{"id":4321,"date":"2022-09-24T00:36:50","date_gmt":"2022-09-24T05:36:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/bible-commentary\/exegetical-and-hermeneutical-commentary-of-numbers-201\/"},"modified":"2022-09-24T00:36:50","modified_gmt":"2022-09-24T05:36:50","slug":"exegetical-and-hermeneutical-commentary-of-numbers-201","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/bible-commentary\/exegetical-and-hermeneutical-commentary-of-numbers-201\/","title":{"rendered":"Exegetical and Hermeneutical Commentary of Numbers 20:1"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3 align='center'><b><i> Then came the children of Israel, [even] the whole congregation, into the desert of Zin in the first month: and the people abode in Kadesh; and Miriam died there, and was buried there. <\/i><\/b><\/h3>\n<p> <strong> 1<\/strong>. <em> and Miriam died there<\/em> ] At what period this took place is not stated. The event has no connexion with the following narrative.<\/p>\n<h4 align='right'><i><b>Fuente: The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n<p><P STYLE=\"text-indent: 0.75em\"><span class='bible'>Num. 20<\/span> and <span class='bible'>Num. 21<\/span> narrate the journey of the people from Kadesh round Mount Seir to the heights of Pisgah, near the Jordan, and the various incidents connected with that journey (compare <span class='bible'>Num 33:37-41<\/span>). This formed the third and last stage of the progress of Israel from Sinai to Canaan, and took place in the fortieth year of the Exodus.<\/P> <P STYLE=\"text-indent: 0.75em\">The incidents are apparently not narrated in a strictly chronological order (see <span class='bible'>Num 21:1<\/span>). The leading purpose of <span class='bible'>Num. 20<\/span> seems to be to narrate the loss by the people of their original leaders before their entrance into the land of promise.<\/P> <P STYLE=\"text-indent: 0.75em\"><B>Even the whole congregation &#8211; <\/B>This emphatic expression (compare <span class='bible'>Num 13:26<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Num 14:1<\/span>) points to a re-assembling of the people for the purpose of at last resuming the advance to the promised land. During the past 38 years the congregation had been bracken up. No doubt round the tabernacle there had continued an organised camp consisting of the Levites and others, which had been moved from time to time up and down the country (compare <span class='bible'>Num. 33:18-36<\/span>). But the mass of the people had been scattered over the face of the wilderness of Paran, and led a nomadic life as best suited the pasturage of the cattle; trafficking in provisions with surrounding tribes (compare <span class='bible'>Deu 2:26-29<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Psa 74:14<\/span>); and availing themselves of the resources of a district which were in ancient times vastly greater than they now are.<\/P> <P STYLE=\"text-indent: 0.75em\">These natural resources were supplemented, where needful, by miraculous aid. The whole guidance of Israel through the wilderness is constantly referred to Gods special and immediately superintending care (<span class='bible'>Deu 8:4<\/span> following; <span class='bible'>Deu 29:5<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Neh 9:21<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Isa 63:11-14<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Amo 2:10<\/span>, etc.).<\/P> <P STYLE=\"text-indent: 0.75em\">Yet though Gods extraordinary bounty was vouchsafed to them, it is probable that this period was, among the perishing generation at all events, one of great religious declension, or even apostasy. To it must no doubt be referred such passages as <span class='bible'>Eze 20:15<\/span> ff; <span class='bible'>Amo 5:25<\/span> following; <span class='bible'>Hos 9:10<\/span>.<\/P> <P STYLE=\"text-indent: 0.75em\"><B>Into the desert of Zin &#8211; <\/B>The northeastern part of the wilderness of Paran (or, now definitely fixed by Palmer as the southeastern corner of the desert of Et-Tih, between Akabah and the head of Wady Garaiyeh.) The place of encampment was no doubt adjacent to the spring of Kadesh.<\/P> <P STYLE=\"text-indent: 0.75em\"><B>In the first month &#8211; <\/B>i. e. of the fortieth year of the Exodus.<\/P><\/p>\n<h4 align='right'><i><b>Fuente: Albert Barnes&#8217; Notes on the Bible<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n<p><span class='bible'>Num 20:1<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em>The people abode in Kadesh.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>The new departure<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The fortieth year is now running its course. The time of the curse has nearly expired. And now preparations may be begun for entering a second time on the march to Canaan, where a new generation must vindicate the claim of Israel to be indeed the hosts of the Lord, by taking possession of the land of promise. It was at Kadesh that the sentence had been pronounced which doomed their fathers to these dreary years of wandering. It is at Kadesh again that the camp is reorganised. It seems likely that during the interval there was no definite aim or object before the people, so that they moved about as suited their convenience or necessities, very much as the wandering tribes of the desert do still. This would lead to a relaxation of discipline and order in the camp, and more or less scattering of the people. Their unity was indeed to a certain extent kept up, and their marching orders given as of old, probably at long intervals. So at least we would infer from the itinerary in chap. 33.; but there must have been no little disorganisation and dispersion, rendering it necessary that there should be a reassembling of the forces. For this purpose no place could be better or<strong> <\/strong>more appropriate than Kadesh, not only because it must have been so familiar to all, but also because, by making it their point of departure, they resumed the thread that had been broken by the unbelief of their fathers. The total loss of the long interval of time, moreover, is more distinctly marked by the gathering of the people together at the old halting-place. There is a striking contrast between the<strong> <\/strong>new departure and the old. The first began with the numbering and mustering of the armed men, and all the bustle, activity, and energy of a youthful host setting out to victory. The second seems to have a much less hopeful beginning. The twentieth of Numbers is one of the saddest chapters in the book. It begins with the death of her who had been the leader in the song of victory on the shores of the Red Sea. It ends with the death of him who had so long been the honoured representative of Israel in the Holy and the Most Holy Place. And, between the two, we have the old story of murmuring on the part of the people, and mercy on the part of God, but with this sad addition, that Moses himself has a fall&#8211;a fall so serious that it leads to his own, as well as Aarons, exclusion from the land of promise. It seems a hopeless beginning indeed. But was there not something hopeful in its very hopelessness? Recall that scene of wrestling at Peniel, when the patriarch Jacob gained the new name of Israel. How did he gain it? By his own strength? Nay. It was through weakness that he was made strong. It was when his power was utterly broken that his hope of victory began. This will illustrate what we mean when we say that there is something hopeful in the very hopelessness of this chapter. And this prepares the way for the great lesson of the next chapter, which may be expressed in the very words which follow the passage just quoted from the 146th Psalm, Happy is he that hath the God of Jacob for his help, whose hope is in the Lord his God. (<em>J. M. Gibson, D. D<\/em>.)<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>Miriam died there<\/strong><strong><em>.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>The death of Miriam<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><br \/>I<\/strong><strong><em>. <\/em><\/strong>Death terminates the most protracted life. Miriam must have been about 130 years old when she died.<\/p>\n<p><strong><br \/>II. <\/strong>Death terminates the most eventful life.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1. <\/strong>The girl watching over the life of her infant brother (<span class='bible'>Exo 3:4-8<\/span>).<\/p>\n<p><strong>2. <\/strong>The experienced woman sharing in the interest and action of the stirring events which led to the great emancipation from Egypt.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3. <\/strong>The prophetess leading the exultant songs and dances of a triumphant people (<span class='bible'>Exo 15:20-21<\/span>).<\/p>\n<p><strong>4. <\/strong>The envious woman aspiring after equality with, and speaking against her greater brother (<span class='bible'>Num 12:1-2<\/span>).<\/p>\n<p><strong>5. <\/strong>The guilty woman smitten with leprosy because of the sin (<span class='bible'>Num 12:9-10<\/span>).<\/p>\n<p><strong>6. <\/strong>The leprous woman healed in answer to the prayer of the brother whom she had spoken against (<span class='bible'>Num 12:13-15<\/span>). The most stirring and eventful life is closed by death, as well as the quiet and monotonous one.<\/p>\n<p><strong><br \/>III. <\/strong>Death terminates the most distinguished life.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1. <\/strong>Miriam was distinguished by her gifts. Prophetic gifts arc ascribed to her. Miriam, the prophetess, is her acknowledged title (<span class='bible'>Exo 15:20<\/span>).<\/p>\n<p><strong>2. <\/strong>Miriam was distinguished by her position.<\/p>\n<p><strong><br \/>IV. <\/strong>Death, by reason of sin, sometimes terminates life earlier than it otherwise would have done.<\/p>\n<p><strong><br \/>V. <\/strong>death sometimes terminates life with suggestions of a life beyond. It was so in the case of Miriam. Can we think that the gifts with which she was so richly endowed, and the treasures of experience which in her long and eventful life she had gathered, were all lost at death? This would be in utter opposition to the analogy of the Divine arrangements in the universe. (<em>W. Jones<\/em>.)<\/p>\n<h4 align='right'><i><b>Fuente: Biblical Illustrator Edited by Joseph S. Exell<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n<p><P STYLE=\"margin-left: 0.9em\"> CHAPTER XX <\/P> <P STYLE=\"margin-left: 0.9em\">  <I>The Israelites come to Zin, and Miriam dies<\/I>, 1.<\/P> <P STYLE=\"margin-left: 0.9em\">  <I>They murmur for want of water<\/I>, 2-5.<\/P> <P STYLE=\"margin-left: 0.9em\">  <I>Moses and Aaron make supplication at the tabernacle, and the<\/I><\/P> <P STYLE=\"margin-left: 0.9em\">   <I>glory of the Lord appears<\/I>, 6.