24<\/strong>. the inner prison<\/em> ] Necessarily a place dark and without ventilation, and hence foul and loathsome; perhaps underground, like the Tullianum at Rome (Varr. L. L<\/em>. v. 161; Lev. 29:22).<\/p>\n their feet fast in the stocks<\/em> ] The stocks (lit. wood<\/em>) was a means of additional security and additional torture. The feet Passed through holes and held secure made rest almost impossible. The instrument was of early use (cp. Job 13:27<\/span>; Job 33:11<\/span>), and the Greeks, as well as ourselves, had also the pillory, and had it made with five apertures for head, hands and feet (Aristoph. Eq<\/em>. 1049).<\/p>\n Thrust them into the inner prison – <\/B>Into the most retired and secure part of the prison. The cells in the interior of the prison would be regarded as more safe, being doubtless more protected, and the difficulty of escape would be greater.<\/P> And made their feet fast in the stocks – <\/B>Greek: and made their feet secure to wood. The word stocks, with us, denotes a machine made of two pieces of timber between which the feet of criminals are placed, and in which they are thus made secure. The account here does not imply necessarily that they were secured precisely in this way, but that they were fastened or secured by the feet, probably by cords, to a piece or beam of wood, so that they could not escape. It is probable that the legs of the prisoners were bound to large pieces of wood which not only encumbered them, but which were so placed as to extend their feet to a considerable distance. In this condition it might be necessary for them to lie on their backs; and if this, as is probable, was on the cold ground, after their severe scourging, their sufferings must have been very great. Yet in the midst of this they sang praises to God.<\/P><\/p>\n Verse 24<\/span>. The inner prison<\/B><\/I>] Probably what we would call the dungeon<\/I>; the darkest and most secure cell.<\/P> <\/P> Made their feet fast in the stocks.<\/B><\/I>] The , which we here translate stocks<\/I>, is supposed to mean two large pieces of wood, pierced with holes like our stocks, and fitted to each other, that, when the legs were in, they could not be drawn out. The holes being pierced at different distances, the legs might be separated or divaricated to a great extent, which must produce extreme pain. It is this circumstance to which it is supposed Prudentius refers, in speaking of the torments of St. Vincent:- <\/P> Lignoque plantas inserit,<\/I><\/P> Divaricatis cruribus.<\/I><\/P> “They placed his feet in the stocks, his legs greatly distended!”<\/P> If the apostles were treated in this way, lying on the bare ground with their flayed backs, what agony must they have suffered! However, they could sing praises notwithstanding.<\/P> <\/p>\n Thus they dealt with Joseph, Gen 39:20<\/span>, compared with Psa 105:18<\/span>, and with Jeremiah, and with John Baptist. <\/P> Sanctorum sors est, et non moleste ferenda. <\/P> <\/p>\n 24. made their feet fast in thestocks<\/B>an instrument of torture as well as confinement, made ofwood bound with iron, with holes for the feet, which were stretchedmore or less apart according to the severity intended. (ORIGENat a later period, besides having his neck thrust into an ironcollar, lay extended for many days with his feet apart in the rack).Though jailers were proverbially unfeeling, the manner in which theorder was given in this case would seem to warrant all that was done.<\/P><\/p>\n Who having received such a charge<\/strong>,…. So strict an one from the magistrates, was doubly careful and diligent:<\/p>\n thrust them into the inner prison<\/strong>: the innermost part of it, the lowest or furthest part of the prison; so that there were the more doors, bolts, and bars, to break open, and pass through, should they attempt to make their escape:<\/p>\n and made their feet fast in the stocks<\/strong>; or “wood”, a wooden machine, in which the feet of prisoners were put for security, and which we call “the stocks”; some say it was such an one, in which the neck as well as the feet were put, and so might be the same with our “pillory”.<\/p>\n Into the inner prison <\/B> ( <\/SPAN><\/span>). The comparative form from the adverb <\/SPAN><\/span> (within), Ionic and old Attic for <\/SPAN><\/span>. In the LXX, but in the N.T. only here and Heb 6:19<\/span>. The Roman public prisons had a vestibule and outer prison and behind this the inner prison, a veritable dungeon with no light or air save what came through the door when open. One has only to picture modern cells in our jails, the dungeons in feudal castles, London prisons before the time of Howard, to appreciate the horrors of an inner prison cell in a Roman provincial town of the first century A.D.