16<\/strong>. For Syria (Aram) the Syr. reads Edom, and so in effect LXX. (interchange of d<\/em> and r<\/em> as Eze 27:15<\/em><\/span>). If Edom be read the line pursued would be from S. to N., Edom, Eze 27:16<\/em><\/span>, Judah, Eze 27:17<\/em><\/span>, Damascus, Eze 27:18<\/em><\/span>. The verse is otherwise peculiar in beginning with a precious stone, then passing on to stuffs and ending with precious stones.<\/p>\n wares of thy making<\/em> ] Rather; by reason of the multitude of thy works<\/strong>, i.e. not those wrought by Tyre, but those which the nations wrought and brought to her, all of which are considered hers.<\/p>\n occupied in thy fairs<\/em> ] Rather: emeralds they brought as thy wares.<\/strong> The “emerald” according to others is the carbuncle. “Coral” may be “pearls.” The two things may have been confused; both were fished in the Persian Gulf. The “agate” may be the ruby. The precious stones might seem in favour of Edom, but the fine linen is more naturally the Syrian byssus. LXX. omits all the textile fabrics with the exception of broidered work; and the text must be held uncertain.<\/p>\n Verse 16<\/span>. Syria<\/B><\/I>] These were always a mercantile people. For the precious stones mentioned here See Clarke on Ex 28:17<\/span>.<\/P> <\/p>\n The multitude of the wares of thy making; the abundance of the Tyrian manufacture for all uses, which the Syrians could have no where else. <\/P> With emeralds; rather, for emeralds, a rich and lovely stone; or carbuncles, as others have it. <\/P> Purple, or violet-coloured, clothes. Broidered work: see Eze 27:7<\/span>. <\/P> Fine linen: see Eze 27:7<\/span>. <\/P> Coral; men guess this may be rubies, carbuncles, or chalcedonies; or crystal, with which they made looking-glasses. <\/P> Agate; a stone well known to us, but not so well known whether it exactly translate the Hebrew <\/span> here used; some say it is the chrysoprase, a stone mixed with gold colour and green, and some such mixture may be seen in some agates. <\/P> <\/p>\n 16.<\/B> “Syria was thy mart forthe multitude,” c. For “Syria” the Septuagint<\/I>reads “Edom.” But the Syrians were famed as merchants. <\/P> occupied<\/B>old<\/I>English for “traded” so in Lu19:13<\/span>. <\/P> agate<\/B>Others translate,”ruby,” “chalcedony,” or “pearls.”<\/P><\/p>\n Syria was thy merchant by reason of the multitude of the wares of thy making<\/strong>,…. Which they took off of their hands, and for them brought the following things:<\/p>\n they occupied in thy fairs with emeralds<\/strong>; precious stones of a green colour: Jarchi renders it “carbuncles”, other precious stones of a different colour; and so the word is translated by Pagninus, Montanus, Grotius, the French, and Diodate; sometimes called “carchedonies”, and which the Apostle John calls the “chalcedony”, Re 21:19<\/span>, the same with rubies; and so the word here used is rendered by Luther; and, by Abarbinel, precious stones of great value; see Pr 3:15<\/span>, from whence the Syrians had these to trade with at Tyre cannot be easily said; the modern rubies, which are thought to be the true and genuine carbuncles of the ancients, seldom exceed the weight of twenty carats; yet some say the Emperor Rudolphus the second had a ruby as big as a little hen’s egg, bought at sixty thousand ducats, and supposed to be worth more; and that Regulus Decan had one of thirty four carats, bought at six minas of gold, that is, a hundred and ninety two pounds of gold; and that the great Mogul had one, which cost a million four hundred and twenty five thousand florins; and that there are some which exceed the weight of fifty carats f; but there were few, if any of these, that came to the market of Tyre; however, no doubt, some valuable ones were here sold.<\/p>\n Purple, and broidered work, and fine linen<\/strong>; cloth of purple colour, raiment of needlework curiously embroidered, and linen of the best sort. So the Targum,<\/p>\n “purple clothes, and wrought with a needle, and linen of different colours;”<\/p>\n and of such they made their sails, tilts, and tents; see Eze 27:7<\/span>.<\/p>\n And coral, and agate<\/strong>; the first is a sea plant.