<\/P> <P STYLE=\"margin-left: 0.9em\">  <I>He commands Moses to take his rod, gather the congregation<\/I><\/P> <P STYLE=\"margin-left: 0.9em\">   <I>together, and bring water out of the rock<\/I>, 7, 8.<\/P> <P STYLE=\"margin-left: 0.9em\">  <I>Moses takes the rod, gathers the Israelites together, chides<\/I><\/P> <P STYLE=\"margin-left: 0.9em\">   <I>with them, and smites the rock twice, and the waters flow out<\/I><\/P> <P STYLE=\"margin-left: 0.9em\">   <I>plenteously<\/I>, 9-11.<\/P> <P STYLE=\"margin-left: 0.9em\">  <I>The Lord is offended with Moses and Aaron because they did not<\/I><\/P> <P STYLE=\"margin-left: 0.9em\">   <I>sanctify him in the sight of the children of Israel<\/I>, 12.<\/P> <P STYLE=\"margin-left: 0.9em\">  <I>The place is called<\/I> Meribah, 13.<\/P> <P STYLE=\"margin-left: 0.9em\">  <I>Moses sends a friendly message to the king of Edom, begging<\/I><\/P> <P STYLE=\"margin-left: 0.9em\">   <I>liberty to pass through his territories<\/I>, 14-17.<\/P> <P STYLE=\"margin-left: 0.9em\">  <I>The Edomites refuse<\/I>, 18.<\/P> <P STYLE=\"margin-left: 0.9em\">  <I>The Israelites expostulate<\/I>, 19.<\/P> <P STYLE=\"margin-left: 0.9em\">  <I>The Edomites still refuse, and prepare to attack them<\/I>, 20, 21.<\/P> <P STYLE=\"margin-left: 0.9em\">  <I>The Israelites go to Mount Hor<\/I>, 22.<\/P> <P STYLE=\"margin-left: 0.9em\">  <I>Aaron is commanded to prepare far his death<\/I>, 23, 24.<\/P> <P STYLE=\"margin-left: 0.9em\">  <I>Aaron is stripped on Mount Hor, and his vestments put on Eleazar<\/I><\/P> <P STYLE=\"margin-left: 0.9em\">   <I>his son; Aaron dies<\/I>, 25-28.<\/P> <P STYLE=\"margin-left: 0.9em\">  <I>The people mourn for him thirty days<\/I>, 29. <\/P> <P>                     NOTES ON CHAP. XX<\/P> <P> <\/P> <P>  Verse <span class='bible'>1<\/span>. <I><B>Then came the children of Israel, c.<\/B><\/I>] This was the first month of the <I>fortieth<\/I> year after their departure from Egypt. See <span class='bible'>Nu 33:38<\/span>, compared with <span class='bible'>Nu 20:28<\/span> of this chapter, and <span class='bible'>De 1:3<\/span>. The transactions of <I>thirty-seven<\/I> years Moses passes by, because he writes not as a historian but as a legislator and gives us particularly an account of the laws, ordinances, and other occurrences of the first and last years of their peregrinations. The year now spoken of was the last of their journeyings; for from the going out of the spies, <span class='bible'>Nu 13:1-2<\/span>, unto this time, was about <I>thirty-eight<\/I> years, <span class='bible'>De 1:22-23<\/span>; <span class='bible'>De 2:14<\/span>.<\/P> <P> <\/P> <P>  <I><B>Desert of Zin<\/B><\/I>] Calmet contends that this is not the same desert mentioned <span class='bible'>Ex 16:1<\/span>, where Israel had their <I>eighth<\/I> encampment; that in Exodus being called in the original  <I>sin<\/I>, this here  <I>tsin<\/I>: but this is no positive proof, as letters of the same organ are frequently interchanged in all languages, and particularly in Hebrew.<\/P> <P> <\/P> <P>  <I><B>And Miriam died there<\/B><\/I>] Miriam was certainly older than Moses. When he was an infant, exposed on the river Nile, she was intrusted by her parents to watch the conduct of Pharaoh&#8217;s daughter, and to manage a most delicate business, that required much address and prudence.  See <span class='bible'>Ex 2:1-8<\/span>. It is supposed that she was at the time of her death <I>one hundred and thirty<\/I> years of age, having been at least <I>ten<\/I> years old at her brother&#8217;s birth.  The Catholic writers represent her as a type of the Virgin Mary; as having preserved a perpetual virginity; as being legislatrix over the Israelitish women, as Moses was over the men; and as having a large portion of the spirit of prophecy.  Eusebius says that her tomb was to be seen at <I>Kadesh<\/I>, near the city of Petra, in his time.  She appears to have died about <I>four<\/I> months before her brother Aaron, <span class='bible'>Nu 33:38<\/span>, and <I>eleven<\/I> before her brother Moses; so that these three, the most eminent of human beings, died in the space of one year!<\/P><\/p>\n<h4 align='right'><i><b>Fuente: Adam Clarke&#8217;s Commentary and Critical Notes on the Bible<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n<p><P> <B>Then, <\/B>to wit, after many other stations and long journeys here omitted. but particularly described <span class='bible'>Num 33<\/span>. <\/P> <P><B>The desert of Zin; <\/B>a place near the land of Edom, distinct and distant from that, <\/P> <P><B>Sin, <\/B><span class='bible'><B>Exo 16:1<\/B><\/span>. <\/P> <P><B>In the first month, <\/B>to wit, of the fortieth year, as is evident, because the next station to this was in Mount Hor, where Aaron died, <span class='bible'>Num 20:22<\/span>,<span class='bible'>23<\/span>, &amp;c., who died in the fifth month of the fortieth year, <span class='bible'>Num 33:38<\/span>. Moses doth not give us an exact journal of all their occurrences in the wilderness, but only of those which were most remarkable, and especially of those which happened in the first and second, and in the fortieth year. <\/P> <P><B>Kadesh; <\/B>whether the same place called <I>Kadesh-barnea<\/I>, where they were long since, <span class='bible'>Num 13:26<\/span>, and to which they now return after thirty-eight years tedious travels and wanderings in the desert, <span class='bible'>Deu 2:14<\/span>, or another place more southerly, it is not material. <B>Miriam died four months before Aaron, <\/B>and but a few more before Moses. <\/P> <\/p>\n<h4 align='right'><i><b>Fuente: English Annotations on the Holy Bible by Matthew Poole<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n<p><P><B>1. Then came the children of Israel. . . into the desert of Zin in the first month<\/B>that is, of thefortieth year (compare <span class='bible'>Num 20:22<\/span>;<span class='bible'>Num 20:23<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Num 33:38<\/span>).In this history only the principal and most important incidents arerecorded, those confined chiefly to the first or second and the lastyears of the journeyings in the wilderness, thence called Et-Tih.Between <span class='bible'>Num 19:22<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Num 20:1<\/span>there is a long and undescribed interval of thirty-seven years. <\/P><P>       <B>the people abode inKadesh<\/B>supposed to be what is now known as Ain-el-Weibeh, threesprings surrounded by palms. (See on <span class='bible'>Nu13:26<\/span>). It was their second arrival after an interval ofthirty-eight years (<span class='bible'>De 2:14<\/span>).The old generation had nearly all died, and the new one encamped init with the view of entering the promised land, not, however, asformerly on the south, but by crossing the Edomite region on theeast. <\/P><P>       <B>Miriam died there<\/B>fourmonths before Aaron [<span class='bible'>Nu 33:38<\/span>].<\/P><\/p>\n<h4 align='right'><i><b>Fuente: Jamieson, Fausset and Brown&#8217;s Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible <\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n<p><strong>Then came the children of Israel, even the whole congregation<\/strong>,&#8230;. Not immediately after the transaction of the above things, recorded in the preceding chapters; as the sending of the spies into the land of Canaan, and their report of it; the business of Korah, and the giving of several laws respecting the priesthood, and the purification of the people; but thirty eight years after: nor was this the congregation that came out of Egypt; their carcasses, by this time, had fallen in the wilderness, as had been threatened, excepting some few, so that this was a new generation: what passed during this time we have very little account of, excepting their journeyings from place to place, in <span class='bible'>Nu 33:1<\/span>, by which it appears, there were eighteen stations between the place they encamped at when the spies were sent, and this they now came to; and that the place from whence they came hither was Ezion Geber; from hence they journeyed,<\/p>\n<p><strong>and came unto the desert of Zin<\/strong>; which is different from the wilderness of Sin, <span class='bible'>Ex 16:1<\/span> as appears by their names, which are different, and by the stations of the Israelites, <span class='bible'>Nu 33:11<\/span>, hither they came<\/p>\n<p><strong>in the first month<\/strong>; the month of Nisan, on the tenth day of it, according to the Targum of Jonathan, which was the first month of the fortieth year of their coming out of Egypt, so Aben Ezra; with which agrees the Jewish chronologer u, which says, this was the fortieth year, and the beginning of the month Nisan:<\/p>\n<p><strong>and the people abode in Kadesh<\/strong>: which is by some thought to be different from Kadeshbarnea, from whence the spies were sent, and lay to the south of the land of Canaan, whereas this was upon the borders of Edom; but Doctor Lightfoot w shows them to be the same: it is supposed to be eight hours north or northnorth-west of Mount Sinai, which may be computed to be about twenty miles x; here the Israelites abode about four months, see <span class='bible'>Nu 33:38<\/span> the above Jewish chronologer says three months, wrongly:<\/p>\n<p><strong>and Miriam died there, and was buried there<\/strong>; the Jews say y she died there the tenth day of the month Nisan, which was ten days after the Israelites came to this place; though, according to the Targum of Jonathan, it was the same day they came thither: Patricides, an Arabian writer, says z she died on the seventh day of Nisan, aged one hundred and twenty seven; no mention is made of the people mourning for her as for Aaron, <span class='bible'>Nu 20:29<\/span> and for Moses, <span class='bible'>De 34:8<\/span> perhaps because of their distress for want of water, as follows.<\/p>\n<p>u Seder Olam Rabba, c. 9. p. 25. w Chorograph. Cent. in Matt. c. 7. p. 8, 9. x Pococke&#8217;s Travels, p. 157. y Shalshalet Hakabala, fol. 7. 2. Schulchan Aruch, par. 1. c. 580. sect. 2. z Apud Hottinger. Smegma Oriental. l. 1. c. 8. p. 457.