of the book of the kings,&#8221; probably to be followed by the words, &#8220;of <em>Judah;<\/em>&#8220;<em> <\/em>the parallel has &#8220;the book of the Chronicles [  ] of the kings of Judah&#8221;. The word rendered &#8220;story&#8221; or &#8220;commentary&#8221; in our text is employed only once beside (<span class='bible'>2Ch 13:22<\/span>). Its verbal root, however, is found about a hundred and sixty-two times, invariably in the sense of inquiring, and almost invariably rendered in the Authorized Version by the word &#8220;inquire,&#8221; or &#8220;seek;&#8221; so that perhaps the word &#8220;study&#8221; or &#8220;pursuit&#8221; might, idioms being allowed for, be the nearer rendering. It is rabbinic literature mostly that has determined the preference for the word &#8220;commentary.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><strong>HOMILETICS<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span class='bible'>2Ch 24:1-27<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>The sad and strange unreliableness of human disposition and life here.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>One of the strangest of all the sadnesses of human life is the uncertainty and unreliableness of human disposition, which it is so constantly exposing to view. Not only has the fairest promise vanished (like the sun of many a morning) long before the character could be <em>supposed <\/em>to be firm or even fairly formed, but after the period justly esteemed critical has passed, after fruit has set, and even after some fruit has been gathered ripe, alas for the failures and falls, the disappointments and distressing desolation, which have laid waste the scene! The turn in the life of Joash, with his miserable end, of which this chapter bears record, is a very distinct and typical instance of what has been and is still <em>often. <\/em>And in reading the present chapter, we are forcibly reminded of the apostle&#8217;s language &#8220;All these things were written for our admonition.&#8221; We cannot afford to regard the contents of this chapter as of merely historic interest; they are of terrible though kindly import for modern life and all life. In connection with this thought, the following points may be picked out in the matter of the present history. The life which thus in its afternoon, let us say, turned aside to evil, was<\/p>\n<p><strong>I.<\/strong> <strong>ONE<\/strong> <strong>WHICH<\/strong> <strong>HAD<\/strong> <strong>BEEN<\/strong>, <strong>IN<\/strong> <strong>THE<\/strong> <strong>VERY<\/strong> <strong>INCEPTION<\/strong>, <strong>NURSING<\/strong>, <strong>AND<\/strong> <strong>FIRST<\/strong> <strong>REARING<\/strong> <strong>OF<\/strong> <strong>IT<\/strong>, <strong>ALMOST<\/strong> <strong>MIRACULOUSLY<\/strong> <strong>SAVED<\/strong> <strong>AND<\/strong> <strong>GUARDED<\/strong><strong>THE<\/strong> <strong>VERY<\/strong> <strong>CREATURE<\/strong> <strong>OF<\/strong> <strong>PROVIDENCE<\/strong>, <strong>THE<\/strong> <strong>CHILD<\/strong> <strong>OF<\/strong> <strong>DIVINE<\/strong> <strong>CARE<\/strong> <strong>AND<\/strong> <strong>WATCHFUL<\/strong> <strong>LOVE<\/strong>. Many an analogy really every whit as strong and impressive may be found and instanced by the practical preacher here; also cases which may be well within the knowledge of the parish or the country.<\/p>\n<p><strong>II.<\/strong> <strong>ONE<\/strong> <strong>THE<\/strong> <strong>RIGHT<\/strong> <strong>BEGINNING<\/strong> <strong>OF<\/strong> <strong>WHICH<\/strong> <strong>WAS<\/strong> <strong>CONSPICUOUS<\/strong> <strong>BOTH<\/strong> <strong>FOR<\/strong> <strong>THE<\/strong> <strong>GREATNESS<\/strong> <strong>AND<\/strong> <strong>THE<\/strong> <strong>WORTHINESS<\/strong> <strong>OF<\/strong> <strong>ITS<\/strong> <strong>ZEAL<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>III.<\/strong> <strong>ONE<\/strong> <strong>WHICH<\/strong> <strong>HAD<\/strong> <strong>ENJOYED<\/strong> <strong>THE<\/strong> <strong>SUSTAINING<\/strong> <strong>HELP<\/strong> <strong>OF<\/strong> <strong>THE<\/strong> <strong>BEST<\/strong> <strong>AND<\/strong> <strong>MOST<\/strong> <strong>FAITHFUL<\/strong> <strong>OF<\/strong> <strong>FRIENDS<\/strong>. These friends had been of the kind that well remind us of the psalm of Joash&#8217;s ancestor; for his &#8220;father and mother had indeed forsaken him,&#8221; when &#8220;the Lord took him up,&#8221; in the persons of. the. priest and. his wife. All. the incalculable advantages of the best of early associations and religious prepossessions had been the happy portion of Joash, nowwhen every recollection and reminiscence should have been gilding itself with fresh sacrednessto be flung away to the winds, as though they were presences to the mind as much to be dreaded as in fact they were worthy to be cherished.<\/p>\n<p><strong>IV.<\/strong> <strong>ONE<\/strong> <strong>THE<\/strong> <strong>WRENCH<\/strong> <strong>OF<\/strong> <strong>WHICH<\/strong> <strong>WITH<\/strong> <strong>THE<\/strong> <strong>PAST<\/strong> <strong>WAS<\/strong> <strong>SURPRISINGLY<\/strong> <strong>VIOLENT<\/strong> <strong>AND<\/strong> <strong>ABSOLUTE<\/strong>; <strong>AND<\/strong> <strong>ITS<\/strong> <strong>MOTIVE<\/strong> <strong>AS<\/strong> <strong>SURPRISINGLY<\/strong> <strong>UNJUSTIFYING<\/strong> <strong>OF<\/strong> <strong>IT<\/strong>. This apparently absolute reversal of what had hitherto seemed character and goodness was above all witnessed to by one central blackest blot in the conduct of Joash. Guiltily did he forget the debt his own very pulse and beating heart owed to the preservers of his life, when he commanded that Zechariah, the son of their love, be stoned to death for his righteous remonstrance and warning. <em>His<\/em> dying words, &#8220;The Lord look upon it, and require it,&#8221; no doubt did not mark the spirit of unforgivingness; they <em>did <\/em>mark, and justly, the turpitude of the sin which was bound to &#8220;find out&#8217; the perpetrator of it! And then the <em>motif <\/em>of the conduct of Joash! It is written in verse 17. The brief suppressed language, which does there write it, tells the more significantly of its dishonourableness and despicableness, only fit to shun the eye of day! And the warnings of the Lord God of the fathers of Joash and his people, are so touchingly expressed, especially in verse 19! These preclude the possibility of our deducting anything of blame from Joash, on the ground of his being taken unawares, or surprised by some sudden gust of temptation. This <em>type <\/em>of thing has indeed numbered its <em>antitypes, <\/em>times <em>without <\/em>number; but was it not thus forcibly delineated, deeply graven or etched, that whoso should have eyes to see might see, and ears to hear might hear?<\/p>\n<p><strong>V.<\/strong> <strong>ONE<\/strong> <strong>THE<\/strong> <strong>END<\/strong> <strong>OF<\/strong> <strong>WHICH<\/strong> <strong>REVEALED<\/strong> <strong>MOST<\/strong> <strong>FEARFULLY<\/strong> <strong>ALIKE<\/strong> <strong>THE<\/strong> <strong>REVULSION<\/strong> <strong>OF<\/strong> <strong>MAN<\/strong> <strong>AND<\/strong> <strong>THE<\/strong> <strong>SOLEMN<\/strong> <strong>RETRIBUTION<\/strong> <strong>OF<\/strong> <strong>GOD<\/strong>. With what smitten wonder our awed thought follows unwittingly, but trembles to essay to track the ways of God&#8217;s <em>hidden <\/em>judgment, when the account of this present life is once summed up,hidden <em>because <\/em>that account <em>is <\/em>summed up! What solemn need for <em>every <\/em>man to watch and pray; to walk humbly; to take heed how he stands; and to remember the warnings of those of whom <em>this <\/em>is the record, that they &#8220;did run well&#8221;!<\/p>\n<p><strong>HOMILIES BY W. CLARKSON<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span class='bible'>2Ch 24:1<\/span><\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong><span class='bible'>2Ch 24:2<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Moral weakness.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The extremely interesting circumstances under which Joash came to the throne (<span class='bible'>2Ch 23:1-21<\/span>.) make us wish that there was something satisfactory to record of him when he sat upon it. Unfortunately, it is not so. One work in particular he wrought (see next homily) for which he deserves honour, but his character stands before us as that of an essentially weak man. He did what was right all the days of Jehoiada, but no longer. He allowed one man, to whom he was much indebted, to influence him aright; so far he did well. That, however, is not saying very much, for it would have been ingratitude indeed, of the deepest dye, if he had not been guided by those who first saved his life, and then, as the greatest risk to themselves, seated him upon the throne of his fathers. But goodness that goes no deeper than that is essentially weak; the worth that has to be propped up by a human hand, and that falls to the ground when the sustaining hand is withdrawn, is of small account. It has taken no root; it will have no length of life; it will bring forth no flowers and fruits. Moral weakness is<\/p>\n<p><strong>I.<\/strong> <strong>DISREGARDED<\/strong> <strong>OF<\/strong> <strong>GOD<\/strong> <strong>AND<\/strong> <strong>MAN<\/strong>. For such men as Joash the prophet of the Lord has no word of general commendation, though he has words of rebuke to utter (<span class='bible'>2Ch 24:19<\/span>, <span class='bible'>2Ch 24:20<\/span>). With them God &#8220;is not well pleased.&#8221; And man is also and equally dissatisfied. Men that are wrong and strong will find their advocates; indeed, they find all too many to honour and praise them, both while they live and when they are departed. But men that are good and weak find none to admire them. They may start, as Joash apparently did, with fair intentions and blameless desires, but they have no force of character, and being &#8220;driven with the wind and tossed,&#8221; carried about hither and thither according to the passing breeze, they are the object of disregard, if not of positive contempt. There is nothing honourable or admirable in them.<\/p>\n<p><strong>II.<\/strong> <strong>FRUITLESS<\/strong> <strong>OF<\/strong> <strong>ANY<\/strong> <strong>POSITIVE<\/strong> <strong>GOOD<\/strong>. Such men as Joash may do some good during one half of their life, or at different parts of their life; but the good they then do is counterbalanced by the harm they work during the other half or on other occasions; and no one can say which prevails over the other. The measure of many a man&#8217;s life-influence is a nice sum in spiritual subtraction; and when everything is known it will perhaps be found to be a &#8220;negative quantity.&#8221; It is a poor and a pitiful thing to see a man first building up and then pulling down; one day working with the people of God and the next associating with the enemies of true and pure religion; subscribing to a Christian charity and attending a demoralizing spectacle; pulling in contrary directions. What can such a man do? What witness can he bear, what work achieve, what contribution bring to the great end we should have in viewthe elevation of our kind? That will be represented by a cypheror something worse.<\/p>\n<p><strong>III.<\/strong> <strong>UNNECESSARY<\/strong>. It may indeed be said that this is a question of natural endowment, and rests with our Creator and not with ourselves; that men receive from him either strength and force of will or else pliancy of spirit, sensitiveness of soul and readiness to be affected by influences from outside. This is true, in part; but it is not the whole truth. We must not make our heavenly Father responsible for our short-comings. Moral weakness is a <em>defect of character. <\/em>It is the result of a wrong choice.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1<\/strong><em>. Let a man give himself, <\/em>as he should, <em>in full surrender <\/em>to the God whoso he is and whom he is most sacredly bound to serve, to that Divine Saviour who has bought him with the price of his own redeeming blood, and he will then be in the way of gaining single-heartedness and strength.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2<\/strong>. Let him be <em>regularly <\/em>and <em>repeatedly renewing <\/em>his act of self-dedication. Joash <em>did, <\/em>when he was a child, pledge himself to the service of Jehovah (<span class='bible'>2Ch 23:16<\/span>). But he was then too young to understand all that such a covenant meant. He should have continually renewed that solemn pledge. We have the amplest opportunities and invitations to reconsecrate ourselves to the service of Christ, and if we accept these, we shall retain our thorough loyalty to him, and then we shall not be moved and swayed, but be &#8220;steadfast and immovable.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><strong>3<\/strong>. <em>Let him<\/em> <em>gain strength from above. <\/em>There is an unfailing Divine resource on which all the good may draw. &#8220;When I am weak, then am I strong,&#8221; said Paul. For when he was most conscious of his own insufficiency, then he looked up for help to the &#8220;Lord of all power and might,&#8221; to him who can and will &#8220;strengthen us with strength in our soul,&#8221; who will &#8220;strengthen us with all might by his Spirit in the inner man,&#8221; who will make us strong<\/p>\n<p><strong>(1)<\/strong> to endure; <\/p>\n<p><strong>(2)<\/strong> to overcome; <\/p>\n<p><strong>(3)<\/strong> to bear witness; <\/p>\n<p><strong>(4)<\/strong> to labour in the holy fields of Christian work.C.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span class='bible'>2Ch 24:4-14<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Church renovation.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>We have an interesting description of a very old instance of<\/p>\n<p><strong>I.<\/strong> <strong>CHURCH<\/strong> <strong>RENOVATION<\/strong>. Here were all the elements that ordinarily occur.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1<\/strong>. <em>Dilapidation, <\/em>or the condition of being out of repair. In this case there had been profanation, deliberate injury, spoliation (<span class='bible'>2Ch 24:7<\/span>); but always there will be waste and decay even in &#8220;the house of the Lord.&#8221; The elements of nature do not spare the most sacred sanctuary.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2<\/strong>. An <em>energetic leader. <\/em>Joash signalized his otherwise ordinary career by taking this matter much to heart and taking it thoroughly in hand. He prompted Jehoiada himself; he incited the hesitating priests (<span class='bible'>2Ch 24:5-9<\/span>); he called forth the energy of the people themselves.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3<\/strong>. <em>Co-operation. <\/em>&#8220;All the princes and all the people rejoiced&#8221; when they were zealously engaged in the work, and the masons and the carpenters did their part regularly and faithfully (<span class='bible'>2Ki 12:15<\/span>).<\/p>\n<p><strong>4<\/strong>. <em>Liberality. <\/em>When the chest was made the people responded freely; they all &#8220;cast into it until they made an end,&#8221; until there was &#8220;much money,&#8221; &#8220;money in abundance.&#8221; When an appeal is made to the spontaneous liberality of Christian men, in a cause that is recognized to be good, there is usually a response. If under the Law there was this readiness to give, how much more should there be such forwardness and consecration of substance under the <em>more<\/em> <em>constraining influences <\/em>and for the\/at <em>higher privileges <\/em>of the gospel of Jesus Christ!<\/p>\n<p><strong>5<\/strong>. <em>Perseverance <\/em>under discouragement. The king charged the priests and Levites to &#8220;hasten the matter. Howbeit the Levites hastened it not&#8221; (<span class='bible'>2Ch 24:5<\/span>). But the enthusiastic king was not to be daunted; he would not let this slackness on the part of those who should have been eager and diligent constitute any serious stumbling-block. He used his ingenuity to devise other and more effective measures, and his determination prevailed, as it will prevail. If we allow a good work to be dropped because some of our coadjutors are found wanting, we shall do but little. A holy perseverance under discouragement is the condition of success. As with the leaders, so with those that follow; the workmen must patiently continue until the work is perfected. Then comes the crowning circumstance, viz.:<\/p>\n<p><strong>6<\/strong>. The use of <em>the building <\/em>for the worship of God (vet, 14). We pass on to that which is far more important<\/p>\n<p><strong>II.<\/strong> <strong>THE<\/strong> <strong>RENOVATION<\/strong> <strong>OF<\/strong> <strong>THE<\/strong> <strong>CHRISTIAN<\/strong> <strong>CAUSE<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1<\/strong>. It may be that the cause of Christ is quite &#8220;out of repair.&#8221; Some &#8220;sons of Athaliah&#8221; have come in and done devastating work. Where there was all that satisfied the observant eye of the Divine Lord, there is now a sad decline and decay; there is feebleness where there should be strength, barrenness where there used to be fruitfulness, poverty and paucity where there once was fulness. There are unsightly and blameworthy breaches in the walls. Then there arises in some heart:<\/p>\n<p><strong>2<\/strong>. A strong, compelling eagerness to repair. First it fills one heart, then it is communicated to another and another; finally it moves &#8220;all the people,&#8221; and they resolve that the flagging cause of Christ shall be revived.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3<\/strong>. Then they give themselves to<\/p>\n<p><strong>(1)<\/strong> penitence for past neglect; <\/p>\n<p><strong>(2)<\/strong> prayer for Divine inspiration and guidance; <\/p>\n<p><strong>(3)<\/strong> solemn renewal of first vows of dedication; <\/p>\n<p><strong>(4)<\/strong> active and energetic work.<\/p>\n<p><strong>4<\/strong>. Their reconsecration is crowned with sacred joy, and with a happy restoration to the end for which they were called into existence (<span class='bible'>2Ch 24:14<\/span>). All this is based upon<\/p>\n<p><strong>III.<\/strong> <strong>THE<\/strong> <strong>RENEWAL<\/strong> <strong>OF<\/strong> <strong>THE<\/strong> <strong>INDIVIDUAL<\/strong> <strong>HEART<\/strong>. For if the cause of Christ has declined, it is because the spiritual life of the individual men has been languishing. There has been a cooling of love, a lessening of faith, an abatement of zeal, a lack of devotion. What is needed is:<\/p>\n<p><strong>1<\/strong>. A sense of departure and loss. <\/p>\n<p><strong>2<\/strong>. A humbling of the heart before God. <\/p>\n<p><strong>3<\/strong>. A reconsecration of heart and life to the Redeemer. <\/p>\n<p><strong>4<\/strong>. A patient continuance in well-doing.C.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span class='bible'>2Ch 24:15<\/span><\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong><span class='bible'>2Ch 24:16<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>A noble character and a useful life.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>These are two things which are not always closely associated, though they are very frequently found together; they certainly were thus united in the person and experience of Jehoiada. In him we have<\/p>\n<p><strong>I.<\/strong> A <strong>NOBLE<\/strong> <strong>CHARACTER<\/strong>. And this:<\/p>\n<p><strong>1<\/strong><em>. Was based upon true piety. <\/em>Jehoiada was the man he was because he was a faithful servant of Jehovah. He was rich &#8220;toward God.&#8221; His mind and heart were turned toward him, to worship in his house, to study and to do his will, to promote his glory. Everything else that was good in him rested on his religious conviction and practice as on a sure foundation; every other virtue took its root and found its source and spring in that.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2<\/strong>. <em>Acquired great strength. <\/em>By the exercise and cultivation of his piety and moral worth, by his confidence in God, and by all that he daily gained from God in response to his devotion, he acquired great force of goodness. He was a man that &#8220;seemed to be a pillar,&#8221; and who was such; a strong stay, which no antagonism could remove, no treachery undermine. He &#8220;stood foursquare to all the winds that blew.&#8221; Men felt that in him they would find a determined and powerful enemy to whatever evil thing they might propose.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3<\/strong><em>. Shone forth in unselfish service. <\/em>He fearlessly and nobly risked everything in order to rid his country of a vile usurper, and place upon the throne one that would rule in righteousness. And though he certainly lent all the weight of his influence to the support of the sovereign, he does not appear to have arrogated any undue authority (see <span class='bible'>2Ch 24:6<\/span>). He was actuated by a pure, magnanimous devotion to the highest interests of his country. So he lived<\/p>\n<p><strong>II.<\/strong> A <strong>USEFUL<\/strong> <strong>LIFE<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1<\/strong>. He effected a most desirable and salutary revolution; overturning a dynasty that had no right to the throne, and restoring the family of David; exchanging an idolatrous ruler for one that reigned in the fear of God.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2<\/strong>. He solemnly pledged the people to the service of Jehovah, and arranged for systematic services in his temple (<span class='bible'>2Ch 23:16-18<\/span>).<\/p>\n<p><strong>3<\/strong>. He sustained the hand of Joash in his work of repairing the temple. This we might assume, but this the words of the text, &#8220;toward his house,&#8221; clearly indicate.<\/p>\n<p><strong>4<\/strong>. He did much (as the following verses show) to maintain the worship of God in the land, against all reactionary influences, whether at court or among the princes or the people. He &#8220;did good to Israel&#8221; indeed. If we except the judges and kings as those whose official positions gave them quite exceptional opportunities, we may safely say that there are not more than three or four men who rendered such distinguished service to their country as Jehoiada the priest. He was well worthy, when he died in an honoured old age, to be &#8220;buried among the kings.&#8221; Probably few kinglier men than he have been &#8220;gathered to their fathers.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>We learn:<\/p>\n<p><strong>1<\/strong>. That honour rests upon faithful service, on true usefulnesssuch honour as is worth possessing.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2<\/strong>. That usefulness is the product of excellency of character. Men may be eloquent, ambitious, capable, endowed with large administrative abilities, but if they are not unselfish, if they do not know how to subordinate their own aims and interests to the public weal, they are as likely to be harmful as helpful in their course. Only solid worth of character, rectitude allied with patriotism and philanthropy, is any security for substantial usefulness.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3<\/strong>. That character is only sound when it is sacred; that it is only the man who reveres God, and who places himself and his life under Divine guidance, on whom we can thoroughly rely. All other defences and inspirations fail. &#8220;The fear of God&#8221; of which the devout Israelite spoke, the love and service of Jesus Christ of which we speak,this is the rock on which to build a noble character and a useful life.C.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span class='bible'>2Ch 24:17-25<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Sad successive stages.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>With the seventeenth verse of this chapter there commences a very painful record. From one who had been so mercifully spared, so admirably trained, so bountifully blessed, as was King Joash, much better things might have been expected. It is the melancholy story of rapid degeneracy, and a miserable and dishonourable end.<\/p>\n<p><strong>I.<\/strong> <strong>DEPARTURE<\/strong> <strong>FROM<\/strong> <strong>THE<\/strong> <strong>LIVING<\/strong> <strong>GOD<\/strong>. Not being &#8220;rooted and grounded&#8221; in reverence and in attachment to Jehovah, as soon as the directing and sustaining hand of Jehoiada was missed, Joash gave heed to the evil counsel of the reactionary &#8220;princes of Judah&#8221; and &#8220;left the house of the Lord.&#8221; The young may be habituated to sacred services, and they may be brought up in the practice of good behaviour, but if they have not fully and firmly attached themselves to the Divine Lord whose praises they have been singing and whose will they have been respecting, their piety will not endure. &#8220;Being let go,&#8221; being released, as they must be in time, from the human restraints that hold them to the right course, they follow the bent of worldly inclination; it may be that they yield to the solicitation of unholy passion; but they decline from the path of Christian worship and godly service. It is a melancholy sight for the angels of God, and for all earnest human souls, to witnessthat of a man who knows what is best, who has stood face to face with Christ, who has often worshipped in his house, and perhaps sat at his table, declining to lower paths, &#8220;going after Baal,&#8221; letting another power than that of his gracious Lord rule his heart and occupy his life.<\/p>\n<p><strong>II.<\/strong> <strong>RESENTMENT<\/strong> <strong>AT<\/strong> <strong>THE<\/strong> <strong>DIVINE<\/strong> <strong>REBUKE<\/strong>. The true and honoured servant of the Lord, Jehoiada, was well succeeded by a faithful son, Zechariah. He did his work right nobly, and testified against the apostasy of the king and court. But the monarch, in the haughtiness of his heart, resented the rebuke of the Lord&#8217;s prophet, and only aggravated his offence by persecution and even murder (verses 20, 21). Thus sin slopes down, and at some points with sad and startling rapidity. When God&#8217;s rebuke is heard, coming through the voice of one of his ministers, or coming in his Divine providence; and when that rebuke, instead of being heeded and obeyed, is resented by the rebellious spirit, then there ensues a very rapid spiritual decline. Men go &#8220;from bad to worse,&#8221; from indifference or forgetfulness to hostility, from doubt to disbelief, from laxity to licentiousness, from wrongness of attitude to iniquity in action. To resent the rebuke of the Lord is to inflict upon ourselves the most serious, and too often a mortal, injury.<\/p>\n<p><strong>III.<\/strong> <strong>THE<\/strong> <strong>PENALTY<\/strong> <strong>OF<\/strong> <strong>DISOBEDIENCE<\/strong>. In the case of Joash, it was:<\/p>\n<p><strong>1<\/strong>. Humiliating defeat in battle (verses 23, 24). <\/p>\n<p><strong>2<\/strong>. Bodily sufferings (verse 25). <\/p>\n<p><strong>3<\/strong>. A violent and miserable death (verse 25). <\/p>\n<p><strong>4<\/strong>. Dishonour after death (verse 25).<\/p>\n<p>In the case of the spiritual transgressor now, the penalty that has to be feared is:<\/p>\n<p><strong>1<\/strong>. Grave and grievous spiritual decline. <\/p>\n<p><strong>2<\/strong>. The serious displeasure of the Divine Master. <\/p>\n<p><strong>3<\/strong>. The loss of the esteem of the truest and best human friends. <\/p>\n<p><strong>4<\/strong>. Condemnation in the day of judgment.C.<\/p>\n<p><strong>HOMILIES BY T. WHITELAW<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span class='bible'>2Ch 24:1-3<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The early years of Joash.<\/p>\n<p><strong>I.<\/strong> <strong>HIS<\/strong> <strong>PARENTAGE<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1<\/strong>. His father. Jehoabaz, Ahaziah, or Azariah (<span class='bible'>2Ch 21:17<\/span>; <span class='bible'>2Ch 22:1<\/span>, <span class='bible'>2Ch 22:6<\/span>), Jehoram&#8217;s youngest son, who ascended the throne on his father&#8217;s death, reigned one year, was slain by Jehu (<span class='bible'>2Ch 22:9<\/span>), and buried in Jerusalem with his fathers in the city of David, because, though himself bad, he was a good man&#8217;s son (<span class='bible'>2Ch 22:9<\/span>).<\/p>\n<p><strong>2<\/strong>. His mother. Zibiah of Beersheba, concerning whom nothing is known. Perhaps beautiful, as her name &#8220;Gazelle&#8221; may suggest; considering who her husband was, it will not be safe to say she was good, though the place she came from once had an aroma of piety about it (<span class='bible'>Gen 21:33<\/span>).<\/p>\n<p><strong>II.<\/strong> <strong>HIS<\/strong> <strong>REIGN<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1<\/strong>. Early begun. When seven years old. Such early promotion would not have been safe for the kingdom (<span class='bible'>Ecc 10:16<\/span>) or good for himself had Jehoiada not been beside him as counsellor of his inexperience, and, in fact, as virtual ruler.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2<\/strong>. Long continued. Forty years. Shorter by fifteen than that of Manasseh (<span class='bible'>2Ch 33:1<\/span>), his occupation of the throne was only one year shorter than that of Ass (<span class='bible'>2Ch 16:13<\/span>), and as long as that of Solomon (<span class='bible'>2Ch 9:30<\/span>).<\/p>\n<p><strong>III.<\/strong> <strong>HIS<\/strong> <strong>CHARACTER<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1<\/strong>. Promising. &#8220;He did that which was right in the sight of the Lord.&#8221; But:<\/p>\n<p><strong>2<\/strong>. Imperfect. &#8220;The high places were not taken away; the people still sacrificed and burnt incense in the high places&#8221; (<span class='bible'>2Ki 12:3<\/span>). And:<\/p>\n<p><strong>3<\/strong>. Unstable. He behaved well only so long as Jehoiada lived to counsel, and perhaps restrain him.<\/p>\n<p><strong>IV.<\/strong> <strong>HIS<\/strong> <strong>MARRIAGES<\/strong>. &#8220;Jehoiada took for him two wives,&#8221; one of whom was Jehoaddan of Jerusalem (<span class='bible'>2Ch 25:1<\/span>). Perhaps:<\/p>\n<p><strong>1<\/strong>. Good policy, to ensure a succession to the throne. But:<\/p>\n<p><strong>2<\/strong>. Bad morality, and against the Law of God, though recommended by a pious priest, and sanctioned by the example of godly kings. Joash&#8217;s subsequent declension may have been in part due to this.<\/p>\n<p>Learn:<\/p>\n<p><strong>1<\/strong>. That early greatness is not always accompanied by early goodness.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2<\/strong>. That many begin to run well in youth who nevertheless decline in after-years.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3<\/strong>. That religious education is not sufficient in itself to overcome the force of inbred corruption.<\/p>\n<p><strong>4<\/strong>. That permanence is an indispensable quality in all moral and spiritual excellence.<\/p>\n<p><strong>5<\/strong>. That all the opinions of a good man are not necessarily good.<\/p>\n<p><strong>6<\/strong>. That good men sometimes occasion sin in others.W.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span class='bible'>2Ch 24:4-11<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>A good intention well carried out.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>I.  THE<\/strong> <strong>CONTEMPLATED<\/strong> <strong>WORK<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1<\/strong><em>. The reparation of the house of the Lord.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>(1)<\/strong> What this signified. The reconstruction, not of the whole but of such parts of the temple walls and edifices as had been overturned and destroyed. A project both becoming and rightbecoming that Jehovah&#8217;s house should be restored to its pristine completeness and beauty (<span class='bible'>1Ch 22:3<\/span>); right, inasmuch as on Judah had been devolved the duty of protecting and preserving it (<span class='bible'>2Ch 7:16-22<\/span>). In the same way is it proper for, and incumbent on, believers to have regard to the strength and beauty, symmetry and adornment, not merely of the material edifices, but also and chiefly of the spiritual temples of the Christian Church.<\/p>\n<p><strong>(2)<\/strong> Why this was needed. On account, not of the ravages of time upon its massive masonry, but of the demolition it had suffered at the hands of Athaliah (and Jehoram) in order to construct the temple of Baal, whose walls and pillars, altars and images, had just been broken in pieces by the revolutionaries of Judah (<span class='bible'>2Ch 23:17<\/span>). So by false systems of religion, as well as by systems of no religion, have breaches sometimes been made in the Christian Churchadherents seduced from the faith, doctrines obscured, perverted, or rendered inoperativewhich demand the utmost efforts of Christians to repair, even after the false systems, like Baal&#8217;s temple, have been shattered to pieces.<\/p>\n<p><strong>(3)<\/strong> By whom this was projected. By Joash, who, even if not impelled by higher motives, certainly had reason to remember the house in which his infant years had been sheltered, and himself when a boy had received his crown. If Joash moved in this matter of his own accord, the fact spoke well for his goodness; if even he required to be urged to it by Jehoiadawhich is not statedthe fact that he listened to the priest attested the reverence he possessed for Jehovah&#8217;s servant. The pity was that neither his goodness nor his reverence were deeply rooted or permanent.<\/p>\n<p><strong>(4)<\/strong> When this was moved. &#8220;After this,&#8221; an indefinite note of time which might mean either after the revolution or after Joash&#8217;s marriages. If the former, which is doubtful, the king evinced praiseworthy alacrityif his business demanded haste (<span class='bible'>2Ch 24:5<\/span>), much more did God&#8217;s (<span class='bible'>2Ch 15:15<\/span>; <span class='bible'>2Ch 31:21<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Ecc 9:10<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Rom 12:11<\/span>); if the latter, his dilatoriness was not without blame (<span class='bible'>Mat 6:33<\/span>).<\/p>\n<p><strong>2<\/strong><em>. The replacement of the dedicated things <\/em>which had been bestowed upon the Baalim (<span class='bible'>2Ch 24:7<\/span>). Not the dedicated things Solomon had brought into the temple (<span class='bible'>2Ch 5:1<\/span>); the spoil, in articles of gold and silver, David had taken from his enemies (<span class='bible'>1Ki 7:51<\/span>), since these had been pillaged and carried off by Shishak (<span class='bible'>2Ch 12:9<\/span>); probably the silver, gold, and vessels dedicated by Abijah, Asa (<span class='bible'>2Ch 15:18<\/span>), and Jehoshaphat (<span class='bible'>2Ki 12:18<\/span>); the spoil taken by the first from Jeroboam (<span class='bible'>2Ch 13:16<\/span>), by the second from the Cushites (<span class='bible'>2Ch 14:12<\/span>), and by the third from the Ammonites (2Ch 21:1-20 :25).<\/p>\n<p><strong>II.<\/strong> <strong>WAYS<\/strong> <strong>AND<\/strong> <strong>MEANS<\/strong>. Two plans for obtaining the money requisite for the undertaking.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1<\/strong>. <em>The plan that failed.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>(1)<\/strong> What it was. That the priests and Levites should in all the cities of Judah raise a contribution to repair the house of God (<span class='bible'>2Ch 24:5<\/span>); that the amount levied from each man should be &#8220;the tax of Moses the servant of the Lord, and of the congregation of Israel, for the tent of the testimony&#8221; (<span class='bible'>2Ch 24:6<\/span>); and that this should be done annually (<span class='bible'>2Ch 24:5<\/span>). In 2 Kings (<span class='bible'>2Ki 12:4<\/span>) the money is defined as of three sorts (Keil):<\/p>\n<p><strong>(a)<\/strong> The &#8220;money of the numbered,&#8221; or, &#8220;of every one that passeth the numbering,&#8221;<em> i.e. <\/em>the poll tax of half a shekel required of every Israelite as a ransom for his soul (<span class='bible'>Exo 30:12-16<\/span>);<\/p>\n<p><strong>(b)<\/strong> the &#8220;money of the persons for whom each man is rated,&#8221;<em> i.e. <\/em>the sums arising from the redemption of devoted persons (<span class='bible'>Le 27:1-8<\/span>); and<\/p>\n<p><strong>(c) <\/strong>&#8220;the money that it cometh into any man&#8217;s heart to bring into the house of the Lord,&#8221;<em> i.e. <\/em>the free-will offerings of the people. According to another interpretation (Bahr), only the two last sorts were intended, and the phrase, &#8220;money of the numbered,&#8221; should be rendered &#8220;in current money&#8221; (Revised Version)the reason for this instruction that the contributions should be in current money being, it is said, that the money &#8220;was to be paid out at once to mechanics for their labour&#8221; (Thenius).<\/p>\n<p><strong>(2)<\/strong> Why it failed. Not because the priests embezzled the money (J. D. Michaelis, De Wette), which is not stated, and should not be suggested (<span class='bible'>Psa 140:3<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Tit 3:2<\/span>), but probably because of<\/p>\n<p><strong>(a)<\/strong> their dilatoriness in setting about the work entrusted to themthat the work should have been entrusted to them was the first mistake in the proposed plan;<\/p>\n<p><strong>(b) <\/strong>the difficulty they had in gathering in the money, which from the manner of its levying had the appearance of a compulsory paymentthis the second mistake in the proposed plan; and<\/p>\n<p><strong>(c) <\/strong>the too lavish expenditure demanded by their own personal necessities (a legitimate charge upon the collected funds), leaving too small a balance for the work of temple-repairingthat the priests should have been left to distribute the taxes and offerings of the people between their own needs and the public requirements was the third mistake in the proposed plan.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;If self the wavering balance shake,<\/p>\n<p>It&#8217;s rarely right adjusted.&#8221;<br \/>(Burns.)<\/p>\n<p>The result was that in the three and twentieth year of Joashthe year of a new reign in Israel (<span class='bible'>2Ki 13:1<\/span>)the priests had done little or nothing in the way of repairing the breaches of the temple (<span class='bible'>2Ki 12:6<\/span>).<\/p>\n<p><strong>2<\/strong>. <em>The plan that succeeded.