<\/P> Made their feet fast <\/B> ( <\/SPAN><\/span>). First aorist (effective) middle of <\/SPAN><\/span>, from <\/SPAN><\/span> (safe), common verb in late Greek, in the N.T. only here and Mt 24:64ff<\/span>. The inner prison was safe enough without this refinement of cruelty.<\/P> In the stocks <\/B> ( <\/SPAN><\/span>). <\/SPAN><\/span>, from <\/SPAN><\/span>, to scrape or plane, is used for a piece of wood whether a cross or gibbet (Acts 5:30<\/span>; Acts 10:39<\/span>; Acts 13:29<\/span>; Gal 3:13<\/span>; 1Pet 2:24<\/span>) or a log or timber with five holes (four for the wrists and ankles and one for the neck) or two for the feet as here, <\/SPAN><\/span>, Latin vervus<\/I>, to shackle the feet stretched apart (Job 33:11<\/span>). This torment was practiced in Sparta, Athens, Rome, and Adonirom Judson suffered it in Burmah. <\/SPAN><\/span> is also used in the N.T. for stick or staff (Mt 26:47<\/span>) and even a tree (Lu 23:31<\/span>). Tertullian said of Christians in the stocks: Nihil crus sentit in vervo, quum animus in caelo est<\/I> (Nothing the limb feels in the stocks when the mind is in heaven). <\/P> <\/p>\n The inner prison. Some have supposed this to be the lower prison, being misled by the remains of the Mamertine prison at Rome, on the declivity of the Capitoline, and near the Arch of Septimius Severus. This consists of two chambers, one above the other, excavated in the solid rock. In the center of the vault of the lower chamber is a circular opening, through which it is supposed that prisoners were let down into the dungeon. Modern excavations, however, have shown that these two chambers were connected with a series of large chambers, now separated by an alley from the prison of St. Peter. The opening into the passage leading to these was discovered in the lower dungeon. Under this passage ran a drain, which formed branch of the Cloaca Maxima, or main sewer. Six of these chambers have been brought to light, evidently apartments of a large prison in the time of the Roman kings. Mr. John Henry Parker, from whose elaborate work on the primitive fortifications of Rome these details are drawn, believes that the prison of St. Peter now shown to tourists formed the vestibule and guard – room of the great prison. It was customary to have a vestibule, or house for the warder, at a short distance from the main prison. Thus he distinguished the inner prison from this vestibule. With this agrees the description in the Rev. John Henry Newman’s “Callista :” ” The state prison was arranged on pretty much one and the same plan through the Roman empire, nay, we may say throughout the ancient world. It was commonly attached to the government buildings, and consisted of two parts. The first was the vestibule, or outward prison, approached from the praetorium, and surrounded by cells opening into it. The prisoners who were confined in these cells had the benefit of the air and light which the hall admitted. From the vestibule there was a passage into the interior prison, called Robur or Lignum, from the beams of wood which were the instruments of confinement, or from the character of its floor. It had no window or outlet except this door, which, when closed, absolutely shut out light and air. This apartment was the place into which Paul and Silas were cast at Philippi. The utter darkness, the heat, and the stench of this miserable place, in which the inmates were confined day and night, is often dwelt upon by the martyrs and their biographers. ” <\/P> Stocks [] <\/SPAN><\/span>. Lit., the timber. An instrument of torture having five holes, four for the wrists and ankles and one for the neck. The same word is used for the cross, ch. Act 5:30<\/span>; Act 10:39<\/span>; Gal 3:13<\/span>; 1Pe 2:24<\/span>.<\/P> <\/p>\n <\/strong><\/p>\n 1) “Who, having received such a charge,”<\/strong> (hos parangellian toi auten labon) “Who after having received such an accountable charge or mandate,” to keep them in secure custody from any possible escape, Act 16:23<\/span>.<\/p>\n 2) “Thrust them into the inner prison,”<\/strong> (ebalen autous eis ten esoteran phulaken) “Brusquely tossed them into the inner prison,” into solitary confinement, bruised, bleeding, faint, untreated medically. It was a remote cell, perhaps dark and cold, though not necessarily underground; the chains often rusted on the prisoners.