<\/p>\n<h4 align='right'><i><b>Fuente: John Gill&#8217;s Exposition of the Entire Bible<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n<p> Assembling of the Congregation at Kadesh. &#8211; In the first month the children of Israel came into the desert of Zin, i.e., in the fortieth year of their wanderings, at the commencement of which &ldquo;the whole congregation&rdquo; assembled together once more in the very same place where the sentence had been passed thirty-seven years and a half before, that they should remain in the desert for forty years, until the rebellious generation had died out. The year is not mentioned in <span class='bible'>Num 20:1<\/span>, but, according to <span class='bible'>Num 14:32<\/span>., it can only be the year with which the forty years of the sentence that they should die out in the wilderness came to an end, that is to say, the fortieth year of their wandering. This is put beyond all doubt by what follows. For the whole congregation proceeds from Kadesh in the desert of Zin to Mount Hor, where Aaron died, and that, according to <span class='bible'>Num 33:38<\/span>, in the fifth month of the fortieth year after the exodus from Egypt. Miriam died during the time that the people were staying (  ) in Kadesh, and there she was buried.<\/p>\n<h4 align='right'><i><b>Fuente: Keil &amp; Delitzsch Commentary on the Old Testament<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n<p><TABLE BORDER=\"0\" CELLPADDING=\"1\" CELLSPACING=\"0\"> <TR> <TD> <P ALIGN=\"LEFT\" STYLE=\"background: transparent;border: none;padding: 0in;font-weight: normal;text-decoration: none\"> <span style='font-size:1.25em;line-height:1em'><I><SPAN STYLE=\"background: transparent\"><SPAN STYLE=\"text-decoration: none\">The Death of Miriam; The Water of Meribah; Moses and Aaron Reproved.<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/I><\/span><\/P> <\/TD> <TD> <P ALIGN=\"RIGHT\" STYLE=\"background: transparent;border: none;padding: 0in\"> <SPAN STYLE=\"text-decoration: none\"><SPAN STYLE=\"font-style: normal\"><SPAN STYLE=\"font-weight: normal\"><SPAN STYLE=\"background: transparent\"><SPAN STYLE=\"text-decoration: none\">B. C.<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><SPAN STYLE=\"text-decoration: none\"><SPAN STYLE=\"font-style: normal\"><SPAN STYLE=\"font-weight: normal\"><SPAN STYLE=\"background: transparent\"><SPAN STYLE=\"text-decoration: none\"> 1453.<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD> <\/TR>  <\/TABLE> <P>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1 Then came the children of Israel, <I>even<\/I> the whole congregation, into the desert of Zin in the first month: and the people abode in Kadesh; and Miriam died there, and was buried there. &nbsp; 2 And there was no water for the congregation: and they gathered themselves together against Moses and against Aaron. &nbsp; 3 And the people chode with Moses, and spake, saying, Would God that we had died when our brethren died before the <B>LORD<\/B>! &nbsp; 4 And why have ye brought up the congregation of the <B>LORD<\/B> into this wilderness, that we and our cattle should die there? &nbsp; 5 And wherefore have ye made us to come up out of Egypt, to bring us in unto this evil place? it <I>is<\/I> no place of seed, or of figs, or of vines, or of pomegranates; neither <I>is<\/I> there any water to drink. &nbsp; 6 And Moses and Aaron went from the presence of the assembly unto the door of the tabernacle of the congregation, and they fell upon their faces: and the glory of the <B>LORD<\/B> appeared unto them. &nbsp; 7 And the <B>LORD<\/B> spake unto Moses, saying, &nbsp; 8 Take the rod, and gather thou the assembly together, thou, and Aaron thy brother, and speak ye unto the rock before their eyes; and it shall give forth his water, and thou shalt bring forth to them water out of the rock: so thou shalt give the congregation and their beasts drink. &nbsp; 9 And Moses took the rod from before the <B>LORD<\/B>, as he commanded him. &nbsp; 10 And Moses and Aaron gathered the congregation together before the rock, and he said unto them, Hear now, ye rebels; must we fetch you water out of this rock? &nbsp; 11 And Moses lifted up his hand, and with his rod he smote the rock twice: and the water came out abundantly, and the congregation drank, and their beasts <I>also.<\/I> &nbsp; 12 And the <B>LORD<\/B> spake unto Moses and Aaron, Because ye believed me not, to sanctify me in the eyes of the children of Israel, therefore ye shall not bring this congregation into the land which I have given them. &nbsp; 13 This <I>is<\/I> the water of Meribah; because the children of Israel strove with the <B>LORD<\/B>, and he was sanctified in them.<\/P> <P> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; After thirty-eight years&#8217; tedious marches, or rather tedious rests, in the wilderness, backward towards the Red Sea, the armies of Israel now at length set their faces towards Canaan again, and had come not far off from the place where they were when, by the righteous sentence of divine Justice, they were made to begin their wanderings. Hitherto they had been led about as in a maze or labyrinth, while execution was doing upon the rebels that were sentenced; but they were now brought into the right way again: they abode in Kadesh (<span class='bible'><I>v.<\/I><\/span><span class='bible'> 1<\/span>), not Kadesh-barnea, which was near the borders of Canaan, but another Kadesh on the confines of Edom, further off from the land of promise, yet in the way to it from the Red Sea, to which they had been hurried back. Now,<\/P> <P> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; I. Here dies Miriam, the sister of Moses and Aaron, and as it should seem older than either of them. She must have been so if she was that sister that was set to watch Moses when he was put into the ark of bulrushes, <span class='bible'>Exod. ii. 4<\/span>. <I>Miriam died there,<\/I><span class='_0000ff'><I><U><span class='bible'> v.<\/span><span class='bible'> 1<\/span><\/U><\/I><\/span>. She was a prophetess, and had been an instrument of much good to Israel, <span class='bible'>Mic. vi. 4<\/span>. When Moses and Aaron with their rod went before them, to work wonders for them, Miriam with her timbrel went before them in praising God for these wondrous works (<span class='bible'>Exod. xv. 20<\/span>), and therein did them real service; yet she had once been a murmurer (<span class='bible'><I>ch.<\/I><\/span><span class='bible'> xii. 1<\/span>), and must not enter Canaan.<\/P> <P> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; II. Here there is another Meribah. one place we met with before of that name, in the beginning of their march through the wilderness, which was so called <I>because of the chiding of the children of Israel,<\/I><span class='bible'><I> Exod. xvii. 7<\/I><\/span>. And now we have another place, at the latter end of their march, which bears the same name for the same reason: <I>This is the water of Meribah,<\/I><span class='_0000ff'><I><U><span class='bible'> v.<\/span><span class='bible'> 13<\/span><\/U><\/I><\/span>. What was there done was here re-acted.<\/P> <P> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1. <I>There was no water for the congregation,<\/I><span class='_0000ff'><I><U><span class='bible'> v.<\/span><span class='bible'> 2<\/span><\/U><\/I><\/span>. The water out of the rock of Rephidim had followed them while there was need of it; but it is probable that for some time they had been in a country where they were supplied in an ordinary way, and when common providence supplied them it was fit that the miracle should cease. But in this place it fell out that there was no water, or not sufficient for the congregation. Note, We live in a wanting world, and, wherever we are, must expect to meet with some inconvenience or other. It is a great mercy to have plenty of water, a mercy which if we found the want of we should own the worth of.<\/P> <P> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 2. Hereupon they murmured, mutinied (<span class='bible'><I>v.<\/I><\/span><span class='bible'> 2<\/span>), <I>gathered themselves together,<\/I> and took up arms <I>against Moses and Aaron.<\/I> They chid with them (<span class='bible'><I>v.<\/I><\/span><span class='bible'> 3<\/span>), spoke the same absurd and brutish language that their fathers had done before them. (1.) They wished they had died as malefactors by the hands of divine justice, rather than thus seem for a while neglected by the divine mercy: <I>Would God that we had died when our brethren died before the Lord!<\/I> Instead of giving God thanks, as they ought to have done, for sparing them, they not only despise the mercy of their reprieve, but quarrel with it, as if God had done them a great deal of wrong in giving them their lives for a prey, and snatching them as brands out of the burning. But they need not wish that they had died with their brethren, they are here taking the ready way to die like their brethren in a little while. <I>Woe unto those that desire the day of the Lord,<\/I><span class='bible'><I> Amos v. 18<\/I><\/span>. (2.) They were angry that they were brought out of Egypt, and led through this wilderness, <span class='bible'>Num 20:4<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Num 20:5<\/span>. They quarrelled with Moses for that which they knew was the Lord&#8217;s doing; they represented that as an injury which was the greatest favour that ever was done to any people. They prefer slavery before liberty, the house of bondage before the land of promise; and though, the present want was of water only, yet, now that they are disposed to find fault, it shall be looked upon as an insufferable hardship put upon them that they have not vines and figs. It was an aggravation of their crime, [1.] that they had smarted so long for the discontents and distrusts of their fathers. <I>They had borne their whoredoms<\/I> now almost <I>forty years in the wilderness<\/I> (<span class='bible'><I>ch.<\/I><\/span><span class='bible'> xiv. 33<\/span>); and yet they ventured in the same steps, and, as is charged upon Belshazzar, <I>humbled not their hearts, though they knew all this,<\/I><span class='bible'><I> Dan. v. 22<\/I><\/span>. [2.] That they had had such long and constant experience of God&#8217;s goodness to them, and of the tenderness and faithfulness of Moses and Aaron. [3.] That Miriam was now lately dead; and, having lost one of their leaders, they ought to have been more respectful to those that were left; but, as if they were resolved to provoke God to leave them as sheep without any shepherd, they grow outrageous against them: instead of condoling with Moses and Aaron for the death of their sister, they add affliction to their grief.<\/P> <P> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 3. Moses and Aaron made them no reply, but retired to the door of the tabernacle to know God&#8217;s mind in this case, <span class='bible'><I>v.<\/I><\/span><span class='bible'> 6<\/span>. There they <I>fell on their faces,<\/I> as formerly on the like occasion, to deprecate the wrath of God and to entreat direction from him. Here is no mention of any thing they said; they knew that God heard the murmurings of the people, and before him they humbly prostrate themselves, making intercessions with <I>groanings that cannot be uttered.