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>(1)<\/strong> The details of the new plan. According to 2 Kings, the work of collecting money for themselves, the temple worship, and the repair of the building was no more to be entrusted to their hands, neither were these three items of expense to be in future defrayed out of a common fund; but the trespass-money and sin-money should be assigned to the priests for the first two of these purposes, as the Law of Moses prescribed (Le <span class='bible'>2Ki 5:16<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Num 5:8<\/span>), while the taxes and the free-will offerings should be devoted to the third (<span class='bible'>2Ki 12:7-16<\/span>). According to the Chronicler, whose statements are supported by those of the Book of Kings, by Joash&#8217;s command a chest or collection-box of wood was made with a hole bored in its lid, and placed &#8220;without at the gate of the house of the Lord,&#8221;<em> i.e. <\/em>in the outer court &#8220;beside the altar as one cometh into the house of the Lord&#8221; (<span class='bible'>2Ki 12:9<\/span>). Next a proclamation was made throughout Judah and Jerusalem that the people should themselves, of their own free will and pleasure, bring in the temple rates prescribed by the Law, and the free-will offerings to which they were impelled by their own hearts, and deposit these, unseen by any eye but Jehovah&#8217;s, into the box. Again, it was arranged that, as often as the chest or box was full, it should be conveyed by the hands of the Levites into the king&#8217;s office, where the money should be emptied out by or before the king&#8217;s secretary and the high priest&#8217;s assistant, who should put it into bags, weigh it and hand it over to them &#8220;that did the service of the house of the Lord,&#8221; after which the chest should be carried back again to its place at the temple gate.<\/p>\n<p><strong>(2)<\/strong> The recommendations of the new plan. It avoided the mistakes of the first scheme. It put the work into the hands of a board of oversight better fitted to command the confidence of the community. It avoided the irritating weapon of compulsion, and relied upon the free will of the people, even with regard to the levying of taxes. It simplified the financial arrangements by keeping the money given for the temple separate from that paid to the priests.<\/p>\n<p><strong>(3)<\/strong> The success of the new plan. The people entered into it as their forefathers had done when invited to contribute towards the building of the tabernacle (<span class='bible'>Exo 35:21<\/span>, etc.), universally&#8221;all the princes and all the people cast into the chest;&#8221; cheerfully, with no sense of constraint or compulsion upon them&#8221;they rejoiced;&#8221; liberallymoney was &#8220;gathered in abundance;&#8221; unweariedlynot once or twice merely, but regularly and constantly they went on with their collecting &#8220;until they had made an end,&#8221;<em> i.e. <\/em>of the enterprise they had in hand, the repairing of the temple. N.B.The above principles should regulate Christian giving, which should be universal&#8221;every one of you&#8221; (<span class='bible'>1Co 16:2<\/span>); cheerful&#8221;God loveth a cheerful giver&#8221; (<span class='bible'>2Co 9:7<\/span>); liberal&#8221;see that ye abound in this grace [of liberality] also&#8221; (<span class='bible'>2Co 8:7<\/span>); constant&#8221;to do good and to communicate forget not&#8221; (<span class='bible'>Heb 13:16<\/span>).<\/p>\n<p><strong>III.<\/strong> <strong>THE<\/strong> <strong>WORK<\/strong> <strong>EXECUTED<\/strong>. From the money thus collected:<\/p>\n<p><strong>1<\/strong>. <em>The cost of materials was defrayed. <\/em>&#8220;Timber and hewn stone,&#8221; at least, had to be bought (<span class='bible'>2Ki 12:12<\/span>).<\/p>\n<p><strong>2<\/strong><em>. The wages of workmen were paid. <\/em>Masons, carpenters, and workers in iron and brass were hired.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3<\/strong>. The <em>necessary vessels were constructed. <\/em>The surplus money, after meeting the above charges, was devoted to the manufacture of gold and silver utensils for the temple service. &#8220;So the workmen wrought,&#8221; etc. (verse 13).<\/p>\n<p>Learn:<\/p>\n<p><strong>1<\/strong>. The duty of Christian giving, which may be inferred, a <em>fortiori, <\/em>from this example of the Hebrew Church.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2<\/strong>. The superiority of the voluntary over the compulsory system of raising money for religious purposes, even should the latter be. deemed permissible.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3<\/strong>. The propriety of financial boards, especially those connected with the Church, being above suspicion.<\/p>\n<p><strong>4<\/strong>. The wisdom of aiming at simplicity in schemes for receiving the contributions of the faithful.<\/p>\n<p><strong>5<\/strong>. The advantage of adopting such measures as shall place Church-treasurers beyond the reach of temptation.W.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span class='bible'>2Ch 24:15<\/span><\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong><span class='bible'>2Ch 24:16<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>The life, death, burial, and epitaph of a great man.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>I.  JEHOIADA<\/strong>&#8216;S <strong>LIFE<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1<\/strong>. <em>Pious; i.e.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>(1)<\/strong> Good. No man really pious who is not inwardly good.<\/p>\n<p><strong>(2)<\/strong> Sincere. As a priest of Jehovah, he was under solemn covenant to lead a holy life.<\/p>\n<p><strong>(3)<\/strong> Courageous. It required no small heroism to stand forth as a servant of Jehovah in the days of Ahaziah and Athaliah.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2<\/strong>. <em>Useful. <\/em>&#8220;We live in deeds, not years; in thoughts, not breaths,&#8221; etc. (Bailey). Jehoiada&#8217;s life was spent, not in indolence, but activity; this activity was directed, not by personal ambitions, but by considerations of public advantage, and ceased not until the close of his life. Besides discharging the multifarious duties devolving upon him as high priest of the nation, he practically became the nation&#8217;s leader during the times of Jehoram, Ahaziah, and Athaliah; the nation&#8217;s saviour, effecting the overthrow of Athaliah, the preservation of Joash, and in him the continuance of David&#8217;s throne; and the nation&#8217;s ruler, acting as regent during Joash&#8217;s minority, and as prime minister of Joash until the end came. In particular, to him the nation owed the preservation of its king, its throne, its religion, its temple.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3<\/strong>. Long. Nevertheless, the end came, though long delayed. He died &#8220;full of days,&#8221; satisfied with living, like Abraham (<span class='bible'>Gen 25:8<\/span>), Isaac (<span class='bible'>Gen 35:29<\/span>), David (<span class='bible'>1Ch 23:1<\/span>), and Job (<span class='bible'>Job 42:17<\/span>), an old man of a hundred and thirty years, the longest recorded life of any Hebrew, the patriarchs excepted. &#8220;What<em> <\/em>man is he that desireth life, and loveth many days, that he may see good?&#8221; etc. (<span class='bible'>Psa 34:12-14<\/span>).<\/p>\n<p><strong>II.<\/strong> <strong>JEHOIADA<\/strong>&#8216;S <strong>DEATH<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1<\/strong>. <em>To himself a gain. <\/em>(<span class='bible'>Php 1:21<\/span>.)<\/p>\n<p><strong>(1)<\/strong> A blessed repose after life&#8217;s labours (<span class='bible'>Isa 57:2<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Dan 12:13<\/span>; <span class='bible'>2Th 1:7<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Rev 14:13<\/span>). &#8220;After life&#8217;s fitful labour he sleeps well&#8221; (&#8216;Macbeth,&#8217; <span class='bible'>act 3<\/span>. sc. 2).<\/p>\n<p><strong>(2)<\/strong> A splendid exchange for time&#8217;s vanities: &#8220;length of days for ever and ever&#8221; (<span class='bible'>Psa 21:4<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Psa 37:18<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Joh 10:28<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Heb 11:10<\/span>, <span class='bible'>Heb 11:16<\/span>; <span class='bible'>1Pe 1:4<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Rev 2:10<\/span>).<\/p>\n<p><strong>(3)<\/strong> A magnificent reward for earth&#8217;s services (<span class='bible'>Psa 16:11<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Psa 17:15<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Pro 3:35<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Joh 12:26<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Rom 2:7<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Rev 2:7<\/span>, <span class='bible'>Rev 2:17<\/span>, <span class='bible'>Rev 2:26<\/span>).<\/p>\n<p><strong>2<\/strong>. <em>To Joash a loss. <\/em>(<span class='bible'>2Ki 2:3<\/span>.) Jehoiada&#8217;s death the removal of<\/p>\n<p><strong>(1)<\/strong> the saviour of his infancy;<\/p>\n<p><strong>(2)<\/strong> the teacher of his boyhood;<\/p>\n<p><strong>(3)<\/strong> the counsellor of his manhood. Whether Joash recognized the greatness of his loss may be doubtful. The notion that he felt the decease of the grey-haired priest as something of a relief is not without countenance.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3<\/strong>. <em>To the nation a calamity. <\/em>(<span class='bible'>2Sa 3:38<\/span>.) Born to be a king, Joash wanted the capacity to rule. The fittest man to have sat upon the throne was Jehoiada. Only Divine providence does not always assign men the posts for which they are best qualified. The incompetency of Joash would have earlier proved a curse to Judah had the statesman-priest not been at his elbow. So long as Jehoiada kept his hand upon the helm, the ship of state sailed over stormiest seas with safety; when death compelled his grasp to relax, the vessel&#8217;s rocking amid the tumbling waves showed how capable a pilot he bad been.<\/p>\n<p><strong>III.<\/strong> <strong>JEHOIADA<\/strong>&#8216;S <strong>BURIAL<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1<\/strong>. <em>National. <\/em>The people paid him public obsequies. Not the king alone, but the entire realm lamented him, and joined in the sad ceremonial of consigning his lifeless body to the tomb. Public funerals are often gigantic hypocrisies. Not of such sort was this of the great priest of Jerusalem.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2<\/strong>. <em>Royal. <\/em>The grandeur of his obsequies equalled that lavished on the funerals of kings. Of some kings, among whom Joash must be numbered (verse 25), it is recorded that the people declined to honour them with royal burial (2Ch 21:19, <span class='bible'>2Ch 21:20<\/span>; <span class='bible'>2Ch 26:23<\/span>; <span class='bible'>2Ch 28:27<\/span>); of Jehoiada, though not a king, except in nobility of soul, it is written, his people &#8220;buried him in the city of David among the kings&#8221;as it were recognizing in him a sovereign greater than many, and equal to the best.<\/p>\n<p><strong>IV.<\/strong> <strong>JEHOIADA<\/strong>&#8216;S <strong>EPITAPH<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1<\/strong>. <em>Short. <\/em>One sentence of three clauses: &#8220;He<em> <\/em>did good in Israel, both toward God, and towards his house.&#8221; Nothing more offensive to good taste and refined feeling, not to say more untrue to fact, than the fulsome and extravagant paragraphs which often appear on tombstones.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2<\/strong>. <em>Simple. <\/em>All who read might understand, and, understanding, might verify from their own experience, assisted (if need were) by the recollections of others. The last place at which to make a display of eloquence and rhetoric is the grave&#8217;s month. What is here recorded of this uncrowned King of Judah stands in startling contrast with the magniloquence of Egyptian and Assyrian kings.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3<\/strong>. <em>Sufficient. <\/em>What more or better could be testified of any man than that in his lifetime he had done good, lived a life of piety towards God and of philanthropy towards man, promoted God&#8217;s glory and advanced man&#8217;s good, furthered God&#8217;s kingdom and increased man&#8217;s happiness?<\/p>\n<p>Learn:<\/p>\n<p><strong>1<\/strong>. The possibility of combining statesmanship and piety.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2<\/strong>. The commanding influence of religion when associated with talent and rank.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3<\/strong>. The advisability of looking beyond man in both Church and state, since statesmen and priests are not suffered to continue by reason of death.<\/p>\n<p><strong>4<\/strong>. The certainty that a life of philanthropy and piety will sooner or later find recognition.<\/p>\n<p><strong>5<\/strong>. The fitness of rewarding with becoming honour in death those who sincerely and successfully serve their generation when in life.W.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span class='bible'>2Ch 24:17-22<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>The downward career of a king.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>I.  JOASH<\/strong>&#8216;S <strong>TEMPTATION<\/strong>. (<span class='bible'>2Ch 24:17<\/span>.)<\/p>\n<p><strong>1<\/strong>. <em>When it came. <\/em>&#8220;After Jehoiada&#8217;s death,&#8221;, when the weakling king, having lost his counsellor, was left to the guidance of his own vain heart and foolish understanding. Temptations mostly assail men in their moments of weakness. Eve was probably assaulted in the absence of Adam (<span class='bible'>Gen 3:1<\/span>); David, certainly, in the absence of Nathan (<span class='bible'>2Sa 11:2<\/span>); Job, when enfeebled through affliction (<span class='bible'>Job 2:9<\/span>); Peter, when deprived of strength through over-confidence (<span class='bible'>Joh 13:27<\/span>). The devil is too wary a warrior to besiege a heart when at its strongest.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2<\/strong>. <em>How it looked.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>(1)<\/strong> Extremely pleasing; flattering to his vanity and satisfying to his pride. &#8220;The princes of Judah came, and made obeisance to him.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><strong>(2)<\/strong> Perfectly harmless. What they asked may be assumed to have been liberty to worship the Asherim and the idols (verse 18); not that the king should do so, though secretly they may have hoped he would, but merely that toleration should be granted to them. Tempters seldom show all their hands at once; if they did, their temptations would fail (<span class='bible'>Pro 1:17<\/span>). To the tempted also evil courses commonly appear safe when first embarked upon; though afterwards their tree characters are discovered, when too late.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3<\/strong>. <em>How it fared. <\/em>It prospered. Joash, poor fool! swallowed the bait. &#8220;He hearkened unto them,&#8221; because either he wanted courage to refuse, or desired, in return for their flattery, to please them (<span class='bible'>Dan 11:32<\/span>).<\/p>\n<p><strong>II.<\/strong> <strong>JUDAH<\/strong>&#8216;S <strong>DECLENSION<\/strong>. (Verse 18.)<\/p>\n<p><strong>1<\/strong>. <em>The princes. <\/em>These &#8220;left the house of the Lord God of their fathers,&#8221;<em> i.e. <\/em>abandoned the worship of Jehovah, of which the temple was the centre, and embraced the abominable superstitions of the northern kingdom and of the preceding reigns in Judah. On the worship of the Asherim and idols, see <span class='bible'>2Ch 14:3<\/span> (homily).<\/p>\n<p><strong>2<\/strong>. <em>The people. <\/em>The language of the Chronicler (verse 18), as well as of Zechariah (verse 20), implies that Judah and Jerusalem, in their people as well as princes, had transgressed; and, indeed, it is hardly likely that the princes would have ventured upon this step had they not been able to count upon the sympathy, if not the direct support, of the community.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3<\/strong>. The <em>king. <\/em>Though &#8220;not stated that Joash himself worshipped idols&#8221; (Bertheau), and though, perhaps, at first he did not, it is too apparent, from the moral deterioration he suffered, as well as from the judgment he endured, that his offence was more than &#8220;not strictly maintaining the worship of Jehovah&#8221; (Bertheau).<\/p>\n<p><strong>III.<\/strong> <strong>JEHOVAH<\/strong>&#8216;S <strong>CORRECTION<\/strong>. (Verse 19.)<\/p>\n<p><strong>1<\/strong>. <em>Its instruments. <\/em>The prophets; in particular, Zechariah the sonperhaps grandson (Eadie, Ebrard, Lange, Morison)of Jehoiada (verse 20), called also Barachias (<span class='bible'>Mat 23:35<\/span>). The prophets, of whom many have appeared in this bookNathan (<span class='bible'>2Ch 9:29<\/span>), Ahijah (<span class='bible'>2Ch 10:15<\/span>), Azariah (<span class='bible'>2Ch 15:1<\/span>), Hanani (<span class='bible'>2Ch 16:7<\/span>), Micaiah (<span class='bible'>2Ch 18:8<\/span>), Jehu (<span class='bible'>2Ch 19:2<\/span>), Jahaziel (<span class='bible'>2Ch 20:14<\/span>), Elijah (21:12)were the recognized medium of communication between God and the people. The prophets at this time sent to testify for Jehovah against the people are not named, with one exception; which may suggest that one may be an honoured, true, and faithful servant of God in Church or state, and may render important services to both without having his name chronicled on the registers of time.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2<\/strong><em>. its tenor. <\/em>A testimony against the nation, in terms similar to those of Zechariah. Their idol-worship was:<\/p>\n<p><strong>(1)<\/strong> A direct transgression of Jehovah&#8217;s commandments (<span class='bible'>Exo 20:3-5<\/span>, <span class='bible'>Exo 20:23<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Exo 23:13<\/span>; Le <span class='bible'>Exo 26:1<\/span>, <span class='bible'>Exo 26:30<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Deu 4:15-19<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Deu 27:15<\/span>).<\/p>\n<p><strong>(2)<\/strong> An express violation of the covenant into which they had entered with Jehovah (<span class='bible'>2Ch 23:16<\/span>).<\/p>\n<p><strong>(3)<\/strong> A fatal obstacle to their prosperity, whether national or individual (<span class='bible'>Num 14:41<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Deu 28:29<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Psa 1:3<\/span>, <span class='bible'>Psa 1:4<\/span> , <span class='bible'>Psa 16:4<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Psa 97:7<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Jon 2:8<\/span>).<\/p>\n<p><strong>(4)<\/strong> A sure sign of their abandonment by God (2Ch 12:5; <span class='bible'>2Ch 15:2<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Deu 31:16<\/span>, <span class='bible'>Deu 31:17<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Jos 24:20<\/span>; <span class='bible'>1Ch 28:9<\/span>).<\/p>\n<p><strong>3<\/strong>. <em>Its reception. <\/em>&#8220;They would not give ear.&#8221; Unwilling to obey, they would not listen. The truth was unpalatable, and hence they rejected it. They loved the darkness rather than the light, because their deeds were evil (<span class='bible'>Joh 3:19<\/span>); they hated the truth, because it condemned them (<span class='bible'>Psa 50:17<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Amo 5:10<\/span>).<\/p>\n<p><strong>IV.<\/strong> <strong>ZECHARIAH<\/strong>&#8216;S <strong>ASSASSINATION<\/strong>. (Verse 20.) A deed of:<\/p>\n<p><strong>1<\/strong>. <em>Atrocious inhumanity. <\/em>Murdered by his countrymen, the princes of Judah, in some sort his near kinsmen, considering that he himself was a collateral descendant of the royal line, his mother having been Ahaziah&#8217;s sister (<span class='bible'>2Ch 22:11<\/span>).<\/p>\n<p><strong>2<\/strong>. <em>Revolting cruelty. <\/em>Stoned with stones. Lapidation, a peculiarly Jewish form of punishment, is described in the Mishna. &#8220;The condemned, if a man, was led naked to the place of torture, but a woman was allowed to retain her clothes. The offender was always taken out of the city  All that was necessary was that the place should be in a valley, or foss, with steep banks, from the top of which one of the witnesses threw the accused down. If he fails on his back and is killed, well and good; if not, another witness throws a stone on his chest. The first stones were cast at the head, so as to hasten death and shorten the sufferings of the victim. There were no regular executioners. In the time of the kings, the sovereigns appointed men to carry out the sentence&#8221;. This terrible mode of executing capital punishment the Law reserved for aggravated offences (<span class='bible'>Le 20:2<\/span><em>, <\/em><span class='bible'>27<\/span>; <span class='bible'>24:14<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Num 15:35<\/span>), in particular for practising and enticing to idolatry (<span class='bible'>Deu 13:10<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Deu 18:5<\/span>). Victims of stoning were, in Old Testament times, Achan (<span class='bible'>Jos 7:25<\/span>), Naboth (<span class='bible'>1Ki 21:13<\/span>), Hadoram (<span class='bible'>2Ch 10:18<\/span>), Zechariah; in New Testament times, Stephen (<span class='bible'>Act 7:58<\/span>), Paul (<span class='bible'>Act 14:19<\/span>), and (perhaps) Antipas (<span class='bible'>Rev 2:13<\/span>).<\/p>\n<p><strong>3<\/strong>. <em>Gross profanity. <\/em>Murdered in the court of Jehovah&#8217;s house, &#8220;between the sanctuary and the altar&#8221; (<span class='bible'>Mat 23:35<\/span>), always regarded as an aggravation of the original crime (<span class='bible'>Lam 2:10<\/span>), and a special form of defilement (<span class='bible'>Eze 9:7<\/span>). Jehoiada would not shed there the blood of Joash&#8217;s grandmother (<span class='bible'>2Ch 23:14<\/span>); Joash did not hesitate to spill there the blood of Jehoiada&#8217;s son.<\/p>\n<p><strong>4<\/strong>. <em>Horrible impiety. <\/em>Murdered, although a prophet of Jehovah (<span class='bible'>1Ki 19:10<\/span>); murdered, because he told them the truth (cf. <span class='bible'>Joh 8:40<\/span>); murdered by men themselves guilty of death and deserving to be stoned (see above); murdered in Jehovah&#8217;s house and before his altar, in defiance of his Law and contempt for his religion.<\/p>\n<p><strong>5<\/strong>. <em>Monstrous ingratitude. <\/em>Murdered &#8220;at<em> <\/em>the king&#8217;s commandment;&#8221; done to death by a man to whom his father (or grandfather) had given life, education, a crown, a kingdom, a reformed religion, a settled country (<span class='bible'>2Ch 22:11-23:21<\/span>). The vocabulary of vituperation has been exhausted to set forth the wickedness, odiousness, and loathsomeness of this vice. It has been likened to &#8220;a sharp-toothed vulture,&#8221; &#8220;a marble-hearted fiend, more hideous than the sea-monster;&#8221; it has been spoken of as &#8220;the most detestable act&#8221; a person can commit, a vice more abominable &#8220;than lying, vainness, babbling, drunkenness;&#8221; a monster whose tooth is keener than the winter wind. Nor is it too much to say that, amongst this hideous crew of God-forsaken wretches, Joash stands pre-eminent. A creature as mean anti despicable the earth surely is seldom called on to support and nourish.<\/p>\n<p><strong>6<\/strong>. <em>Unavoidable avengement. <\/em>Zechariah himself, feeling this, ere his eyes closed and his lips became silent in death, uttered a prayer or invocation, &#8220;The Lord look upon it, and require it,&#8221; in reality a prediction which soon became a history. Contrast the prayer of Stephen for his murderers (<span class='bible'>Act 7:60<\/span>). Zechariah the murdered prophet, and Stephen the martyred deacon, each embodied and illustrated the spirit of the dispensation under which he lived; that under which Zechariah lived, a dispensation<\/p>\n<p><strong>(1)<\/strong> of law and penalty, <\/p>\n<p><strong>(2)<\/strong> of wrath and condemnation;<\/p>\n<p>that under which Stephen flourished, a dispensation<\/p>\n<p><strong>(1)<\/strong> of grace and mercy, and <\/p>\n<p><strong>(2)<\/strong> of forgiveness and justification (<span class='bible'>2Co 3:7-11<\/span>).<\/p>\n<p><strong>LESSONS<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1<\/strong>. The danger of listening to flattery; it makes men, even kings, foolish.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2<\/strong>. The duty of resisting the first approaches of temptation. <em>Obsta principiis.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>3<\/strong>. The downward course of sin<em>Facilis descensus Averno <\/em>(Virgil, &#8216;<strong>AE<\/strong>neid,&#8217; 6.126).<\/p>\n<p><strong>4<\/strong>. The folly of forsaking God; it can only end in being forsaken by God.<\/p>\n<p><strong>5<\/strong>. The courage needed to be a true servant of God in any age. He who would speak for God will often require to speak against man.<\/p>\n<p><strong>6<\/strong>. The surest evidence of original and innate depravity is the fact that men do not naturally care for, but rather dislike, and are averse to, God&#8217;s Word.<\/p>\n<p><strong>7<\/strong>. The certainty that they who will live godly must suffer persecution. God&#8217;s witnesses are often slain (<span class='bible'>Rev 11:7<\/span>).<\/p>\n<p><strong>8<\/strong>. The baseness of ingratitude towards God; inferred from that of ingratitude towards man.<\/p>\n<p><strong>9<\/strong>. The contrast between the Law and the gospel; illustrated by Zechariah&#8217;s imprecation and Stephen&#8217;s invocation. 10. The certainty of Divine retribution: God will avenge his saints (<span class='bible'>Luk 18:7<\/span>, S).W.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span class='bible'>2Ch 24:23-27<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Divine retributions; or, the predictions and prayers of a dying mar, coming true.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>I.  JUDAH<\/strong> <strong>INVADED<\/strong> <strong>BY<\/strong> <strong>THE<\/strong> <strong>SYRIANS<\/strong>. (<span class='bible'>2Ch 24:23<\/span>.) Zechariah had predicted that prosperity should no longer attend Judah in consequence of her apostasy from Jehovah (verse 20); and, before breathing his last, had prayed, and so practically predicted (<span class='bible'>Jas 5:16<\/span>), that Jehovah would avenge his murder upon the king, his princes, and people (verse 22). That this incursion of Hazael (<span class='bible'>1Ki 19:15<\/span>), who had first assassinated Benhadad <strong>II<\/strong>. and seized upon the throne (<span class='bible'>2Ki 8:7-15<\/span>), and whose historicity is guaranteed by an inscription on Shalmaneser&#8217;s black obelisk, which says, &#8220;In my eighteenth year, for the sixteenth time the Euphrates I crossed. Hazael of Damascus to battle came  In my twenty-first campaign, to the cities of Hazael of Damascus I went. Four of his fortresses I took&#8221;that this incursion of the Syrian monarch into Judaean territory, as far even as to Jerusalem, was an instalment of the wrath which the nation&#8217;s apostasy had stirred up against itself, several things convinced the Chronicler.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1<\/strong>. The <em>time when it happened. <\/em>&#8220;At the end,&#8221; or revolution, &#8220;of the year.&#8221; No doubt Divine judgment often tarries, and when it does inert are apt to question its existence (Psa 1:1-6 :20). But sometimes it hastens on the heels of crime, as it did in the cases of Cain (<span class='bible'>Gen 4:8<\/span>, <span class='bible'>Gen 4:9<\/span>), Pharaoh (<span class='bible'>Exo 14:27<\/span>), Israel in Shittim (<span class='bible'>Num 25:4<\/span>), the murderers of Ishbosheth (<span class='bible'>2Sa 4:12<\/span>), Ahab (<span class='bible'>1Ki 22:34-37<\/span>), Haman (<span class='bible'>Est 7:10<\/span>), Judas (<span class='bible'>Act 1:18<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Mat 27:5<\/span>), and others; and their observers instinctively exclaim, &#8220;Verily there is a God that judgeth in the earth&#8221; (<span class='bible'>Psa 58:11<\/span>).<\/p>\n<p><strong>2<\/strong>. <em>The success it attained.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>(1)<\/strong> The Syrian army, having probably conquered Israel, succeeded in capturing Gath, one of the five cities of the Philistines (<span class='bible'>Jos 13:3<\/span>), which David annexed to Judah (<span class='bible'>1Ch 18:1<\/span>), and which may still have belonged to the kingdom of Jonah.<\/p>\n<p><strong>(2)<\/strong> Next it moved upon Jerusalem, which was not far distant, and defeated the Judaean troops in a pitched battle, in which all the princes of Judah were cut off, and Joash himself seriously wounded.<\/p>\n<p><strong>(3)<\/strong> As an inducement to make peace and withdraw his forces from the capital, Hazael obtained from Joash &#8220;all the hallowed things that Jehoshaphat, and Jehoram, and Ahaziah his fathers, kings of Judah, had dedicated,&#8221; which had been recovered from the temple of Baal (verse 7), &#8220;and his own hallowed things, and all the gold that was found in the treasures of the house of the Lord and in the king&#8217;s house&#8221; (<span class='bible'>2Ki 12:18<\/span>).<\/p>\n<p><strong>(4)<\/strong> That which specially revealed the hand of God in this disaster was not so much the extent as the incidence of it. The blow descended, indeed, upon the common people, who are chief sufferers in most wars; but in this instance a striking fitness was visible in the cutting off of the princes who had instigated the sovereign and his subjects to idolatry, and in the despoliation of the temple, which they had desecrated by their idolatries.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3<\/strong>. <em>The weapon it employed. <\/em>A small army, which had routed Judah&#8217;s large host. This was reversing the experience of Judah, as, <em>e.g; <\/em>when Asa with five hundred and eighty thousand soldiers defeated Zerah with a million of infantry and three hundred charioteers (<span class='bible'>2Ch 14:10<\/span>). As Asa&#8217;s victory was due to Jehovah&#8217;s help, so Joash&#8217;s surrender was explicable only on the supposition that Jehovah had forsaken him and Hazael been commissioned to execute wrath upon him.<\/p>\n<p><strong>II.<\/strong> <strong>JOASH<\/strong> <strong>SLAIN<\/strong> <strong>BY<\/strong> <strong>CONSPIRATORS<\/strong>. (Verse 25.)<\/p>\n<p><strong>1<\/strong>. <em>When<\/em>? &#8220;After the Syrians had departed from him.&#8221; Though he had escaped the doom which sought him on the battlefield, it seemed as if justice would not suffer him to live (cf. <span class='bible'>Act 28:4<\/span>). Scarcely had the Syrians departed than the sleuth-hound of retribution was again upon his trail. Only wounded by soldiers&#8217; spears, he was slaughtered by assassins&#8217; swords.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2<\/strong>. <em>Where<\/em>?<em> <\/em>In his castle-palace at Mille (<span class='bible'>2Ki 12:20<\/span>), and on his bed,<em> i.e. <\/em>while invalided by his wounds. Death found him in a fortress, behind which he doubtless expected to be secure, and at a moment when, perhaps, that expectation was high through the healing of his wounds.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3<\/strong><em>. By whom<\/em>?<em> <\/em>His own servants, whose names are given: &#8220;Zabad [or Jozakat, Kings] the son of Shimeath an Ammonitess, and Jehozabad the son of Shimrith a Moabitess.&#8221; Led astray by those who should have been his servants, the princes, he was put to death by his actual servants. He had betrayed his country to foreign gods, by men of foreign extraction he was destroyed. Divine retributions frequently correspond to the character of the offence they punish.<\/p>\n<p><strong>4<\/strong>. <em>Why<\/em>?<em> <\/em>Because of the &#8220;blood of the son of Jehoiada the priest.&#8221; They meant to reward him for his truculent deed against Zechariah. How they came to champion the cause of Jehoiada&#8217;s murdered son is not said. Perhaps they shared the popular feeling, which trod never wholly approved of the murder; and when they witnessed the disaster which had come upon their arms, with the judgment that had fallen on the princes, they concluded that Zechariah&#8217;s blood must be avenged if prosperity was again to return to Judah; and believing they would find, in the public mind, approval for their action, they despatched the wounded man upon his bed at Mille. Their calculations concerning the verdict of the people were not astray. Nobody regretted Joash&#8217;s untimely end. His subjects &#8220;buried him in the city of David,&#8221; where his fathers lay entombed, but they suffered not his carcase to desecrate the mausoleum of the kings.<\/p>\n<p>Learn:<\/p>\n<p><strong>1<\/strong>. The overruling providence of God. Things come to pass at his ordering.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2<\/strong>. The certainty that sin will be punished. Though judgment be delayed, it is not averted.W.<\/p>\n<h4 align='right'><i><b>Fuente: The Complete Pulpit Commentary<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n<p><em>h.<\/em> Joash: the Prophet Zechariah Son of Jehoiada.Ch. 24<\/p>\n<p>. <em>Reign of Joash under the Guidance of Jehoiada: Repair of the Temple<\/em>: <span class='bible'>2Ch 24:1-14<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch 24:1<\/span>.Joash was seven years old when he became king; and he reigned forty years in Jerusalem: and his mothers name was Zibiah of Beer-sheba. 2And Joash did that which was right in the eyes of the Lord all the days of 3Jehoiada the priest. And Jehoiada chose for him two wives; and he begat sons and daughters.<\/p>\n<p>4And it came to pass after this that it was in the heart of Joash to renew the house of the Lord. 5And he gathered the priests and the Levites, and said to them, Go out into the cities of Judah, and gather of all Israel money to repair the house of your God from year to year, and hasten ye the matter: but the Levites hastened it not. 6And the king called for Jehoiada the chief, and said unto him, Why hast thou not required of the Levites to bring in out of Judah and Jerusalem the tax of Moses the servant of the Lord, and of the 7congregation of Israel, for the tent of witness? For Athaliah the wicked doer [ and] her sons<span class=''>1<\/span> have broken up the house of God, and bestowed all the 8consecrated things of the house of the Lord upon Baalim. And the king commanded, and they made a chest, and set it without at the gate of the 9house of the Lord. And they proclaimed in Judah and Jerusalem, to bring in to the Lord the tax of Moses the servant of God upon Israel in the wilder ness. 10And all the princes and all the people were glad, and they brought 11and cast into the chest, till it was full. And at the time when the chest was brought to the survey of the king by the Levites, and when they saw that there was much money, then went the kings scribe and the officer of the head priest and emptied the chest, and took it, and carried it to its place again: thus they did day by day, and gathered money in abundance. 12And the king and Jehoiada gave it to the work-master of the service of the house of the Lord, and they hired masons and carpenters to renew the house of the Lord, and also smiths in iron and brass to repair the house of the Lord. 13And the workmen wrought, and furtherance was given to the work by their hand: and they set the house of God in its form, and strengthened it. 14And when they had finished, they brought before the king and Jehoiada the rest of the money, and they made of it vessels for the house of the lord, vessels for ministering and offering, and cups, and vessels of gold and silver: and they offered burnt-offerings in the house of the Lord continually all the days of Jehoiada.<\/p>\n<p>. <em>Death of Jehoiada: Stoning of his Son, the Prophet Zechariah:<\/em> <span class='bible'>2Ch 24:15-22<\/span><\/p>\n<p>15And Jehoiada was old and full of days, and he died; he was a hundred and thirty years old when he died. 16And they buried him in the city of David with the kings; for he had done good in Israel, and for God and His 17house. And after the death of Jehoiada came the princes of Judah, and bowed down before the king: then the king hearkened unto them. 18And they left the house of the Lord God of their fathers, and served the Asherim and the idols: and wrath came upon Judah and Jerusalem for this their 19trespass. And he sent prophets among them, to bring them back to the Lord; and they testified against them, and they did not give ear. 20And the Spirit of God clothed Zechariah son of Jehoiada the priest<span class=''>2<\/span>; and he stood up before the people, and said unto them, Thus saith God, Why transgress ye the commandments of the Lord, and do not prosper? for ye have forsaken the Lord, and He has forsaken you. 21And they conspired against him, and stoned him by command of the king in the court of the house of the Lord. 22And Joash the king remembered not the kindness which Jehoiada had done to him, and slew his son: and when he died, he said, The Lord shall see and require.<\/p>\n<p>. <em>Distress of Joash by the Syrians, and his End:<\/em> <span class='bible'>2Ch 24:23-27<\/span><\/p>\n<p>23And it came to pass in the course of a year, that the host of Syria came up against him; and they came to Judah and Jerusalem, and destroyed all the princes of the people out of the people,<span class=''>3<\/span> and sent all the spoil of them 24unto the king to Damascus.<span class=''>4<\/span> For the host of Syria came with few men; and the Lord gave into their hand a very great host, because they had forsaken the Lord God of their fathers: and they executed judgments upon Joash. 25And when they went from him, for they left him with many wounds, his servants conspired against him for the blood of the sons<span class=''>5<\/span> of Jehoiada the priest, and slew him on his bed, and he died: and they buried him in the 26city of David, but they buried him not in the sepulchres of the kings. And these were the conspirators against him: Zabad son of Shimath the Ammonitess, 27and Jehozabad son of Shimrith the Moabitess. And his sons, and the greatness<span class=''>6<\/span> of the burden upon him, and the building of the house of God, behold, they are written in the commentary of the book of the Kings: and Amaziah his son reigned in his stead.