<\/p>\n “This opinion is now so well established, that all other sentiments seem almost precluded. P. Kircher supposes entire forests of it at the bottom of the sea; and M. Tournefort, that able botanist, maintains, that it evidently multiplies by seed, though neither its flower nor seed be known. However, the count de Marsigli has discovered some parts therein, which seem to serve the purpose of seeds and flower, it vegetates the contrary way to all other plants; its foot adhering to the top of the grotto, and its branches shooting downwards, there are properly but three kinds of coral, red, white, and black; the white is the rarest and most esteemed; but it is the red that is ordinarily used in medicine; the places for fishing it are the Persian gulf, Red sea, coasts of Africa towards the bastion of France, the isles of Majorca and Corsica, and the coasts of Provence and Catalonia g.”<\/p>\n Perhaps the Syrians might have theirs from the Red sea, or the Mediterranean. The other, the “agate”, is a precious stone, the same with the “achates”, first found in Sicily, as Isidore says h, by a river of the same name; is of a black colour, according to him, having in the middle black and white circles joined and variegated; but they are of different colours, and of different degrees of transparency. The word is variously rendered; by some the ruby; by others the carbuncle; by others the chalcedony; and by others crystal; it is hard to say what is meant. Now the Phoenicians or Tyrians were so deeply engaged in trade with the Syrians, that it became a common proverb, the Phonicians against the Syrians i; when like are set against like, as the Egyptians against the Egyptians, Isa 19:2<\/span>.<\/p>\n f Vid. Braunium de Vestitu Sacerdot. Hebr. 1. 2. c. 11. p. 669. g Chambers’s Cyclopaedia in the word “Coral”. h Origin, l. 16. c. 11. i Vid. Reinesium de Lingua Punic. c. 2. sect. 12.<\/p>\n (16) Emeralds.<\/strong>The precious stone intended here, and in Exo. 28:18<\/span>, is now generally understood to be the carbuncle. The word for fine linen is not that of Eze. 27:7<\/span>, but a Phnician word, occurring only in the books written in the time of the captivity. It is thought to mean cotton,<\/em> for the woven fabrics of which Babylon was famous. Agate (marg., chrysoprase<\/em>) is probably the ruby, or certainly some stone of brilliancy (Isa. 54:12<\/span>)<\/p>\n 16<\/strong>. <\/strong> Syria <\/strong> Hebrews, Aram. <\/em> Many expositors follow the Peshito, “Edom;” but there is no good reason for leaving the Hebrew.<\/p>\n Aram-Naharim <\/em> was the ancient name for a very wide region, embracing at least western Mesopotamia and northern Syria, and is constantly mentioned in the Assyrian texts. The Aramaeans are now known to have been the controlling element in Syria and Arabia as well as Mesopotamia, though the Assyrians did not call the populations west of the Euphrates Aramaeans, but Hittites or Amorites. Certainly the products named were widely scattered. Emeralds <\/strong> (or, carbuncles<\/em>), coral <\/strong> (perhaps, pearls<\/em>), and agate <\/strong> (or, ruby<\/em>), would naturally be Edomite (compare Job 28:16<\/span>; Job 28:19<\/span>); the purple, and broidered work <\/strong> might be the wrought garments for which Babylon was famous (Eze 23:6<\/span>; Jos 7:21<\/span>), while the fine linen might be the Syrian byssus. The Syrians probably learned how to make this fine gauze from the Greeks. The Greeks called it (Est 1:6<\/span>), and probably from its manufacture one town in Cyprus was called Karpaseia. (Compare Hastings’s Dictionary of the Bible, <\/em> vol. 1 . )<\/p>\n “Syria (Aram) was your merchant by reason of your plentiful handyworks,<\/p>\n They traded for your wares with emeralds, purple and embroidered work, and fine linen and coral and rubies.<\/p>\n Judah and the land of Israel, they were traders with you,<\/p>\n They traded for your merchandise, wheat of minnith, and pannag, and honey, and oil, and balm.<\/p>\n Damascus was your merchant by reason of your plentiful handyworks,<\/p>\n By reason of the plentifulness of all kinds of riches, with the wine of Helbon and white wool.”<\/p>\n Having covered places to the west and north we now come to those east of Tyre. The mention of Damascus separately from Syria accentuates the deliberate absence of Jerusalem, which is no more. It would normally be mentioned spearately. Possibly Damascus was to be seen as partly taking Jerusalem’s place tradewise. Note how its own riches are emphasised. It was rich at the expense of Jerusalem.<\/p>\n ‘Wheat of minnith, and pannag.’ We do not know what these specifically were but pannag may have been a kind of confection. Minnith was a place in Ammon (Jdg 11:33<\/span>) and possibly Judah\/Israel handled their wheat trade.