<\/I> There they lay waiting for orders <I>Speak, Lord, for thy servants hear.<\/I><\/P> <P> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 4. God appeared, to determine the matter; not on his tribunal of justice, to sentence the rebels according to their deserts; no, he <I>will not return to destroy Ephraim<\/I> (<span class='bible'>Hosea xi. 9<\/span>), will <I>not always chide;<\/I> see <span class='bible'>Gen. viii. 21<\/span>. But he appeared, (1.) On his throne of glory, to silence their unjust murmuring (<span class='bible'><I>v.<\/I><\/span><span class='bible'> 6<\/span>): The <I>glory of the Lord appeared,<\/I> to <I>still the tumult of the people,<\/I> by striking an awe upon them. Note, A believing sight of the glory of the Lord would be an effectual check to our lusts and passions, and would keep our mouths as with a bridle. (2.) On his throne of grace, to satisfy their just desires. It was requisite that they should have water, and therefore, thought the manner of their petitioning for it was irregular and disorderly, yet God did not take that advantage against them to deny it to them, but gave immediate orders for their supply, <span class='bible'><I>v.<\/I><\/span><span class='bible'> 8<\/span>. Moses must a second time in God&#8217;s name command water out of a rock for them, to show that God is as able as ever to supply his people with good things, even in their greatest straits an in the utmost failure of second causes. Almighty power can bring water out of a rock, has done it, and can again, for his arm is not shortened. Lest it should be thought that there was some thing peculiar in the former rock itself, some secret spring which nature hid before in it, God here bids him broach another, and does not, as then, direct him which he must apply to, but lets him make use of which he pleased, or the first he came to; all alike to Omnipotence. [1.] God bids him take the rod, that famous rod with which he summoned the plagues of Egypt, and divided the sea, that, having that in his hand, both he and the people might be reminded of the great things God had formerly done for them, and might be encouraged to trust in him now. This rod, it seems, was kept in the tabernacle (<span class='bible'><I>v.<\/I><\/span><span class='bible'> 9<\/span>), for it was the <I>rod of God,<\/I> the <I>rod of his strength,<\/I> as the gospel is called (<span class='bible'>Ps. cx. 2<\/span>), perhaps in allusion to it. [2.] God bids him gather the assembly, not the elders only, but the people, to be witnesses of what was done, that by their own eyes they might be convinced and made ashamed of their unbelief. There is no fallacy in God&#8217;s works of wonder, and therefore they shun not the light, nor the inspection and enquiry of many witnesses. [3.] He bids him speak to the rock, which would do as it was bidden, to shame the people who had been so often spoken to, and would not hear nor obey. Their hearts were harder than this rock, not so tender, not so yielding, not so obedient. [4.] He promises that the rock should give forth water (<span class='bible'><I>v.<\/I><\/span><span class='bible'> 8<\/span>), and it did so (<span class='bible'><I>v.<\/I><\/span><span class='bible'> 11<\/span>): <I>The water came out abundantly.<\/I> This is an instance, not only of the power of God, that he could thus fetch <I>honey out of the rock,<\/I> and <I>oil out of the flinty rock,<\/I> but of his mercy and grace, that he would do it for such a provoking people. This was a new generation (most of the old stock were by this time worn off), yet they were as bad as those that went before them; murmuring ran in the blood, yet the entail of the divine favour was not cut off, but in this instance of it the divine patience shines as brightly as the divine power. He is God and not man, in sparing and pardoning; nay, he not only here gave them the drink which they drank of in common with their beasts (<span class='bible'><I>v.<\/I><\/span><span class='bible'> 8, 11<\/span>), but in it he made them to drink spiritual drink, which typified spiritual blessings, <I>for that rock was Christ.<\/I><\/P> <P> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 5. Moses and Aaron acted improperly in the management of this matter, so much so that God in displeasure told them immediately that they should not have the honour of bringing Israel into Canaan, <span class='bible'><I>v.<\/I><\/span><span class='bible'> 10-12<\/span>.<\/P> <P> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; (1.) This is a strange passage of story, yet very instructive. [1.] It is certain that God was greatly offended, and justly, for he is never angry without cause. Though they were his servants, and had obtained mercy to be faithful, though they were his favourites, and such as he had highly honoured, yet for something they thought, or said, or did, upon this occasion, he put them under the disgrace and mortification of dying, as other unbelieving Israelites did, short of Canaan. And no doubt the crime deserved the punishment. [2.] Yet it is uncertain what it was in this management that was so provoking to God. The fault was complicated. <I>First,<\/I> They did not punctually observe their orders, but in some things varied from their commission; God bade them <I>speak to the rock,<\/I> and they spoke <I>to the people,<\/I> and <I>smote the rock,<\/I> which at this time they were not ordered to do, but they thought speaking would not do. When, in distrust of the power of the word, we have recourse to the secular power in matters of pure conscience, we do, as Moses here, smite the rock to which we should only speak, <I>Secondly,<\/I> They assumed too much of the glory of this work of wonder to themselves: <I>Must we fetch water?<\/I> as if it were done by some power or worthiness of theirs. Therefore it is charged upon them (<span class='bible'><I>v.<\/I><\/span><span class='bible'> 12<\/span>) that <I>they did not sanctify God,<\/I> that is, they did not give him that glory of this miracle which was due unto his name. <I>Thirdly,<\/I> Unbelief was the great transgression (<span class='bible'><I>v.<\/I><\/span><span class='bible'> 12<\/span>): <I>You believed me not;<\/I> nay, it is called <I>rebelling against God&#8217;s commandment,<\/I><span class='_0000ff'><I><U><span class='bible'> ch.<\/span><span class='bible'> xxvii. 14<\/span><\/U><\/I><\/span>. The command was to bring water out of the rock, but they rebelled against this command, by distrusting it, and doubting whether it would take effect or no. They speak doubtfully: <I>Must we fetch water?<\/I> And probably they did in some other ways discover an uncertainty in their own minds whether water would come or no for such a rebellious generation as this was. And perhaps they the rather questioned it, though God had promised it, because the glory of the Lord did not appear before them upon this rock, as it had done upon the rock in Rephidim, <span class='bible'>Exod. xvii. 6<\/span>. They would not take God&#8217;s word without a sign. Dr. Lightfoot&#8217;s notion of their unbelief is that they doubted whether now at last, when the forty years had expired, they should enter Canaan, and whether they must not for the murmurings of the people be condemned to another period of toil, because a new rock was now opened for their supply, which they took for an indication of their longer stay. And, if so, justly were they kept out of Canaan themselves, while the people entered at the time appointed. <I>Fourthly,<\/I> They said and did all in heat and passion; this is the account given of the sin (<span class='bible'>Ps. cvi. 33<\/span>): <I>They provoked his spirit, so that he spoke unadvisedly with his lips.<\/I> It was in his passion that he called them <I>rebels.<\/I> It is true they were so; God had called them so; and Moses afterwards, in the way of a just reproof (<span class='bible'>Deut. ix. 24<\/span>), calls them so without offence; but now it came from a provoked spirit, and was spoken unadvisedly: it was too much like <I>Raca,<\/I> and <I>Thou fool.<\/I> His smiting the rock twice (it should seem, not waiting at all for the eruption of the water upon the first stroke) shows that he was in a heat. The same thing said and done with meekness may be justifiable which when said and done in anger may be highly culpable; see <span class='bible'>Jam. i. 20<\/span>. <I>Fifthly,<\/I> That which aggravated all the rest, and made it the more provoking, was that it was public, <I>before the eyes of the children of Israel,<\/I> to whom they should have been examples of faith, and hope, and meekness. We find Moses guilty of sinful distrust, <span class='bible'>Num 11:22<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Num 11:23<\/span>. That was private between God and him, and therefore was only checked. But his was public; it dishonoured God before Israel, as if he grudged them his favours, and discouraged the people&#8217;s hope in God, and therefore this was severely punished, and the more because of the dignity and eminency of those that offended.<\/P> <P> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; (2.) From the whole we may learn, [1.] That the best of men have their failings, even in those graces that they are most eminent for. The man Moses was very meek, and yet here he sinned in passion; wherefore <I>let him that thinks he stands take heed lest he fall.<\/I> [2.] That God judges not as man judges concerning sins; we might think that there was not much amiss in what Moses said and did, yet God saw cause to animadvert severely upon it. He knows the frame of men&#8217;s spirits, what temper they are of, and what temper they are in upon particular occasions, and from what thoughts and intents words and actions do proceed; and we are sure that therefore <I>his judgment is according to truth,<\/I> when it agrees not with ours. [3.] that God not only takes notice of, and is displeased with, the sins of his people, but that the nearer any are to him the more offensive are their sins, <span class='bible'>Amos iii. 2<\/span>. It should seem, the Psalmist refers to this sin of Moses and Aaron (<span class='bible'>Ps. xcix. 8<\/span>): <I>Thou wast a God that forgavest them, though thou tookest vengeance on their inventions.<\/I> As many are spared in this life and punished in the other, so many are punished in this life and saved in the other. [4.] That, when our heart is hot within us, we are concerned to take heed that we offend not with our tongue. Yet, [5.] It is an evidence of the sincerity of Moses, and his impartiality in writing, that he himself left this upon record concerning himself, and drew not a veil over his own infirmity, by which it appeared that in what he wrote, as well as what he did, he sought God&#8217;s glory more than his own.