<\/p>\n<p><em>i.<\/em> Amaziah.Ch. 25 <\/p>\n<p>. <em>Duration of his Reign, and its Spirit:<\/em> <span class='bible'>2Ch 25:1-4<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch 25:1<\/span>.Amaziah became king when twenty and five years old; and he reigned twenty and nine years in Jerusalem: and his mothers name was Jehoaddan of Jerusalem. 2And he did that which was right in the eyes of the Lord, but 3not with undivided heart. And it came to pass, when the kingdom was established to him, that he slew his servants who smote the king his father. 4But he put not their sons to death, but as it is written in the law in the book of Moses, as the Lord commanded, saying, The fathers shall not die for the sons, nor shall the sons die for the fathers; but every one shall die for his own sin.<\/p>\n<p>. <em>The Conquest of the Edomites in the Valley of Salt<\/em>: <span class='bible'>2Ch 25:5-13<\/span><\/p>\n<p>5And Amaziah gathered Judah, and arranged them by father-houses, by captains of thousands and captains of hundreds, for all Judah and Benjamin: and he mustered them from twenty years old and upwards, and found them three hundred thousand choice men, going out to war, holding spear and 6shield. And he hired out of Israel a hundred thousand mighty men of valour 7for a hundred talents of silver. And a man of God came to him, saying, O king, let not the army of Israel go with thee; for the Lord is not with 8Israel, with all the sons of Ephraim. But go thou; do, be strong for the battle; [ otherwise<span class=''>7<\/span>] God shall make thee fall before the enemy; for with God is power to help and to cast down. 9And Amaziah said to the man of God, But what shall we do for the hundred<span class=''>8<\/span> talents which I have given to the host of Israel? And the man of God said, It rests with the Lord to give 10thee much more than this. And Amaziah separated them, to wit, the host that was come to him from Ephraim, to go to their place: and their anger was greatly kindled against Judah, and they returned to their place in hot 11anger. And Amaziah took courage, and led forth his people, and went to 12the valley of Salt, and smote of the sons of Seir ten thousand. And the sons of Judah took ten thousand alive, and brought them to the top of the rock, and cast them down from the top of the rock, and all of them 13were broken in pieces. And the men of the host which Amaziah sent back from going with him to battle, fell upon the cities of Judah, from Samaria even to Beth-horon, and smote of them three thousand, and took much spoil.<\/p>\n<p>. <em>Amaziahs Idolatry, War with Joash of Israel, and End:<\/em> <span class='bible'>2Ch 25:14-28<\/span><\/p>\n<p>14And it came to pass, after Amaziah was come from smiting the Edomites, that he brought the gods of the sons of Seir, and set them up for him as gods, 15and bowed down before them, and burnt incense to them. And the anger of the Lord was kindled against Amaziah, and He sent unto him a prophet, who said to him, Why hast thou sought after the gods of the people, who did not deliver their own people out of thy hand? 16And it came to pass as he talked with him, that he said unto him, Have we made thee councillor to the king? Forbear; why should they smite thee? And the prophet forbare, and said, I know that God hath resolved to destroy thee, because thou hast 17done this, and hast not hearkened to my counsel. And Amaziah king of Judah took counsel, and sent to Joash son of Jehoahaz, son of Jehu king of Israel, saying, Come,<span class=''>9<\/span> let us look one another in the face. 18And Joash king of Israel sent to Amaziah king of Judah, saying, The thorn that was in Lebanon sent to the cedar that was in Lebanon, saying, Give thy daughter to my son to wife; and a beast of the field that was in Lebanon passed by and trampled on the thorn. 19Thou sayest, Lo, thou hast smitten Edom; and thy heart hath lifted thee up to boast: now abide at home; why provokest thou evil, that thou mayest fall, and Judah with thee?<\/p>\n<p>20And Amaziah hearkened not; for it was of God that they might be given 21up, because they sought after the gods of Edom. And Joash king of Israel went up, and they looked one another in the face, he and Amaziah king of Judah, at Beth-shemesh, which is of Judah. 22And Judah was smitten before 23Israel; and they fled every man to his tent. And Joash king of Israel took Amaziah king of Judah, son of Joash, son of Jehoahaz, at Beth-shemesh, and brought him to Jerusalem, and brake down the wall of Jerusalem from the 24gate of Ephraim to the corner gate,<span class=''>10<\/span> four hundred cubits. And all the gold and the silver, and all the vessels that were found in the house of God with Obed-edom, and the treasures of the kings house, and the hostages; and <span class='bible'>he <\/span><span class='bible'>2<\/span>5returned to Samaria. And Amaziah son of Joash king of Judah lived after 26the death of Joash son of Jehoahaz king of Israel fifteen years. And the rest of the acts of Amaziah, first and last, behold, are they not written in the 27book of the kings of Judah and Israel? And from the time that Amaziah turned away from the Lord, they made a conspiracy against him in Jerusalem; and he fled to Lachish: and they sent after him to Lachish, and there put him to death. 28And they brought him upon horses, and buried him with his fathers in the city of Judah.<span class=''>11<\/span> <\/p>\n<p><em>k.<\/em> Uzziah.Ch. 26 <\/p>\n<p>. <em>His early Theocratic Inclination and Prosperous Reign<\/em>: <span class='bible'>2Ch 26:1-15<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch 26:1<\/span>.And all the people of Judah took Uzziah, when sixteen years old, and made him king instead of his father Amaziah. 2He built Eloth, and restored it to Judah, after the king had slept with his fathers. 3Sixteen years old was Uzziah when he became king; and he reigned fifty and two years in Jerusalem: and his mothers name was Jechiliah<span class=''>12<\/span> of Jerusalem. 4And he did that which was right in the eyes of the Lord, according to all that 5Amaziah his father had done. And he continued to seek God in the days of Zechariah, who understood the visions<span class=''>13<\/span> of God: and so long as he sought the Lord, God made him prosper.<\/p>\n<p>6And he went out and fought with the Philistines, and brake down the wall of Gath, and the wall of Jabneh, and the wall of Ashdod, and built cities about Ashdod and among the Philistines. 7And God helped him against the Philistines, and against the Arabs that dwelt in Gur-baal,<span class=''>14<\/span> and against the Meunites. 8And the Ammonites<span class=''>15<\/span> gave gifts to Uzziah: and his name 9went even to Egypt; for he became very mighty. And Uzziah built towers in Jerusalem, at the corner gate and at the valley-gate, and at the corner, and 10fortified them. And he built towers in the wilderness, and dug many wells; for he had much cattle in the lowland and in the plain; husbandmen and vine-dressers in the mountains and in Carmel; for he was a lover of land. 11And Uzziah had a host of fighting men, that went out to war in troops, by the number of their muster at the hand of Jeuel<span class=''>16<\/span> the scribe, and Maaseiah the officer, at the hand of Hananiah, one of the captains of the king. 12The whole number of the chiefs of the fathers for the mighty men of valour 13was two thousand and six hundred. And at their hand was an army of three hundred thousand and seven thousand and five hundred fighting men in full strength, to help the king against the foe. 14And Uzziah prepared for them, for the whole army, shields and spears, and helmets and coats of mail, and 15bows and sling-stones. And at Jerusalem he made engines, the invention of craftsmen, to be on the towers and battlements, to shoot arrows and great stones: and his name went forth far abroad; for he was marvellously helped till he was strong.<\/p>\n<p>. <em>His Boasting, and Divine Chastisement by Leprosy: his End<\/em>: <span class='bible'>2Ch 26:16-23<\/span><\/p>\n<p>16And when he became strong, his heart was lifted up to do corruptly, and he transgressed against the Lord his God; and he went into the temple of the Lord to burn incense upon the altar of incense. 17And Azariah the priest went in after him, and with him eighty priests of the Lord, men of valour. 18And they withstood Uzziah the king, and said unto him, It pertaineth not unto thee, Uzziah, to burn incense unto the Lord, but to the priests, the sons of Aaron, that are consecrated to burn incense: go out of the sanctuary; for thou hast transgressed; and it shall not be for thine honour from the Lord 19God. And Uzziah was wroth, and had a censer in his hand to burn incense: and while he was wroth with the priests, the leprosy burst forth on his forehead before the priests in the house of the Lord from beside the incensealtar. 20And Azariah the head priest and all the priests looked upon him, and, behold, he was leprous in his forehead, and they drove him out thence; and even he himself hasted to go out, because the Lord had smitten him. 21And Uzziah the king was a leper unto the day of his death, and dwelt in a sick-house as a leper; for he was cut off from the house of the Lord: and Jotham his son was over the kings house, judging the people of the land.<\/p>\n<p>22And the rest of the acts of Uzziah, first and last, Isaiah son of Amos the 23prophet wrote. And Uzziah slept with his fathers; and they buried him with his fathers in the burial field of the kings; for they said, He is a leper: and Jotham his son reigned in his stead.<\/p>\n<p><em>l.<\/em> Jotham.Ch. 27 <\/p>\n<p>Chap <span class='bible'>2Ch 27:1<\/span>.Jotham was twenty and five years old when he became king; and he reigned sixteen years in Jerusalem: and his mothers name was Jerushah daughter of Zadok. 2And he did that which was right in the eyes of the Lord, according to all that his father Uzziah did; only he entered not into the temple of the Lord: and the people did yet corruptly. 3He built the high gate of the house of the Lord; and on the wall of Ophel he built 4much. And he built cities in the mountains of Judah, and in the forests he 5built castles and towers. And he fought with the king of the sons of Ammon, and prevailed over them: and the sons of Ammon gave him in that year a hundred talents of silver, and ten thousand cors of wheat, and ten thousand of barley: this the sons of Ammon paid him also in the second and third 6year. And Jotham strengthened himself; for he established his ways before the Lord his God.<\/p>\n<p>7And the rest of the acts of Jotham, and all his wars and his ways, lo, 8they are written in the book of the kings of Israel and Judah. He was twenty and five years old when he became king; and he reigned sixteen years in Jerusalem. 9And Jotham slept with his fathers; and they buried him in the city of David: and Ahaz his son reigned in his stead.<\/p>\n<p><em>m.<\/em> Ahaz: The Prophet Oded.Ch. 28 <\/p>\n<p>. <em>Idolatry of Ahaz: his Defeat by the Syrians and Ephraimites<\/em>: <span class='bible'>2Ch 28:1-8<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch 28:1<\/span>.Ahaz was twenty<span class=''>17<\/span> years old when he became king; and he reigned sixteen years in Jerusalem: and he did not that which was right in 2the eyes of the Lord, like David his father. And he walked in the ways of 3the kings of Israel, and made also molten images for Baalim. And he burnt incense in the valley of Ben-hinnom, and burnt his sons in the fire, after the abominations of the nations, whom the Lord had cast out before 4the sons of Israel. And he sacrificed and burnt incense in the high places, 5and on the hills, and under every green tree. And the Lord his God gave him into the hand of the king of Syria; and they smote him, and took from him a great many captives, and brought them to Damascus:<span class=''>18<\/span> and he was also given into the hand of the king of Israel, and he inflicted on him a great 6blow. And Pekah son of Remaliah slew in Judah a hundred and twenty thousand in one day, all sons of valour, because they had forsaken the Lord God of their fathers. 7And Zichri, a mighty man of Ephraim, slew Maaseiah the kings son, and Azrikam, the governor of the house, and Elkanah the 8vicegerent of the king. And the sons of Israel took captive of their brethren two hundred thousand, women, sons, and daughters, and stripped them of great spoil, and brought the spoil to Samaria.<\/p>\n<p>. <em>Oded the Prophet procures the Release of the Captives:<\/em> <span class='bible'>2Ch 28:9-15<\/span><\/p>\n<p>9And a prophet of the Lord was there, of the name of Oded; and he went out before the host that came to Samaria, and said unto them, Behold, in the wrath of the Lord God of your fathers against Judah He hath given them into your hand; and ye slew of them with a rage that reacheth unto heaven. 10And now ye purpose to subject the sons of Judah and Jerusalem for bondsmen and bondsmaids to you: are there not even with you yourselves trespasses against the Lord your God? And 11now hear me, and release the captives which ye have taken of your brethren; for the hot anger of the Lord 12is upon you. Then arose men of the chiefs of the sons of Ephraim, Azariah son of Johanan, Berechiah son of Meshillemoth, and Hezekiah son of Shallum, and Amasa son of Hadlai, against those who came from the war, 13And said unto them, Ye shall not bring the captives hither; for with the trespass of the Lord upon us ye intend to add to our sins and to our trespass: for great 14is our trespass, and there is hot anger against Israel. And the armed host left the captives and the spoil before the princes and all the congregation. 15Then there rose up the men who were expressed by name, and took the captives, and clothed all that were naked of them from the spoil, and gave them clothes, and shoes, and food, and drink, and anointed them, and carried them on asses, all the weary, and brought them to Jericho, the city of palms, beside their brethren: and they returned to Samaria.<\/p>\n<p>. <em>Further Visitations of Ahaz on account of his Idolatry: his End<\/em>: <span class='bible'>2Ch 28:16-27<\/span><\/p>\n<p>16At that time King Ahaz sent unto the kings of Assyria to help him. 17, 18And again the Edomites came and smote Judah, and took captives. And the Philistines invaded the cities of the lowland and of the south of Judah, and took Beth-shemesh, and Ajalon, and Gederoth, and Socho with her daughters, and Timnah with her daughters, and Gimzo with her daughters: and they 19dwelt there. For the Lord humbled Judah on account of Ahaz king of Israel, because he had revolted in Judah, and transgressed greatly against the 20Lord. And Tilgath-pilneser king of Assyria came against him, and distressed 21him, and strengthened him not. For Ahaz had plundered the house of the Lord, and the house of the king and the princes, and given it to the king of Assyria; and it was not a help to him. 22And in the time of his distress <span class='bible'>he <\/span><span class='bible'>2<\/span>3transgressed yet more against the Lord, this king Ahaz. And sacrificed to the gods of Damascus that smote him, and said, Because the gods of the kings of Syria, they help them, I will sacrifice to them, that they may help me: and they were the downfall of him and of all Israel. 24And Ahaz gathered the vessels of the house of God, and cut up the vessels of the house of God, and shut the doors of the house of the Lord; and he made him altars in every corner of Jerusalem. 25And in every single city of Judah he made high places to burn incense to other gods, and provoked to anger the Lord God of his fathers.<\/p>\n<p>26And the rest of his acts and all his ways, first and last, behold, they are written in the book of the kings of Judah and Israel. 27And Ahaz slept with his fathers, and they buried him in the city in Jerusalem: for they brought him not into the sepulchres of the kings of Israel: and Hezekiah his son reigned in his stead.<\/p>\n<p><strong>EXEGETICAL<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>We take together the reports, contained in 2 Chronicles 24-28, of the five reigns from Joash to Ahaz, partly on account of their general similarity, partly because in <span class='bible'>2 Kings 12, 14-16<\/span>, we have pretty full and nearly literal parallels to them.<\/p>\n<p>1.Reign of Joash under the Guidance of Jehoiada: Repair of the Temple: <span class='bible'>2Ch 24:1-14<\/span>The parallel account in <span class='bible'>2Ki 12:1-17<\/span> is more detailed in the statement of several circumstances, especially with regard to the repair of the temple, but yet receives many important supplements from the present narrative, which is derived from the same sources, but constructed on different views and principles.<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch 24:2<\/span>. <em>All the days of Jehoiada the priest<\/em>. Somewhat different in 2 Kings: during all his days, while Jehoiada instructed him.<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch 24:3<\/span>. <em>And Jehoiada chose for him two wives<\/em>.  here obviously expresses this sense, not as in <span class='bible'>2Ch 13:21<\/span> :  took to himself; for it refers to this, that the young king soon married and begat an heir to the throne.<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch 24:4-14<\/span>. The Repair of the Temple; comp. Bhrs exposition of <span class='bible'>2Ki 12:5-17<\/span>.<em>To renew the house of the Lord<\/em>; comp. <span class='bible'>2Ch 15:8<\/span>, and the synonym to repair (properly, strengthen, make strong again) in <span class='bible'>2Ch 24:5<\/span>; <span class='bible'>2Ki 12:6<\/span>.<em>And hasten ye the matter<\/em>, properly,  with respect to the matter. On the relation of the following statement, according to which the Levites hastened not, to the apparently different narrative in 2 Kings, comp. Bhr.<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch 24:6<\/span>. <em>And the king called for Jehoiada the chief<\/em>, namely, of the priesthood, by which, however, is not necessarily meant the high priest; the phrase  , head-priest, supreme priest, may (as, for example, above <span class='bible'>2Ch 19:11<\/span> of Amariah, or beneath <span class='bible'>2Ch 26:20<\/span> of Azariah, under King Uzziah) denote the legal high priest, but has not necessarily this meaning; comp. on 23.8.<em>Why hast thou not required of the Levites to bring in<\/em>, literally, asked of the Levites, etc. (comp. <span class='bible'>Job 5:8<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Psa 142:3<\/span>) ? The  tax  or assessment of Moses (, as <span class='bible'>2Ch 24:9<\/span>; comp. <span class='bible'>Eze 20:40<\/span>) is that of the sanctuary (heaveoffering) imposed, <span class='bible'>Exo 30:12-16<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Exo 38:25<\/span>, by Moses, and willingly paid by the community of Israel, of half a shekel a head.<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch 24:7<\/span>. <em>For Athaliah<\/em> . . . (and) <em>her sons<\/em>. By these sons of Athaliah are scarcely meant the priests of Baal (Jerome) or certain bastard sons of the queen (Ewald, <em>Gesch<\/em>. iii. 1, 290), but probably Ahaziah with his brothers and brothers sons (comp. <span class='bible'>2Ch 21:17<\/span>, <span class='bible'>2Ch 22:3<\/span> f.), that might have shown their zeal for idolatry at a very early age (comp. Berth., also Hitz. <em>Gesch. p. 203<\/em>).<em>Broken up the house of God<\/em>; , as <span class='bible'>1Ch 13:11<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Job 30:14<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Ecc 10:8<\/span>.<em>All the consecrated things of the house of the Lord<\/em>; all the gold and silver vessels, weapons, etc., preserved there as gifts. Of such profanation of the temple treasures by the idolatrous sons of Athaliah, moreover, the Chronist only reports, who here supplements the statements of 2 Kings.<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch 24:10<\/span>. <em>Cast into the chest till it was full<\/em>.  , as <span class='bible'>2Ch 21:1<\/span> (comp. also  , <span class='bible'>2Ki 13:17<\/span>; <span class='bible'>2Ki 13:19<\/span>); literally, even to making full, whereby may be meant either the fulness of the number of givers, or even the fulness of the chest that received the gifts. The latter sense, which the Sept and Vulg. express, commends itself most, as <span class='bible'>2Ch 24:11<\/span> shows, and should not therefore have been questioned by Berth., Kamph., etc.<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch 24:11<\/span>. <em>And at the time<\/em>, etc., literally, and it came to pass at the time when one brought the chest to the survey of the king, that is, for the royal surveillance or keeping (, as in <span class='bible'>2Ch 23:18<\/span>).<em>And when they saw that there was much money<\/em>, properly, and on their seeing, etc.<em>Thus they did day by day<\/em>, literally,  to day by day  (comp. <span class='bible'>1Ch 12:22<\/span>), that is, every day when it was necessary, every time that the chest was full.<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch 24:12<\/span>. <em>And the king . . . gave it to the work-master of the service of the house of the Lord<\/em>.   here, not  service in the house of the Lord, as <span class='bible'>1Ch 23:24<\/span>, but labour, repair of the house of the Lord.<em>And they hired<\/em>, literally, and they were hiring, continually from day to day; comp. <span class='bible'>Mat 20:1<\/span> ff.  Masons and carpenters; so in <span class='bible'>1Ch 22:14<\/span>; comp. <span class='bible'>Ezr 3:7<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch 24:13<\/span>. <em>And furtherance was given to the work by their hand<\/em>, literally, there went up (was laid, <span class='bible'>Jer 8:22<\/span>) binding on the work; on , binding, healing, comp. <span class='bible'>Neh 6:1<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Jer 30:17<\/span>.<em>And they set the house of God in its form<\/em>; literally, on its measure (<span class='bible'>Exo 30:32<\/span>), that is, in the original proportions.<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch 24:14<\/span>. <em>And they made of it vessels<\/em>, literally, made it vessels (into vessels); comp. <span class='bible'>Ezr 1:7<\/span>.<em>Vessels for ministering and offering<\/em>, altar vessels (comp. <span class='bible'>Num 4:12<\/span>), from which cups (<span class='bible'>Exo 25:29<\/span>) and other gold and silver vessels are there distinguished.<em>And they offered burnt-offerings . . . all the days of Jehoiada<\/em>: as long as he had the direction of the temple worship, it was conducted in a regular and legal way; that it had quite ceased after Jehoiadas death, neither the present phrase nor the subsequent narrative affirms.<\/p>\n<p>2. Death of Jehoiada: Stoning of his Son: the Prophet Zechariah: <span class='bible'>2Ch 24:15-22<\/span>. There is no parallel to this section in <span class='bible'>2 Kings 12<\/span>; but it is of no less importance for the pragmatic understanding of that which is related underneath, <span class='bible'>2Ch 24:23<\/span> ff., concerning the last events in the life of Joash.<em>And Jehoiada was old and full of days.<\/em>  as otherwise only of the patriarchs Abraham and Isaac, of David (<span class='bible'>1Ch 24:1<\/span>; comp. <span class='bible'>2Ch 29:28<\/span>), and of Job (<span class='bible'>Job 42:17<\/span>), so in general is it used only of five men of God in the Old Testament; comp. Achelis, <em>Das Zeitalter der Patriarchen<\/em>, a contribution to the understanding of Scripture (Barm. 1871), p. 46. From the following statement of his age as 130 years at his death, it follows that he must have been about 100 years old when he helped his nephew by a successful revolution to the throne (877 b.C. by the common chronology); for the repair of the temple carried on by Joash and him (which he survived for a time, according to <span class='bible'>2Ch 24:14<\/span> of our chapter), fell, according to <span class='bible'>2Ki 12:7<\/span>, in the twenty-third year of that king.<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch 24:16<\/span>. <em>And they buried him . . . with the kings<\/em>. With this honourable distinction bestowed upon him at his death, the directly following record of the slaughter of his like-minded son stands in the same contrast as that presented by Christ, <span class='bible'>Mat 23:29<\/span> ff., over against the Pharisees.<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch 24:17<\/span>. <em>Bowed down before the king<\/em>, earnestly entreating; for what? The following words show that it was for permission to worship strange gods along with the Lord. That Joash himself forthwith took part in this worship of idols is not affirmed, but that he bore the full responsibility of it, and afterwards took a direct part in the impiety, is plain from <span class='bible'>2Ch 24:21<\/span> f.; comp. <span class='bible'>2Ch 24:25<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch 24:18<\/span>. <em>Served the Asherim,<\/em> etc.; comp. on <span class='bible'>2Ch 16:2<\/span>. For the flame of wrath () which this enkindled, comp. <span class='bible'>2Ch 19:2<\/span>; <span class='bible'>2Ch 19:10<\/span>, <span class='bible'>2Ch 29:8<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch 24:19<\/span>. <em>Testified against them<\/em>, by way of warning, pointing to the inevitable consequences of their apostasy; comp. <span class='bible'>2Ki 17:13<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Psa 50:7<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Neh 9:26<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Neh 9:29<\/span>. Was Joel also among these prophetic monitors? As we may conjecture from his book that his age nearly coincided with the reign of Joash, it is not improbable; comp. Wnsche, <em>Die Weissagung des Proph. Joel<\/em>, Introd. p. 13 ff.; also Keil, <em>Introd. to the O. T<\/em>. p. 322 f.<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch 24:20<\/span>. <em>And the Spirit of God clothed Zechariah son of Jehoiada the priest<\/em>. On , clothe, comp. <span class='bible'>1Ch 12:18<\/span>. The identity with the Zechariah mentioned by Christ, <span class='bible'>Mat 23:35<\/span>, <span class='bible'>Luk 11:51<\/span>, as slain between the temple and the altar, who is called in the former passage the son of Barachias, is to be assumed the more certainly, as1. The place of his death quite agrees there and here (the  is the altar of burnt-offering, which stood in the court; comp. <span class='bible'>2Ch 24:21<\/span>); 2. An allusion is made in the speech of Christ to our passage before mentioning the martyrdom of Zechariah; see above on <span class='bible'>2Ch 24:16<\/span>; <span class='bible'>2<\/span> Chronicles , 3. The Barachias named in <span class='bible'>Mat 23:35<\/span> as the father of Zechariah may have been the son of Jehoiada, and Zechariah his grandson, which is highly probable, from the great age to which Jehoiada attained.<em>Stood up before the people<\/em>, properly, above the people ( , as in <span class='bible'>2Ch 13:4<\/span>); the inner court, from which he spoke, and where he was afterwards slain, was higher than the outer, where the people stood.<em>And do not prosper<\/em>, or: and will be unfortunate, will have no success. The two things are, in a theocratico-prophetical point of view, inseparably connected: the forsaking of the Lord (comp. <span class='bible'>2Ch 12:5<\/span>, <span class='bible'>2Ch 15:2<\/span>, etc.), and becoming unfortunate; comp. <span class='bible'>2Ch 26:5<\/span> (Uzziah).<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch 24:21<\/span>. <em>And they conspired against him<\/em>; comp. 2Ch 24:25; <span class='bible'>1Ki 15:27<\/span>, and also <span class='bible'>2Ch 23:13<\/span>. The true witness of God is slain by stoning, the very penalty which is in the law (<span class='bible'>Lev 20:2<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Lev 24:23<\/span>) imposed on idolaters, to which therefore his murderers were doomed.<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch 24:22<\/span>. <em>And Joash . . . remembered not the kindness<\/em>; , as in <span class='bible'>Mic 6:8<\/span>. Joash appears here designated as the murderer of the son (or grandson) of Jehoiada, certainly not for mere silent connivance at the wicked deed, but for positive and direct participation in it; comp. <span class='bible'>2Ch 24:21<\/span>.<em>The Lord shall see and require, or<\/em>  will see (comp. <span class='bible'>Psa 84:10<\/span>) and require (, here seek revenge, punish; comp. <span class='bible'>Psa 9:13<\/span>; <span class='bible'>1Sa 20:16<\/span>).<\/p>\n<p>3. Distress of Joash by the Syrians, and his End: <span class='bible'>2Ch 24:23-27<\/span>. Here again <span class='bible'>2Ki 12:18-21<\/span> affords a parallel, where that which relates to the invasion of the Syrians is narrated more particularly, and their king, Hazael (Haza-ilu of the Assyrian inscriptions), is named as executor of this judgment on Joash.<em>And it came to pass in the course of a year<\/em>, in the circuit of a year, the year beginning with the death of the prophet Zechariah.<em>That the host of Syria<\/em>, as in <span class='bible'>2Ch 24:24<\/span>.<em>And destroyed all the princes of the people out of the people<\/em>, out of the mass of the people (comp. <span class='bible'>Psa 89:20<\/span>), so that these were spared, but their chiefs, who were the authors of the religious and moral evil (<span class='bible'>2Ch 24:17<\/span> f.), were overtaken by the doom of extermination. On the variants in the old versions with respect to out of the people, see Crit. Note.<em>With few men<\/em>, literally, with smallness of men; comp. <span class='bible'>Job 8:7<\/span>.<em>And they executed judgments upon Joash<\/em>.  , as in <span class='bible'>Exo 12:12<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Num 33:4<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Eze 5:10<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Eze 5:15<\/span>; elsewhere with , here with  (comp.   , <span class='bible'>1Sa 24:19<\/span>).The judgment upon Joash refers especially to the mortal wound which he received.<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch 24:25<\/span>. <em>For they left him with many wounds<\/em>. , less suitably translated diseases by Luther, occurs only here; but comp. the similar 21:19 With respect to the somewhat surprising sons of Jehoiada (instead of son), see Crit. Note.<em>And slew him on his bed;<\/em> narrated more particularly <span class='bible'>2Ki 12:21<\/span>. The burial was not in the tombs of the kings, but in another place, as in the case of Joram; see <span class='bible'>2Ch 21:20<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch 24:26<\/span>. On the names of the conspirators, of which one is different in <span class='bible'>2 Kings 12<\/span> (Jozachar for Zabad), see Bhr on this passage.<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch 24:27<\/span>. <em>And his sons, and the greatness of the burden upon him<\/em>, the greatness of the treasure which he had to send as tribute to Hazael in Syria; comp. <span class='bible'>2Ki 12:19<\/span>. So it is perhaps to be explained (with Then. and Kamph.) on the basis of the <em>Kethib<\/em>  . Possible also is the interpretation adopted by Cleric., Keil, and others: and the multitude of prophetic oracles concerning him (comp. <span class='bible'>2Ch 24:19<\/span>), though in this case the singular  is somewhat strange. On the contrary, the reference, attempted by the Vulg., Luther, and others, of the   to the temple tribute (<span class='bible'>2Ch 24:6<\/span>; <span class='bible'>2Ch 24:9<\/span>) imposed by Joash would require a change into , and the  would not suit this view (for which we should rather expect  . The <em>Keri<\/em> gives rise to the sense:  and with regard to his sons the oracle (that of the dying Zechariah, <span class='bible'>2Ch 24:22<\/span><em> b<\/em>) multiplied itself in them, which is obviously much too obscure, and could scarcely be intended by the Masoretes themselves. The Sept. alters the text quite arbitrarily,      (  for ), and so the Syriac.<em>Behold, they are written in the commentary of the book of Kings<\/em>, the elaboration of this book; comp. on <span class='bible'>2Ch 13:12<\/span>, and Introd.  5, ii.<\/p>\n<p>4. Amaziah: <em>a.<\/em> Duration of his Reign, and its Spirit: <span class='bible'>2Ch 25:1-4<\/span>; comp. the essentially parallel verses, <span class='bible'>2Ki 14:1-6<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch 25:2<\/span>. <em>And he did. . . but not with undivided heart<\/em>. For this is in 2 Kings: yet not like David his father, he did according to all that his father Joash did. This more particular statement our author avoided, perhaps, on account of the less favourable light in which he had exhibited Joash. The following also: only the high places were not removed, etc., he omits; perhaps he intended sufficiently to indicate this partial continuance of idolatry by his not with undivided heart (comp. <span class='bible'>2Ch 16:9<\/span>).<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch 25:4<\/span>. <em>Put not their sons to death<\/em>, according to the law, <span class='bible'>Deu 24:16<\/span>; comp. Bhr on <span class='bible'>2Ki 14:6<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>5. Continuation: <em>b<\/em>. The Conquest of the Edomites in the Valley of Salt: <span class='bible'>2Ch 25:5-13<\/span>. Again a section peculiar to the Chronist, for which nothing is found in <span class='bible'>2Ki 14:7<\/span> but the brief notice that Amaziah smote the Edomites in the valley of Salt, took their city Sela, and gave it the name Joktheel.<em>And he mustered them<\/em> (comp. <span class='bible'>Num 1:3<\/span>) <em>and found them<\/em> 300,000 <em>choice men<\/em>; thus almost a million less than the force of Judah and Benjamin under Jehoshaphat, <span class='bible'>2 Chronicles 17<\/span>, and, if the numbers there are to be considered incorrect, even much less than the sum total of the troops of the south kingdom given in <span class='bible'>2Ch 14:7<\/span> for the time of Asa. But it is obvious that the number of troops must be shown to be much diminished by defeats sustained during the last reigns and other calamities, and therefore in need of being strengthened by foreign mercenary soldiers, as the following verse clearly proves.<em>Going out to war<\/em> (comp. <span class='bible'>1Ch 5:18<\/span>), <em>holding spear and shield<\/em>; comp. <span class='bible'>1Ch 13:9<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Jer 46:9<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch 25:7<\/span>. <em>With all the sons of Ephraim<\/em>. This is a more definite addition to Israel (comp. <span class='bible'>Isa 17:3<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Isa 28:1<\/span>) that appears not unnecessary, because the author often designates the kingdom or people of Judah also as Israel (comp. on <span class='bible'>2Ch 12:1<\/span>).<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch 25:8<\/span>. <em>But go thou<\/em> alone, <em>do<\/em>, or  execute it; comp. <span class='bible'>1Ch 22:16<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Ezr 10:4<\/span>.<em>Be strong for the battle<\/em>, (otherwise) <em>God shall make thee fall before the enemy<\/em>. The sense is obvious; be strong, then will God not let thee fall. Before  is to be supplied , with Ew., Berth., Keil, Kamph., etc.; for the   can neither be taken (with Cleric.) = <em>sin minus<\/em>, nor (with Seb. Schmidt, Ramb., etc.) = <em>alioquin<\/em>. That the text certainly needs emendation is manifest from the arbitrary and diverse interpretations presented by the old translators; for example, the Sept.      ; Vulg. <em>quod si vultis in robore exercitus bella consistere<\/em>; Luther, For so thou comest as to show a boldness in fight, God will let thee fall before thy enemies.<em>For with God is power to help and to cast down<\/em>, literally, present is might in God, etc. For the sentence, comp. <span class='bible'>1Ch 29:12<\/span>; <span class='bible'>2Ch 20:6<\/span>; also the well-known verse of G. Neumark, He is the only wonder-man, who now lift up, now cast down can.<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch 25:9<\/span>. <em>What shall we do for the<\/em> 100 <em>talents<\/em>? In the mouth of a prudent ruler, who counts the cost in all his steps, certainly a very pardonable question, even as the answer given to it is highly worthy of a trustful man of God. , troop, that is, a body of mercenaries; comp. 2Ch 22:1; <span class='bible'>2Ki 13:20<\/span> f.<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch 25:10<\/span>. <em>To wit, the host,<\/em> etc.  before  is the defining =namely (comp. <span class='bible'>2Ch 25:5<\/span><em> a<\/em>); the whole is in apposition to the suffix in <em>And they returned to their place in hot anger,<\/em> literally, in the glow of anger (comp. <span class='bible'>Exo 11:8<\/span>), enraged at the bad usage they had received, and at the prospect of booty being first held out to them and then withdrawn (comp. <span class='bible'>Act 16:9<\/span>).<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch 25:11<\/span>. <em>And Amaziah took courage.<\/em>, as in <span class='bible'>2Ch 15:8<\/span>; comp. also the  of the prophet in <span class='bible'>2Ch 25:8<\/span>. On the situation of the valley of Salt (south-east of the Dead Sea), see Bahr on <span class='bible'>2Ki 14:7<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch 25:12<\/span>. <em>And brought them to the top of the rock<\/em> ( ), probably the rock on or at which the Edomite capital Sela lay, so that the rendering on the top of Sela (Kamph., etc.) is admissible. The passage in <span class='bible'>2Ki 14:7<\/span>, where the taking of Sela after the victory in the valley of Salt is recorded, and the present one thus complete one another. That the present report of the Chronist is merely derived from a misunderstanding of the text of the old source, somehow become illegible (Then, on <span class='bible'>2Ki 14:7<\/span>), appears an inadmissible assumption on this account, that our writer would not have imputed so frightful and barbarous a proceeding as the throwing of thousands of captive Edomites down a precipice (comp. for the matter of fact, <span class='bible'>Psa 137:9<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Luk 4:29<\/span>), on light grounds or on a mere misunderstanding, to a king like Amaziah (comp. on <span class='bible'>1Ch 18:2<\/span>; <span class='bible'>1Ch 20:3<\/span>). Besides, the number 10,000 here, as in the previous verse, is a round number, and not to be pressed in its literal sense.