<\/p>\n ‘Helbon’ (fat, fruitful). Clearly famous for its wines. Probably Khalbun, twenty five kilometres north of Damascus.<\/p>\n Eze 27:16<\/span><\/em><\/strong>. <\/strong>Coral and agate<\/em><\/strong><\/strong> Silk, and rubies, <\/em>or crystal.<\/em> <\/p>\n Eze 27:16 Syria [was] thy merchant by reason of the multitude of the wares of thy making: they occupied in thy fairs with emeralds, purple, and broidered work, and fine linen, and coral, and agate.<\/p>\n Ver. 16. The wares of thy making.<\/strong> ] Heb., Works. The Tyrians were ingenious workmen, as Hiram, whom Solomon therefore so admired that he called him his father. <\/p>\n <\/p>\n And agate.<\/strong> ] Or, Chrysoprasus, or crystal, or carbuncle, or onyx. Jerome confesseth that he knoweth not what to call it.<\/p>\n occupied = traded. Compare “occupy” in Luk 19:13. <\/p>\n Eze 27:16-20<\/p>\n Eze 27:16-20<\/p>\n “Syria was thy merchant by reason of the multitude of thy handiworks: they traded for thy wares with emeralds, purple, broidered work, fine linen, and coral, and rubies. Judah and the land of Israel, they were thy traffickers: they traded for thy merchandise wheat of Minnith, and pannag, and honey, and oil, and balm. Damascus was thy merchant for the multitude of thy handiworks, by reason of the multitude of all kinds of riches, with the wine of Helbon, and white wool. Vedan and Javan traded with yarn for thy wares: bright iron, cassia, and calamus were among thy merchandise. Dedan was thy trafficker in precious cloths for riding.”<\/p>\n All commentators speak of the difficulty of the text in these verses; and some of the renditions are based, at least, partially upon emendations and conjecture. The over-all truth of the immensity of Tyre’s commerce is clear enough.<\/p>\n “Syria … Damascus …” (Eze 27:16; Eze 27:18). Damascus, of course, was the capital of Syria; and Helbon, the district just north of Damascus was famous for the production of wine, “Which was one of the chief exports of Damascus.<\/p>\n Several of the place-names in Eze 27:19 are disputed; but Plumptre believed they were references probably to little-known Arabian cities.<\/p>\n “Bright iron, cassia, calamus …” (Eze 27:19). “The bright iron was `alloyed steel’ used in the making of swords; the `cassia, and calamus’ both belonged to the class of perfumes for which Arabia was famous (Exodus 24, 23). One remembers the lament of Lady Macbeth that, “All the perfumes of Arabia cannot sweeten this little hand!”<\/p>\n “Precious cloths for riding …” (Eze 27:19). This is a reference to saddle blankets, not blankets to go under saddles, but to be used as saddles. Jdg 5:10 has a reference to these: “Tell of it, ye that ride on white asses, ye that sit on rich carpets.” from The Song of Deborah.<\/p>\n “Dedan …” (Eze 27:20). “Unlike the `Dedan’ identified above as Rhodes, this one appears to have been located in NW Arabia. “It was a caravan city.<\/p>\n Syria: Gen 10:22, Aram, Gen 28:5, Jdg 10:6, 2Sa 8:5, 2Sa 10:6, 2Sa 15:8, Isa 7:2 <\/p>\n the wares of thy making: Heb. thy works <\/p>\n agate: or, chrysoprase. <\/p>\n Reciprocal: Exo 28:18 – emerald Job 28:18 – coral Pro 31:24 – General Eze 28:13 – every<\/p>\n Eze 27:16. This verse is along the same line as the others of the chapter. Syria brought the products of her country to the city of Tyrus and exchanged them for the manufactured wares of that great seaport.<\/p>\n Eze 27:16-20. Syria was thy merchant, &c. From what is said here, we may conclude that the inhabitants of Tyre were exceedingly industrious, skilful in arts, and politic; for here almost all nations are described as bringing their respective commodities to Tyre, to give in exchange for the wares or manufactures of that place; which shows to what a vast height they carried their manufactures, and what immense profits they must have gained, since, it seems, they were able to purchase all kinds of precious stones, and the richest commodities of the world, with their own manufactures. Judah and Israel were thy merchants Both the kingdom of the two tribes, and that of the ten. They traded in thy market wheat of Minnith Minnith was a place belonging to the Ammonites, Jdg 11:33, and was noted for excellent wheat, great quantities of which the Jews brought to Tyre, the Tyrians having none of their own growth, but being supplied therewith by the Jews and Israelites, from the growth of their own or the neighbouring