<\/P> <P> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <I>Lastly,<\/I> The place is hereupon called <I>Meribah,<\/I><span class='_0000ff'><I><U><span class='bible'> v.<\/span><span class='bible'> 13<\/span><\/U><\/I><\/span>. It is called <I>Meribah-Kadesh<\/I> (<span class='bible'>Deut. xxxii. 51<\/span>), to distinguish it from the other Meribah. It is the <I>water of strife;<\/I> to perpetuate the remembrance of the people&#8217;s sin, and Moses&#8217;s, and yet of God&#8217;s mercy, who supplied them with water, and owned and honoured Moses notwithstanding. Thus he was sanctified in the, as the <I>Holy One of Israel,<\/I> so he is called when his mercy rejoices against judgment, <span class='bible'>Hos. xi. 9<\/span>. Moses and Aaron did not sanctify God as they ought in the eyes of Israel (<span class='bible'><I>v.<\/I><\/span><span class='bible'> 12<\/span>), but God was sanctified in them; for he will not be a loser in his honour by any man. If he be not glorified by us, he will be glorified upon us.<\/P> <\/p>\n<h4 align='right'><i><b>Fuente: Matthew Henry&#8217;s Whole Bible Commentary<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n<p style='margin-left:5.33em'><strong>NUMBERS &#8211; CHAPTER TWENTY<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Verses l-6:<\/p>\n<p><strong>The setting: <\/strong>the &#8220;desert of Zin,&#8221; the region near the border of Canaan (Nu 13:21), bordered by Edom on the east, and the wilderness of Paran on the south. This is not the same as the &#8220;wilderness of Sin,&#8221; the two terms being quite different in the Hebrew text. Kadesh-Barnea was included in this region.<\/p>\n<p>The &#8220;first month,&#8221; Abib or Nisan, corresponding to March-April in today&#8217;s calendar. This was the time of the beginning of the barley harvest.<\/p>\n<p>A comparison of Nu 14:33; 33:38 shows that this was at the beginning of the fortieth and final year of Israel&#8217;s trek from Egypt to Palestine.<\/p>\n<p>This assembly was in the same area that Israel had camped thirty-eight years earlier, and from which they had turned back in unbelief from the opportunity to enter the Land. This illustrates an important spiritual principle: one must return in repentance to where he has departed from God before he can resume his journey of the Christian life.<\/p>\n<p><strong>It was at Israel&#8217;s second camp at Kadesh <\/strong>that Miriam died and was buried. <strong>Only Moses, Aaron, Joshua, and Caleb remained of the &#8220;old guard,&#8221; after the death of Miriam. <\/strong>The new generation who had grown up in the wilderness had not experienced first-hand the mighty miracles of deliverance from Egypt, nor the solemn giving of the Law from Sinai. They had only heard of these things from their fathers.<\/p>\n<p>One thing the new generation had in common with the old was a tendency to complain and murmur! The pattern of rebellion which their fathers had set had become ingrained in them, and they repeated many of the same complaints their fathers had expressed before them, see Ex 15:23-26; 16:2, 3; 17:1-7; Nu 14:1-5, et. al.<\/p>\n<p>The people complained that the land was unsuitable for agriculture, and that there was no water for their needs.<\/p>\n<p>A wise man once said, &#8220;They who will not learn from the mistakes of history are doomed to repeat them.&#8221; This was the case with Israel&#8217;s generation which returned to Kadesh.<\/p>\n<p><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<h4 align='right'><i><b>Fuente: Garner-Howes Baptist Commentary<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n<p> 1.  Then came the children of Israel.  In the twenty-third chapter of this book many intermediate stations are mentioned, which are not here referred to: perhaps because, from the time that God compelled them to draw back,  they  had made no advance for thirty whole years, but had wandered about by circuitous paths. In connecting the history, therefore, in this place he relates that they passed from the desert of Paran to the desert of Sin; because they then began to direct their journey straight towards the land of Canaan, and to advance more closely to it, so as at length to conclude their wanderings. When he tells us that Miriam died here, we may infer from hence that her life was greatly prolonged. It is probable that she was a girl of ten or twelve years of age, when Moses was born, since she was able to provide adroitly for his safety, (<span class='bible'>Exo 2:4<\/span>\ud83d\ude09 for although her name is not actually given, yet it may be reasonably supposed that she was the person who fetched her mother to nurse the child that had been exposed. She reached the age, then, of about 130 years,  (107) an unusual length of life, and especially for a woman. <\/p>\n<p>  (107) &#8220;Ainsi elle a passe six vingts ans;&#8221; thus she was more than six-score years of age. &#8212;  Fr.  <\/p>\n<h4 align='right'><i><b>Fuente: Calvin&#8217;s Complete Commentary<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n<p> <strong>THE CRISIS OF KADESH.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Chapters 20-21.<\/p>\n<p>Kadesh was to Israel the crisis. At that point the question was up for settlement, Shall we go forward or backward; shall we act upon the command of the brave, or upon the report of the cowardly; shall we compass the Land of Promise, or turn again to the desert; shall we conform to the Divine appointments, or shall we consult the flesh and fears?<\/p>\n<p>Upon the answer to these questions certain results depend.<\/p>\n<p><strong>If they go forward, rest; if backward, restlessness.<\/strong> It is hard to conceive of greater restlessness than that which followed upon their return wilderness-ward. That generation was like the dove that was sent from the ark, finding no rest for the sole of their feet. Today they may come upon a grateful shade, even to some well-watered oasis, and strike their tents and say, Here we will remain. But God would not have it so. Tomorrow the pillar of cloud will lift and they must pull up the last stake, <em>For they were not as yet come to the rest and to the inheritance which the Lord their God had given them (<span class='bible'><em>Deu 12:9<\/em><\/span><\/em>).<\/p>\n<p>What a picture this, of the people who come in their experience to the point of conscious appreciation of the Divine will, and stop there to debate whether they will do it or no! That is the crisis in Christian experience. To go forward then is to come into the peace of God that passeth knowledge; to go backward is to fall upon that experience of restlessness which characterizes every unsubmissive, unsurrendered soul. Not a few of the nervous disorders that undermine the bodies and brains of men come as a direct consequence of unsurrendered spirits. No less an authority than the eminent German physician Dr. Billsinger, said, A true religious condition is of inestimable value to patients suffering from nervous disorders. The <em>sine qua non<\/em> of physical and spiritual power is to be at peace with God.<\/p>\n<p><strong>If they went forward, possession; if backward, poverty.<\/strong> If one would know what possessions were ahead of them, let him read that part of the report of the cowardly spies which refers to the lands and the fruits thereof. <em>We came unto the land whither thou sentest us, and surely it floweth with milk and honey.<\/em> This is the fruit of it (the branches with one cluster of grapes requiring two men to bear it, beside the pomegranates and the figs). If one would know what poverty is in the wilderness, turn to this expression, <em>There was no water for the congregation;<\/em> and to this, <em>It is no place of seed, or of figs, or of vines, or of pomegranates (<span class='bible'><em>Num 20:5<\/em><\/span><\/em><em>).<\/em> Who is to blame? Is it the fault of that God whose finger pointed Canaan-ward and whose rain and sunshine had ripened for the people all manner of fruits? Is it the fault of Moses who would gladly have led them in, conquering and to conquer? Is it the fault of Joshua and Caleb who said, <em>Let us go up at once and possess it, for we are well able to overcome it? <\/em>or, is it the fault of the people who deliberately chose wilderness life against Canaan inheritance? Men sometimes complain that their souls are unfed; that they are parched and thirsty. Who is to blame? Is it that God who hath opened a fountain in the House of David, and who hath prepared the fruits of the Spirit? Is it that minister who has called attention to them, reminding us that they are Gods provision in our behalf, included in His gracious promise to us? Is it the fault of that Christian who has gone into Canaan himself and tasted the fruits thereof and returned to his brethren to plead with them to come with him into the same unspeakable possessions and the same satisfactory experiences?<\/p>\n<p>Perhaps there are few classes of men in the world more ragged and poor than those called gypsies. They have no abiding place; theirs is a nomadic existence, and in consequence they accumulate no riches and seldom enjoy even a single comfort. The utmost that they know is a momentary gratification of the flesh. Types they are of the roving spirits who never settle down upon a single promise of the Word to claim it as their own; men and women who have left Egypt, but who cannot be induced to enter Canaan; who have lost the leeks and the onions and stopped short of the grapes of Eshcol! Familiar they are with the struggle of the seventh chapter of Romans, but ignorant of the freedom and fruitfulness of the eighth. One of the most pathetic parables of the New Testament is that of the barren fig tree. What a disappointment to the gardener! What a cumberer of the ground! And when that parable is wrought out in the life of the man upon whom the Lord has bestowed much labor, and in whom are found none of the fruits of the Spirit, such as <em>love, joy, peace, long suffering, gentleness, goodness, faith, meekness, temperance,<\/em> how his poverty must pain the great heart of God!<\/p>\n<p>To speak further of the great crisis of Kadesh we call attention to the fact that <strong>to go forward is success; to go backward is suffering.<\/strong> To have gone over into Canaan would have been to have seen the very giants go down before them; to turn again to the desert of Zin was to feel the serpents tooth. C. H. Macintosh says, If the Lords people will not walk happily and contentedly with him, they must taste the power of the serpent. There is an impression abroad that Christians will come into judgment at the last day; but let it be remembered that that day contains for Gods people nothing than reward. Whatever of the serpents tooth these must feel is the lot of life in the flesh. But, while it is a fact that when Israel murmured, the serpent was the answer; when Israel realized her sin and confessed, Gods grace was the reply.