<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch 25:13<\/span>. <em>And the men of the host<\/em> (literally, sons of the host, that is, the troops belonging to it) <em>fell upon the cities of Judah;<\/em> comp. for construction, <span class='bible'>Gen 22:24<\/span>. This pillaging raid of the mercenaries is to be regarded as simultaneous with the absence of Amaziah in Idumea, and favoured thereby; comp. the similar events in the thirty years and the seven years wars; also the invasion of Switzerland by the Armagnacs, and of Elsass under the Emperor Frederic III. (1444), etc.<em>From Samaria even to Beth-horon,<\/em> that is, with Samaria as starting-point, and Beth-horon (see for its site on <span class='bible'>1Ch 7:24<\/span>) as the termination of their raid, so that all the towns between these two, so far as they belonged to Judah, were exposed to pillage.<\/p>\n<p>6. Close: <em>c<\/em>. Amaziahs Idolatry, War with Joash of Israel, and End: <span class='bible'>2Ch 25:14-28<\/span>. The second book of Kings presents no parallel to the statements regarding the desertion of Amaziah to the gods of the conquered Edomites, <span class='bible'>2Ch 25:14-16<\/span>. On the contrary, the report of the war with Joash of Israel (<span class='bible'>2Ch 25:17-24<\/span>) agrees almost literally with <span class='bible'>2Ki 14:8-14<\/span>, as also the following <span class='bible'>2Ch 25:25-28<\/span> with the closing remarks there, <span class='bible'>2Ch 25:17-20<\/span><em>After Amaziah was come from smiting the Edomites;<\/em> comp. <span class='bible'>2Sa 1:1<\/span>.The gods of the children of Seir are naturally their idols (otherwise  or ); and the conquered Edomites are here called children of Seir, not because they were identical with the tribe of Seirites or Meunites (<span class='bible'>2Ch 20:1<\/span>; <span class='bible'>2Ch 20:10<\/span>; <span class='bible'>2Ch 20:22<\/span>) who dwelt with them, but because here, where the peculiarity of their gods as hill-gods came into view (comp. <span class='bible'>1Ki 20:23<\/span>), it was very natural to designate them according to the hill-country in which they dwelt.<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch 25:16<\/span>. <em>Have we made thee counsellor to the king?<\/em> properly, given; the plural  is of communicative import, spoken from the position of the king and his council. With the question: Why should they smite thee? comp. the similar one: Why will ye die, O house of Israel? (<span class='bible'>Eze 33:11<\/span>.)<em>I know<\/em> (have now observed) <em>that God hath resolved to destroy thee;<\/em> comp. <span class='bible'>1Sa 2:25<\/span> (Eli); and <span class='bible'>Exo 6:1<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Exo 10:1<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Exo 10:11<\/span> :I, etc. (Pharaoh).<em>Because thou hast done this<\/em> (worshipped the gods of Edom), <em>and hast not hearkened to my counsel.<\/em> Thus the prophet declares himself authorized to give counsel to the king, however scornfully the latter may have deprecated this as an assumption on his part.<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch 25:17<\/span> ff.; comp. Bhr on <span class='bible'>2Ki 14:8<\/span> ff.<em>Took counsel,<\/em> namely, with his counsellors and courtiers; comp. <span class='bible'>2Ch 10:6<\/span>; <span class='bible'>1Ch 13:1<\/span> Luthers rendering is also possible: resolved, came to the decision after counsel taken.<em>Come<\/em> (  = , come on; comp. <span class='bible'>Num 23:13<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Jdg 19:13<\/span>), <em>let us look one another in the face,<\/em> measure, have a passage at arms with one another.<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch 25:19<\/span>. <em>Thou sayest, Lo, thou hast smitten Edom,<\/em> or if thou hast smitten. It is, moreover, of the same import if we render (with Luther, Kamph., etc.) I have smitten.<em>And thy heart hath lifted thee up<\/em> (or carried, urged thee; comp. <span class='bible'>Exo 35:21<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Exo 35:26<\/span>) <em>to boast,<\/em> properly, to make heavy; comp. Isa. 8:23. It is considerably different in <span class='bible'>2Ki 14:10<\/span>; see Bhr on the passage.<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch 25:20<\/span>. <em>For it was of God that they should be given up,<\/em> literally, that they might be given into the hand (of the enemy); comp. <span class='bible'>Deu 1:27<\/span>; <span class='bible'>1Ki 20:42<\/span>, etc.<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch 25:22<\/span>. <em>And they fled every man to his tent,<\/em> to his house; comp. 2Ch 10:16; <span class='bible'>1Ki 8:66<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch 25:23<\/span>. <em>From the gate of Ephraim to the corner gate;<\/em> so according to the emendation   for  , which latter reading gives no rational sense, as the direction in which the gate in question turns itself must have been stated if   meant the gate turning itself (comp. <span class='bible'>Eze 8:3<\/span>).<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch 25:24<\/span>. <em>And all the gold,<\/em> namely, he took, a verb () which is to be supplied from <span class='bible'>2Ki 14:14<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch 25:25-28<\/span>. Comp. Bhr on the parallel <span class='bible'>2Ki 14:17-20<\/span>; and with regard to the book of the kings of Judah and Israel (<span class='bible'>2Ch 25:26<\/span>), Introd.  5, ii.<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch 25:28<\/span>. <em>In the city of Judah<\/em> appears to be an error in copying for in the city of David, occasioned by the following   (<span class='bible'>2Ch 26:1<\/span>); comp. Crit. Note. If the Masoretic reading is to be retained, we might be tempted to think of the designation  , occurring <span class='bible'>Luk 1:39<\/span>, which, however, can scarcely be supposed to refer to Jerusalem (see Van Oosterzee on this passage).<\/p>\n<p>7. Uzziah: <em>a<\/em>. His early Theocratic Inclination and Prosperous Reign: <span class='bible'>2Ch 26:1-15<\/span>; comp. the very brief parallel, <span class='bible'>2Ki 14:21-22<\/span>; <span class='bible'>2Ki 15:1-2<\/span>, where the present (<span class='bible'>2Ch 26:6-15<\/span>) report of the successful wars of Uzziah, his buildings, and his strong military force, is wanting. There, moreover, this king, along with the present name (, might of Jehovah), bears also the name Azariah ( or  whom Jehovah helps). Comp. 2Ki 14:21; <span class='bible'>2Ki 15:1<\/span>; 2Ki 15:6; <span class='bible'>2Ki 15:8<\/span>; <span class='bible'>2Ki 15:23<\/span>; <span class='bible'>2Ki 15:27<\/span>, where the latter form is used, with 2Ki 15:13; <span class='bible'>2Ki 15:30<\/span>; <span class='bible'>2Ki 15:32<\/span>; <span class='bible'>2Ki 15:34<\/span>, where Uzziah stands, the form which the Chronist, irrespective of <span class='bible'>1Ch 3:12<\/span>, always uses, and which is also found in the superscriptions of the prophets Hosea, Amos, and Isaiah, as in <span class='bible'>Isa 6:1<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Isa 7:1<\/span>. The Assyrian cuneate inscriptions (the tablets of Tiglath-pileser; see Schrader, p. 114) present exclusively the form Azariah (Az-ri-ya-hu), whereby the opinion of those who regard this form as the later, or as the result of a mere error of writing, is refuted (so, for example, Gesen.-Dietrich in <em>Lexicon<\/em>). But Hitzigs hypothesis also (<em>Gesch.<\/em> p. 209), that the name Azariah was transformed from that of the high priest contemporary with him (<span class='bible'>2Ch 26:17<\/span>) to the king, is refuted by this evidence of Assyrian inscriptions. Much rather the only assumption that remains warranted is: that the similar names of almost equal import were used simultaneously (Berth.); as was the case, for example, with Uzziel and Azarel, a descendant of Heman (<span class='bible'>1Ch 25:4<\/span>; <span class='bible'>1Ch 25:18<\/span>). Not even the conjecture expressed by Bhr on <span class='bible'>2Ki 14:21<\/span> : that the name Uzziah appears to have come into more general use after he ascended the throne, will harmonize with the fact that the Assyrian kings know only the name Azariah.<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch 26:2<\/span>. <em>He built Eloth.<\/em> On the emphatic prefixing of this notice, even before the chronological dates of the following verse, see Bhr on the passage.<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch 26:3<\/span>. <em>Reigned fifty-two years in Jerusalem,<\/em> 810759 b.C., according to the usual chronology, though, according to the Assyrian monuments, considerably later(according to Neteler, p. 225 ff., 786735). On the name of the queen-mother Jechiliah (in 2 Kings Jecholiah, not Jechaliah, as Luther writes), see the Crit. Note.<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch 26:5<\/span>. <em>And he continued to seek<\/em> God, literally, and he was to seek God, was out to seek Him; comp. <span class='bible'>2Ch 31:21<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Ezr 3:12<\/span>.<em>In the days of Zechariah, who understood the visions of God.<\/em> Accordingly this Zechariah, who is otherwise unknown (for he cannot be identified with the Zechariah son of Jeberechiah mentioned <span class='bible'>Isa 8:2<\/span>, as he was at least a generation older), must be considered a prophet, and    must be regarded as a chosen periphrasis for , the seer (comp. <span class='bible'>Dan 1:17<\/span>). But as the vision of God cannot be taken as a work of human activity, the reading of the Sept. and other old witnesses (see Crit. Note) commends itself more, which gives the sense expert in the fear of God, or even teacher of the fear of God (comp. <span class='bible'>Neh 8:9<\/span>). Zechariah remains a prophetic teacher and counsellor of King Uzziah even with this reading (for his possible priestly character would have been marked by a ); but that he was a master in divine visions is not to be read from it; and still less is it to be inferred that he and no other was the author of the oracles of Balaam (as is asserted in an arbitrary way by Frst, <em>Gesch. der bibl. Literatur.<\/em> ii. pp. 231, 359).<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch 26:6-15<\/span>. Uzziahs Successful Wars, Building of Cities, etc. (without parallel in 2 Kings).<em>And he<\/em> . . . fought with the Philistines, to punish their pillaging inroad under Joram (<span class='bible'>2Ch 21:16<\/span> f.). This punishment must have been inflicted by him in very full measure, probably by the subjection of their whole territory; for the cities said to have been destroyed by him, Gath (see on <span class='bible'>2Ch 9:8<\/span>), Jabneh (=Jabneel, <span class='bible'>Jos 15:11<\/span>, later=Jamnia in the Maccab. and in Josephus), and Ashdod (now Esdud, comp. on <span class='bible'>Jos 13:3<\/span>), were at that time the chief places of the Philistines.<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch 26:7<\/span>. <em>And God helped him.. . against the Arabs,<\/em> who are named also, <span class='bible'>2Ch 17:11<\/span>, with the Philistines. Where Gurbaal was is uncertain; it is by no means to be identified (after the Sept., see Crit. Note) with the Edomite Petra; rather with Gerar (<span class='bible'>Gen 20:1<\/span>), of which the Targ. thinks. Concerning the Meunites, see on <span class='bible'>1Ch 4:41<\/span>; <span class='bible'>2Ch 20:1<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>Ver, 8. <em>And his name went even to Egypt,<\/em> literally, even to the entrance of Egypt. But by the name of Uzziah is scarcely meant merely his fame (Luther), but also his active influence, his power.<em>For he became very mighty,<\/em> literally, showed himself mighty (<span class='bible'>Dan 11:7<\/span>) unto the height (comp. <span class='bible'>1Ch 14:2<\/span>; <span class='bible'>1Ch 29:25<\/span>).<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch 26:9<\/span>. <em>And Uzziah built towers . . . at the corner gate.<\/em> The corner gate (comp. <span class='bible'>2Ch 25:23<\/span>) lay at the north-west end of the city; the valley gate on the west side, where the Jaffa gate is now. On the east, over against these two points belonging to the west side where defence was most needed, is , the corner, to be soughtnamely, a bend of the eastern wall near the horse gate; comp. <span class='bible'>Neh 3:19-20<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Neh 3:24-25<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch 26:10<\/span>. <em>And he built towers in the wilderness,<\/em> in the wilderness of Judah, to protect the herds grazing there; comp. <span class='bible'>1Ch 27:25<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Mic 4:8<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Isa 5:2<\/span>; in which latter place mention is made of the digging of a well along with the tower building.<em>For he had much cattle in the lowland,<\/em> etc., properly, and in the lowland and in the plain, etc. It appears, therefore, as if three regions were here distinguished1. The wilderness (of Judah) west of the Dead Sea; 2. The lowlands at the Mediterranean (comp. <span class='bible'>1Ch 27:28<\/span>); 3. The plain (), perhaps the plain beyond the Jordan, the territory of the Reubenites, a region specially adapted for grazing, which Uzziah was under the necessity of taking from the Ammonites (<span class='bible'>2Ch 26:8<\/span>).<em>Husbandmen and vinedressers in the mountains.<\/em> Kamph. connects against the accents, in the plain, husbandmen. He will also explain  neither of the Mount Carmel (<span class='bible'>Jos 19:26<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Son 7:6<\/span>), nor of Carmel in the south of Judah (<span class='bible'>1Sa 15:12<\/span>), but renders in the fruitful field (comp. <span class='bible'>Isa 29:17<\/span>), for which there is no constraining necessity.<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch 26:11<\/span>. <em>And Uzziah had a host of fighting men,<\/em> literally, a host (comp. <span class='bible'>2Ch 14:7<\/span>) maker of war (comp. <span class='bible'>2Ch 26:13<\/span>; <span class='bible'>2Ch 11:1<\/span>), that went out to war (comp. <span class='bible'>1Ch 5:8<\/span>) in troops (in a marshalled host).<em>By the number of their muster at the hand of Jeuel.<\/em>, as afterwards, under the guidance of Hananiah, is expressed by at the hand (  as <span class='bible'>1Ch 25:6<\/span>). The captain Hananiah appears therefore is superintendent, Jeuel and Maaseiah as subordinate executive officers in the business of the muster.<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch 26:13<\/span>. <em>And at their hand<\/em> ( , as in the previous verse) <em>an army of<\/em> 307,500 <em>fighting men.<\/em> Thus each of the 2600 father-houses constituted a corps under the command of the bravest among them. The total number of 307,500 warriors agrees in the main with the above statement of the strength of the army under Amaziah, <span class='bible'>2Ch 25:5<\/span>, and presupposes the more certainly an actual numeration for its basis, as it is not a round number.<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch 26:14<\/span>. <em>And Uzziah prepared for them;<\/em> comp. <span class='bible'>1Ch 15:1<\/span>; <span class='bible'>1Ch 22:5<\/span>,<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch 26:15<\/span>. <em>He made engines, the invention of craftsmen,<\/em> literally, devices (, <em>excogitata<\/em>), the device of the deviser ( ), skilfully contrived engines of war, as the following words showa kind of catapults or balisters, for assaulting besieging troops from the walls and towers of defence.<em>And his name went forth,<\/em> etc.; comp. above, <span class='bible'>2Ch 26:8<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>8. Uzziah: <em>b<\/em>. His Boasting and Divine Punishment by Leprosy; his End: <span class='bible'>2Ch 26:16-23<\/span>. Comp. <span class='bible'>2Ki 15:5-7<\/span>, where, however, the mere fact of the kings becoming leprous is mentioned, without particularizing the cause, so that in fact the three verses correspond only to our <span class='bible'>2Ch 26:21-23<\/span>.<em>And when he became strong,<\/em>, as in <span class='bible'>2Ch 12:1<\/span>. For the following: to do corruptly (), comp. <span class='bible'>2Ch 27:2<\/span>.<em>Went into the temple of the Lord to burn incense,<\/em> which, according to <span class='bible'>Exo 30:7<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Exo 30:27<\/span>, <span class='bible'>Num 18:1-7<\/span>, only priests were to do. Uzziah wished to exercise regal and sacerdotal functions at the same time (as the Egyptian kings, and afterwards the Roman emperors). He fell into the same sin as Saul before him (<span class='bible'>1Sa 13:9<\/span> f.). It was not the restitution of a formerly legitimate union of regal and sacerdotal power, as it was nominally possessed by David and Solomon (Thenius, Ewald), which was his aim; for only occasionally, and in certain religious solemnities of an extraordinary kind, had those kings exercised several priestly functions, with the permission of the lawful priests (so correctly Bertheau, Keil, etc.).<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch 26:17<\/span>. <em>And Azariah the priest.<\/em> Whether he was actually high priest is not determined with perfect certainty from his subsequent designation as   (as in the case of Jehoiada; see on <span class='bible'>2Ch 23:8<\/span>); yet it is most probable that the head priest, who was accompanied with eighty priests, was the actual legitimate holder of high-priestly office. But very improbable is the identity asserted by Keil of this Azariah with the Azariah named in the list of high priests. 1 Chron. 5:36, 37, as the father of Amariah, who belongs certainly to a considerably earlier time (see on this passage). On the predicate men of valour,  , comp. <span class='bible'>1Ch 5:18<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch 26:18<\/span>. <em>And they withstood Uzziah,<\/em> stood against him; comp. <span class='bible'>Dan 11:14<\/span>.<em>And it shall not be for thine honour from the Lord God,<\/em> that is, thy offering incense serves not, as thou fanciest, to increase thy honour and glory before God, but rather brings thee shame, because thou thereby showest thyself to be disobedient and apostate.<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch 26:19<\/span>. <em>And while he was wroth with the priests, the leprosy burst forth on his forehead,<\/em> in punishment of his impious attempt. The punishment is the same that Miriam endured on account of her rebellion against Moses (<span class='bible'>Num 12:10<\/span>), and with which Elishas servant Gehazi was visited for his covetousness (<span class='bible'>2Ki 5:27<\/span>). In a physical and pathological sense, also, the malady may have been brought on in all these cases in essentially the same way,by a strong physical excitement, which brought the leprosy, already existing as a tendency in the system, suddenly to a visible eruption (Friedreich, <em>Zur Bibel,<\/em> etc., pp. 228, 230). Wedel (<em>Exercitationes medico-philologic<\/em>, ii. 4. 9) quite arbitrarily asserts that Uzziahs malady was not leprosy, but syphilis. Not less arbitrary and contrary to the text is the attempt of K. Ad. Menzel to reduce the whole malady to a bold and sly mystification of the high priest Azariah, who suddenly cried out that he saw the sign of leprosy on the forehead of the king, and by this application of his medical authority so far robbed him of his self-command that he allowed himself to be arrested and put in a place of confinement (<em>Religion und Staatsidee,<\/em> p. 89; comp. on <span class='bible'>2Ch 16:13<\/span>). A special contrast to this crude attempt at a natural explanation by a miracle-rejecting rationalism is presented by the Jewish legend in Josephus, <em>Antiq.<\/em>ix. 10. 4, which makes Uzziah be punished not merely by becoming leprous (supposed to be produced by a sunstroke which fell through the split roof of the temple on his face), but also by a simultaneous violent earthquake, the same which is mentioned <span class='bible'>Amo 1:1<\/span>, by which that splitting of the temple roof was effected.<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch 26:21<\/span>. <em>And dwelt in a sick-house<\/em>, properly, a house of separation; see Bhr on <span class='bible'>2Ki 15:5<\/span>, where also all that is necessary is remarked on the probable (amounting only to a few years) duration of Uzziahs illness and of Jothams regency.<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch 26:23<\/span>. <em>And they buried him with his fathers in the burial-field of the kings; for they said, He is a leper.<\/em> They wished not to defile the proper tombs of the kings by burying his body in them, and therefore buried it in the field adjoining these tombs. In the parallel <span class='bible'>2Ki 15:7<\/span> f. this important detail is wanting.<\/p>\n<p>9. Jotham: <span class='bible'>2 Chronicles 27<\/span>; comp. <span class='bible'>2Ki 15:32-38<\/span>, and Bhr on this passage.<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch 27:2<\/span>. <em>Only he entered not into the temple of the Lord;<\/em> he abstained from such an impious undertaking as that of his father, <span class='bible'>2Ch 26:16<\/span> ff. This remark is wanting in 2 Kings. On the contrary, instead of the rather indefinite: and the people did yet corruptly (comp. on <span class='bible'>2Ch 26:16<\/span> ff.), we find there the more special statement: the people still sacrificed and burnt incense on the high places.<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch 27:3<\/span>. <em>And on the wall of Ophel he built much;<\/em> fortified thus the southern slope of the temple mountain, which is called Ophel (; comp. <span class='bible'>2Ch 33:14<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Neh 3:26-27<\/span>), and therein continued the fortifications of his father Uzziah, which had applied more to the west and east sides of the city wall. In 2 Kings this is wanting, as also the notice in the following verse of the towns and castles built by Jotham (for , castles, forts, see on <span class='bible'>2Ch 17:12<\/span>), while the previous notice regarding the building (anew) of the upper temple gate, the north gate in the inner court of the temple, is also found there.<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch 27:5<\/span>.<em>And he fought with the king of the sons of Ammon.<\/em> Of this victorious war with the Ammonites, also, nothing is found in 2 Kings. This war, like the buildings, appears to be a continuation of that waged by Uzziah; for, according to <span class='bible'>2Ch 26:8<\/span>, the Ammonites had also to pay tribute to that king. It was therefore an attempt at revolt, for which they were now punished by Jotham with the imposition of a new and heavier tribute (100 talents of silver, with 10,000 cors of barley and wheat yearly, is pretty well for a not very numerous people).<em>This the sons of Ammon paid him also in the second and the third year,<\/em> but no longer than during these three years; perhaps on account of the war of Syria and Ephraim with Judah, which took its rise under Jotham, <span class='bible'>2Ki 15:37<\/span>, and procured for the Ammonites their former independence.<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch 27:6<\/span>. <em>And Jotham strengthened himself,<\/em> namely, in his kingdom; comp. <span class='bible'>2Ch 13:21<\/span>, and the following: he established his ways, <span class='bible'>Pro 21:29<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch 27:7<\/span>. <em>And all his wars.<\/em> That these wars of Jotham, of which only one is here mentioned, were uniformly successful is not stated in the text; and therefore the war commenced with Syria and Ephraim, in which Jotham suffered some very severe defeats, may be here included (against Keil). In other respects the closing notices, <span class='bible'>2Ch 27:7-9<\/span>, agree essentially with <span class='bible'>2Ki 15:36<\/span>; <span class='bible'>2Ki 15:38<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>10. Ahaz: <em>a<\/em>. His Idolatry, and Defeat by the Syrians and Ephraimites: <span class='bible'>2Ch 28:1-8<\/span>; comp. <span class='bible'>2Ki 16:1<\/span> ff., where the first four verses, relating to the idolatry of Ahaz, agree tolerably well with <span class='bible'>2Ch 28:1-4<\/span> of our text; while the report of the war given in <span class='bible'>2Ch 28:5-18<\/span> presents considerable deviations from the narrative in our ch., <span class='bible'>2Ch 28:5<\/span> ff., <span class='bible'>2Ch 28:9<\/span>, and <span class='bible'>2Ch 28:16<\/span> ff. Comp. on these differences, as well as on the whole report of the war, C. P. Caspari, <em>Der syrisch-ephraimitische Krieg unter Jotham und Ahas,<\/em> Christiania 1849.<em>Ahaz was twenty years old.<\/em> Thus also <span class='bible'>2Ki 16:2<\/span>; but on account of the age of his son and successor,Hezekiah being already twenty-five at the death of Ahaz,it is more probable that the reading of the Sept., Syr., and Arab, is to be preferred, and the age of Ahaz at his accession set down at twenty-five (not, however, at thirty, as Hitzig, <em>Gesch. Isr.<\/em> p. 214, will have it). Moreover, the name Ahaz () is on the Assyrian monuments <em>Jahu<\/em><em>&#8211;<\/em><em>kha<\/em><em>&#8211;<\/em><em>zi<\/em>, which is elsewhere = the Hebr. Jehoahaz (); see Schrader, pp. 25, 147, 151 ff. This difference is either to be referred to this, that the later Jews in the Old Testament changed the actual name of the king, namely Jehoahaz, in consequence of his idolatrous propensity, into Ahaz, by the omission of the divine name, or to this, that the Assyrians falsely transferred to Ahaz the like-sounding name of an earlier king (Jehoahaz), as they made Jehu a son instead of a successor of Omri (Schrader, p. 152). If the first of these two conjectures, according to which Ahaz is a curtailed name, be correct, we may compare the change of such names as Jerubbaal (into Jerubbesheth) or Mephibaal (into Mephibosheth), and also the legend of the medival sects, as the Euchites, Bogomiles, etc., that Satan was originally called Satanael, and after his fall his name was deprived of the last syllable. Comp., moreover, on <span class='bible'>2Ch 28:21<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch 28:2<\/span> f. <em>And made also molten images for Baalim;<\/em> comp. <span class='bible'>Psa 106:19<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Jdg 17:3<\/span>, etc. Both these words and the following: and he burnt incense in the valley of Ben-hinnom, are wanting in 2 Kings; but they have there fallen out by an oversight (occasioned by a twofold ); comp. Bhr on the passage.<em>And burned his sons in the fire,<\/em> or made his sons pass through the fire. According to 2 Kings, he performed this barbarous human sacrifice only in the case of one son, which is intrinsically the more probable (comp. 2 Kings 30:27; 21:6); the plur.  of our passage is thus, as in <span class='bible'>2Ch 33:6<\/span>, merely a rhetorical generalization (Casp., Keil, Bhr, etc.). On <span class='bible'>2Ch 28:3<\/span><em> b<\/em> and 4, comp. Bhrs exposition of the parallel text.<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch 28:5<\/span>. <em>The Lord his God gave him into the hand of the king of Syria.<\/em> These introductory words of the following report of the war, compared with <span class='bible'>2Ki 16:6<\/span> ff., demonstrate that our writer proposes to give rather a rhetorically conceived than a strictly historical description of the chastisements inflicted on Ahaz by the Syrians and Ephraimites. Comp. Caspari as quoted, p. 42 ff., and Keil, p. 325 f.: The facts, which show how Ahaz, notwithstanding the grievous blows which fell on him and Judah, sinned yet more grievously against the Lord his God, are brought out of the historical material into relief, and oratorically represented, so that they display not only the increasing obstinacy of Ahaz, but also, by adducing the conduct of the citizens and warriors of the kingdom of Israel, the depth to which Judah had fallen.<em>And they smote him,<\/em> literally, on him, that is, they in flicted a defeat on his army.<em>And took from him a great many captives,<\/em> led captive from him a great leading of captives (, as in <span class='bible'>2Ch 28:11<\/span>; Neh. 3:36).<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch 28:6<\/span>. <em>And Pekah, son of Remaliah, slew in Judah<\/em> 120,000 <em>in one day,<\/em> that is, in a great battle, with the pursuit and plundering that followed. Against the suspicion cast on this number by de Wette Gesenius, Winer, and others, as exaggerated, see Caspari, p. 37 ff., who points with justice1. to the fanaticism of the Israelites and Syrians, who aimed directly at the annihilation of the Jewish power (Isa 7:6; <span class='bible'>2Ki 15:16<\/span>; comp. also <span class='bible'>2Ch 28:9<\/span>); 2. to the military strength of the Jews (307,500), stated shortly before under Uzziah, <span class='bible'>2Ch 26:13<\/span>, which shows that it was about a third of their force that was put to the sword; 3. to the round number 120,000 (as also the subsequent number of 200,000 captives), showing itself to be the product of a rough estimate, and not an exact enumeration.<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch 28:7<\/span>. <em>And Zichri . . . slew Maaseiah the kings son,<\/em> probably a royal prince of an older generation, uncle, cousin, or brother of Ahaz, for he himself at this time had scarcely a son of military age. Azrikam also is perhaps to be regarded as a relative of the king, for a governor of the house can scarcely designate a president of the temple (according to <span class='bible'>1Ch 9:11<\/span>; <span class='bible'>2Ch 31:13<\/span>); rather might it be the title of a higher officer of the royal house or palace.<em>And Elkanah the vicegerent of the king,<\/em> literally, the second after the king, his minister (chancellor, vizier).<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch 28:8<\/span>. <em>And the sons of Israel took captive of their brethren.<\/em> Observe the importance of this reference to the character of the war, as a barbarous strife between brother tribes.<\/p>\n<p>11. Continuation: <em>b<\/em>. Oded the Prophet effects the Release of the Captives: <span class='bible'>2Ch 28:9-15<\/span> (without a parallel in 2 Kings).<em>And a prophet of the Lord was there of the name of Oded,<\/em> in Samaria, the capital of the northern kingdom. Here, as well as in other places of this kingdom, prophets of the true God appear active till its complete fall (722 b.c.), as in particular the ministry of Hosea teaches, which was likewise exercised on this soil.<em>And he went out;<\/em> comp. the report, <span class='bible'>2Ch 15:2<\/span>, of Azariah son of Oded under Asa.<em>In the wrath . . . against Judah.<\/em> Not so much your bravery as the judicial sentence of God for the punishment of idolatrous Israel is the cause of the great victory over your adversariesa victory which you have abused by a frantic slaughter and carnage. On that reacheth unto heaven, comp. <span class='bible'>Gen 18:21<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Ezr 9:6<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch 28:10<\/span>. <em>And now ye purpose to subject;<\/em> comp. <span class='bible'>Gen 1:28<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Lev 25:42<\/span> ff.<em>Are there not even with you yourselves trespasses against the Lord?<\/em> look for once at yourselves, whether ye do not perceive there enough of that which inculpates you before God. To this exhortation to repentance is suitably added the warning in <span class='bible'>2Ch 28:11<\/span>, to beware of the further abuse of the power given them to execute the divine judgment, and therefore of the unmerciful treatment or even the longer retention of the captives.<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch 28:12<\/span> f. Four of the chiefs of Ephraim declare their concurrence with this exhortation and warning of Oded. Their names occur only here, but they present, at all events, a weighty testimony for the concrete historical character and credibility of the present account.<em>For with the trespass of the Lord upon us,<\/em> that the effect of our heavy guilt with God (<span class='bible'>2Ch 28:10<\/span>) may fall upon us, that the heavy punishment of sin may overtake us.   is here the effect, the punishment of guilt contracted before God.<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch 28:14<\/span>. <em>And the armed host left,<\/em> the armed escort who conducted the captives to Samaria. , as in <span class='bible'>1Ch 12:23<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch 28:15<\/span>. <em>The men who were expressed by name,<\/em> the notable men mentioned by name in the old records, who specially distinguished themselves at that time by a noble emulation of love and compassion for the poor captives; comp. <span class='bible'>1Ch 7:31<\/span>; <span class='bible'>1Ch 16:41<\/span>; <span class='bible'>2Ch 31:19<\/span>. The analogy of these passages forbids us to think only of the four named in <span class='bible'>2Ch 28:12<\/span>.<em>And clothed all that were naked of them,<\/em> literally, all the nakedness (<em>abstr. pro concr.<\/em>).<em>And anointed them,<\/em> because they should return home happy and cheerful.<em>And carried them on asses;<\/em> to which is appended a limiting and more exactly defining phrase, <em>all the weary<\/em> (or stumbling, ). Observe the pictorial reality and epic breadth of the whole description, which exhibits itself even in designating Jericho as the city of palms (comp. <span class='bible'>Jdg 3:13<\/span>), and by the mention of it (as the border town of Judah, whither the captives were first brought; comp. <span class='bible'>Jos 18:21<\/span>) accords with the story of the good Samaritan. For, in fact, there is here a grand archetype of the deed of compassion described in this didactic narrative of the Lord, as sure as they were inhabitants of the city and later country of Samaria, who took so loving an interest in the helpless Jews. The thought that Christ drew directly from this episode of the present war several points of His noble lesson should by no means be absolutely rejected. Comp. Evangelical and Ethical Reflections, No. 3.<\/p>\n<p>12. Close: <em>c<\/em>. Further Visitations of Ahaz on account of his Idolatry; his End: <span class='bible'>2Ch 28:16-27<\/span>. Only the part of this section that refers to the relations of Ahaz to the Assyrian world-power (his seeking aid from Tiglath-pileser, his payment of tribute to the same, and his fall occasioned by this slavish submission to the idolatry of Syria and Damascus, <span class='bible'>2Ch 28:16<\/span>; <span class='bible'>2Ch 28:20-25<\/span>) is reported in <span class='bible'>2 Kings 16<\/span> (<span class='bible'>2Ch 28:7-18<\/span>), and there, indeed, much more fully than here. On the contrary, there is wanting there a statement of the contemporaneous humiliations of Ahaz by the Edomites and Philistines, as they are here reported, <span class='bible'>2Ch 28:17-19<\/span>.<em>At that time King Ahaz sent unto the kings of Assyria.<\/em> The rather indefinite   admits the assumption that this embassy to Assyria took place immediately after the invasion of Rezin and Pekah (Berth.), as well as that several months or years elapsed between these events (Keil). But according to <span class='bible'>2Ki 16:6<\/span> ff., the consequence of that first heavy defeat by the Syrians and Ephraimites, the taking of Elath by Rezin (and that which was connected with it, the invasion of the Edomites and Philistines), seems to have been the motive of Ahaz to apply to the Assyrians for aid. The plural the kings of Assyria is perhaps not rhetorical, as above, <span class='bible'>2Ch 28:3<\/span>,  (Keil), but, as it seems, originally written under the consciousness that the head of the Assyrian government was composed of several factors, namely, the king and the so-called eponymus or archon of the current year; see in particular <span class='bible'>2Ch 30:4<\/span>, where this view seems undeniable; also <span class='bible'>2Ch 30:6<\/span>; and comp. Schrader, <em>Studien und Kritiken,<\/em> 1871, part iv.; <em>Die Keilschriften,<\/em> etc., p. 308 ff.<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch 28:17<\/span>. <em>And again the Edomites came,<\/em> perhaps made free again by Rezins expedition against Elath, <span class='bible'>2Ki 16:6<\/span>, from the Jewish yoke, which lay upon them from the time of Amaziah and Uzziah (<span class='bible'>2Ch 25:11<\/span>, <span class='bible'>2Ch 26:2<\/span>). The tense is to be taken as the pluperfect: and moreover , <em>et prterea, et insuper;<\/em> comp. <span class='bible'>Isa 1:5<\/span>) the Edomites had come; and so in the two following verses, for they also report something that preceded the fatal treaty with Tiglath-pileser, and served to bring it about.<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch 28:18<\/span>. <em>And the Philistines invaded.<\/em> Of the places conquered by them, Beth-shemesh (<span class='bible'>1Ch 6:44<\/span>), Ajalon (<span class='bible'>1Ch 6:54<\/span>), and Socho (<span class='bible'>2Ch 11:7<\/span>) have occurred already in our book. For Gederoth (in the Shephelah), comp. <span class='bible'>Jos 15:41<\/span>; for Timnah, now Tibneh, <span class='bible'>Jos 15:10<\/span>; for Gimzo, now Jimsu, a large village between Lydda and Beth-horon, Robins. <em>Palest<\/em>, iii. 271 The mention of daughter cities (literally, daughters) along with the chief places, as in <span class='bible'>2Ch 13:9<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch 28:19<\/span>. <em>For the Lord humbled Judah on account of Ahaz king of Israel.<\/em> Ahaz is perhaps ironically so named; for the title King of Israel can scarcely be an honourable designation in him, as in Rehoboam (<span class='bible'>2Ch 12:6<\/span>) or Jehoshaphat (<span class='bible'>2Ch 21:2<\/span>), or as in his fore-fathers in general, <span class='bible'>2Ch 28:27<\/span>. It contains, perhaps, an allusion to the contrast between his idolatrous reign and the mind and walk of the true Israel of God (comp. <span class='bible'>Gal 6:16<\/span>, Caspari, Keil, etc.).<em>Because he had revolted in Judah.<\/em> So is   with  following certainly to be taken, not as Kamph. and others think: because he made Judah refractory; comp. rather <span class='bible'>Exo 5:4<\/span>, which speaks also against the rendering of the Vulg.: <em>eo quod nudasset eum auxilio,<\/em> and of Luther (that he made Judah naked).<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch 28:20<\/span>. <em>And Tiglath-pilneser.