<\/p>\n 3) “And made their feet fast in the stocks.”<\/strong> (kai tous podas espalisato auton eis to ksulon) “And secured their feet (fastened them securely) into the wooden stocks,” stocks made of wood, that were anchored securely, and fastened around their feet at, and just above the ankle bone. The “ksulon” might be either an iron or wooden bar that, after being secured around the ankle bones, could be pulled and locked far apart to spread their legs to torture the prisoners, with repeated torture, at the will of the prison keepers; Such are to be remembered in prayer, Heb 13:3<\/span>; Rom 12:15<\/span>.<\/p>\n SEVEREST PERSECUTIONS<\/strong><\/p>\n For three hundred years Christianity was a persecuted religion in the Roman empire, and during this period all who assumed the public confession of it did so at the hazard of their lives. But the severest persecutions of all are those which the Papal community has inflicted. Her character and history are written in blood, as the doings of her Inquisition in Italy, Spain, and Portugal, her wars of extermination against the Vaudois, her horrid massacres in France and the Netherlands, and the burning of Smithfield loudly declare.<\/p>\n -T. Jackson.<\/p>\n (24) Thrust them into the inner prison.<\/strong>Those who have seen anything of the prisons of the Roman empire, as, e.g., <\/em>the Mamertine dungeon at Rome itself, can picture to themselves the darkness and foulness of the den into which Paul and his friend were now thrust: the dark cavern-like cell, below the ground, the damp and reeking walls, the companionship of the vilest outcasts. And, as if this were not enough, they were fastened in the stocks. St. Luke uses the Greek term xylon, <\/em>the same as is used sometimes for the cross (Act. 5:30<\/span>; Act. 13:29<\/span>). The technical Latin word was nervus.<\/em> Like the English stocks, it was a wooden frame with five holes, into which head and feet and arms were thrust, and the prisoner left in an attitude of little-ease. Here, however, it would seem, the feet only were fastened, the rest of the body being left lying on the ground. If the Received version of Job. 13:27<\/span>; Job. 33:11<\/span>, which follows the LXX. and the Vulgate, be correct, the punishment was common at a very early period in the East. (Comp. Jer. 29:26<\/span>.)<\/p>\n 24<\/strong>. <\/strong> Feet fast in the stocks<\/strong> The stocks were a wooden frame, often iron-bound, into which the limbs were fastened so as to be immovable. The feet, hands, or neck might be so cramped as to fill the body with weariness and pain.<\/p>\n Act 16:24<\/span><\/em><\/strong>. <\/strong>Made their feet fast in the stocks<\/em><\/strong>,<\/strong> It is generally supposed that these were the cippi, <\/em>or large pieces of wood used among the Romans, which not only loaded the legs of prisoner’s, but sometimes distended them in a very painful manner. So that the situation of Paul and Silas must have been very affecting, especially if they lay with their bare backs, so lately scourged, on the ground, as it is very probable they did. This circumstance renders their songs of praise the more remarkable. Beza explains the original word of the numellae, <\/em>or pieces of wood containing five holes, in which the neck, hands, and feet were confined in the most uneasy posture that can well be imagined. <\/p>\n Act 16:24<\/span> . The zealous jailor fulfilled the command by a twofold measure; he not only put the accused into the prison-ward situated more (than the other wards) in the interior of the house ( ), but also secured their feet in the stocks.<\/p>\n , in nervum<\/em> (Plaut. Captiv.<\/em> iii. 5. 71; Liv. viii. 28), i.e.<\/em> in the wooden block in which the feet, stretched apart from each other, were enclosed, called also and , in Heb. (Job 13:27<\/span> ; Job 33:11<\/span> ). See Herod. vi. 75, ix. 37, and later writers, Grotius and Wetstein in loc.<\/p>\n 24 Who, having received such a charge, thrust them into the inner prison, and made their feet fast in the stocks. <\/p>\n<\/p>\n <\/strong><\/p>\n Ver. 24. Fast in the stocks<\/strong> ] The word signifieth such a pair of stocks, as wherein they used to make fast feet and neck too, saith Beza out of Nonius. Various of our martyrs were thus stocked in the bishop of London’s coalhouse; as Mr Philpot, and that martyr that rejoiced that she might have her foot in the hole of the stocks in which Master Philpot had been before her. <\/p>\n 24. <\/strong> <\/strong> ] Also called , , and , and in Latin, nervus<\/em> : so ‘noctu nervo vinctus custodibitur,’ Plaut. Cap. iii. 5. 