<\/p>\n<p>The next suggestion of importance in this study is the record of<\/p>\n<h4 align='right'><i><b>Fuente: The Bible of the Expositor and the Evangelist by Riley<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n<p>CRITICAL AND EXPLANATORY NOTES<\/p>\n<p>We now enter upon the narrative of the third and last stage of the journey of Israel from Sinai to the Promised Land: this narrative is given in this and the following chapter. This part of the journey commenced at Kadesh, was continued round the land of Edom (<span class='bible'>Num. 21:4<\/span>), and ended at the heights of Pisgah, in the country, or fields of Moab (<span class='bible'>Num. 21:20<\/span>), near the Dead Sea and the Jordan. The events of the Journey seem to be arranged rather in a classified order than in one that is strictly chronological. Thus the attack upon Israel by the Canaanitish king of Arad (<span class='bible'>Num. 21:1-3<\/span>) was made during the march from Kadesh to Mount Hor. Chronologically Keil and Del. would place the brief narrative between the first and second clause of <span class='bible'>Num. 20:22<\/span> of chap. 20.<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>Num. 20:1<\/span>. <em>The whole congregation<\/em>. Probably during the time of their penal wanderings, nearly thirty-eight years, the congregation was to some extent broken up and scattered abroad in the wilderness of Paran, so as to facilitate the pasturage of the flocks and herds. Now the whole congregation again assembles in the same locality where the sentence of the wandering had been passed upon them.<\/p>\n<p><em>The desert of Zin<\/em> (see notes on chaps. <span class='bible'>Num. 12:16<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Num. 13:21<\/span>).<\/p>\n<p><em>In the first month<\/em>, of the fortieth year from the Exodus (comp. <span class='bible'>Num. 20:22-28<\/span> with <span class='bible'>Num. 33:38<\/span>).<\/p>\n<p><em>Kadesh<\/em> (see notes on <span class='bible'>Num. 13:26<\/span>).<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>Num. 20:3<\/span>. <em>When our brethren died before the Lord<\/em>. It is uncertain to what deaths they refer. Knobel supposes that the reference is to Korah and his company. Keil and Del. say that the reference is to those who had died one by one during the thirty-seven years.<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>Num. 20:6<\/span>. <em>They fell upon their faces<\/em> (comp. chaps, <span class='bible'>Num. 14:5<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Num. 16:4<\/span>).<\/p>\n<p><em>The glory of the Lord appeared unto them<\/em> (comp. chaps. <span class='bible'>Num. 14:10<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Num. 16:19<\/span>).<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>Num. 20:8<\/span>. <em>Take the rod<\/em>. Not the budding rod of <span class='bible'>Num. 17:7<\/span>, but that with which the miracles in Egypt had been wrought, and which had been used on a similar occasion at Rephidim, <span class='bible'>Exo. 17:5<\/span>, sqq.<em>Speakers Comm<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><em>The rock<\/em>. The word always used for the rock of Kadesh, in describing the second supply of water, is <em>sela<\/em> or <em>cliff<\/em>, in contradistinction to the usual word <em>tzur<\/em><em>rock,<\/em> which is no less invariably applied to the rock of Horebthe scene of the first supply. It may be difficult to determine the relative meaning of the two words. But it is almost certain that of the two, <em>sela,<\/em> like our word <em>cliff<\/em>, is the grander and more abrupt feature.<em>Stanley. Sinai and Pal<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><em>The rock before their eyes<\/em>. To the first rock in front of them, and standing in their sight. <em>M. Nachmanides<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>Num. 20:9<\/span>. <em>Moses took the rod from before the Lord<\/em>. The rod seems to have been laid up in the sanctuary, hence it is said to be taken from before the Lord.<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>Num. 20:10-11<\/span>. This miraculous supply of water from the cliff is different from that from the rock (<span class='bible'>Exo. 17:1-7<\/span>). The first happened in the first year of the journey of the Israelites out of Egypt; this, when their journey was about to terminate, thirty-nine years after their departure. The first was an occasion to Moses of obeying punctually the orders of God; this is narrated as a sorrowful period, in which this legislator lost sight of the great motives which ought to have induced him to believe what God had spoken. The first happened in the desert of Sin on the mountain of Horeb; this in the desert of Zin on the frontier of Idumea.<em>Saurin<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>Num. 20:10<\/span>. <em>Hear now, ye rebels<\/em>, &amp;c. (comp. <span class='bible'>Psa. 106:33<\/span>).<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>Num. 20:12<\/span>. <em>Because ye believed Me not<\/em>, &amp;c. What was the offence for which Moses was excluded from the Promised Land? It appears to have consisted in some or all of the following particulars: <\/p>\n<p>1. God had commanded him (<span class='bible'>Num. 20:8<\/span>) <em>to take the rod in his hand, and go and<\/em> SPEAK TO THE ROCK, <em>and it should give forth water<\/em>. It seems Moses did not think <em>speaking<\/em> would be sufficient, therefore he <em>smote<\/em> the rock without any command so to do. <\/p>\n<p>2. He did this <em>twice<\/em>, which certainly in this case indicated a great perturbation of spirit, and want of attention to the presence of God. <\/p>\n<p>3. He permitted his spirit to be carried away by a sense of the peoples disobedience, and thus, being <em>provoked<\/em>, he was led to <em>speak unadvisedly with his lips: Hear now, ye<\/em> REBELS (<span class='bible'>Num. 20:10<\/span>). <\/p>\n<p>4. He did not acknowledge GOD in the miracle which was about to be wrought, but took the honour to himself and Aaron: <em>Must<\/em> WE <em>fetch you water out of this rock?<\/em> Thus it plainly appears that they did not properly <em>believe<\/em> in God and did not <em>honour<\/em> Him in the sight of the people; for in their presence they seem to express a doubt whether the thing could be possibly done. As Aaron appears to have been consenting in the above particulars, therefore he is also excluded from the Promised Land.<em>A. Clarke, LL.D<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>Num. 20:13<\/span>. <em>Meribah, i.e<\/em>., strife. In <span class='bible'>Num. 27:14<\/span>, it is spoken of as Meribah in Kadesh, to distinguish it from Meribah in Horeb (<span class='bible'>Exo. 17:7<\/span>).<\/p>\n<p><em>He was sanctified in them<\/em>. He vindicated His own sanctity by putting to shame the unbelieving murmuring of the people by the miraculous supply of water, and by punishing Moses and Aaron for their unbelief.<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>Num. 20:14<\/span>. <em>Thy brother Israel<\/em>. The Edomites were descendants of Esau, the twin brother of Jacob or Israel.<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>Num. 20:16<\/span>. <em>Sent an angel<\/em>. Cf. <span class='bible'>Exo. 14:19<\/span>. The term is to be understood as importing generally the supernatural guidance under which Israel was.<em>Speakers Comm<\/em>. Knobel interprets it as signifying the pillar of cloud and fire. In it was present <em>the angel of God<\/em> (<span class='bible'>Exo. 14:19<\/span>), <em>i.e<\/em>., the Divine presence, personally; in it appeared <em>the glory of Jehovah<\/em> (<span class='bible'>Exo. 16:10<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Exo. 40:34<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Num. 16:42<\/span>). It was an elementary appearance, made use of by Him who appointed and rules the elements, to signify to His people His immediate presence and guardianship.<em>Alford<\/em> on <span class='bible'>Exo. 13:21<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><em>Kadesh, a city, i.e.<\/em>, Kadesh-barnea (<span class='bible'>Num. 32:8<\/span>). It is probable that Barnea was the older or original name of the town, and that it was called Kadesh because of the events which took place there, and are recorded in chaps. <span class='bible'>Num. 13:26-33<\/span>, or of those which are recorded in this chapter (<span class='bible'>Num. 20:7-13<\/span>), and that in those instances in which we find the name Kadesh in earlier portions of Scripture history it is applied proleptically, or by anticipation. The nearest approximation which can be given to a site for the city of Kadesh, may be probably attained by drawing a circle from the pass <em>Es-Sufa<\/em>, at the radius of about a days journey; its south-western quadrant would intersect the wilderness of Paran, or <em>Et-Tih<\/em>, which is there overhung by the superimposed plateau of the mountain of the Amorites; while its south-eastern one will cross what has been designated as the wilderness of Zin. This seems to satisfy all the conditions of the passages of Genesis, Numbers, and Deuteronomy, which refer to it. The nearest site in harmony with this view which has yet been suggested (Robinson, 2:175), is undoubtedly the <em>Ain el-Weibeh<\/em>.<em>Biblical Dict<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>Num. 20:17<\/span>. <em>Let us pass through thy country<\/em>. The entrance to Canaan from the South was very difficult by reason of the intervening mountains. which were lofty and steep. Moses, therefore, proposed to enter it from the east, across the Jordan. In order to gain the banks of the Jordan by the shortest route they had to march nearly due east from Kadesh, and pass through the heart of the Edomitish mountains. These are lofty and precipitous, traversed by two or three narrow defiles, of which one (the <em>Wady Ghuweir<\/em>) only is practicable for an army. Hence the necessity of the request, <span class='bible'>Num. 5:17<\/span>.<em>Speakers Comm. Ain el-Weibeh<\/em> is nearly opposite the <em>Wady Ghuweir<\/em>, the great opening into the steep eastern wall of the Arabah, and, therefore, the most probable highway by which to pass through the border of Edom.<em>Biblical Dict<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><em>The Kings high way<\/em>. Heb. the Kings way, <em>i.e.