<\/em> Concerning this form, as corresponding not so well to the Assyrian as the Tiglath-pileser of the other Old Testament sources, see on <span class='bible'>1Ch 5:6<\/span>; for the conjectural identity of Pul with Tiglath-pileser, see on <span class='bible'>1Ch 5:26<\/span>.<em>And distressed him, and strengthened him not.<\/em> This is the only rendering agreeable to the context, according to which,  here, contrary to its usual intransitive meaning, expresses the active sense of strengthening (<em>confortare, roborare<\/em>). See for justification of this rendering against Luther, Then., Bertheau, etc. (who take  according to <span class='bible'>2Ch 27:5<\/span>, <span class='bible'>Jer 20:7<\/span>, etc.= overcome): he oppressed and besieged him, but subdued him not, in particular Keil on this passage; rightly also Neteler and Kamph.<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch 28:21<\/span>. <em>For Ahaz had plundered the house of the Lord.<\/em> This was at the time that he sent the embassy with its cry for help to the mighty Assyrian king (<span class='bible'>2Ch 28:16<\/span>), for with empty hands he need not approach him (comp. also <span class='bible'>2Ki 16:7-8<\/span>).  here is not divide (Luther), but plunder, <em>spoliare<\/em> (Vulg.); comp. , booty, share of spoil (<span class='bible'>Num 31:36<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Job 17:5<\/span>). The strong expression corresponds to the rhetorical tone of the narrator; thereby the certainly historical statement shows that the treasures of the kings house, as well as those of the princes (the high officers of the palace, or perhaps also the princes of the royal house; comp. on <span class='bible'>2Ch 28:7<\/span>), must have contributed, that the gift (, see <span class='bible'>2Ki 16:8<\/span>) sent with the ambassadors might be worthy of acceptance. That Ahaz paid tribute to Tiglath-pileser is attested, besides our passage and the report in <span class='bible'>2Ki 16:7-9<\/span> (comp. also <span class='bible'>Isa 36:5<\/span>, where Rabshakeh charges Hezekiah with revolt from Assyria), also by the Assyrian monumerts. In line 61 of an inscription composed in the last year of Tiglath-pilesers reign (ii. R. 67), it is said that this king received tribute (<em>madatu<\/em>) from Mittini of Askalon, Ahaz (JehoahazJa-hukha-zi) of Judah, Kozmalak of Edom. That here Ahaz is spoken of as a tributary of the great king, and not Uzziah (as H. Rawlinson thought on account of the surprising form of the name), is shown by the naming of the rulers of Philistia and Edom, who in Uzziahs time would scarcely have been co-ordinated with the Jewish king, the naming of whom along with Ahaz is quite consistent with the contents of the verses of our chapter. Comp. Schrader, p. 151 ff.<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch 28:22<\/span>. <em>And in the time of his distress,<\/em> a date of like indefiniteness and pliability with   in <span class='bible'>2Ch 28:16<\/span>. That the revolt of Ahaz to the gods of the Syrians thus took place after the distresses which the Edomites, Philistines, and Syrians prepared for him, cannot be definitely concluded from this passage; rather it seems to follow from <span class='bible'>2Ch 28:23<\/span> that he had already, during the war with Rezin, begun to testify his respect for the gods of his foe and his country. There is therefore no proper contradiction between our passage and <span class='bible'>2Ki 16:10<\/span> ff.; only that there is given a more concrete and definite report concerning this turning of Ahaz to the Syrian gods than in our section, which also, again, bears an eminently rhetorical and pathetic character, as indeed all that is related from <span class='bible'>2Ch 28:5<\/span> onwards.<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch 28:24<\/span>. <em>And Ahaz . . . cut up the vessels of the house of God,<\/em> that is, as is stated more precisely in <span class='bible'>2Ki 16:17<\/span>, he broke out the sides of the bases, removed the lavers from them, transferred the sea from the brazen oxen to a stone pavement, etc.<em>And shut the doors of the house of the Lord,<\/em> that is, according to <span class='bible'>2Ch 29:3<\/span>; <span class='bible'>2Ch 29:7<\/span>, the doors not of the court, but of the temple itself, or the porch before the holy and most holy places. Accordingly, the shutting of these doors signified that he suspended the worship of God in the holy and in the most holy place, while he left the altar of burnt-offering in the court; with which <span class='bible'>2Ki 16:15<\/span> f. agrees, although there the erection of a separate altar of burnt-offering, built after the model of Damascus of Syria, beside the brazen altar of Solomon, is reported (see Bhr on the passage).<em>And made him altars in every corner of Jerusalem.<\/em> Among these altars is included the new altar of burnt-offering in the court, <span class='bible'>2Ki 16:10-16<\/span>, built at the command of Ahaz by the priest Uriah after the pattern of the idol-altar at Damascus. The  in  is not to be pressed, nor, for example: under every tree, in <span class='bible'>2Ch 28:4<\/span>, nor the phrase: in every single city of Judah, in the following verse.<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch 28:25<\/span>. <em>And provoked to anger the Lord<\/em> (, <em>hiph.,<\/em> as in <span class='bible'>Deu 32:16<\/span>; <span class='bible'>1Ki 14:9<\/span>).<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ch 28:26-27<\/span>; comp. the briefer closing notice in <span class='bible'>2Ki 16:19-20<\/span>.<em>And they buried him in the city in Jerusalem;<\/em> thus not: in the city of David, as is usually said, and further not: in the sepulchres of the kings of Israel (see on <span class='bible'>2Ch 28:19<\/span>), but apart from the proper tombs of the kingsperhaps in the field mentioned in <span class='bible'>2Ch 26:23<\/span>, where the leprous Uzziah was buried. <span class='bible'>2Ki 16:20<\/span> reports nothing of such an exception that was made with respect to the grave of Ahaz.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Evangelical And Ethical Reflections And Homiletic Hints On 2 Chronicles 24-28<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1. A period of fully a century and a half (877727 in the usual chronology) is occupied by the five reigns here combined, comprising a reign of forty, of nearly thirty, and of fifty-two years. But none of them yields any permanent gain for the development of Judah into the normal form of a truly theocratic condition, as the deep corruption exhibited under the last, an instance of decided misrule, shows. When the Canaanitish idolatry, naturalized by Athaliah, after a short predominance, was again expelled, as an element utterly foreign to the Davidic house and the Jewish people, five reigns regularly following in legitimate succession, of which perhaps none was begun otherwise than under favourable auspices, and with joyful hopes on the side of the theocratic party, furnish before the end of 150 years the sad result of a decided relapse into that idolatry. For the less insidiously evil and murderous than merely weak policy of Ahaz in every instance must be regarded as such a relapse, though it might not be the Tyrian-Canaanitish idolatry of Athaliah to which he chiefly yielded, but the Damascene-Syrian superstition of his adversary Rezin, and though, further, the outward form and show of the legitimate worship was perhaps better observed under him than under the priest-opposing daughter of Omri. On the whole, it is manifest that under Ahaz the corruption of religion and morals had gnawed more deeply than at that time, and struck firmer roots into the consciousness and customs of the people. It is now, at least, quite contrary to the state of things then, directly a priest, perhaps the high priest (Uriah, <span class='bible'>2Ki 16:10<\/span> ff.), who readily enters into the kings idolatrous intentions, and lends a hand to desecrate the sanctuary of Jehovah with foreign modes of worship, elaborated after heathen models; a characteristic which the Chronist perhaps only neglected expressly to mark, because it disgusted and annoyed him to report anything so unreasonable and abominable as this treason of a priest of the Lord. And as the priest, so the people does not now, at the beck of a true witness, as then of Jehoiada, rise up as one man to put an end to the foreign hateful thing at one blow, but presents so little resistance to the seductions to spiritual and corporeal adultery proceeding from the court, that it remains, during a reign of almost sixteen years, on the path of Baal-worship, and establishes not only idolatrous altars in every corner of Jerusalem, but also high places for burning incense to strange gods in every single city of Judah (comp. <span class='bible'>2Ch 28:24-25<\/span>), without standing up in righteous indignation against such a course, or even earnestly seeking a return to theocratic obedience. That it could come to this a century and a half after the events under Athaliah, tells not of a gradual progress to a better state of things, but rather, of a slow but irresistible sinking into worse and worseof a constant ripening of the people for that fearful judgment of God which now fell on the kindred people of Ephraim immediately after the death of Ahaz at the end of these 150 years, and with respect to which for Judah, with all the energy of many attempts at reform (especially under Hezekiah and Josiah), nothing beyond a postponement, a delay of less than 150 years more was secured.<\/p>\n<p>2. None of the four comparatively theocratic reigns before Ahaz had been able to check the descent of the people with uneasy certainty and constancy on this downward path to final corruption; for none possessed the reverence for God and law, untainted by heathenish abominations, which characterized the rule of an Asa or Jehoshaphat. For Joash maintained a decidedly theocratic demeanour only so long as his paternal friend, instructor, and counsellor Jehoiada governed him, or so long as those two symbols given him (<span class='bible'>2Ch 23:11<\/span>) at his accessionthe crown as the sign of power, and the law as the sign of theocratic wisdomexercised their united influence over him;<span class=''>19<\/span> after whose death he permits, at the request of the worldly-minded princes of Judah (representatives of the higher nobility, to whom the priestly power might long since have well been an abomination), the entrance again of idolatry, and causes the faithful witness of the truth, warning them of the evil consequences of such a course, the son of his instructor Jehoiada (and therefore his near relative), to be slain in the court of the temple. Whereupon also the threatened judgment of God, accomplished by a desolating raid of the Syrian Hazael, suddenly enters, and in a very short time brings about the endand that a terrible endof the unfaithful king. This reign resembles in more than one respect the history of such rulers of the Middle Ages or of modern times as the German emperors Otto III. and Henry IV., or in many respects Louis XIV. of France, who enjoyed the guardianship of excellent regents of the spiritual order at the beginning of their career, but afterwards failed to beware of the evil consequences of their passing over to a false independence. Not much better or happier was the reign of Amaziah, whose early measures, as the sparing of the children of the murderers who conspired against Joash (<span class='bible'>2Ch 25:4<\/span>; comp. <span class='bible'>Deu 24:16<\/span>) shows, were entirely accordant with the precepts of the law; but who afterwards, in consequence of a successful war with Edom, which seems to have made the conqueror presumptuous, degenerated into heathenish practices, offered the tribute of worship to the gods of the conquered Edomites (naturally without meaning to abolish the legitimate worship of Jehovah, proceeding on some sort of theoretical and practical mingling of the two modes of worshipping God), and added to this the further folly of a supercilious provocation of the powerful Joash of Israel to war. A severe humiliation by this foe, as a reward for this haughty bearing (conjoined with which are here, again, scornful neglect and rough treatment of one of the prophets of Jehovah, ver. 16), here also failed to delay the issue; and the end of the king, effected by a band of traitors and conspirators, ver. 27, was as violent as that of his father. With respect to external politics as well as military and economic (financial) consolidation of their power, the two following reigns appear to have been more fortunate. The vigorous Uzziah, reigning more than a half century, restores in many respects once more the glorious days of a Jehoshaphat, especially with regard to the maintenance of his sway over the southern tribes, and the great advance of the defensive power and financial capability of the country. But when the true spiritual adviser whom he long followed, the prophet Zechariah, was separated from him, he also exhibited haughtiness, daring arrogance, and false independence in spiritual things. And if his people were not involved in the judgment incurred by this guilt, yet his transgression brought on himself a heavy and shameful fall, for which there was no recovery on this side the grave. He dies as one smitten of God (<span class='bible'>Isa 53:4<\/span>; comp. <span class='bible'>Job 2:7<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Job 6:4<\/span> f., <span class='bible'>2Ch 16:12<\/span> ff.) in a sick-house, and does not even in death partake of the honour due to a king of the line of David, and also a powerful and celebrated prince (2Ch 26:28). To his son Jotham, reigning a much shorter time, but in a like spirit and with like external fortune, a humiliation of the same kind is certainly spared; for he entered not into the temple of the Lord, ventured on no such daring stretch of his authority as Uzziah in his attempt to burn incense. And how far he was thereby from being without guilt, or free from inward participation in such offences, is shown by the reckless audacity with which his on and successor, during his whole reign (of equal length with that of his father), ventured to addict himself to the demoralizing idolatry of the neighbouring nations, and to procure for it unlimited entrance among his people. Of the father of such a son we can form no very favourable opinion, even if the scanty notices of our author announce little or nothing positively unfavourable concerning him.<\/p>\n<p>3. The penal judgment of God for such continued yielding to the seducing and corrupting influence of heathenism, as it was decreed against Judah, soon after the corruption had broken forth in all its grossness, in the so-called war with Syria and Ephraim, appears, according to the representation of the Chronist, to have been terribly great and severe. More than 100,000 fighting men fall as the sacrifice of a single battle-field, and almost double that number of women, children, and other prisoners of war are dragged away as slaves, and owe their instant unconditional release to the compassion of their kinsmen, the victorious Ephraimites, evoked by a bold and vehement prophetic admonition; so that in this case the Jews were put to shame by the more righteous and pious conduct of the citizens of the neighbouring kingdom (which, however, took place on the very eve of their religious and political ruin). But the spiritual blessing which should have sprung from so heavy and deeply humiliating a visitation was gone. No trace of the return of the heart to the true God and to His law comes to light in the subsequent accounts concerning the acts and events of the reign of Ahaz. And the calamities added to that great defeat, the invasions of the Edomites and Philistines, as well as the distress from the Assyrian king, whose alliance naturally soon proved to be an oppressive sovereignty, produce, instead of repentance toward God, only increasing submission to the idols. As slave children with venal servility kiss the rod with which they are chastised, so Ahaz thinks he must present more demonstrations of respect to the gods of his victorious foes, in proportion as they prepare for him heavier humiliations. And no one among the people brings him back from such folly; the voice of no prophet, though they press as strongly and closely upon his ear as that of an Isaiah (Isaiah 7-10), is able to check the criminal course into which he has gone with his princes, his counsellors, and his strong party among the people. First under his son Hezekiah, repentance and amendment, the path to which was already prepared in many hearts by the previous afflictions, come to light; and that unusually severe judgment of God finally proves to be a wholesome corrective measure, the effect of which is to save, create new life, and purify; comp. Hezekiahs own reflections on it, <span class='bible'>2Ch 29:9<\/span>,a passage which, at the same time, deserves to be taken into account as a supplementary testimony to the greatness of the loss suffered by the people from the defeats in question.<\/p>\n<p>4. In the representation of the author of the books of Kings, this pragmatic connection of the defeats of Ahaz, especially that inflicted on him by the Syrians and Ephraimites, with his sins and his sinking into ever worse impenitence and idolatry, is less sharply and clearly exhibited than in the strong, rhetorically-coloured, and generally animated and impassioned style adopted by our author. But its substantial credibility can suffer no damage from this, that it here and there presents other points of view, and in part connects the events otherwise. As the reports of the Chronist, giving great prominence to the Levitical element in the revolution conducted by Jehoiada, as well as in the contributions for the temple and its repair under Joash, in contrast with those of the books of Kings, do not deserve to be cast in the shade and disparaged; or as that which our author more specially relates concerning Uzziahs transgression and punishment from his Levitical point of view is not to be suspected in comparison with the allusive brevity of the older parallel account; even so we have no right to hesitate with regard to that which is peculiar to him in the description of the Syro-Ephraimitish war. The roundness, resting rather on an estimate than an exact enumeration, of the high numbers in <span class='bible'>2Ch 28:6-8<\/span> is the only thing that is to be conceded to the judgment of the opponent calling in question the strict historical accuracy of his narrative (see above on this passage). All other details of this description clearly rest on good historical ground; neither the names of the persons that fell, <span class='bible'>2Ch 28:7<\/span>, in the great engagement with Pekah among the kings relatives and nearest circle, nor those of the nobles of Ephiraim who supported by their vote the admonition of Oded to release the Jewish captives (<span class='bible'>2Ch 28:12<\/span>), look like mere invention. The invention of such names, in order to invest an account, legendary in itself, with the appearance of historical truth, would, in fact, be an inconceivable monstrosity, a <em>unicum<\/em> in the history of literary fictions. But they both hold and support each other, the undeniable historical reality of these names, and the credibility of the facts with which they are connected and environed. The entrance also of the prophet Oded, and the words spoken by him, are accredited by the reacting power of these concrete names. What is done to the Jewish captives by those four chiefs of Ephraim seems purely inconceivable without a vehement admonition, such as that spoken by Oded according to <span class='bible'>2Ch 28:9-11<\/span>. Caspari therefore declares it to be the highest levity (against Gesenius, in his <em>Commentary on Isaiah,<\/em> p. 269, and other impugners of the historical truth of this prophetic utterance) to hold the report in vers. 911 to be unworthy of credit, and yet to regard the contents of <span class='bible'>2Ch 28:12<\/span> ff. as historical. And in the same relation of supplement and of correspondence to 2 Kings stands in general all that our author reports different from the statements there concerning Ahaz and the steps taken by him for the furtherance of idolatry. As the remarks made by him, <span class='bible'>2Ch 28:17-19<\/span>, concerning the invasions of the Edomites and Philistines, agree excellently with <span class='bible'>2Ki 16:6<\/span>, so between that which he relates, <span class='bible'>2Ch 28:23-25<\/span>, regarding the idolatrous profanation of the temple and its vessels and <span class='bible'>2Ki 16:10-16<\/span> there is no contradiction whatever, but merely a relation of supplement and confirmation. On the whole, it would seem superfluous, indeed almost paltry, after Casparis emphatic and pertinent argument in favour of the essential harmony of the two reports of the war, to enter further into subtle critical disquisitions or wide apologetic investigations regarding their apparent or even real points of difference.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Footnotes:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span class=''>[1]<\/span>The absent copula before  is supplied in the Sept., Vulg., and Luth., and rightly.<\/p>\n<p><span class=''>[2]<\/span>The Sept. and Vulg. take  rather as the accus. belonging to Zechariah ( , <em>sacerdotem<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p><span class=''>[3]<\/span>The Vulg. and Syr. do not translate ; the Sept. (  ) appears to have read .<\/p>\n<p><span class=''>[4]<\/span>Hebr. , as always in Chronicles; comp. <span class='bible'>1Ch 18:5<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><span class=''>[5]<\/span>For   the Sept. and Vulg. probably read aright   The plur. seems a slip of the pen.<\/p>\n<p><span class=''>[6]<\/span>So according to the <em>Kethib<\/em> . on the <em>Keri<\/em> , be multiplied (the sentence upon him), see Exeg. Expl.<\/p>\n<p><span class=''>[7]<\/span>Before  is  to be supplied, with almost all recent expositors. See Exeg. Expl.<\/p>\n<p><span class=''>[8]<\/span>For  we should certainly read, with the <em>Keri<\/em> (and a considerable number of mss.): .<\/p>\n<p><span class=''>[9]<\/span> , <em>Kethib<\/em>; the <em>Keri<\/em> is . Comp Exeg. Expl.<\/p>\n<p><span class=''>[10]<\/span>  , gate of turning, is undoubtedly and error for  , corner gate; comp. <span class='bible'>2Ch 26:9<\/span>, and especially the parallel <span class='bible'>2Ki 14:13<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><span class=''>[11]<\/span>For   the old versions (Sept., Vulg., Syr.) have: in the city of David.<\/p>\n<p><span class=''>[12]<\/span>The <em>Keri<\/em> amends , after <span class='bible'>2Ki 15:2<\/span>, into , which is scarcely right.<\/p>\n<p><span class=''>[13]<\/span>Instead of  should rather be read, with the Sept. (  ), Syr., Targ., Raschi, Kimchi, and some Hebrew mss. of de Rossi: .<\/p>\n<p><span class=''>[14]<\/span>Sept.:    (Perhaps thinking of petra, the capital of Edom).<\/p>\n<p><span class=''>[15]<\/span>Sept.:  , by mistake (from the preceding  ).<\/p>\n<p><span class=''>[16]<\/span>So the <em>Kethib<\/em> (); the <em>Keri<\/em> has  (as <span class='bible'>Ezr 8:13<\/span>).<\/p>\n<p><span class=''>[17]<\/span>The Sept., Syr., and Arab. have twenty-five, a reading which Houbigant, Dathe, Ewald, Berth., and most moderns prefer. Comp. also J. A. Bengel, in the passage quoted, Introd.  6, Rem. (p. 28).<\/p>\n<p><span class=''>[18]<\/span>Properly Darmascus; comp. <span class='bible'>1Ch 18:5-6<\/span>; <span class='bible'>2Ch 14:2<\/span>; <span class='bible'>2Ch 24:23<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>[<span class=''>19<\/span>]Comp. Luthers marginal note on this passage: Finely are both the crown and the book presented to the King that he might be not only mighty, but also wise, or (as we may say) know Gods word and right. Thus, even now, we make kings with a sword and book.<\/p>\n<h4 align='right'><i><b>Fuente: A Commentary on the Holy Scriptures, Critical, Doctrinal, and Homiletical by Lange<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n<p> CONTENTS<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p> CONTENTS<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p> We have in this chapter the history of the reign of Joash. The death of Jehoiada. Joash falleth into idolatry. He is slain.<\/p>\n<h4 align='right'><i><b>Fuente: Hawker&#8217;s Poor Man&#8217;s Commentary (Old and New Testaments)<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n<p> Precious in the sight of the Lord (we are told) is the death of his saints. <span class='bible'>Psa 116:15<\/span> . And the record which the Holy Ghost hath thought proper to make of the faithful in the sacred volume, is a blessed testimony of this truth.<\/p>\n<h4 align='right'><i><b>Fuente: Hawker&#8217;s Poor Man&#8217;s Commentary (Old and New Testaments)<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n<p> <span class='bible'>2Ch 24<\/span><\/p>\n<p> 1. Joash ( 2Ki 12:1 ) was seven years old when he began to reign, and he reigned forty years in Jerusalem. His mother&#8217;s name also was Zibiah of Beersheba.<\/p>\n<p> 2. And Joash did that which was right in the sight of the Lord all the days of Jehoiada the priest [Jehoiada lived after the accession of Joash 23 years ( 2Ki 12:6 ), probably 25 or 30. Thus the idolatries of Joash ( <em> infra,<\/em> 2Ch 24:18 ) were confined to the last 10 or 15 years.]<\/p>\n<p> 15. But Jehoiada waxed old, and was full of days when he died; an hundred and thirty years old was he when he died. [Most critics agree that these numbers are corrupt, and suggest instead 103, or 83.]<\/p>\n<p> 16. And they buried him in the city of David among the kings [an unparalleled honour: partly on account of his religious character, and partly on account of his connection with the royal family, through his wife (ch. 2Ch 22:11 )], because he had done good in Israel, both toward God and toward his [God&#8217;s] house.<\/p>\n<p> 17. Now after the death of Jehoiada came the princes of Judah, and made obeisance [seeking by unusual humility to dispose the king favourably toward their request. It would seem that their petition was for a toleration of idolatry, not for a return to the condition of things which prevailed under Athaliah (see next verse)] to the king. Then the king hearkened unto them.<\/p>\n<p> 18. And they [ <em> i.e.<\/em> the princes] left the house of the Lord God of their fathers [deserted the temple-worship], and served groves and idols: and wrath came upon Judah and Jerusalem for this their trespass [for this trespass of the prince&#8217;s, wrath came upon the whole nation (see 2Ch 24:23-24 )].<\/p>\n<p> 19. Yet he sent prophets to them, to bring them again unto the Lord; and they testified against them [solemnly besought them, exhorted them in the name of God ( 2Ki 17:13 )]: but they would not give ear.<\/p>\n<p> 20. And the Spirit of God came upon [ <em> lit.<\/em> clothed, invested] Zechariah, the son of Jehoiada the priest, which stood above the people [an elevated place, probably the steps of the inner court, the better to gain attention], and said unto them, Thus saith God, Why transgress ye [Wherefore are ye transgressing?] the commandments of the Lord, that ye cannot prosper [ <em> lit.<\/em> and will not prosper. Prosperity was attached to obedience by the law ( Deu 28:1-14 )]? because ye have forsaken the Lord, he hath also forsaken you [comp. chap. 2Ch 15:2 ].<\/p>\n<p> 21. And they conspired against him, and stoned him with stones at the commandment of the king [the weak king, though not an idolater himself, yielded to the persuasions of the idolatrous party, and allowed himself to be a mere tool in their hands] in the court of the house of the Lord.<\/p>\n<p> 22. Thus Joash the king remembered not the kindness which Jehoiada his father had done to him, but slew his son. And when he died, he said, The Lord look upon it, and require it [comp. <span class='bible'>Gen 9:5<\/span> , <span class='bible'>Gen 43:22<\/span> ; and contrast the words of St. Stephen ( Act 7:60 ). Zechariah&#8217;s prayer was prophetic. Within little more than a year he was avenged by the violent death of his chief oppressors (see <span class='bible'>2Ch 24:23<\/span> , 2Ch 24:25 ), while the Jewish people which had participated in the crime continued to expiate their offence by suffering till the close of their existence as a nation (see Luk 11:51 ).]<\/p>\n<p> 23. And it came to pass at the end of the year, that the host of Syria came up against him: and they came to Judah and Jerusalem, and destroyed all the princes of the people from among the people, and sent all the spoil of them unto the king of Damascus.<\/p>\n<p> 24. For the army of the Syrians came [ <em> rather,<\/em> had come] with a small company of men, and the Lord [had] delivered a very great host into their hand, because they had forsaken the Lord God of their fathers. So they executed judgment against Joash [by defeating his army and slaying all the nobles].<\/p>\n<p> 25. And when they were departed from him (for they left him in great diseases [ <em> rather,<\/em> in a sore disease]), his own servants conspired against him for the blood of the sons of Jehoiada the priest, and slew him on his bed [in the castle of Milo ( 2Ki 12:20 ), whither he had retired for some unknown reason], and he died: and they buried him in the city of David, but they buried him not in the sepulchres of the kings.<\/p>\n<p><strong> Lessons From Joash<\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/p>\n<p> SEVEN or eight persons of the name of Joash are mentioned in the Old Testament. This particular man had a tragical history. When the wicked woman Athaliah murdered his father&#8217;s family and usurped the throne, the infant Joash was secretly saved by his aunt Jehoshebah, who was married to the high priest Jehoiada. The child was brought up secretly in chambers connected with the temple, and in his eighth year he became the eighth king of Judah, and as such he reigned forty years. The life of Joash, though lived nearly three thousand years ago, is as fresh in its applications to human nature as if it had ended but yesterday. For example, Joash was everything that could be desired so long as he was under age and obedient to the counsel and discipline of Jehoiada the high priest So long indeed as the high priest lived Joash was a type of filial excellence. Are there not amongst ourselves leaders who keep us right, Jehoiadas but for whom our religious life would expire? Our regularity at church may be due to them. Our abstinence from certain pernicious customs may be due to their influence. They are the stay of the house and the tenderest comfort of life. We do not know how much we owe to them. If their policy was one of driving instead of leading, we should know more about it; but because it is quiet, subtle, persuasive, and encouraging, it goes for less than it really is. Is it not the woman who keeps the house together? We are not vividly conscious of this fact during her lifetime, but after she is gone we observe a difference in the whole household economy: we cannot explain it; things are not as they used to be; there is more grating of the machinery; little things are felt to be absent; the fluency of the whole life is lost, so that now it goes in rushes and tumults, and is marked by irregularity and uncertainty. We begin to ask how this is; and in the putting of the question we are conducted to the answer, for we remember that the woman, the wife, the mother, is dead, and her hand being withdrawn from the whole economy, the result is painfully manifest. We do not notice events that pass regularly, nor are we careful to ascertain their motive and duly appraise it: we soon fall into a state of acquiescence with everything that is comfortable; it is when the comfort ceases that we begin to put questions, and it is at that time that we begin to do justice to many whose influence we had ignored or under-estimated during the time of its activity. It would seem to be about the last thing men do, to estimate properly the value of subtle and silent influences, the magic and wizardry of noble character. We may even be ashamed to do certain things in the presence of the Jehoiadas of society. We are not ashamed of the things themselves, nor are we unprepared to make experiments in regard to them; but whenever we would put forth our hand to begin the experiments we see the observing Jehoiada, and withdraw from the pernicious attempt So it is that there are trustees of commercial and social honour, men who would never do the dishonourable deed, speak the calumnious word, or mislead the sentiment of the marketplace in times of strong temptation and peril. We rely upon them as disinfectants, keeping the commercial atmosphere pure, and discouraging in the most positive and decisive manner the spirit and action of men who are low-minded and selfish. These Jehoiadas deliver no lectures upon commercial morality, nor do they in any manner that can be charged with conceit display their own virtues; they simply go on their straightforward course, doing justice, loving mercy, and walking humbly with God, and the result of their presence and character is that even the worst men are restrained, weak men are confirmed in good resolutions, and men whose character needs inspiration receive it from their example. Are we to be told that such men are doing nothing in the world because they are not publishing books, delivering lectures, or taking some active part in public life? Such men are doing the real work of the world. Talk is nothing except as it leads to practice, a lecture is but wasted breath unless it culminates in noble conduct: in the case of the Jehoiadas of society we have men who have left the elementary school, and are now themselves daily teachers of the highest truths, and continual examples of their possible application to the real necessities of life.<\/p>\n<p> In the next place, however, Joash represents those who develop unexpected corruption of character. As soon as the high priest died the princes of Judah came and made obeisance to Joash ( 2Ch 24:17 ). They were idolaters, they served groves and idols, and they succeeded in corrupting the king&#8217;s mind and in leading him away from the true worship. This is the deadliest attack that can be made upon human character and influence; for once loosen the bonds of deeply religious faith, and all the rest is easy work. A man may overget some attack that is made upon a political custom or a social usage, and he may even recover himself from the effect of straying into the enemy&#8217;s camp for the purpose of momentary consultation; but when his religious faith is undermined his whole character goes down. The attack which was made upon the religious position of Joash was of the kind which is known as flattery. The princes of Judah said to him, in effect: You have been under the domination of Jehoiada, you have been merely a nominal king, you have been called a lord but have had no dominion: now the time has come when you should avow your great power, and grant to every man what is called religious liberty. Joash &#8220;hearkened unto them,&#8221; and the result is given in verse eighteen <\/p>\n<p style='margin-left:6.12em'><em> &#8220;And they left the house of the Lord God of their fathers, and served groves and idols: and wrath came upon Judah and Jerusalem for this their trespass.&#8221; (<\/em> 2Ch 24:18 <em> )<\/p>\n<p><\/em><\/p>\n<p> Once lose reverence for the Bible, regard it as merely the first of literary compositions, or one of the oldest and noblest of poems; lose faith in the supernatural element which pervades it, let go some measure of the authority which it has exercised over thought and morals, and the victory of the enemy will be easy and complete. The same line of reasoning holds good with regard to the sanctuary. Surely it cannot be a fatal offence to neglect the assembling of ourselves together at least occasionally; surely it may be permitted to a man to regard other occasions of corning together as of at least equal importance with all gatherings in the church; it cannot surely be wrong to elevate certain kinds of intellectual inquiry into a species of worship on the Lord&#8217;s day; all these thoughts are of the most insidious kind, full of temptation, and when they are perverted, it is in innumerable cases not the lower that is lifted up, but the higher that is degraded or impoverished. There is a sense, of course, in which too much religious liberty cannot be given, for it is the inalienable birthright of every man. Every man, however, should be careful how much religious liberty he allows himself to enjoy. That is the crucial point. Whilst we are talking about religious liberty in the abstract, there may be nothing of a disciplinary kind in our declamation; but when we come to say to ourselves what liberty we shall allow our own conscience, judgment, or imagination; we should be inexorable disciplinarians. Liberty lies so near to licence that unless the spiritual faculties be trained to all but supernatural discernment a fatal mistake may easily be made. A man&#8217;s conception of worship really reaches his life. Let him lose his reverence for God, and his reverence for man, however much he may boast of it, will in that measure go down: the two commandments belong to one another, and are absolutely inseparable. Increase of true reverence towards God always means increase of real beneficence towards man, for there is a deep and mysterious sense, as well as a sense limited by the creation, that man is made in the image and likeness of God, so that when God is most feared, loved, and honoured, man is blessed by the increase of religious conviction and emotion.<\/p>\n<p> Notwithstanding the defection of Joash, God sent prophets to the people, to bring them again to the Lord; and although the prophets testified against the people they would not give ear.<\/p>\n<p style='margin-left:6.12em'><em> &#8220;The Spirit of God came upon Zechariah the son of Jehoiada the priest, which stood above the people, and said unto them, Thus saith God, Why transgress ye the commandments of the Lord, that ye cannot prosper? because ye have forsaken the Lord, he hath also forsaken you&#8221; (<\/em> 2Ch 24:20 <em> ).