71. Eusebius (Act 16:1<\/span> , vol. ii. p. 16, ed. Heinichen) mentions, speaking of the martyrs in Gaul, .<\/p>\n Act 16:24<\/span> . : comparative for superlative, as often in N.T. (Blass). Not necessarily underground, but a part of the prison which would have been further from such light and air as could be had. , Hebrew , Job 33:11<\/span> (A ), cf.<\/em> Arist., Eq.<\/em> , 367, 393, 705; Herod., vi., 75; ix., 37; and instances in Wetstein, Liv., viii., 28, Plaut., Capt.<\/em> , iii., 70, Latin nervus<\/em> . So Eusebius uses the word of the martyrs in Gaul (see Alford). In Jeremiah’s case another and equivalent word is used in the Heb. 29:26 = LXX . The same Hebrew is used in 2Ch 16:10<\/span> , where LXX has simply . : only elsewhere in N.T. in Mat 27:64-66<\/span> ; in LXX and Polyb., cf.<\/em> critical note, Act 16:30<\/span> in [296] .<\/p>\n [296] R(omana), in Blass, a first rough copy of St. Luke.<\/p>\n thrust = cast, as Act 16:23. <\/p>\n inner. Greek. esoteros. Comparative of eso, within. Only here and Heb 6:19. <\/p>\n made . . . fast = made safe. Greek. asphalizo. Only here and Mat 27:64-66. <\/p>\n in the stocks. Literally unto (Greek. eis. App-104.) the wood. <\/p>\n 24. ] Also called , , and , and in Latin, nervus: so noctu nervo vinctus custodibitur, Plaut. Cap. iii. 5. 71. Eusebius (Act 16:1, vol. ii. p. 16, ed. Heinichen) mentions, speaking of the martyrs in Gaul, .<\/p>\n the inner: 1Ki 22:27, Jer 37:15, Jer 37:16, Jer 38:26, Lam 3:53-55 <\/p>\n and made: 2Ch 16:10,*Heb: Job 13:27, Job 33:11, Psa 105:18, Jer 20:2, Jer 29:26 <\/p>\n Reciprocal: Pro 7:22 – the correction Jer 38:6 – into Lam 3:55 – General Dan 6:12 – they Dan 6:17 – a stone Jon 2:1 – out Luk 4:29 – and thrust Act 12:4 – delivered Act 16:27 – the keeper Act 16:30 – brought 2Co 6:5 – imprisonments 2Co 11:23 – in prisons Heb 11:36 – bonds Jam 5:13 – any among<\/p>\n 4<\/p>\n Act 16:24. Such a charge indicated that the jailor felt a special responsibility for keeping of the prisoners. Stocks is from XULON and the primary definition is, “that which is made of wood.” Thayer describes the instrument as follows: “A log or timber with holes in which the feet, hands, neck of prisoners were inserted and fastened with thongs.” Inner prison means a cell with its own door locked, on the inside of the general prison which is also enclosed with locked doors.<\/p>\n Act 16:24. Thrust them into the inner prison, and made their feet fast in the stocks. In a Roman prison there were usually three distinct parts(1) the communiora, where the prisoners light and fresh air; (2) the interiora, shut off by strong iron gates with bars and locks; (3) the tullianum or dungeon. The third was a place rather of execution or for one condemned to die. The prison in which Paul and Silas lay that eventful night at Philippi was probably a damp cold cell from which light was excluded.<\/p>\n The stocks alluded to was an instrument of torture as well as confinement. This instrument was a heavy piece of wood with holes, into which the feet were placed in such a manner that they were stretched widely apart so as to cause the sufferer great pain.<\/p>\n Eusebius, H. E. vi. 39, writes of the noble Origens sufferings when, under an iron collar and in the deepest recesses of the prison, for many days he was stretched to the distance of four holes in the stocks (, Lat. nervus).<\/p>\n See notes on verse 22<\/p>\n 24-26. To put a final quietus to all the trouble, they cast Paul and Silas into the deep, dark dungeon of their cruel, filthy old prison, with their lacerated, bleeding backs down on the cold, stone floor, and their feet raised up and wedged fast in great blocks of wood, thus precluding all possibility of escape. If you had been in their place, would you not have concluded that you were mistaken as to the call of God to that place? Paul and Silas, while the hours glide away, tell their experiences, pray to God, get very happy and continue to sing uproariously the praises of God, arresting the attention and astonishing the suffering inmates of those gloomy dungeons, utterly unaccustomed to hear songs of joy. At midnight God answers their prayer with the earthquake shock, disrupting the deep foundations of the prison, snapping all the bars and bolts, and slamming back the ponderous iron doors against the massive stone walls like claps of thunder.