<\/em>, the public high road. which was probably made at the cost of the state, and kept up for the king and his armies to travel upon, and is synonymous with the sultans road (<em>Derb es Sultan<\/em>) or emperors road, as the open, broad, old military roads are still called in the East.<em>Keil<\/em> and <em>Del.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>Num. 20:19<\/span>. <em>I will only, without<\/em>, &amp;c. Heb. <em>lit. it is nothing at all; I will go through with my feet: i.e.<\/em>, we want no great thing; we will only make use of the high road.<em>Ibid<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>Num. 20:20<\/span>. <em>And Edom came out against him<\/em>. The Israelites without awaiting at Kadesh the return of their ambassadors, commenced their eastward march. At the tidings of their approach the Edomites mustered their forces to oppose them; and on crossing the Arabah they found their ascent through the mountains barred. The notice of this is inserted here to complete the narrative; but in order of time it comes after the march of <span class='bible'>Num. 5:22<\/span>.<em>Speakers Comm<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>Num. 20:22<\/span>. <em>Mount Hor<\/em>. Heb. lit. Hor the mountain.  <em>Hor<\/em>, is an old form for , <em>Har.Fuerst.<\/em> So that the meaning of the name is simply the mountain of mountains. It is one of the very few spots connected with the wanderings of the Israelites which admits of no reasonable doubt. The proofs of the identity of <em>Jebel Harn<\/em>, as it is now called, with Mount Hor, are<\/p>\n<p>(1) The situation by the coast of the land of Edom, where it is emphatically the mountain (Hor) <span class='bible'>Num. 20:23<\/span>. <\/p>\n<p>(2) The statement of Josephus (Ant. IV. iv. 7), that Aarons death occurred on a high mountain enclosing Petra. <br \/>(3) The modern name and traditional sanctity of the mountain as connected with Aarons tomb. The mountain is marked far and near by its double top, which rises like a huge castellated building from a lower base, and on one of these is the Mahometan chapel erected out of the remains of some earlier and more sumptuous building over the supposed grave.<em>Stanley. Sinai<\/em> and <em>Pal<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>It is almost unnecessary to state that it is situated on the eastern side of the great valley of the <em>Arabah<\/em>, the highest and most conspicuous of the whole range of the sandstone mountains of Edom, having close beneath it on its eastern sidethough strange to say the two are not visible to each otherthe mysterious city of Petra. Its height, according to the latest measurement, is 4800 feet (Eng.) above the Mediterranean, that is to say, about 1700 feet above the town of Petra, 4000 above the level of the <em>Arabah<\/em>, and more than 6000 above the Dead Sea.<em>Biblical Dict<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>Num. 20:26<\/span>. <em>Strip Aaron of his garments<\/em> (comp. <span class='bible'>Lev. 8:7-9<\/span>).<\/p>\n<p>THE DEATH OF MIRIAM<\/p>\n<p>(<em><span class='bible'>Num. 20:1<\/span><\/em>)<\/p>\n<p>Two preliminary points are suggested by the assembling of the whole congregation in the desert of Zin:<br \/>First: <em>The loss that sin inflicts upon a people<\/em>. After nearly thirty-eight years the entire nation is congregated in the place where the sentence of penal wandering had been passed upon them. For all these years the sin of the rebellious people arrested their national history. Sin, whether in the individual or the nation, checks progress, and inflicts loss and injury.<\/p>\n<p>Second: <em>The control of God over human history<\/em>. When the time fixed in the Divine purposes for the re-assembling of the people arrives, they again gather themselves together. The hand of the Lord is on the affairs of men, directing, restraining, overruling them for good. His counsel shall stand, and He will do all His pleasure.<\/p>\n<p>The death of Miriam suggests the following observations<\/p>\n<p><strong>I. Death terminates the most protracted life.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Assuming that Miriam was 10 or 12 years old when Moses was born (and her conduct as watcher over her infant brother [<span class='bible'>Exo. 3:4-8<\/span>] indicates that she was of fully that age), she must have been at the time of her death 130 years old. Hers was a long life; but death closed it. He whose life-pilgrimage is longest, reaches the end of his journey at last Yea, though he live a thousand years twice told: do not all go to one place? <em>(a)<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>II. Death terminates the most eventful life.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Very eventful had been the life of Miriam.<\/p>\n<p>1. <em>The girl watching over the life of her infant brother<\/em> (<span class='bible'>Exo. 3:4-8<\/span>). When we reflect upon the destiny marked out for her brother by God, how important was her duty at that time!<\/p>\n<p>2. <em>The experienced woman sharing in the interest and action of the stirring events which led to the great emancipation from Egypt<\/em>. It appears to us a moral certainty that those events awakened her deep interest and aroused her to earnest effort.<\/p>\n<p>3. <em>The prophetess leading the exultant songs and dances of a triumphant people<\/em> (<span class='bible'>Exo. 15:20-21<\/span>).<\/p>\n<p>4. <em>The envious woman aspiring after equality with, and speaking against her greater brother<\/em> (<span class='bible'>Num. 12:1-2<\/span>). She was of a noble nature, yet she was capable of meanness, detraction, &amp;c. Here is the blot upon her otherwise fair reputation.<\/p>\n<p>5. <em>The guilty woman smitten with leprosy because of the sin<\/em> (<span class='bible'>Num. 12:9-10<\/span>). Her distinguished position and gifts could not avert from her the just punishment of her sin.<\/p>\n<p>6. <em>The leprous woman healed in answer to the prayer of the brother whom she had spoken against<\/em> (<span class='bible'>Num. 12:13-15<\/span>). The most stirring and eventful life is closed by death, as well as the quiet and monotonous one.<\/p>\n<p><strong>III. Death terminates the most distinguished life.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1. <em>Miriam was distinguished by her gifts<\/em>. Prophetic gifts are ascribed to her. Miriam, the prophetess, is her acknowledged title (<span class='bible'>Exo. 15:20<\/span>). The prophetic power showed itself in her under the same form as that which it assumed in the days of Samuel and Davidpoetry, accompanied with music and processions (comp. <span class='bible'>Exo. 15:20-21<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Judges 5<\/span>; <span class='bible'>1Sa. 10:5<\/span>). Death spares not even the most richly gifted of our race. <em>(b)<\/em><\/p>\n<p>2. <em>Miriam was distinguished by her position<\/em>. A very high position is given to her in the Sacred Scriptures. In <span class='bible'>Mic. 6:4<\/span>, she is spoken of as one of the three deliverers of the enslaved people: I sent before thee Moses, Aaron, and Miriam. How grand was her position is implied in the cry of anguish which goes up from both her brothers when she was smitten with leprosy. Alas, my lord! Let her not be as one dead, &amp;c. (<span class='bible'>Num. 13:11-13<\/span>). And it is not less evident in the silent grief of the nation. The people journeyed not till Miriam was brought in again. It is manifest also in the national mourning on account of her death; for, according to Josephus (Ant. IV. iv. 6), they mourned for her thirty days. Death brings down persons of the most exalted rank, and lays them low as those of the meanest station (comp. <span class='bible'>Job. 3:13-19<\/span>). <em>(c)<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>IV. Death, by reason of sin, sometimes terminates life earlier than it otherwise would have done.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Miriam was not of the faithful few who entered the Promised Land. She sinned in murmuring and speaking against Moses; and, therefore, she must die and find a lonely grave in the desert of Zin. How many lives are cut short in our day by violation of sanitary laws, by gluttony, and by drunkenness!<\/p>\n<p><strong>V. Death sometimes terminates life with suggestions of a life beyond.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>It was so in the case of Miriam. Can we think that the gifts with which she was so richly endowed, and the treasures of experience which in her long and eventful life she had gathered, were all lost at death? This would be in utter opposition to the analogy of the Divine arrangements in the universe. In nature we can trace no sign of waste; the most scrupulous economy may be observed in all the provinces of the material realm. Can we imagine that, under the rule of the same Divine Being, there exists in the spiritual realm such waste as would be involved in the extinction of those who are gifted in mind, ripe in experience, and holy in character? The Israelites did not leave Miriam in the desert of Zin: her body only remained there; her spirit, herself, passed swiftly to the great and glorious fellowship of the good beyond the vail. <em>(d)<\/em><\/p>\n<p>The dead are like the stars by day,<\/p>\n<p>Withdrawn from mortal eye;<\/p>\n<p>But not extinct, they hold their way<\/p>\n<p>In glory through the sky.<\/p>\n<p>Spirits from bondage thus set free<br \/>Vanish amidst immensity,<br \/>Where human thought, like human sight,<br \/>Fails to pursue their trackless flight.<\/p>\n<p>Conclusion.<\/p>\n<p>Since death is inevitable, it is the duty and interest of every one so to live that it shall be the door of admission into endless and blessed life. <em>(e)<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>ILLUSTRATIONS<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(a)<\/em> All forms recipient of life die sometime. Some few may be privileged to survive the rest, even for thousands of years, as happens with certain trees, but the same death which in regard to the children of men, while it surprises many, skips not one, at last overpowers the most tenacious. Come like shadows, so depart, is the law of the entire material creation,in fact, as great a law as that it <em>lives<\/em>. Birth, growth, and arriving at maturity, as completely imply decay and death as the source of a river implies the termination of it, or as spring and summer imply cornfields and reaping. Hence, whatever the vigour and the powers of repair that may pertain to any given structure, whatever resistance it may offer to the shocks of Ages, Time, sooner or later, dissolves it;careful, however, to renew whatever it takes away, and to convert, invariably, every end into a new beginning. There is not a grave in the whole circuit of nature that is not at the same moment a cradle.