<\/p>\n<p><\/em><\/p>\n<p> What became of Zechariah the son of Jehoiada? What becomes of every true patriot? What is the fate of every man who stands up in the face of a corrupt age and inveighs against its evil thought and practice? We are not now coming upon a momentary accident, we are coming upon a vital principle, when we read, &#8220;And they conspired against him, and stoned him with stones at the commandment of the king in the court of the house of the Lord&#8221; ( 2Ch 24:21 ). Thus, though Joash owed so much to Jehoiada, he actually commanded that the son of Jehoiada should be stoned with stones. Then we read of him these bitter words &#8220;Thus Joash the king remembered not the kindness which Jehoiada his father had done to him, but slew his son&#8221; ( 2Ch 24:22 ). This is comfirmation of what has already been said, that when religious faith goes down all sense of personal and social obligation goes down along with it. The man who could forget God could easily forget Jehoiada. See how irrational was the conduct of the king! He killed the prophet, as if <em> he<\/em> had actually originated the very evil which he denounced. But what does the killing of a prophet mean? Let us seek out the great and true meanings of actions, and not be content with superficial definitions. To kill a prophet means in reality to kill God, so far as that is possible. We know well that the prophet is only a representative; he is nothing of himself, but owes his whole power to his inspiration; it is therefore not against the inspired man that we rebel, but against the inspiring Spirit. We may try to elude this application of the truth, but when we hush ourselves into the most silent thoughtfulness, and betake ourselves to religious solitude, we know well in our conscience that our whole trouble is that God is looking, God is judging, God is appealing; and we seek to mitigate the pain of that fact by taking vengeance upon the preacher, the prophet, the man who reasons of righteousness, temperance, and judgment to come.<\/p>\n<p> Does Joash escape? Has he satisfied his vengeance and retired to peace, contentment, and security?<\/p>\n<p style='margin-left:6.12em'><em> &#8220;And it came to pass at the end of the year, that the host of Syria came up against him: and they came to Judah and Jerusalem, and destroyed all the princes of the people from among the people, and sent all the spoil of them unto the king of Damascus&#8221; (<\/em> 2Ch 24:23 <em> ).<\/p>\n<p><\/em><\/p>\n<p> There was an element of contempt in this invasion and conquest &#8220;For the armies of the Syrians came with a small company of men, and the Lord delivered a very great host into their hand.&#8221; A visitation of that kind would have great effect upon the minds of the men who were the subjects of it, for they estimated everything by great numbers and dazzling pomp: the fact that an innumerable host could be taken by a very small band of men would be not the least punishment that could be inflicted upon Joash and his people. Joash was left in great diseases. His own servants conspired against him for the blood of the sons of Jehoiada the priest, and slew him on his bed. The young man who began so well was buried in the city of David, but &#8220;not in the sepulchres of the kings.&#8221; In one sense the punishment was imperial, for it was inflicted by the Syrians; but the final punishment was degrading, for the man was slain by his own servants, so that his death was deprived of all heroic accessories; and in the last sense it was an official punishment, for Joash was excluded from the sepulchres of the kings. Every kind of punishment befools the bad man: the empire is against him, or, in other words, constituted society, as expressed in law, order, and adequate penalty; his own servants are against him, for they see that he has been living a hypocritical and worthless life, and that all his pretensions have but added to his iniquities; and all the honours of social ceremony are either denied to him or are bestowed with grudging and reproach. The wicked man is as a candle blown out. The memory of the wicked is doomed to rottenness. He boasts much; he pleases himself with the chink of his boundless wealth; he dazzles himself with all the pomp and circumstance of his residence and appointments: but all the while he is engaged in a fool&#8217;s gallop towards a fool&#8217;s fate. There are men who have their reward in this world, and even in this world it is difficult in many cases to regard their end as a reward. In many cases there is a suppressed judgment of condemnation in regard to bad men: nothing public is said, nothing audible indeed may be uttered, but there is a general consent amongst honest and worthy men that such persons are neither to be trusted nor to be had in grateful remembrance. They are dead whilst they live; their houses are but ornamented tombs, and all their boasting is but a swollen lie. God smites the bad man at every point. The wind of God&#8217;s judgment comes from every quarter, and there is no escape from the fury of his tempest. The field and the barn, the herd and the stall, the tree and the wheat, health and reason, home and peace, all go down in the infinite shock of the divine fury. The successes of the wicked man are but so many failures. His very glory becomes his shame. The high tower which he has built becomes the gallows on which he is hanged as a traitor against the heavens. Let no man think he can rob God, indulge vain thoughts, take vengeance into his own hands, live a selfish life, and then enter into honour, and pass upward into heaven. Let us be truthful to ourselves, and remember that God is not mocked, and that whatsoever a man soweth, that shall he also reap, and that this is a law of manifest justice, and that any other law would throw creation into contradiction and utter confusion. Let those who begin life well take a lesson from the history of Joash. He began well. He &#8220;did that which was right in the sight of the Lord all the days of Jehoiada the priest&#8221;; and yet at the last, like many other kings, he turned out to be ungrateful, cruel, impious, and he died an ignominious death. &#8220;Let him that thinketh he standeth take heed lest he fall.&#8221; The very advantages with which we begin life may add to the ignominy and humiliation of its close, if we live unworthily of the privileges with which we were originally endowed. Thus let the old histories become to us as modern instances; for in this way only can we turn the word of God to the highest advantage, and show that we have perused its narratives, not as if they were measurable by the letter alone, but as if they were full of spirit and meaning intended to apply to all the ages of time.<\/p>\n<p><strong> Prayer<\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/p>\n<p> Hear thou in heaven thy dwelling-place, and when thou hearest, Lord, forgive. Continue this miracle of forgiveness until the end of time, for there is no soul that sinneth not. Thou wilt not remove the cross until all its work is accomplished, and the soul of the sufferer is satisfied. We bless thee for that living cross; no more a symbol of degradation, but an altar, a way to heaven; yea, the one and only way, broad as human necessity, and welcome as the love of God. Thou wilt pardon us night by night: may we not therefore continue to sin that grace may abound, but because of the fulness of thy pardoning mercy may we be the more sensitive as to the dignity and holiness of thy law. How easily is thy law broken! We bless thee for this, because herein thou dost recognise the greatness of man, the solemnity of character, the gravity of every human action. To live is to be in danger. In what danger can the dead be? But to live to breathe, to hear and see: are not these narrow separations from loss and sorrow, and pain? Yet do we choose to live, if thou dost put the question to us. We would not die, but live: yea, though we be much afflicted, and know the necessity of hunger, and the burning of thirst, and the sadness of solitude, yet still we cling to life, because life has in it the spirit of hope, and tomorrow may be brighter than to-day, and the summer, like the Son of man, may come at such an hour as we think not of. For that summer we, wait, for that warmth of heaven we pine; we are sure that it will come, and that even the sterility of our hearts shall be broken in upon, and the barren ground of our life shall bear flowers and fruits to God&#8217;s approval. Teach us that this mystery of life has in it a deeper mystery still, that all this longing for life is but our poor way of longing for immortality. We cannot tell all the meaning of our longing; we know not to what issues our hope sends out its ray of light: but this we know, that there is more in life than we have yet dreamed, there is a mystery of joy which has not yet given up its secret: there is heaven coming to us day by day, always coming nearer, now and then flashing out some dazzling beam, now and again whispering to us as if a breath might blow the intervening veil away. Thus life has its gladness as well as its sorrow; thus walking with Christ our hearts are lifted up in gladness, as certainly as they are bowed down in woe; and if we see the cross we see beyond it the joy that is set before those who being crucified with Christ rise again with him in the triumph of his resurrection. We have been blind, else what we might have seen! We have let whole troops of angels go by without vision; yea, all thy heavens may have moved before us, but we have been so busy in the dust under our feet that we have not seen the true glory; we have gazed at mimic royalties, we have looked out for passing pageants, we have been thrilled in the poverty of our feeling by sights that come and go like chased shadows; but the God, the angel, the spirit, the heaven, the eternal we have not seen, so our souls have been disquieted, and in our hearts there has been no sabbath. But we bless thee for the sense of loss; we might have endured loss and not have known it: by so much as thou dost make us conscious of loss thou art still working in us, thou hast not given us up, thou art still hoping that even we may be saved. Thou hast sent thy Book to come and speak to us night and day, in all changes of scene and clime and circumstance. Wondrous book! in it we hear in our own tongue in which we were born the wonderful works of God; and as we muse the fire burns, and our hearts are conscious of increase of vitality; when we look abroad we see the whole horizon white with radiant angels, and every cloud but conceals a door that opens into the eternal paradise. For all love, care, tenderness, what can we say? We are nursed in the arms of God, we are rested in the heart of Jesus; we are inspired by God the Holy Ghost, so that we know no more the emptiness of earth and the poverty of time, for our citizenship is in heaven, already do we walk the streets of gold. Out of the highest rapture may we come to do earth&#8217;s plainest work, earth&#8217;s hardest toil, with patient hearts and willing hands, knowing that death can be but for a moment, that all things are meant, in the sovereignty of God, to give themselves up to the rule of life. Thus may thy children be loyal citizens, patient workers, honest merchantmen, wise parents; going about all the business and solicitude of life with religious cheerfulness, with solemn joy. We pray for those who are in great distress; for those in peril on the sea; for those shut up in the prison of the pit, dark and helpless, and whose hearts are giving way with mortal fear; we pray for those who are in great alarm, who feel much, and cry poignantly, but can do nothing, men and women who are given to feel how small their strength, how brief the limit of their service. O thou who dost watch all worlds, and dost watch the least with tenderest care, look down upon all who are too sad to pray, too despairing to believe. Be with all men who trust thee; melt the mountains before their coming, and open the gates of difficulty ere they reach them, and give them to feel that the greatness of thy mercy is the proof of its divinity. Amen.<\/p>\n<h4 align='right'><i><b>Fuente: The People&#8217;s Bible by Joseph Parker<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n<p><strong> XIII<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p> FROM THE RISE OF JEHU TO THE REIGN OF JEHOASH AND THE CORRESPONDING HISTORY OF JUDAH<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>2Ki 10:18-13:9<\/span><\/strong> <strong> ; <span class='bible'>2Ch 22:9-24:24<\/span><\/strong> <strong> .<\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/p>\n<p> Israel is now on a rapid decline, while Judah is under the sway of a wicked woman. There are some antecedent facts which relate to the Southern Kingdom, Judah, and the story of her fortunes which we need to review here. In previous chapters we have considered the character and reign of Jehoshaphat. He is described as a good man, a great king, an eminently righteous and successful king, one of the best kings that Judah ever had, and the record tells of the various reforms which he instituted, the cities which he built, the new system of judiciary which he established and the various other great improvements in his kingdom. But Jehoshaphat made three mistakes in his reign:<\/p>\n<p> First, he married his son to the daughter of Jezebel. It was the cause of great disaster to his realm, almost to the extinction of his dynasty and the wrecking of his kingdom. Second, he made an alliance with Ahab to reconquer Ramothgilead, and take it from Syria. The 400 false prophets all promised him victory, but Micaiah prophesied failure, and that prophecy came true as they failed to take Ramothgilead and Ahab was slain, and Jehoshaphat returned home to Jerusalem in partial disgrace. There is no question but that Jehoshaphat lost a great deal of popularity by that mistake and failure.<\/p>\n<p> Third, he made an alliance with Jehoram, son of Ahab, in an attempt to reconquer and subject Moab to the northern realm. But for Elisha who told them to make the valley full of trenches and thus make room for water to flow down that their hosts might have drink he would there have suffered probably an ignominious defeat. Through Elisha and the providence of God he was saved but the expedition proved fruitless. The king of Moab sacrificed his first-born son and great wrath came upon Israel and they retired from the siege and went home and left King Mesha still master of his own country. Shortly before his death we find Jehoshaphat appoints his son Jehoram as king with him and they are joint kings over southern Israel. Jehoram becomes co-regent with Jehoshaphat when thirty-two years of age. Very soon we find the influence of Athaliah his wife. She had him under her control even more than Jezebel had Ahab under her control. She was a vicious, strong-minded, self-willed, determined, and depraved woman. Here is Athaliah&#8217;s influence. We can almost see Jezebel herself here. Under the influence of this northern woman Jehoram begins his murderous work by shedding the blood of six of his brothers. We find his character described thus: &#8220;He had the daughter of Ahab to wife, and he did that which was evil in the sight of the Lord.&#8221; Notice further: &#8220;Moreover he made high places in the mountains of Judah, and made the inhabitants of Jerusalem to go a whoring, and led Judah astray.&#8221; That is, he attempted to lead all southern Israel after the worship of Baal, just as Jezebel had tried to lead all northern Israel after the worship of Baal. Athaliah is her mother&#8217;s daughter.<\/p>\n<p> All this leads to great troubles. His dynasty is in danger. The first thing we read is that disaster befalls the kingdom. In the same account we have the story of the revolt of Edom, one of his provinces which paid him heavy tribute. He undertakes to put down the rebellion, and, in a desperate conflict the Edomites with their chariots and horsemen having surrounded him, he rises up at night and breaks through the rank of the enemy and saves himself, but Edom passes out of his hands and is lost to his realm, and a large revenue is, of course, lost with it. This is the first stage of the downfall of himself and kingdom.<\/p>\n<p> The next stage is the revolt of Libnah. This Philistine city had been paying tribute no doubt and now revolts against him and secures its freedom and thus another stronghold is cut off from his kingdom. This added to his unpopularity still more.<\/p>\n<p> Shortly after this we have the story of the posthumous message from Elijah the prophet written before the going away of the great servant of God, doubtless preserved by Elisha and now sent to Jehoram. It is the prophet Elijah&#8217;s message of doom to this wicked king: &#8220;Behold, the Lord will smite with a great plague thy people, and thy children and thy wives, and all thy substance,&#8221; and Jehoram is to be smitten with a horrible and loathsome disease, too loathsome to be mentioned. We don&#8217;t know what that plague was nor how many people perished because of it. These things would add greatly to the unpopularity of Jehoram throughout his realm.<\/p>\n<p> Another invasion takes place: &#8220;And the Lord stirred up against Jehoram the spirit of the Philistines, and of the Arabians, which are beside the Ethiopians: and they came up against Judah, and brake into it, and carried away all the substance that was found in the king&#8217;s house, and his sons also, and his wives; so that there was never a son left him, save Jehoahaz, the youngest of the sons.&#8221; They invaded his capital, took his treasures, and his harem, and carried them away, only one son left, Jehoahaz, known more correctly as Ahaziah.<\/p>\n<p> Shortly after this Jehoram falls a prey to his sickness or disease and dies, unlamented, undesired. In some respects a blessed death, that is, to those who were left. He is refused burial in the sepulchers of the kings. They buried him in the City of David but not in the sepulchers of the kings. He is too loathsome to be buried in the sacred burying grounds of the kings of Israel where David was buried. This reign is one of the first fruitages of that ill-fated alliance of Jehoshaphat with the house of Ahab.<\/p>\n<p> Then follows the reign of Ahaziah his son, which lasts about one year. He is a worthy son of his unspeakable mother. We find his record very short and is all a failure and ends in disgrace and murder. The record says that he entered into an alliance with Jehoram, his uncle, of northern Israel to fight against Ramothgilead, and bring it back into subjection out of the hands of Syria. Evidently their onslaught is successful. Ramothgilead is captured and Jehu left in charge of it. Jehoram is wounded and has to return to Jezreel in order that he might be healed, and while he is recovering Ahaziah goes back to Jerusalem, then pays a visit to Jehoram at Jezreel, and while they are at Jezreel we have enacted a scene which we discussed in a previous chapter. Jehoram is slain by an arrow shot from the bow of Jehu. Ahaziah flees for his life and is pursued by Jehu&#8217;s men, wounded in his chariot, escapes to Megiddo, and there dies. This is the end of the second of the kings of Judah that came under the influence of this unholy alliance of northern Israel.<\/p>\n<p> Now we take up the reign of Athaliah. As soon as Athaliah heard of the death of Ahaziah her son, and knowing that all of Ahaziah&#8217;s brothers had been captured and taken away by the Arabians and Philistines, and there was no proper heir to the throne excepting her grandsons, the narrative says that she arose and destroyed all the seed royal, that is, all her own grandsons. A woman that would do that is a monster rather than a woman. Fortunately, however, providence interposes. The chief priest of the nation, Jehoiada, a man of great influence and power, had married a sister of Ahaziah, and daughter of Athaliah, and by means of intimacy which this relationship permitted, took the only son of Ahaziah, just one year old, and hid him. Thus the dynasty is preserved.<\/p>\n<p> Now let us look at Jehu&#8217;s reign. The first great act which he performs is the destruction of Baal and Baal -worshipers, and he does it under false pretense. He does it in a most treacherous manner under the guise of zeal for their religion and he deceives them. He says, &#8220;Ahab served Baal little, Jehu shall serve him much,&#8221; and in that way gains the popularity of all those in favor of Baal worship. In that way he manages to secure the presence of a great host of Baal worshipers, but took pains to see that none of the Jehovah worshipers were there. All the priests of Baal are butchered. That is different from the death of the 450 prophets of Baal and the 450 prophets of Asherah by Elijah at Mount Carmel. That was a fair teat by Elijah, but they failed, and therefore deserved death. This was treachery on the part of Jehu, treachery that was inexcusable, and having done that, he breaks down the altars of Baal, destroys all the Baal worshipers in the capital of Samaria. But that does not imply that there were no Baal worshipers anywhere else in the kingdom for there were Baal cults in various sections still. Although Jehu had destroyed Baal worship as a state religion he institutes one very little better. He is a worshiper of Jehovah but it is a corrupt worship of the calves of Dan and Bethel and he follows in the way of Jeroboam the son of Nebat who made Israel to sin. It is awful how all of these men are said to have followed Jeroboam the son of Nebat in that he made Israel to sin. Every one of them does the same thing. There is a sermon on that statement entitled, &#8220;The Monotony of Sin.&#8221; All for generations doing the same thing and they are doing the same thing now; they have been doing the same thing for thousands of years. Jehu&#8217;s reign is on the whole an evil reign. The religion of Jehovah made little progress under his rule.<\/p>\n<p> Now Athaliah reigns and we have the strange spectacle of a woman on the throne of Judah, the daughter of Jezebel with Phoenician blood in her veins. We would expect that she would try to do what Jezebel did, viz: install, as the state religion of Judah, the worship of Baal, and so she did. There was no persecution of the prophets in southern Israel. She evidently could not do that, but she partly destroyed the Temple, took the sacred vessels out of it, established priests in her own temple of Baal and set up Baal worship, using the vessels that had been dedicated to Jehovah. Shrines were built throughout the whole kingdom, and now southern Judah is in danger of being brought under the sway of Baal as northern Israel was before Elijah appeared upon the scene. But there was one man in the realm raised up by divine providence to save the situation. Jehoiada is the son-in-law of Athaliah, a -man of influence and power, and evidently a man of great wisdom and piety, the foremost counsellor in the realm, the wisest and best man in the kingdom, the high priest. Six years of silence passes, and Jehoiada is wise enough to know how to hold his tongue and hold his wife&#8217;s tongue all that time. It is something for a man to be able to hold his tongue on such a great secret as he possessed, for six years. When little Joash had grown to be seven years old we find that Jehoiada began to strengthen himself in the kingdom and to mature his plans to set Joash upon the throne and destroy his mother-in-law, Athaliah. The time is ripe for action, the people are evidently dissatisfied with the reign of Athaliah, and are ready for the change. Jehoiada matures his plans with great deliberation, extreme caution and great shrewdness. We can&#8217;t understand all the details of the situation, the exact relation of the house and the Temple, but we find that he divides the Temple guards and palace guards into three companies, and stations them in separate places surrounding the king, so that he is perfectly safe, and no enemies can get to him. A way is left open by which Athaliah may come into the Temple and any who may follow her, but they will at once be slain as they attempt to pass through. At a given time and a given signal, all the soldiers in their places, the people throng around and raise the shout, Joash is set upon the throne; he is handed the testimony of the law according to the command of Moses, the crown is placed upon his head, and Joash is proclaimed king. Athaliah does not know what is taking place, she hears the noise, rushes forth and pretends to be horrified, tears her clothes and shouts, &#8220;Treason! Treason!&#8221; Was it treason? How many people there are who know they are in the wrong, and yet when the people turn against them, are ready to cry out like that. They put on an air of injured innocence. Hypocrites! This avails her nothing. She is in the Temple courts and they will not spill Phoenician blood there. &#8220;Have her forth between the ranks,&#8221; says Jehoiada, and as they made way for her she went to the entry of the horse gate and there she is slain. Jehoiada matured his plans as perfectly as Jehu and carried them out almost as quickly and successfully. That ends the reign of Phoenician blood upon the throne of Israel. There is no doubt that most of the people of Israel felt that a great crisis had passed.<\/p>\n<p> Now let us look at the reign of Joash. He reigned for forty years beginning when a boy only seven. Joash was a grandson of Athaliah on his father&#8217;s side, so there was a little of the Phoenician blood in his veins. It is not all pure Hebrew blood, and as blood will tell sooner or later, we find that his Phoenician, corrupt, heathen blood manifests itself in the life of Joash afterward.<\/p>\n<p> His great religious revolutions and reforms were instituted by Jehoiada. As soon as Joash is made king, Jehoiada renews the covenant thus: &#8220;And Jehoiada made a covenant between himself and all the people, and the king, that they should be the Lord&#8217;s people.&#8221; That covenant had been broken through Athaliah&#8217;s introduction of Baal worship, through the breaking up of the Temple services and the defection of the people to Baal. Now Jehoiada must renew the covenant between God and Judah. The covenant made at Sinai had been broken more than once, and had been renewed. He establishes a covenant between the king and the people, and between the king and Jehovah on the basis of the law of Moses. The king is to be representative of Jehovah and must rule as Jehovah directs through his prophets. Now there is a revival of true religion and a reformation is begun. The first thing to be done is to destroy Baal: &#8220;And all the people of the land went to the house of Baal, and brake it down; his altars and his images brake they in pieces thoroughly, and slew Mattan the priest of Baal before the altars. And the priest appointed officers over the house of the Lord.&#8221; They carried out a work in southern Israel almost similar to what Jehu did-in northern Israel: the priests of Baal are slain, the temple of Baal is broken down, and the shrines of Baal destroyed, and Baal worship is given a severe blow in southern Israel, but it is not extinguished; there are still Baal worshipers in high places, shrines here and there throughout the country where they carry on this vile and licentious worship of their deity.<\/p>\n<p> The next thing was to reorganize the Temple service: &#8220;And Jehoiada appointed the officers of the house of the Lord under the hand of the priests and Levites whom David had distributed in the house of the Lord, to offer the burnt sacrifices of the Lord, as it is written in the law of Moses, with rejoicing and with singing, according to the order of David.&#8221; The reorganization of the Temple service, a reinstitution of the sacrifices of the burnt offerings and thus once more the nation is brought back to the worship of the true God, Jehovah. Again, it is said, &#8220;So all the people of the land rejoiced, and the city was quiet.&#8221; A brief pointed statement, but there is a history behind it. There must have been turmoil, strife, confusion, bloodshed, and unrest in the city of Jerusalem as this revolution in religion was going on, but Jehoiada&#8217;s hands have hold of the reigns of power and the city calms down and is quiet. Joash is a good and faithful king so long as he is under the influence of Jehoiada, who did the strange thing to take two wives for Joash, which is very hard to account for.<\/p>\n<p> There were great reforms instituted by Joash. Notice what the king himself institutes. He begins first to repair the Temple that had been broken down during the reign of Athaliah and Jehoram, and in order to do that he must raise money, and to raise money he commands the priests to bring in the revenue which they receive from the people. Under the law of Moses every man of Israel had to pay a shekel or a half-shekel every year. Now the priests or Levites were to receive that money and bring it to the king to be utilized in repairing the Temple. Joash depends upon the honesty of the priests. We see here a very inefficient organization, and it doesn&#8217;t work. &#8220;Howbeit the Levites hastened it not.&#8221; They pocketed the money. It didn&#8217;t go into the treasury and therefore the house of the Lord could not be repaired. That scheme failed because the priests lacked honesty and integrity.<\/p>\n<p> Now let us look at Jehu&#8217;s political relations. We find by consulting Price&#8217;s The Monuments and the Old Testament, that Jehu was forced to pay heavy tribute to Shalmaneser, king of Assyria. Shalmaneser says himself at that time, &#8220;I received tribute of the Tyreans and the Sidonians and of Jehu the son of Omri,&#8221; in one of his inscriptions and on the back of an obelisk left by Shalmaneser we have pictures of Jehu bringing to him presents of gold, basins of gold, bowls of gold, cups of gold, lead, a royal scepter and staves. Thus we see that Jehu had to pay heavy tribute in order to maintain the integrity of his kingdom after thus securing it. We have no record that Jehu ever fought against Shalmaneser or that Shalmaneser ever fought against Jehu; but Shalmaneser had gained a great victory over Damascus and Syria, and Jehu had to pay him this heavy tribute to keep him away from Israel. Thus Jehu&#8217;s reign was not all peace and prosperity. He is in a sense under the iron heel of Assyria. We also see from <span class='bible'>2Ki 10:32-33<\/span> that Jehu lost all eastern Palestine, which was smitten by Hazael, king of Syria, and thus his kingdom was stripped and there was left to him only a small portion of western Palestine: &#8220;In those days the Lord began to cut Israel short; and Hazael smote them in all the coasts of Israel; from Jordan eastward, all the land of Gilead, the Gadites, and the Reubenites, and the Manassites, from Aroer, which is by the valley of Arnon, even Gilead and Bashan.&#8221; Thus Jehu is stripped of all of his possessions east of the Jordan. Though one of the ablest of the monarchs of northern Israel, Jehu was also the one that led Israel into sin, and his kingdom was in worse condition at the end than it was at the beginning.<\/p>\n<p> Now let us take up the reign of Jehoahaz. Jehu reigned twenty-eight years, and was succeeded by Jehoahaz his son, who reigned only seventeen years, and followed in the footsteps of his father and Jeroboam the son of Nebat which made Israel to sin. In the reign of Jehoahaz we read: &#8220;And Hazael king of Syria oppressed Israel all the days of Jehoahaz. And the anger of the Lord was kindled against Israel and he delivered them into the hand of Hazael king of Syria, and into the hand of Benhadad the son of Hazael, continually &#8220;That means that they were compelled to pay tribute, heavy tribute to their conquerors, which drained them of all their resources and left them little better than slaves.<\/p>\n<p> Jehoiada brings forth a new scheme. He is a wise man, and when he finds this other plan of Joash will not work, he suggests that they make a great chest, or box, and bore a hole in the top of it so that no man can get his hand into it, and place this box beside the altar near the entrance to the house of the Lord where the people come and go so that every man could put his tax into the box. It is not long before they find a large amount of money in it, and they are very careful how it should be counted and paid out, and very careful about the men who are to count it and hand it over to the workmen. We see how they go on with the details of the work, and they found enough money to repair the breaches of the Temple that had been broken down, and to provide the various vessels, the cups of silver, snuffers, basins, trumpets, vessels of gold, or vessels of silver. Then we find that the Temple worship is resumed, and the burnt offerings were offered continually as it had been for several years previous. Then follows an account of the death of Jehoiada, an old man, 130 years old. They buried him in the city of David among the kings as he was a king&#8217;s son-in-law, and was honored as few other Israelites have been who were not of the royal family.<\/p>\n<p> After his death the bad blood flowing in the veins of Joash is manifest. A change comes; the pressure is off; the wise counsellor is gone, and Joash now begins to show what is his true nature and character. He comes under the influence of the princes of Judah, the upper ten or the upper 400, who secretly or openly preferred the worship of Baal to the worship of Jehovah, possibly because of its licentiousness. Joash is foolish enough to listen to them, sanctions the worship of Baal and of Asherah, turns his back upon the worship of Jehovah. Worse than that, Zechariah, the son of Jehoiada, a prophet of God, is raised up to rebuke and reprove Joash for his sin, but Joash commands that Zechariah be stoned to death in the Temple area because he has dared to warn and admonish the king. Base ingratitude. &#8220;O, what a falling off was this!&#8221; Zechariah&#8217;s last words, &#8220;The Lord look upon it and require it,&#8221; were remembered and recorded, as was the dying statement of Jesus Christ and of Stephen, the martyr. Some scholars think that when Jesus Christ was speaking to the Pharisees about the blood of Zechariah, which should be required of their generation, that he referred to this same Zechariah. Joash has incurred the hostility of the prophets and the worshipers of Jehovah in his realm. The best people of his country conspired against him, and very soon he is put to death. Israel is in a desperate condition during the reign of Jehoahaz. Hazael and Benhadad have assaulted him and-defeated him to such an extent that only fifty horsemen and ten chariots and ten thousand footmen are left. For the king of Syria destroyed them and made them like the dust in the threshing. The kingdom could hardly be lower and exist at all. It is at its lowest ebb. Joash&#8217;s reign ends in misery and defeat. Hazael whom Elijah had anointed in Damascus, that ruthless monarch of Syria, who has crushed northern Israel under his feet and ground it to dust, advances as far south as Judah and Jerusalem and meets a large army of Joash and defeats it utterly, kills the princes of the people, and sends all the spoil that he captures back to Damascus. Then Hazael goes down to Philistia and takes the strong city of Gath, then he turns his eye upon Jerusalem with its vast treasures and is intending to advance up one of those mountain defiles to the hilltop whereon Jerusalem is situated and conquer the capital and take all its treasures. The only thing Joash can do, is to buy Hazael off. Then Joash strips the Temple of all the hallowed things, takes the gold and the treasure and hands it over to Hazael. Hazael is satisfied, as all he wants is the plunder and the treasure of the Temple, and in this way he got it without fighting for it.<\/p>\n<p> Joash perishes by the hands of his own servants who had become disgusted with him because of his apostasy and evil reign. They buried him with the family in the City of David, but it does not say in the sepulchers of the kings.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><strong> QUESTIONS<\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/p>\n<p> 1. What was the condition of Israel at this time?<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p> 2. What were the antecedent facts in the history of Judah bearing on this period?<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p> 3. After the death of Ahaziah who reigned in his stead, how did she get the throne, and how was God&#8217;s promise to David made sure?<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p> 4. What was Jehu&#8217;s policy and what was his scheme to destroy Baal?<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p> 5. What right had Jehu to destroy so many people?<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p> 6. What do you think of his method and what did God command in Jehu?<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p> 7. How did the Lord reward Jehu for his service and wherein did Jehu fail?<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p> 8. Recite the story of how the royal line of David was restored.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p> 9. How did Athaliah meet with her deserts?<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p> 10. Who was Joash&#8217;s mother and what was the bearing on the life of Joash?<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p> 11. What was the character of Jehoiada and what were his works?<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p> 12. What was Jehoiada&#8217;s influence over Joash, what was the spiritual condition of the kingdom of Judah at this time, what strange thing did Jehoiada do and how do you account for it?<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p> 13. What command did Joash give and what was his plan for carrying it out?<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p> 14. What happened to Israel during the reign of Joash and what was the character of the Syrians.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p> 15. Who succeeded Jehu, what was his character, who oppressed Israel during this time and what were the events in his reign?<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p> 16. How did Joash&rsquo;s plan for repairing the Temple work, what was the fault with the plans and what was the lesson?<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p> 17. What new plan did they adopt and what custom perhaps originated here?<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p> 18. What order did he here reset?<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p> 19. What was the lesson here of the value of the preacher to the world?<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p> 20. What prophetic book has its setting here?<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p> 21. What distinction in Jehoiada&rsquo;s burial?<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p> 22. What was his sin of omission; his sin of commission?<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p> 23. What indicates Joash&rsquo;s weakness, what were his sins, what was the origin of the high places and groves, and what was the paliation for the sins of Joash?<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p> 24. How did the Lord try to bring them back, how did they receive the Lord&rsquo;s prophet&rsquo;s what special case cited, how did Joash show his ingratitude in his case, and what New Testament use of this incident?