<\/p>\n Verse 24 <\/p>\n Stocks; a wooden instrument, with holes, into which the feet were secured in a constrained and painful position. Under these circumstances, prisoners could not sleep. It is necessary to observe this, in order to understand the full force of the statement, that at midnight Paul and Silas were occupied in singing praises. <\/p>\n 16:24 Who, having received such a charge, thrust them into the inner prison, and made their feet {h} fast in the stocks.<\/p>\n (h) Because he wanted to be more sure that they did not escape, he set them fast in the stocks.<\/p>\n Who, having received such a charge, thrust them into the inner prison, and made their feet fast in the stocks. 24. the inner prison ] Necessarily a place dark and without ventilation, and hence foul and loathsome; perhaps underground, like the Tullianum at Rome (Varr. L. L. v. 161; Lev. 29:22). their feet fast in … Continue reading “Exegetical and Hermeneutical Commentary of Acts 16:24”<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-27466","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-commentary"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/bible-commentary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27466","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/bible-commentary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/bible-commentary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/bible-commentary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/bible-commentary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=27466"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/bible-commentary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27466\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/bible-commentary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=27466"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/bible-commentary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=27466"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/bible-commentary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=27466"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}Fuente: The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
Fuente: Albert Barnes’ Notes on the Bible<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
<\/P>
<\/P> Fuente: Adam Clarke’s Commentary and Critical Notes on the Bible<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
Fuente: English Annotations on the Holy Bible by Matthew Poole<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
Fuente: Jamieson, Fausset and Brown’s Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible <\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
Fuente: John Gill’s Exposition of the Entire Bible<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
Fuente: Robertson’s Word Pictures in the New Testament<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
Fuente: Vincent’s Word Studies in the New Testament<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
Fuente: Garner-Howes Baptist Commentary<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
Fuente: Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers (Old and New Testaments)<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
Fuente: Whedon’s Commentary on the Old and New Testaments<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
Fuente: Commentary on the Holy Bible by Thomas Coke<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
Fuente: Heinrich August Wilhelm Meyer’s New Testament Commentary<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
Fuente: John Trapp’s Complete Commentary (Old and New Testaments)<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
Fuente: Henry Alford’s Greek Testament<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
Fuente: The Expositors Greek Testament by Robertson<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
Fuente: Companion Bible Notes, Appendices and Graphics<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
Fuente: The Greek Testament<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
Fuente: The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
Fuente: Combined Bible Commentary<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
Fuente: A Popular Commentary on the New Testament<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
Fuente: McGarvey and Pendleton Commentaries (New Testament)<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
Fuente: William Godbey’s Commentary on the New Testament<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
Fuente: Abbott’s Illustrated New Testament<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
Fuente: Geneva Bible Notes<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"