countries: see 1Ki 5:9-11; Ezr 3:7; Act 12:20. And Pannag This is a word not elsewhere to be found, supposed by some to be the name of a place; by others, more probably, taken for some rich ointment, or gum. The Vulgate translates it balsam. In the wine of Helbon Helbon is supposed to be that part of Syria which is called Chalybonitis by Ptolemy; and white wool Bochart understands this to be wool of a bright purple colour. The LXX. and Chaldee render it, wool from Miletus, a place famous for that commodity. Dan also, &c. Grotius thinks that Dan in the kingdom of Israel can scarcely be meant here; and finds that a city called Dana is placed by Ptolemy in the island of Ceylon. Dedan, &c., in precious clothes for chariots Either these were rich coverings which were flung over the horses when harnessed to chariots, or else coverings for the seats of the chariots.<\/p>\n Syria was one of Tyre’s customers and provided her with emeralds, purple, embroidered goods, fine linen, coral, and rubies in exchange for its purchases. Judah also traded with Tyre and exchanged wheat from Minnith (in western Ammon), cakes or confections, honey, oil, and balm for her goods.<\/p>\n Syria [was] thy merchant by reason of the multitude of the wares of thy making: they occupied in thy fairs with emeralds, purple, and embroidered work, and fine linen, and coral, and agate. 16. For Syria (Aram) the Syr. reads Edom, and so in effect LXX. (interchange of d and r as Eze 27:15). If … Continue reading “Exegetical and Hermeneutical Commentary of Ezekiel 27:16”<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-21148","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-commentary"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/bible-commentary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21148","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/bible-commentary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/bible-commentary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/bible-commentary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/bible-commentary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21148"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/bible-commentary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21148\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/bible-commentary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21148"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/bible-commentary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=21148"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/bible-commentary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=21148"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}Fuente: The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
Fuente: Adam Clarke’s Commentary and Critical Notes on the Bible<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
Fuente: English Annotations on the Holy Bible by Matthew Poole<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
Fuente: Jamieson, Fausset and Brown’s Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible <\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
Fuente: John Gill’s Exposition of the Entire Bible<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
Fuente: Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers (Old and New Testaments)<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
Fuente: Whedon’s Commentary on the Old and New Testaments<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
Fuente: Commentary Series on the Bible by Peter Pett<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
Fuente: Commentary on the Holy Bible by Thomas Coke<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
Fuente: John Trapp’s Complete Commentary (Old and New Testaments)<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
Fuente: Companion Bible Notes, Appendices and Graphics<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
Fuente: Old and New Testaments Restoration Commentary<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
Fuente: The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
Fuente: Combined Bible Commentary<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
Fuente: Joseph Bensons Commentary on the Old and New Testaments<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
Fuente: Expository Notes of Dr. Constable (Old and New Testaments)<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"