<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p> 25. What was the judgment executed on Joash and how did he escape?<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p> 26. Rewrite the story of Joash&rsquo;s death and contrast this death with that of Jehoiada.<\/p>\n<h4 align='right'><i><b>Fuente: B.H. Carroll&#8217;s An Interpretation of the English Bible<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n<p> 2Ch 24:1 Joash [was] seven years old when he began to reign, and he reigned forty years in Jerusalem. His mother&rsquo;s name also [was] Zibiah of Beersheba.<\/p>\n<p> Ver. 1. <strong> And he reigned forty years.<\/strong> ] See <span class='bible'>2Ki 12:1<\/span> . <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p> His mother&rsquo;s name also was Zibiah of Beersheba.] Whatever his mother was, his foster mother, his aunt Jehoshebah, did all the offices of a good mother to him; but he ill requited her in her son Zechariah. It is said of the Irish, <em> a<\/em> that the love of foster brothers amongst them far surpasses all the loves of all men. <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><em> a<\/em> Camden&rsquo;s <em> Elisab.<\/p>\n<h4 align='right'><i><b>Fuente: John Trapp&#8217;s Complete Commentary (Old and New Testaments)<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n<p> <strong> 2 Chronicles Chapter 24<\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/p>\n<p> If Joash was brought thus prosperously to the throne through a sea of royal blood, and if judgment inaugurated the judgment of enemies, and if idolatry was put down, and if all new was apparently so bright and hopeful for the king of Judah, it was but for a passing season. &#8220;And Joash did what was right in the sight of Jehovah all the days of Jehoiada the priest&#8221; (chap. 24). Yes, but it was more the influence of Jehoiada than faith in the living God. An influence, sooner or later, must fail. The influence of man is not the faith of God&#8217;s elect.<\/p>\n<p> Jehoiada then passes away, after the king had called him to task; for such was his zeal for a little while. Flesh may be even more zealous than faith, but then there is this difference: faith continues; the effort of flesh is transient. It may begin well, but the question is whether it continues. Its continuance is always the grand proof of what is divine. Joash did not continue according to his beginnings; for we are told that after his fair effort in behalf of the neglected repairs of the house of Jehovah, he relaxed, though this is given more elsewhere than here. But here, even, we find the influences, the malignant influences, of the princes of Judah. &#8220;The king hearkened unto them,&#8221; it is said, after the death of Jehoiada. &#8220;And they left the house of Jehovah, God of their fathers, and served groves and idols: and wrath came upon Judah and Jerusalem for this their trespass.&#8221; Nevertheless, God still testified by His prophets, and more particularly by Zechariah the son of Jehoiada the priest. &#8220;And they conspired against him, and stoned him with stones, at the commandment of the king.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p> What ingratitude! What perfidy toward the son of his own near relative and the guardian of his own life! &#8220;Thus Joash the king,&#8221; says the Spirit of God most touchingly, &#8220;remembered not the kindness which Jehoiada his father had done to him, but slew his son. And when he died he said, Jehovah look upon it and require it.&#8221; And so He did, for &#8220;it came to pass at the end of the year that the host of Syria came up against him, and they came to Judah and Jerusalem, and destroyed all the princes of the people from among the people, and sent all the spoil of them unto the king of Damascus. For the army of the Syrians came with a small company of men.&#8221; It was not, therefore, might or power; it was God. &#8220;And Jehovah delivered a great host into their hand, because they had forsaken the Jehovah God of their fathers.&#8221; What was a host against Jehovah guiding His people. but now even a small company overwhelms the great host of Judah. &#8220;So they executed Judgment against Joash.&#8221; Nor was this all, for he was left in great disease, and his own servants conspired against him who had shed the blood of Zechariah the son of Jehoiada, and they &#8220;slew him on his bed, and he died: and they buried him in the city of David, but they buried him not in the sepulchres of the kings.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p> Thus we see a downward progress. In the former case they made no burning for Jehoram, as they did for his fathers. Now, they do not even bury Joash in the sepulchres of the kings. And if God gives the names of the conspirators, it was not that He had any complacency in them, though their act might not be without righteous judgment. He lets us know that they were those who had not the feeling of Israel, but the heart of an enemy under an Israelitish name; for Zabad was the son of Shimeath, an Ammonitess, and Jozabad, the son of Shimrith, a Moabitess. On the mother&#8217;s side, the stock was evil, and a mother has enormous influence for good or evil.<\/p>\n<h4 align='right'><i><b>Fuente: William Kelly Major Works (New Testament)<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n<p>Joash. Compare 2Ki 12:1, 2Ki 12:2. <\/p>\n<h4 align='right'><i><b>Fuente: Companion Bible Notes, Appendices and Graphics<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n<p>Chapter 24<\/p>\n<p>In verse 2Ch 24:15  of chapter 24, find Jehoiada, the priest that exercised such a good influence, died in a ripe old age of a hundred and thirty years.<\/p>\n<p>And they buried him in the city of David among the kings, because he had done so much good in Israel. But at his death the princes of Judah made obeisance to the king. And the king began to hearken unto them. And they left the house of the LORD God of their fathers, and they began to worship the pagan gods in the groves and the idols: and the wrath came upon Judah and Jerusalem for this trespass. And yet he sent prophets to them, to bring them again unto the LORD; and they testified against them: but they would not give ear ( 2Ch 24:16-19 ).<\/p>\n<p>So God was angry. He sent His prophets, but they wouldn&#8217;t listen to the prophets.<\/p>\n<p>And so the Spirit of God came upon [this prophet, his name was] Zechariah and he stood above people, and he said unto them, Thus saith God, Why do you transgress the commandments of the LORD, that you cannot prosper? because you have forsaken the LORD, he also has forsaken you. And they conspired against him, and stoned him with stones at the commandment of the king in the court of the house of the LORD. And thus Joash the king remembered not the kindness which Jehoiada his father had done to him, but he slew his son ( 2Ch 24:20-22 ).<\/p>\n<p>Now this Zechariah was the son of the priest. Actually, he probably grew up with Joash. But Joash is turning against God, against the early roots.<\/p>\n<p>And when he died, he said, The LORD look upon it, and require it ( 2Ch 24:22 ).<\/p>\n<p>Now it is interesting that the Jews later on began to always almost worship their fathers. &#8220;Our fathers. Our fathers.&#8221; I mean, that was always their cry, &#8220;Our fathers,&#8221; in almost an ancestral worship that developed by the Jews in later years. And it was a thing that when Jesus was talking with them, it was a thing of debate almost as they would say, &#8220;But our fathers,&#8221; you know, as though their fathers were so righteous and so holy. And Jesus one day got after them and said, &#8220;Which of the prophets did your fathers not kill?&#8221; Their fathers that they always revered in such righteousness and all killed the prophets that God sent to them.<\/p>\n<p>Of course, Stephen points out the same thing in when he stood before the Sanhedrin. He tore down this concept of, &#8220;Our fathers were so righteous.&#8221; And he tore down that concept, and he really laid it out on them. And they got so angry they began to gnash their teeth and they dragged him out and stoned him.<\/p>\n<p>So Jesus gave the parable of how that this lord had gone away and he left his goods, the vineyard and all in the hands of his servants. And so the time came for harvest and he sent a servant to them that he might gather the fruit or the money from the sale of the fruit and all and bring it to him. But they mistreated and killed the servants. And finally he said, &#8220;I will send my own son. Surely they will respect him.&#8221; But when the son came, they said, &#8220;Hey, this is the heir. Let&#8217;s destroy him and then it will be ours.&#8221; And Jesus actually was speaking a parable concerning Himself and how the Father had sent the prophets and how they had actually killed the prophets. But then when He sent His own Son, they even sought to kill Him. And He said, &#8220;What will the father do? He will take the vineyard from those or the goods from those evil servants and he will give it unto others,&#8221; as Jesus was then prophesying the gospel, God&#8217;s grace coming to the Gentiles and God&#8217;s Spirit being poured out upon us.<\/p>\n<p>So here is another account, the prophet of God, Zechariah, son of Jehoiada the priest, the faithful priest who was put to death by Joash in the later years as he turned, really. And so as the result of this, God allowed the Syrians to come to pass at the end of the year and He delivered Judah and Jerusalem to the hands of the Syrians. Now the Syrians didn&#8217;t have a big army at all when they came down in this invasion. There were just a few of them. But God delivered a whole host of Judah into the hands of just a few Syrians because of their sin against the Lord.<\/p>\n<p>The death of Joash is then recorded beginning with verse 2Ch 24:25 . <\/p>\n<p>&#8220;<\/p>\n<h4 align='right'><i><b>Fuente: Through the Bible Commentary<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n<p>This chapter gives us the story of the reign of Joash. He was the only one of the royal seed who was preserved alive when Athaliah sought to destroy all the family of Ahaziah. He was hidden away for some six years in the temple by his aunt Jehoshabeath, the wife of Jehoiada the high priest, who arranged matters so well that, when the child was seven years old, Jehoiada caused him to be crowned king, and he put to death the cruel she-wolf Athaliah, who had destroyed the royal family. You see, therefore, how much this young king owed to his uncle the high-priest. Now let us read the story of his reign.<\/p>\n<p>2Ch 24:1. Joash was seven years old when he began to reign, and he reigned forty years in Jerusalem.<\/p>\n<p>He might have reigned much longer had he not erred and turned aside from the right way, and so brought judgment upon himself.<\/p>\n<p>2Ch 24:1-2. His mothers name also was Zibiah of Beersheba. And Joash did that which was right in the sight of the LORD all the days of Jehoiada the priest.<\/p>\n<p>As long as his uncle lived, that truly devout statesman as well as priest of the Lord, Joash did that which was right in the sight of the Lord.<\/p>\n<p>2Ch 24:3-4. And Jehoiada took for him two wives; and he begat sons and daughters. And it came to pass after this, <\/p>\n<p>Probably, some three and twenty years after, <\/p>\n<p>2Ch 24:4. That Joash was minded to repair the house of the LORD.<\/p>\n<p>Jehoiada had with him broken in pieces the images of Baal, and battered down the temples of the idols; and now the young king is minded to repair the house of Jehovah.<\/p>\n<p>2Ch 24:5. And he gathered together the priests and the Levites, and said to them, go out unto the cities of Judah, and gather of all Israel money to repair the house of your God from year to year, and see that ye hasten the matter. Howbeit the Levites hastened it not.<\/p>\n<p>It is a great pity when those who live in the house of God have not enough interest in it to see to its repair. The fact was, the offerings presented at the temple, like the tithes in modern times, were intended not only for the ministers, but for the maintaining of the fabric, too. But these priests and Levites would not allow anything to be deducted from their own income even for the repair of the house in which they served. So Joash ordained that special collections should be made for the purpose.<\/p>\n<p>2Ch 24:6-9. And the king called for Jehoiada the chief, and said unto him, Why hast thou not required of the Levites to bring in out of Judah and out of Jerusalem the collection, according to the commandment of Moses the servant of the Lord, and of the congregation of Israel, for the tabernacle of witnesses? For the sons of Athaliah, that wicked woman, had broken up the honour of God: and also all the dedicated things of the house of the LORD did they bestow upon Baalim. And at the kings commandment they made a chest, and set it without at the gate of the house of the LORD. And they made a proclamation through Judah and Jerusalem, to bring in to the LORD the collection that Moses the servant of God laid upon Israel in the wilderness.<\/p>\n<p>Everyone must give his half shekel by way of redemption money, and this had not been brought in.<\/p>\n<p>2Ch 24:10-14. And all the princes and all the people rejoiced, and brought in, and cast into the chest, until they had made an end. Now it came to pass, that at what time the chest was brought unto the kings office by the hand of the Levites, and when they saw that there was much money, the kings scribe and the high priests officer came and emptied the chest, and took it, and carried it to his place again. This they did day by day, and gathered money in abundance. And the king and Jehoiada gave it to such as did the work of the service of the house of the LORD, and hired masons and carpenters to repair the house of the LORD, and, also such as wrought iron and brass to mend the house of the LORD. So the workmen wrought, and the work was perfected by them, and they set the house of God in his state, and strengthened it. And when they had finished it, they brought the rest of the money before the king and Jehoiada, whereof were made vessels for the house of the LORD, even vessels to minister, and to offer withal, and spoons, and vessels of gold and silver. And they offered burnt offerings in the house of the LORD continually all the day of Jehoiada.<\/p>\n<p>See the influence of one man. One man can sway a state. One man can check sin. One man can be the head of a host who shall serve God, and honour his name.<\/p>\n<p>2Ch 24:15. But Jehoiada waxed old,<\/p>\n<p>It happened to him as it must happen to us all; for the best of men must grow old, and pass away. Let us value them while we have them. Too often we give them stones while they are alive, in anticipation of giving them bigger stones to keep them in memory when they die. Jehoiada waxed old, <\/p>\n<p>2Ch 24:15. And was full of day when he died; an hundred and thirty years old was he when he died.<\/p>\n<p>An unusual age for that time; short enough as compared with the years of the antediluvian patriarchs, but still a great age for those days.<\/p>\n<p>2Ch 24:16. And they buried him in the city of David among the kings, because he had done good in Israel, both toward God, and toward his house.<\/p>\n<p>That is the best kind of good which begins with doing good toward God, and then goes on to doing good towards Gods house. The Church is to be served, but even it must be second to Gods glory. God first, and then the very best must come next.<\/p>\n<p>2Ch 24:17. Now after the death of Jehoiada came the princes of Judah, and made obeisance to the king. Then the king hearkened unto them.<\/p>\n<p>These flatterers came with all their daintiest manners, and made obeisance to the king, and the king hearkened unto them. All the days of Jehoiada, these princes had been afraid to set up the fashionable worship the worship of Baalim, that had been introduced by the Sidonian queen Jezebel, that wicked woman of strong and masterful spirit. This worldly and false religion had been put down by the strong hand of Jehoiada; but when its adherents thought they had a chance to get to the front again, they came and flattered the king, and the king hearkened unto them.<\/p>\n<p>2Ch 24:18. And they left the house of the LORD God of their fathers, and served groves and idols:<\/p>\n<p>Or, Asherah and idols. The word is mistakenly translated groves. These were certain horrible and disgusting emblems of the heathen goddess Ashtaroth, or Astarte: They served Asherah and idols.<\/p>\n<p>2Ch 24:18-19. And wrath came upon Judah and Jerusalem for this their trespass. Yet he sent prophets to them, to bring them again unto the LORD; and they testified against them: but they would not give ear.<\/p>\n<p>These old Puritans have come back again, said they. We will not listen to them. The common people were still mostly worshippers of Jehovah; but the great ones of the earth had gone over to the idols, and they could not endure that one and another of the prophets, often very humble and unlearned men, should come and bear testimony for Jehovah.<\/p>\n<p>2Ch 24:20. And the Spirit of God came upon Zechariah the son of Jehoiada the priest, which stood above the people, and said unto them, Thus saith God, Why transgress ye the commandments of the Lord, that ye cannot prosper? because ye have forsaken the Lord, he hath also forsaken you.<\/p>\n<p>He spoke very temperately and affectionately. The warning was faithful; but it was delivered in the very best and kindest spirit. But now see what the wicked men did.<\/p>\n<p>2Ch 24:21. And they conspired against him, and stoned him with stones at the commandment of the king in the court of the house of the Lord.<\/p>\n<p>This is probably the prophet to whom Christ alludes when he speaks of Zechariah, whom ye slew between the temple and the altar. It was a crime most foul to murder the son of Jehoiada, one of those who had helped to put the crown upon the head of the king. To do this evil deed in the court of Gods house, when the prophet was engaged in his Masters business, and delivering a divine message, was to heap sin upon sin. <\/p>\n<p>2Ch 24:22-23. Thus Joash the king remembered not the kindness which Jehoiada his father had done to him, but slew his son. And when he died, he said, The LORD look upon it, and require it. And it came to pass at the end of the year, that the host of Syria came up against him: and they came to Judah and Jerusalem, and destroyed all the princes of the people from among the people, and sent all the spoil of them unto the king of Damascus.<\/p>\n<p>God delayed not long the punishment of the evil-doers. When his servants are persecuted, he will speedily avenge his own elect. They destroyed all the princes of the people from among the people. Was not that remarkable? These were the authors of the sin; and they had chiefly to endure the penalty. It is not always that invaders lay hold upon the princes alone, and slay them; but these Syrians did so.<\/p>\n<p>2Ch 24:24-25. For the army of the Syrians came with a small company of men, and the LORD delivered a very great host into their hand, because they had forsaken the LORD God of their fathers. So they executed judgment against Joash. And when they were departed from him, (for they left him in great diseases,) his own servants conspired against him for the blood of the sons of Jehoiada the priest, and slew him on his bed, and he died: and they buried him in the city of David, but they buried him not in the sepulchres of the kings.<\/p>\n<p>When one set of executioners had gone, his own servants conspired against him and slew him. Here ends our reading. May it be profitable to us!<\/p>\n<h4 align='right'><i><b>Fuente: Spurgeon&#8217;s Verse Expositions of the Bible<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n<p>2Ch 24:1-3<\/p>\n<p>2Ch 24:1-3<\/p>\n<p>END OF THE REIGN OF JOASH<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Joash was seven years old when he began to reign; and he reigned forty years in Jerusalem: and his mother&#8217;s name was Zibiah, of Beersheba. And Joash did that which was right in the eyes of Jehovah all the days of Jehoiada the priest. And Jehoiada took for him two wives; and he begat sons and daughters.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>These three verses are parallel with 2Ki 12:1-4. (See our comments there.)<\/p>\n<p>E.M. Zerr:<\/p>\n<p>2Ch 24:1. It was a common practice of historians to make a brief statement that covered the life of a prominent man, in general, then follow with the details. The entire life of Joash was only 47 years, because he met a violent death as we shall see. <\/p>\n<p>2Ch 24:2-3. This paragraph also is a general statement, extending over the entire life of Joash. As long as he had the good influence of Jehoiada to guide him, he did what was right. He listened to the wise counsel of the priest even in the selection of wives, when he became old enough for marriage. <\/p>\n<h4 align='right'><i><b>Fuente: Old and New Testaments Restoration Commentary<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n<p>The reform under Joash was really due to the influence of Jehoiada the priest. This is clearly indicated in the statement of the chronicler that &#8220;Joash did that which was right in the eyes of the Lord all the days of Jehoiada the priest.&#8221; During this period the king would seem to have been honestly zealous in endeavoring to re-establish the true worship of God.<\/p>\n<p>The reform center is, as always in this Book, around the Temple. &#8220;They set up the House of God in its state, and strengthened it.&#8221; Worship was maintained while Jehoiada lived. After his death the king passed under the influence of the princes of Judah, and the house of God was forsaken and idolatry again established in the land. The king, who had been zealous in reform, now became determined in his wickedness, refusing to obey the voices of the prophets, and encompassing the death of Zechariah, the son of his old friend, Jehoiada.<\/p>\n<p>The study of the story of Joash offers a striking instance of how a weak man is easily influenced. All such men are illustrations of the absolute importance of strong individual character which can be created only where the soul had direct dealing with God and depends wholly on Him. All merely human influence, whether good or bad, is perilous. If a man has nothing more to lean on than the strength of another good man, and the latter should fail from any cause collapse is almost inevitable. All foundations may fail, save the one. When the will of man is yielded wholly to the will of God, and no other authority is sought or permitted, there is perfect safety. Where this is lacking, every changing tide of circumstances will alter the current of life. <\/p>\n<h4 align='right'><i><b>Fuente: An Exposition on the Whole Bible<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n<p>2Ch 24:4-5, 2Ch 24:13<\/p>\n<p>Consider what reason we have for regarding a place of Christian worship with peculiar reverence.<\/p>\n<p>I. The Biblical history of a place where God is worshipped represents it as one of peculiar and awful sanctity.<\/p>\n<p>II. The Bible represents the building and repairing of the Lord&#8217;s house as acts of eminent piety. The historian says of Joash in the context that he was a godly man as long as he had the guidance of the celebrated priest Jehoiada. Yet the only thing thought worthy of mention in that part of his reign is that &#8220;he was minded to repair the house of the Lord.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>III. It is the instinct of a devout heart everywhere and always to revere the house in which God is publicly worshipped.<\/p>\n<p>IV. The associations of the Lord&#8217;s house are an incalculable help to the culture of religious character. We are creatures of association. We are moved more profoundly than we think by our surroundings. The recollection of our experiences in the house of God may be among the most precious treasures that memory hoards.<\/p>\n<p>V. A Christian church is the most significant emblem that we have of heaven. &#8220;This is the gate of heaven,&#8221; said the astonished patriarch. He had seen angels. Heaven seemed very near to him.<\/p>\n<p> A. Phelps, The Old Testament a Living Book, p. 67.<\/p>\n<p>Reference: 2Ch 24:8-10.-Sermons for Boys and Girls, p. 221.<\/p>\n<p>2 Chronicles 24<\/p>\n<p>I. Josiah was an early seeker. At the age of eight he did that which was right in the sight of the Lord, and at sixteen he began to seek the God of his father David with more earnestness than ever. And he found Him, and became a wonder unto many, a royal miracle of grace. This boy will condemn you if you are not an early seeker of God, you who have so many more encouragements than he had. God expects you to seek early; you can seek early, and early seekers are sure finders.<\/p>\n<p>II. Josiah was also a hearty hater of evil. He hated idols just as much as he loved Jehovah; his hatred sprang from love, and was steeped in love. He did not love from a softness or easiness of nature, but the fire of God within him burnt into hatred and melted into love. Holy hatred kept his feet from falling, his eyes from tears, and his soul from death.<\/p>\n<p>III. Josiah was a real hero. A hero is one who in doing duty scorns great dangers. Nearly all the people were against Josiah&#8217;s reforms, which put his life in peril; but he pushed boldly forward. Conscience was his king; and he felt that it was not necessary for him to live, but that it was necessary for him to do his work. The fear of God drove the fear of man out of Josiah&#8217;s heart, and made him a true hero.<\/p>\n<p>IV. Josiah was missed and mourned when he died. There is a night in the history of Spain which is known as &#8220;the sad night,&#8221; and so in the history of Judah the death of Josiah was &#8220;the sad day.&#8221; Many young lives are like a shattered column: unhewn from top to bottom. But Josiah&#8217;s life was like a well-chiselled pillar, though snapped in the middle by the rude shock of battle. Hence he was sorely missed and mourned.<\/p>\n<p> J. Wells, Bible Children, p. 159.<\/p>\n<p>Reference: 2Ch 24:19, 2Ch 24:21.-Clergyman&#8217;s Magazine, vol. ix., p. 338.<\/p>\n<h4 align='right'><i><b>Fuente: The Sermon Bible<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n<p>CHAPTER 24 The Temple Repaired, Apostasy and its Results<\/p>\n<p>1. Joashs reign (2Ch 24:1-3)<\/p>\n<p>2. The failure of the priests (2Ch 24:4-7)<\/p>\n<p>3. The temple repaired (2Ch 24:8-14)<\/p>\n<p>4. Death of Jehoiada (2Ch 24:15-16)<\/p>\n<p>5. The apostasy (2Ch 24:17-22)<\/p>\n<p>6. The Syrian invasion (2Ch 24:23-24)<\/p>\n<p>7. The death of Joash (2Ch 24:25-27)<\/p>\n<p>Joash was seven years old when he began his reign and reigned forty years. As long as Jehoiada the priest lived, he did what was right in the sight of the Lord. The account of the repairing of the temple needs no further comment here. (See annotations on 2 Kings 12.) Jehoiada, the faithful priest, who had so much to do with these important events during this crisis, died 130 years old. Being connected by marriage with the royal house and in appreciation of the great work he had accomplished because he had done good in Israel, both toward God, and toward His house, they buried him among the kings. After his death it became manifest that the revival which had taken place had its mainstay in the good priest; Joashs convictions and faithfulness to Jehovah were but skin-deep. A reaction set in, as it has been so often in the history of the Church. He listened to the evil counsel of the princes of Judah, and then they left the house of the LORD God and became idolators. The result was wrath from God upon Judah and Jerusalem for this trespass. Such is man in his corrupt nature! But the gracious Lord did not give them up. His righteousness demanded judgment, yet in infinite mercy he sent prophets to bring them back. These unnamed prophets testified against them, but they would not give ear. They hardened their hearts against the Lord and His prophets.<\/p>\n<p>A worse deed followed. Jehoiada had a son by name of Zechariah; he was the cousin of the king. Upon him came the Spirit of God and he announced the fact that because they had forsaken the LORD, He had also forsaken them (2Ch 15:2). Like Stephen, the first martyr of the church, Zechariah had touched the sore spot; when they heard these things, they were cut to the heart. Then they stoned Zechariah as their offspring later stoned Stephen. It was worse than base ingratitude from the side of Joash that he gave the commandment to murder the son of Jehoiada. The king remembered not the kindness which Jehoiada his father had done him, but slew his son.<\/p>\n<p>But there is a difference between the last words of this martyr-prophet and the last words of the first martyr of the Church. Stephen prayed: Lord lay not this sin to their charge (Act 7:60). Zechariah said: The LORD look upon it and require it. Typically he represents the tribulation martyrs of the Jewish remnant, who will give the testimony concerning righteousness and the coming King at the end of the present age, and whose blood will cry for vengeance to heaven (Rev 6:9-11). There can be no doubt our Lord meant this Zechariah when He uttered the words in Mat 23:35. It is true He speaks of him as the son of Barachias (blessed of Jehovah); but this is not a difficulty. Barachias was another name Jehoiada bore and well suited to his character. Our Lord informs us of the place where he was slain, between the temple and the altar. Joash, completely forsaken by the LORD, was defeated by the Syrians. Great diseases came upon him and he was murdered by his own servants. Like Jehoram he was not buried in the sepulchres of the kings.<\/p>\n<h4 align='right'><i><b>Fuente: Gaebelein&#8217;s Annotated Bible (Commentary)<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n<p>am 3126-3165, bc 878-839 <\/p>\n<p>Joash: Joash,  [Strong&#8217;s H3101], or  [Strong&#8217;s H3101], is merely an abbreviation of Jehoash,  [Strong&#8217;s H3060], by the elision of , hay, and here also of , wav. 2Ki 11:21, 2Ki 12:1, Jehoash, 1Ch 3:11 <\/p>\n<p>seven years old: As Joash was hidden six years in the temple, and was but seven when he came to the throne, he could have been but one year old when secreted by his aunt. <\/p>\n<p>Reciprocal: 2Ch 34:1 &#8211; eight years<\/p>\n<h4 align='right'><i><b>Fuente: The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n<p>2Ch 24:1. Joash was seven years old, &amp;c.  A great part of this chapter is explained in the notes on 2 Kings 12.<\/p>\n<h4 align='right'><i><b>Fuente: Joseph Bensons Commentary on the Old and New Testaments<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n<p>2Ch 24:6. The collection required by Moses for the erection of the tabernacle, of the half shekel. Dr. Lightfoot contends that it was but the half of the half shekel, the eighth part of an ounce.<\/p>\n<p>2Ch 24:7. The sons of Athaliah that wicked woman had broken up the house of God. She had managed Ahaziah by her counsel, 2Ch 22:3; and having done it during the time she swayed the sceptre, she would not be wanting to repeat the crime; or if she had sons by another husband, they could not be more than six or seven years of age.<\/p>\n<p>2Ch 24:20. The Spirit of God came upon Zechariah. The same phrase is used of Jahaziel: 2Ch 20:14.<\/p>\n<p>2Ch 24:21. They stoned him at the command of the king. Jehoiada lived to the vast age of a hundred and thirty years; and having saved Joash, the only male branch of Davids house, and completely repaired the temple, he acquired the surname of Berachiah, the blessed of the Lord. He left the pontificate to his son Zechariah, who inherited all the virtues of his sire. Now, because Baruch had a son named Zechariah, who was slain with myriads more at the taking of Jerusalem, our critics have too much displayed their learning in raking up whatever is known of the latter Zechariah. Certainly the Jews were not to blame for his death. It was the apostate nobles of Judah who prevailed on king Joash to restore idolatry, and in this glorious struggle Zechariah fell at his post resisting idolatry. They stoned him at the altar; so that as Hosea says, blood touched blood. While dying, with uplifted hands he testified his faith, and called on God to avenge his blood. Presently Joash, who had ordered him to be slain, was assassinated by two of his captains; so that his death had a striking resemblance to that of Zechariah. A chain of other calamities followed on the country. Before the death of Joash, Hazael king of Damascus carried his bloody conquests to Philistia; an earthquake also followed, which much desolated the country, while drought one year denied vegetation, and another year, the locust devoured the land. Joel 2.<\/p>\n<p>2Ch 24:27. The greatness of the burdens laid upon him; that is, the tribute which the Syrians had imposed. The Vulgate reads here, The sum of money gathered by him. <\/p>\n<p>REFLECTIONS.<\/p>\n<p>The fall of Athaliah and the elevation of Joash have already been considered. 2 Kings 11. How illustrious was the character of Jehoiada, so long the highpriest of Israel. His great wisdom, and his mild and paternal talents for administration, are sufficiently displayed by the share he must have had in the government during the happy reigns of Asa and of Jehoshaphat. His virtues were so conspicuous as to procure him a princess of the blood. His address and cool prudence, while idolatry and wickedness prevailed under Athaliah, acquired him the highest applause. He protected his wife, sister to the murdered princess: he succeeded in concealing the heir apparent at the hazard of his life, and he retained an influence with the elders of Judah which placed him on the throne while an infant, and overthrew Athaliah, the grand enemy of God and of Davids house. His temperance, founded on piety, prolonged his happy constitution far beyond the usual age of man. He had seen Solomon on his throne of ivory; and now having attended the funeral of seven kings, his hands, not yet feeble, placed the crown on the ninth monarch of Davids line. If among so many excellencies he had a defect, it was an excess of mildness, in not stirring up the levites to repair the breaches in the walls of the temple. Truly he long wore a mitre of glory, and a breastplate of righteousness: his sun set resplendent with every virtue. Having lived a hundred and thirty years, he died the admiration of his country, and the brightest ornament of the altar, which he left surrounded with sons who inherited the virtues of their sire: 2Ch 26:7.<\/p>\n<p>The death of a great and good man is a calamity to the nation and to the church, and especially when no one is found to succeed him, whose rising excellence promises the attainment of equal worth: but when he is succeeded by a time-serving, or a wicked man, the loss is more than can be conceived. To Israel the loss was great; but to Joash it was irreparable. The princely rulers and families of Judah, in whose hearts former reformations had checked but not eradicated the roots of idolatry, availed themselves of Jehoiadas death to gain an ascendancy over the king, and to restore the liberty of worshipping idols according to every ones pleasure. And when a man claims the right of choosing his god, and consequently his creed, he is little short of making an idol of himself.<\/p>\n<p>Zechariah, a worthy son of Jehoiada, surnamed in after ages Berachias, or the blessed of the Lord, Mat 23:35, seeing this awful progress of apostasy and breach of covenant with God, like another Phinehas, interposed his life with holy zeal to stop the evil; but the profane and infidel princes, impatient of controul, stoned him between the porch and the altar. The guilt of apostasy, and of innocent blood, often meets with its reward earlier than is expected. They were deaf to the prophets, deaf to the priests; and Joash was most ungratefully deaf to all cries for the execution of the murderers; but heaven had ears, and arms of vengeance too. God sent the king of Damascus the ensuing spring, with but a small army, and they plundered Jerusalem, murdered the princes, and left Joash sorely afflicted with disease. Nor had he repose from his own servants, for they avenged the blood of Zechariah; and it would seem, from the plural number being used here, that he had slain others of Jehoiadas house. Thus blood has a voice which pierces heaven, and he who will not do justice shall receive justice at the hand of God. <\/p>\n<h4 align='right'><i><b>Fuente: Sutcliffe&#8217;s Commentary on the Old and New Testaments<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n<p>2Ch 24:1-14. Joash as king; his restoration of the Temple. There are some significant points of difference between this account and that of 2 K. According to the latter, the house of God having fallen into disrepair, Joash commands that certain dues and free-will offerings of the people are to be utilised by the priests for undertaking the repairs; the priests, however, while taking the money, do nothing for the repair of the Temple. As the result of a protest against this on the part of the king, the priests promise not to receive any more money from the people; but they refuse to repair the Temple. Thereupon Jehoiada, presumably at the command of the king, places a chest beside the altar into which the worshippers cast their gifts. When sufficient money has been received, the repair of the Temple is proceeded with. In the hands of the Chronicler this account becomes considerably modified. He could not understand the Temple being permitted to fall into disrepair, so he explains that the sons of Athaliah had broken up the house of God (2Ch 24:7). Again, to him the idea of the king deciding in regard to gifts for the Temple on his own initiative was unfitting, so he represents Joashs decision to have a chest placed by the altar for receiving these gifts as a compliance with the Mosaic command in Exo 30:12-16, which the people joyfully fall in with (2Ch 24:6; 2Ch 24:8-10). Once more, that the priests should appropriate to their own use the gifts of the people for the repair of the Temple is unthinkable to the Chronicler, so he leaves this part out. An addition by the Chronicler is that the money collected was sufficient not only for the repair of the Temple but also for acquiring holy vessels (2Ch 24:14).<\/p>\n<p>2Ch 24:15-22. The death of Jehoiada; Joash forsakes Yahweh-worship. There is no parallel to this in 2 K.; indeed Joashs apostasy is very improbable in view of 2Ki 12:7, where his zeal for Yahwehs house is an example to the priesthood. The Chroniclers version may, perhaps, be accounted for by his desire to give a reason for the disasters that befell Joash as recounted in the section that follows.<\/p>\n<p>2Ch 24:23-27. Joash defeated by the Syrians; his death. According to 2Ki 12:17 f. the worst effects of the Syrian invasion are avoided because Joash gives to the king of Syria the treasures of the house of Yahweh. The Chronicler makes no mention of this.<\/p>\n<p>2Ch 24:25 f. Cf. 2Ki 12:20 f. In saying that Joash was not buried in the sepulchres of the kings the Chronicler contradicts the statement in 2Ki 12:21.<\/p>\n<p>2Ch 24:27. the greatness of the burdens laid upon him: in reference to what he had to give the king of Syria; see 2Ki 12:18.the commentary of the book of the kings: see note on 2Ch 13:22.<\/p>\n<h4 align='right'><i><b>Fuente: Peake&#8217;s Commentary on the Bible<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n<p>JOASH BEGINS WELL <\/p>\n<p>(vv.1-14)<\/p>\n<p>Being only seven years old at his coronation, Joash reigned 40 years, thus was only 47 when his own servants killed him (v.25). In his younger years he did what was right in the sight of the Lord for he had the good influence of Jehoiada. He had much for which to thank God under the patronage of Jehoiada and Joshabeath who had preserved him from death and enabled him to become king. But he leaned too heavily upon the godly priest and did not learn to depend truly on the Lord. In fact, we are told that Jehoiada took two wives for Joash (v.3). Why did he not simply instruct Joash to be careful to choose the wife that God desired him to have? But how often is it true that people so depend on a godly leader that they never learn to stand on their own feet! Of course the leader is to blame if he encourages this.<\/p>\n<p>It is commendable, however, that Joash set his heart on repairing the house of the Lord (v.4). He gathered the priests and Levites, giving them orders to go out to the cities of Judah and gather money from the people to bear the expenses of the repairs, telling them to do this quickly (v.5). However, this was not done quickly. It may have been that they did not have a heart for demanding money from the people because people generally resist such demands. It is the principle of law-keeping, which always awakens resistance in people&#8217;s minds.<\/p>\n<p>Joash confronted Jehoiada with the fact that the priests and Levites had not done as they were told, for the need was evident. Athaliah and her sons had stolen the dedicated things of the temple to use them in the worship of Baal (v.7), and if restoration was to be done in the temple, it would be necessarily expensive.<\/p>\n<p>The king then employed different means of raising funds for this project. Instead of demanding from the people, he had a chest made and put outside at the gate of the house of the Lord. Then a public announcement was sent throughout Judah and Jerusalem that the chest was there to receive the contributions the people would bring (v.9).<\/p>\n<p>This method proved effective, for people came to give voluntarily without pressure being put on them. This is the principle of grace shown us in the New Testament, where believers are not required to give, but, being informed of definite needs. They are told, &#8220;Let each one give as he purposes in his heart, not grudgingly or of necessity, for God loves a cheerful giver&#8221; (2Co 9:7). A demand is not made, but encouragement is given. The leaders rejoiced in this, as did all the people, and they willingly brought their contributions, putting them into the chest (v.10).<\/p>\n<p>Checking the chest each day, the king&#8217;s officers found an abundance of money, then the king and Jehoiada gave the money to those in charge of the service of the house of the Lord, who hired masons, carpenters and iron and brass workers. When thus there was a mind to do the work, the restoration of the temple was soon accomplished (v.13).<\/p>\n<p>In this project it must have been the influence of Jehoiada that moved Joash, for of course Jehoiada was in charge of the service of the temple. When the repair work had been done, there remained further money with which articles of gold and silver for serving in the temple were added. The temple being given its true place, then burnt offerings were offered continually there all the days of Jehoiada (v.14).<\/p>\n<p>THE DEATH OF JEHOIADA <\/p>\n<p>(vv.15-16)<\/p>\n<p>Jehoiada lived to an age of 130 years, a faithful, devoted man. At his death he was buried among the kings because he had really acted as a good king (v.16), not assuming the place of king, but giving that place to the rightful heir to the throne, yet influencing him rightly all the days of his life. We should rightly expect that Joash would keenly feel the loss of one through whom had had been so greatly blessed, and in mourning his death, would be purposed to continue to follow his example.<\/p>\n<p>JOASH WILLINGLY MISLED <\/p>\n<p>(vv.17-22)<\/p>\n<p>Sadly, Joash had only formally accepted Jehoiada&#8217;s leadership. He did not follow the faith and example of Jehoiada. Instead of continuing to stand faithfully for God, he listened to the leaders of Judah, who came to bow down to him with the intention of influencing him to accept again the worship of idols (vv.17-18). How many since him have been more swayed by a desire to please men and therefore forget to please God!<\/p>\n<p>Judah&#8217;s idolatry of course incurred the anger of God, who sent prophets to them, seeking to draw them back to the Lord, testifying faithfully against their idol worship, but they refused to listen (v.19).<\/p>\n<p>Finally, the Spirit of the Lord laid hold of Zechariah, the son of Jehoiada, to give a strong prophetic message to Judah, &#8220;Thus says God: Why do you trespass the commandment of the Lord, so that you cannot prosper? Because you have forsaken the Lord, He also has forsaken you&#8221; (v.20). Since this was spoken by a priest of God who was Jehoiada&#8217;s son, we should expect Joash at least to pay serious attention, but instead Joash issued the command to stone Zechariah to death in the court of the house of the Lord! (v.21). Thus Joash was guilty of despising the blessing he had received through Jehoiada and coldly rejecting the God of Israel (v.22).<\/p>\n<p>The Lord Jesus referred to this solemn incident when speaking to the scribes and Pharisees, saying, &#8220;The blood of Zechariah, son of Berechiah, whom you murdered between the temple and the altar&#8221; (Mat 23:35). It may be that Berechiah was the grandfather of Zechariah, but we know of no record of Jehoiada&#8217;s father. Why did the Lord Jesus accuse the scribes and Pharisees of murdering Zechariah, when this had taken place years before? Because they were exhibiting the same, cruel, unbelieving attitude toward God by their opposition to Christ, an infinitely greater Messenger than Zechariah was. By their attitude they were identifying themselves with those who hated God.<\/p>\n<p>As Zechariah died, he said, &#8220;The Lord look upon it and repay!&#8221; (v.22). This was consistent with his being under law. How different were the words of the Lord Jesus at His death, &#8221; Father, forgive them, for they not know what they do&#8221; (Luk 23:34), and the words of Stephen when he was stoned to death, &#8220;Lord, do not charge them with this sin&#8221; (Act 7:60). But the prayer of Zechariah was answered by means of serious consequences coming on Joash and his kingdom.<\/p>\n<p>JOASH SUFFERING DEFEAT AND DEATH <\/p>\n<p>(vv.23-27)<\/p>\n<p>The Lord gave Joash at least a short time to reconsider the folly of his evil course, but there was no change in the unhappy king. In the spring of the year the army of Syria came against him, and even though the Syrian army was small in comparison to Israel&#8217;s very great army (vv.23-24), the Lord delivered the Israelites into the hand of the enemy, who destroyed many of the leaders of the people, as well as taking much spoil, then retiring, leaving Joash severely wounded. They did not kill him, for God had decided that the poor king would be killed by his own servants. They took. advantage of the fact that he was wounded and killed him in bed (v.25). Thus Joash had a little time to consider that God&#8217;s judgment was upon him because of his idolatry and his cruelty to the son of Jehoiada.<\/p>\n<p>Jehoiada, the protector of Joash, had been buried with the kings (v.16), but Joash, though king, was not buried with the kings. The people discerned that he was not worthy of such a burial as Jehoiada was, though the people had followed Joash in his idolatry. How sad was the end of the man who wanted to please the people rather than to please God! The people themselves knew enough to despise this attitude. Amaziah, son of Joash, was then given the throne over Judah.<\/p>\n<h4 align='right'><i><b>Fuente: Grant&#8217;s Commentary on the Bible<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline\">H. Joash ch. 24<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Joash&rsquo;s life, as the writer narrated it, proves again the principles that Chronicles stresses. God was faithful to His promise to provide rulers over His people from David&rsquo;s descendants. Each king&rsquo;s success depended on his submission to God&rsquo;s authority as expressed in the Law of Moses and the announcements of the prophets. The writer evaluated each king&rsquo;s success and measured it by his attitude toward prescribed worship that centered at the temple.<\/p>\n<p>&quot;His rule . . . serves as a characterization in miniature for the historical course of his entire nation.&quot;<span style=\"color:#808080\"> [Note: Payne, p. 513.] <\/span><\/p>\n<p>The use of boxes or baskets to receive the gifts of the people was common in the ancient Near East.<span style=\"color:#808080\"> [Note: Dillard, 2 Chronicles, p. 191.] <\/span> Coined money did not exist before the sixth century B.C., so the people evidently brought their contributions in the form of refined or unrefined metals.<\/p>\n<p>The priests were to instruct the kings in God&rsquo;s Law (cf. 2Ch 26:16-18). As long as Joash listened to this instruction, he succeeded. When he stopped listening, he began to fail. He began to lead the people away from God.<\/p>\n<p>Nevertheless God did not abandon His people because they had abandoned Him. He sent at least one prophet to warn them to return to Him or experience discipline (2Ch 24:20). The Hebrew text says literally, &quot;The Spirit clothed Himself with Zechariah&quot; (2Ch 24:20; cf. 1Ch 12:18). When the people refused to respond properly, judgment followed (2Ch 24:21-27). The way of repentance was still open to the people (cf. 2Ch 6:24-25; Jer 18:7-10).<\/p>\n<p>&quot;This prayer of imprecation, rather than of forgiveness [by Zechariah] (cf. Luk 23:34; Act 7:60), was justified by the official positions of both the killer and the killed. God&rsquo;s name was at stake, and vengeance did follow (2Ch 24:24-25).&quot;<span style=\"color:#808080\"> [Note: J. Barton Payne, &quot;Second Chronicles,&quot; in The Wycliffe Bible Commentary, p. 409.] <\/span><\/p>\n<p>The murder of Zechariah was especially heinous. He died in the very courtyard where &quot;Jehoiada and his sons&quot; (2Ch 23:11) had anointed his executioner, Joash, as king. An earlier instance of conspiracy followed by stoning involved Naboth in the days of Ahab (1Ki 21:8-14). Thus Joash suffers by comparison with Ahab. Ironically, Jehoiada sought to protect the sanctity of the temple from murder (2Ch 23:14-15), but his own son was murdered there. Many students of Scripture believe that the Zechariah to whom Jesus referred in Mat 23:35 was this man.<span style=\"color:#808080\"> [Note: E.g., Leon J. Wood, The Prophets of Israel, p. 237, n. 8).] <\/span> However, Jesus referred to Zechariah the son of Berechiah (cf. Zec 1:1). Furthermore, Zechariah the son of Berechiah (the prophet) died hundreds of years later than Zechariah the son of Jehoiada (the priest).<\/p>\n<p>In this chapter in particular, the people&rsquo;s response to the temple clearly reflects their response to God (2Ch 24:4-5; 2Ch 24:13; 2Ch 24:18; 2Ch 24:20; 2Ch 24:24). This is always the case in Chronicles.<\/p>\n<p>The writer of Kings presented four kings of Judah as reformers: Asa, Jehoshaphat, Hezekiah, and Josiah. The writer of Chronicles recorded an additional revival that took place in Judah under Joash.<\/p>\n<h4 align='right'><i><b>Fuente: Expository Notes of Dr. Constable (Old and New Testaments)<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n<p>JOASH AND AMAZIAH<\/p>\n<p>2Ch 24:1-27; 2Ch 25:1-28<\/p>\n<p>FOR Chronicles, as for the book of Kings, the main interest of the reign of Joash is the repairing of the Temple; but the later narrative introduces modifications which give a somewhat different complexion to the story. Both authorities tell us that Joash did that. which was right in the eyes of Jehovah all the days of Jehoiada, but the book of Kings immediately adds that &#8220;the high places were not taken away: the people still sacrificed and burnt incense in the high places.&#8221; Seeing that Jehoiada exercised the royal authority during the minority of Joash, this toleration of the high places must have had the sanction of the high-priest. Now the chronicler and his contemporaries had been educated in the belief that the Pentateuch was the ecclesiastical code of the monarchy; they found it impossible to credit a statement that the high-priest had sanctioned any other sanctuary besides the temple of Zion; accordingly they omitted the verse in question.<\/p>\n<p>In the earlier narrative of the repairing of the Temple the priests are ordered by Joash to use certain sacred dues and offerings to repair the breaches of the house; but after some time had elapsed it was found that the breaches had not been repaired, and when Joash remonstrated with the priests, they flatly, refused to have anything to do with the repairs or with receiving funds for the purpose. Their objections were, however, overruled; and Jehoiada placed beside the altar a chest with a hole in the lid, into which &#8220;the priests put all the money that was brought into the house of Jehovah.&#8221; {2Ki 12:9} When it was sufficiently full, the kings scribe and the high-priest counted the money, and put it up in bags.<\/p>\n<p>There were several points in this earlier narrative which would have furnished very inconvenient precedents, and were so much out of keeping with the ideas and practices of the second Temple that, by the time the chronicler wrote, a new and more intelligible version of the story was current among the ministers of the Temple. To begin with, there was an omission which would have grated very unpleasantly on the feelings of the chronicler. In this long narrative, wholly taken up with the affairs of the Temple, nothing is said about the Levites. The collecting and receiving of money might well be supposed to belong to them; and accordingly in Chronicles the Levites are first associated with the priests in this matter, and then the priests drop out of the narrative, and the Levites alone carry out the financial arrangements.<\/p>\n<p>Again, it might be understood from the book of Kings that sacred dues and offerings, which formed the revenue of the priests and Levites, were diverted by the kings orders to the repair of the fabric. The chronicler was naturally anxious that there should be no mistake on this point; the ambiguous phrases are omitted, and it is plainly indicated that funds were raised for the repairs by means of a special tax ordained by Moses. Joash &#8220;assembled the priests and the Levites, and said to them, Go out into the cities of Judah, and gather of all Israel money to repair the house of your God from year to year, and see that ye hasten the matter. Howbeit the Levites hastened it not.&#8221; The remissness of the priests in the original narrative is here very faithfully and candidly transferred to the Levites. Then, as in the book of Kings, Joash remonstrates with Jehoiada, but the terms of his remonstrance are altogether different: here he complains because the Levites have not been required &#8220;to bring in out of Judah and out of Jerusalem the tax appointed by Moses the servant of Jehovah and by the congregation of Israel for the tent of the testimony,&#8221; i.e., the Tabernacle, containing the Ark and the tables of the Law. The reference apparently is to the law, {Exo 30:11-16} that when a census was taken a poll-tax of a half-shekel a head should be paid for the service of the Tabernacle. As one of the main uses of a census was to facilitate the raising of taxes, this law might not unfairly be interpreted to mean that when occasion arose, or perhaps even every year, a census should be taken in order that this poll-tax might be levied. Nehemiah arranged for a yearly poll-tax of a third of a shekel for the incidental expenses of the Temple. {Neh 10:32} Here, however, the half-shekel prescribed in Exodus is intended; and it should be observed that this poll-tax was to be levied, not once only, but &#8220;from year to year.&#8221; The chronicler then inserts a note to explain why these repairs were necessary: &#8220;The sons of Athaliah, that wicked woman, had broken up the house of God: and also all the dedicated things of the house of Jehovah they bestowed upon the Baals.&#8221; Here we are confronted with a further difficulty. All Jehorams sons except Ahaziah were murdered by the Arabs in their fathers life-time. Who are these &#8220;sons of Athaliah&#8221; who broke up the Temple? Jehoram was about thirty-seven when his sons were massacred, so that some of them may have been old enough to break up the Temple. One would think that &#8220;the dedicated things&#8221; might have been recovered for Jehovah when Athaliah was overthrown; but possibly, when the people retaliated by breaking into the house of Baal, there were Achans among them, who appropriated the plunder.<\/p>\n<p>Having remonstrated with Jehoiada, the king took matters into his own hands; and he, not Jehoiada, had a chest made and placed, not beside the altar-such an arrangement savored of profanity-but without at the gate of the Temple. This little touch is very suggestive. The noise and bustle of paying over money, receiving it, and putting it into the chest, would have mingled distractingly with the solemn ritual of sacrifice. In modern times the tinkle of three penny pieces often tends to mar the effect of an impressive appeal and to disturb the quiet influences of a communion service. The Scotch arrangement, by which a plate covered with a fair white cloth is placed in the porch of a church and guarded by two modern Levites or elders, is much more in accordance with Chronicles.<\/p>\n<p>Then, instead of sending out Levites to collect the tax, proclamation was made that the people themselves should bring their offerings. Obedience apparently was made a matter of conscience, not of solicitation. Perhaps it was because the Levites felt that sacred dues should be given freely that they were not forward to make yearly tax-collecting expeditions. At any rate, the new method was signally successful. Day after day the princes and people gladly brought their offerings, and money was gathered in abundance. Other passages suggest that the chronicler was not always inclined to trust to the spontaneous generosity of the people for the support of the priests and Levites; but he plainly recognized that free-will offerings are more excellent than the donations which are painfully extracted by the yearly visits of official collectors. He would probably have sympathized with the abolition of pew-rents.<\/p>\n<p>As in the book of Kings, the chest was emptied at suitable intervals; but instead of the high-priest being associated with the kings scribe, as if they were on a level and both of them officials of the royal court, the chief-priests officer assists the kings scribe, so that the chief-priest is placed on a level with the king himself.<\/p>\n<p>The details of the repairs in the two narratives differ considerably in form, but for the most part agree in substance; the only striking point is that they are apparently at variance as to whether vessels of silver or gold were or were not made for the renovated Temple.<\/p>\n<p>Then follows the account of the ingratitude and apostasy of Joash and his people. As long as Jehoiada lived, the services of the Temple were regularly performed, and Judah remained faithful to its God; but at last he died, full of days: a hundred and thirty years old. In his life-time he had exercised royal authority, and when he died he was buried like a king: &#8220;They buried him in the city of David among the kings, because he had done good in Israel and toward God and His house.&#8221; Like Nero when he shook off the control of Seneca and Burrhus, Joash changed his policy as soon as Jehoiada was dead. Apparently he was a weak character, always following some ones leading. His freedom from the influence that had made his early reign decent and honorable was not, as in Neros case, his own act. The change of policy was adopted at the suggestion of the princes of Judah. King, princes, and people fell back into the old wickedness; they forsook the Temple and served idols. Yet Jehovah did not readily give them up to their own folly, nor hastily inflict punishment; He sent, not one prophet, but many, to bring them back to Himself, but they would not hearken. At last Jehovah made one last effort to win Joash back; this time He chose for His messenger a priest who had special personal claims on the favorable attention of the king. The prophet was Zechariah the son of Jehoiada, to whom Joash owed his life and his throne. The name was a favorite one in Israel, and was borne by two other prophets besides the son of Jehoiada. Its very etymology constituted an appeal to the conscience of Joash: it is compounded of the sacred name and a root meaning &#8220;to remember.&#8221; The Jews were adepts at extracting from such a combination all its possible applications. The most obvious was that Jehovah would remember the sin of Judah, but the recent prophets sent to recall the sinners to their God showed that Jehovah also remembered their former righteousness and desired to recall it to them and them to it; they should remember Jehovah. Moreover, Joash should remember the teaching of Jehoiada and his obligations to the father of the man now addressing him. Probably Joash did remember all this when, in the striking Hebrew idiom, &#8220;the spirit of God clothed itself with Zechariah the son of Jehoiada the priest, and he stood above the people and said unto them, Thus saith God: Why transgress ye the commandments of Jehovah, to your hurt? Because ye have forsaken Jehovah, He hath also forsaken you.&#8221; This is the burden of the prophetic utterances in Chronicles; {1Ch 28:9 2Ch 7:19; 2Ch 12:5; 2Ch 13:10; 2Ch 15:2; 2Ch 21:10; 2Ch 28:6; 2Ch 29:6; 2Ch 34:25} the converse is stated by Irenaeus when he says that to follow the Savior is to partake of salvation. Though the truth of this teaching had been enforced again and again by the misfortunes that had befallen Judah under apostate kings, Joash paid no heed to it, nor did he remember the kindness which Jehoiada had done him; that is to say, he showed no gratitude towards the house of Jehoiada. Perhaps an uncomfortable sense of obligation to the father only embittered him the more against his son. But the son of the high-priest could not be dealt with as summarily as Asa dealt with Hanani when he put him in prison. The king might have been indifferent to the wrath of Jehovah, but the son of the man who had for years ruled Judah and Jerusalem must have had a strong party at his back. Accordingly the king and his adherents conspired against Zechariah, and they stoned him with stones by the kings command. This Old Testament martyr died in a very different spirit from that of Stephen; his prayer was not, &#8220;Lord, lay not this sin to their charge,&#8221; but &#8221; Jehovah, look upon it and require it.&#8221; His prayer did not long remain unanswered. Within a year the Syrians came against Joash; he had a very great host, but he was powerless against a small company of the Divinely commissioned avengers of Zechariah. The tempters who had seduced the king into apostasy were a special mark for the wrath of Jehovah: the Syrians destroyed all the princes, and sent their spoil to the king of Damascus. Like Asa and Jehoram, Joash suffered personal punishment in the shape of &#8220;great diseases,&#8221; but his end was even more tragic than theirs. One conspiracy avenged another: in his own household there were adherents of the family of Jehoiada: &#8220;Two of his own servants conspired against him for the blood of Zechariah, and slew him on his bed; and they buried him in the city of David, and not in the sepulchers of the kings.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>The chroniclers biography of Joash might have been specially designed to remind his readers that the most careful education must sometimes fail of its purpose. Joash had been trained from his earliest years in the Temple itself, under the care of Jehoiada and of his aunt Jehosha-beath, the high-priests wife. He had no doubt been carefully instructed in the religion and sacred history of Israel, and had been continually surrounded by the best religious influences of his age. For Judah, in the chroniclers estimation, was even then the one home of the true faith. These holy influences had been continued after Joash had attained to manhood, and Jehoiada was careful to provide that the young kings harem should be enlisted in the cause of piety and good government. We may be sure that the two wives whom Jehoiada selected for his pupil were consistent worshippers of Jehovah and loyal to the Law and the Temple. No daughter of the house of Ahab, no &#8220;strange wife&#8221; from Egypt, Ammon, or Moab, would be allowed the opportunity of undoing the good effects of early training. Moreover, we might have expected the character developed by education to be strengthened by exercise. The early years of his reign were occupied by zealous activity in the service of the Temple. The pupil outstripped his master, and the enthusiasm of the youthful king found occasion to rebuke the tardy zeal of the venerable high-priest.<\/p>\n<p>And yet all this fair promise was blighted in a day. The piety carefully fostered for half a life-time gave way before the first assaults of temptation, and never even attempted to reassert itself. Possibly the brief and fragmentary records from which the chronicler had to make his selection unduly emphasize the contrast between the earlier and later years of the reign of Joash; but the picture he draws of the failure of the best of tutors and governors is unfortunately only too typical. Julian the Apostate was educated by a distinguished Christian prelate, Eusebius of Nicomedia, and was trained in a strict routine of religious observances; yet he repudiated Christianity at the earliest safe opportunity. His apostasy, like that of Joash, was probably characterized by base ingratitude. At Constantines death the troops in Constantinople massacred nearly all the princes of the imperial family, and Julian, then only six years old, is said to have been saved and concealed in a church by Mark, Bishop of Arethusa. When Julian became emperor, he repaid this obligation by subjecting his benefactor to cruel tortures because he had destroyed a heathen temple and refused to make any compensation. Imagine Joash requiring Jehoiada to make compensation for pulling down, a high place!<\/p>\n<p>The parallel of Julian may suggest a partial explanation of the fall of Joash. The tutelage of Jehoiada may have been too strict, monotonous, and prolonged: in choosing wives for the young king, the aged priest may not have made an altogether happy selection; Jehoiada may have kept Joash under control until he was incapable of independence and could only pass from one dominant influence to another. When the high-priests death gave the king an opportunity of changing his masters, a reaction from the too urgent insistence upon his duty to the Temple may have inclined Joash to listen favorably to the solicitations of the princes.<\/p>\n<p>But perhaps the sins of Joash are sufficiently accounted for by his ancestry. His mother was Zibiah of Beersheba, and therefore probably a Jewess. Of her we know nothing further, good or bad. Otherwise his ancestors for two generations had been uniformly bad. His father and grandfather were the wicked kings Jehoram and Ahaziah; his grandmother was Athaliah; and he was descended from Ahab, and possibly from Jezebel. When we recollect that his mother Zibiah was a wife of Ahaziah and had probably been selected by Athaliah, we cannot suppose that the element she contributed to his character would do much to counteract the evil he inherited from his father.<\/p>\n<p>The chroniclers account of his successor Amaziah is equally disappointing; he also began well and ended miserably. In the opening formulae of the history of the new reign and in the account of the punishment of the assassins of Joash, the chronicler closely follows the earlier narrative, omitting, as usual, the statement that this good king did not take away the high places. Like his pious predecessors, Amaziah in his earlier and better years was rewarded with a great army and military success; and yet the muster-roll of his forces shows how the sins and calamities of the recent wicked reigns had told on the resources of Judah. Jehoshaphat could command more than eleven hundred and sixty thousand soldiers; Amaziah has only three hundred thousand.<\/p>\n<p>These were not sufficient for the kings ambition; by the Divine grace, he had already amassed wealth, in spite of the Syrian ravages at the close of the preceding reign: and he laid out a hundred talents of silver in purchasing the services of as many thousand Israelites, thus falling into the sin for which Jehoshaphat had twice been reproved and punished. Jehovah, however, arrested Amaziahs employment of unholy allies at the outset. A man of God came to him and exhorted him not to let the army of Israel go with him, because &#8220;Jehovah is not with Israel&#8221;; if he had courage and faith to go with only his three hundred thousand Jews, all would be well, otherwise God would cast him down, as He had done Ahaziah. The statement that Jehovah was not with Israel might have been understood in a sense that would seem almost blasphemous to the chroniclers contemporaries; he is careful therefore to explain that here &#8220;Israel&#8221; simply means &#8220;the children of Ephraim.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Amaziah obeyed the prophet, but was naturally distressed at the thought that he had spent a hundred talents for nothing: &#8220;What shall we do for the hundred talents which I have given to the army of Israel?&#8221; He did not realize that the Divine alliance would be worth more to him than many hundred talents of silver; or perhaps he reflected that Divine grace is free, and that he might have saved his money. One would like to believe that he was anxious to recover this silver in order to devote it to the service of the sanctuary; but he was evidently one of those sordid souls who like, as the phrase goes, &#8220;to get their religion for nothing.&#8221; No wonder Amaziah went astray! We can scarcely be wrong in detecting a vein of contempt in the prophets answer: &#8220;Jehovah can give thee much more than this.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>This little episode carries with it a great principle. Every crusade against an established abuse is met with the cry, &#8220;What shall we do for the hundred talents?&#8221;-for the capital invested in slaves or in gin-shops; for English revenues from alcohol or Indian revenues from opium? Few have faith to believe that the Lord can provide for financial deficits, or, if we may venture to indicate the method in which the Lord provides, that a nation will ever be able to pay its way by honest finance. Let us note, however, that Amaziah was asked to sacrifice his own talents, and not other peoples.<\/p>\n<p>Accordingly Amaziah sent the mercenaries home; and they returned in great dudgeon, offended by the slight put upon them and disappointed at the loss of prospective plunder. The kings sin in hiring Israelite mercenaries was to suffer a severer punishment than the loss of money. While he was away at war, his rejected allies returned, and attacked the border cities, killed three thousand Jews, and took much plunder.<\/p>\n<p>Meanwhile Amaziah and his army were reaping direct fruits of their obedience in Edom, where they gained a great victory, and followed it up by a massacre of ten thousand captives, whom they killed by throwing down from the top of a precipice. Yet, after all, Amaziahs victory over Edom was of small profit to him, for he was thereby seduced into idolatry. Amongst his other prisoners, he had brought away the gods of Edom; and instead of throwing them over a precipice, as a pious king should have done, &#8220;he set them up to be his gods, and bowed down himself before them, and burned incense unto them.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Then Jehovah, in His anger, sent a prophet to demand, &#8220;Why hast thou sought after, foreign gods, which have not delivered their own people out of thine hand?&#8221; According to current ideas outside of Israel, a nation might very reasonably seek after the gods of their conquerors. Such conquest could only be attributed to the superior power and grace of the gods of the victors: the gods of the defeated were vanquished along with their worshippers, and were obviously incompetent and unworthy of further confidence. But to act like Amaziah-to go out to battle in the name of Jehovah, directed and encouraged by His prophet, to conquer by the grace of the God of Israel, and then to desert Jehovah of hosts, the Giver of victory, for the paltry and discredited idols of the conquered Edomites-this was sheer madness. And yet as Greece enslaved her Roman conquerors, so the victor has often been won to the faith of the vanquished. The Church subdued the barbarians who had overwhelmed the empire, and the heathen Saxons adopted at last the religion of the conquered Britons. Henry IV of France is scarcely a parallel to Amaziah: he went to Mass that he might hold his scepter with a firmer grasp, while the king of Judah merely adopted foreign idols in order to gratify his superstition and love of novelty.<\/p>\n<p>Apparently Amaziah was at first inclined to discuss the question: he and the prophet talked together; but the king soon became irritated, and broke off the interview with abrupt discourtesy: &#8220;Have we made thee of the kings counsel? Forbear; why shouldest thou be smitten?&#8221; Prosperity seems to have been invariably fatal to the Jewish kings who began to reign well; the success that rewarded, at the same time destroyed, their virtue. Before his victory Amaziah had been courteous and submissive to the messenger of Jehovah; now he defied Him and treated His prophet roughly. The latter disappeared, but not before he had declared the Divine condemnation of the stubborn king.<\/p>\n<p>The rest of the history of Amaziah-his presumptuous war with Joash, king of Israel, his defeat and degradation, and his assassination-is taken verbatim from the book of Kings, with a few modifications and editorial notes by the chronicler to harmonies these sections with the rest of his narrative. For instance, in the book of Kings the account of the war with Joash begins somewhat abruptly: Amaziah sends his defiance before any reason has been given for his action. The chronicler inserts a phrase which connects his new paragraph very suggestively with the one that goes before. The former concluded with the kings taunt that the prophet was not of his counsel, to which the prophet replied that the king should be destroyed because he had not hearkened to the Divine counsel proffered to him. Then Amaziah &#8220;took advice&#8221;; i.e., he consulted those who were of his counsel, and the sequel showed their incompetence. The chronicler also explains that Amaziahs rash persistence in his challenge to Joash &#8220;was of God, that He might deliver them into the hand of their enemies, because they had sought after the gods of Edom.&#8221; He also tells us that the name of the custodian of the sacred vessels of the Temple was Obed-edom. As the chronicler mentions five Levites of the name of Obed-edom, four of whom occur nowhere else, the name was probably common in some family still surviving in his own time. But, in view of the fondness of the Jews for significant etymology, it is probable that the name is recorded here because it was exceedingly appropriate. &#8220;The servant of Edom&#8221; suits the official who has to surrender his sacred charge to a conqueror because his own king has worshipped the gods of Edom. Lastly, an additional note explains that Amaziahs apostasy had promptly deprived him of the confidence and loyalty of his subjects; the conspiracy which led to his assassination was formed from the time that he turned away from following Jehovah, so that when he sent his proud challenge to Joash his authority was already undermined, and there were traitors in the army which he led against Israel. We are shown one of the means used by Jehovah to bring about his defeat.<\/p>\n<h4 align='right'><i><b>Fuente: Expositors Bible Commentary<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Joash [was] seven years old when he began to reign, and he reigned forty years in Jerusalem. His mother&#8217;s name also [was] Zibiah of Beer-sheba. Ch. 2Ch 24:1-3 (= 2Ki 11:21 to 2Ki 12:3). Joash begins to Reign 3. And Jehoiada, etc.] This ver. is not in Kings. It was the duty of a Jewish &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/bible-commentary\/exegetical-and-hermeneutical-commentary-of-2-chronicles-241\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Exegetical and Hermeneutical Commentary of 2 Chronicles 24:1&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11690","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-commentary"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/bible-commentary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11690","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/bible-commentary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/bible-commentary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/bible-commentary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/bible-commentary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11690"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/bible-commentary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11690\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/bible-commentary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11690"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/bible-commentary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11690"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/bible-commentary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11690"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}