<em>L. H. Grindon<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><em>(b)<\/em> Take up the learned mans skull, and what is the difference between that and the skull of the merest pauper that scarcely knew his letters? Brown, impalpable powder, they both crumble down into the same elements. To die in a respectable position, what is the use of it? What are a few more plumes on the hearse, or a longer line of mourning coaches? Will these ease the miseries of Tophet? Ah! friends, you have to die. Why not make ready for the inevitable? Oh! if men were wise, they would see that all earths joys are just like the bubbles which our children blow with soap; they glitter and they shine, and then they are gone, and there is not even a wreck left behind.<em>C. H. Spurgeon<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><em>(c)<\/em> Death comes equally to us all, and makes us alt equal when it comes. The ashes of an oak in a chimney are no epitaph of that, to tell me how high, or how large that was; it tells me not what flocks it sheltered while it stood, nor what men it hurt when it fell. The dust of great persons graves is speechless too; it says nothing, it distinguishes nothing. As soon the dust of a wretch whom thou wouldest not, as of a prince whom thou couldest not look upon, will trouble thine eyes if the wind blow It thither; and when a whirlwind hath blown the dust of the churchyard into the church, and the man sweeps out the dust of the church into the churchyard, who will undertake to sift those dusts again, and to pronounce, This is the patrician, this is the noble flour, and this the yeoman, this the plebeian bran?<em>Dr. J. Donne<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><em>(d)<\/em> We notice frequently over cemetery gates, as an emblematic device, a torch turned over, ready to be quenched. Ah! my brethren, it is not so, the torch of our life burns the better, and blazes the brighter for the change of death. The breaking of the pitcher which now surrounds the lamp and conceals the glory will permit our inner life to reveal its lofty nature, and ere long even the pitcher shall be so remodelled as to become an aid to that light; its present breaking is but preparatory to its future refashioning. It is a blessed thought that the part of us which must most sadly feel the mortal stroke is secured beyond all fear from permanent destruction. We know that this very body, though it moulders into dust, shall live again; these weeping eyes shall have all tears wiped from them; these hands which grasp to-day the sword of conflict shall wave the palm-branch of triumph.<em>C. H. Spurgeon<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Because I live, ye shall live also. That is the end of trouble. Now sorrow is crowned with hope! Now the gate is thrown open! Now the angel sits upon the stone! Now the emergent Christ walks forth, light and glorious as the sun in the heavens! Now the lost is found! Now all the stars hang like gems, and jewels, and treasures for us! Now, since Christ says that out of all these experiences He shall bring forth life, even as his own life was brought forth out of the tomb, what is there that we need trouble ourselves about?<em>H. W. Beecher<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><em>(e)<\/em> We shall all die! Do not let us post pone the intimation of our need of the Son of God until we are so faint that we can only receive him at the side of our death-bed. Do let us be more decent, more courteous, more civil. We shall all die! That is a fact that men have never been able to reason out of human history. If they could come to me and say, We will guarantee you shall never die, you shall always be as you areyoung, and strong, and active, and prosperous, then I might incline an ear to their reasonings more deferentially than I am disposed to do at present. But when they are talking to me against religion and against the deeper life, against faith and spiritual love and service of the unseen, what do I behold? Oh, this: Over their shoulder a grim, ghastly spectre alled <em>Death!Joseph Parker, D.D<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Be ready, minister, see to it that thy church be in good order, for the grave shall soon be digged for thee; be ready, parent, see that your children are brought up in the fear of God, for they must soon be orphans; be ready, men of business, you that are busy in the world, see that your affairs are correct, see that you serve God with all your heart, for the days of your terrestrial service will soon be ended, and you will be called to give account for the deeds done in the body, whether they be good or whether they be evil. O may we all prepare for the tribunal of the great King with a care which shall be rewarded with the commendation, Well done, good and faithful servant.<em>C. H. Spurgeon<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>THE PRIVATIONS OF MAN AND THE RESOURCES OF GOD<\/p>\n<p>(<em><span class='bible'>Num. 20:2-11<\/span><\/em>)<\/p>\n<p><strong>I. There are privations in the pilgrimage of human life.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>And there was no water for the congregation. Man is a dependent creature. Every human being has to endure privation in some form or another. Even the wealthiest of men find that there are some desirable things which wealth cannot purchase. But in the case before us the Israelites were suffering from want, not of the luxuries or comforts of life, but of one of its great necessities: there was a great lack of water. In our pilgrimage we are often without things which we have regarded as essential to our life. One man thinks that without <em>health<\/em> his life would be worthless; yet he has to submit to its loss for a time. To another man <em>prosperity<\/em> seems essential; to another, <em>friendship<\/em>, or some one <em>friend<\/em> or <em>relative;<\/em> yet of these they are sometimes deprived. Life, in our view, has many privations. This characteristic of our pilgrimage is for wise and gracious ends. Privation should remind us that we are pilgrimsincite us to confide in Godand discipline our spirits into patience and power.<\/p>\n<p><strong>II. The privations in the pilgrimage of life sometimes develop the evil tendencies of human nature.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>And they gathered themselves together against Moses and against Aaron. And the people chode with Moses, &amp;c. (<span class='bible'>Num. 20:2-5<\/span>). Here privation is made the occasion of an outrageous rebellion. The conduct of the people was<\/p>\n<p>1. <em>Unreasonable<\/em>. Why should they blame Moses and Aaron? Why chide Moses? He was not responsible for the lack of water. And as their leader, he was acting under Divine direction. It was neither reasonable nor fair to assail Moses and Aaron as they did.<\/p>\n<p>2. <em>Cruel<\/em>. Moses and Aaron are of sorrowful heart because of the death of their distinguished sister; they need sympathy and consolation from the people; but instead thereof, they are unjustly and bitterly assailed. The feelings of our common humanity should have effectually restrained the people from treating their bereaved and sorrowing leaders after this fashion.<\/p>\n<p>3. <em>Ungrateful<\/em>. The many and great mercies which God had bestowed upon them seem to be all and utterly lost sight of in their present trial. Not one word of thankfulness, but many words of complaint do they give utterance to. <em>(a)<\/em><\/p>\n<p>4. <em>Degraded<\/em>. Wherefore have ye made us to come up out of Egypt, to bring us unto this evil place? It is no place of seed, or of figs, &amp;c. How unspeakably mournful is the degradation of manhood when human beings estimate figs more highly than freedom! They prefer slavery with figs and vines and pomegranates than liberty without them. Such a preference indicates their lack of true manhood, and the serfdom of their spirits. <em>(b)<\/em><\/p>\n<p>5. <em>Audaciously wicked<\/em>. How awful is the impiety to which they gave expression in their insolent interrogations! To wish that they had died by the stroke of Gods judgment (<span class='bible'>Num. 20:3<\/span>); to falsely impute the wickedest design to their true-hearted and God-appointed leader (<span class='bible'>Num. 20:4<\/span>); to resent the emancipation which the Lord so graciously and gloriously wrought for them (<span class='bible'>Num. 20:5<\/span>)how atrociously wicked is all this!<\/p>\n<p>The trials of life never leave us as they find us. Unless they, by the grace of God, are the occasion of blessing to us, they will lead, as in the case of these rebellious Israelites, to deterioration of character by the development of its evil attributes. They will lead either to increased patience and acquiescence in the will of God, or to increased fretfulness and rebellion against His will, &amp;c. <em>(c)<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>III. The privations in the pilgrimage of life, and the evils which are sometimes occasioned by them, impel the good to seek help of God.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>And Moses and Aaron went from the presence of the assembly unto the door of the tabernacle of the congregation, and they fell upon their faces. In their trial they betook themselves to God in prayer. Their action in this is very suggestive. It implies<\/p>\n<p>1. <em>Consciousness of need<\/em>. They felt their inability to deal with the disaffected and rebellious people; they sought the direction of Heaven, &amp;c.<\/p>\n<p>2. <em>Faith in the sufficiency of the Divine help<\/em>. The promptitude with which they resorted to the tabernacle, and cast themselves down in prayer to God, indicates their confidence in Him as their Helper. They believed in His wisdom for their guidance, &amp;c.<\/p>\n<p>3. <em>Faith in the efficacy of prayer to obtain the Divine help<\/em>. Moses and Aaron had proved convincingly the power of prayer on several occasions. Ask, and it shall be given you, &amp;c.<\/p>\n<p>4. <em>Faith in the efficacy of unspoken prayer<\/em>. There is no record of any words addressed by them to God. The probability is, that their feelings and desires were too deep and strong to be expressed in words. There may be true and effective prayer without speech. The holiest and profoundest longings of our souls cannot be expressed. In this respect they resemble the prayers of the Divine Spirit who maketh intercession for us with groanings which cannot be uttered. Here, then, at the throne of Divine grace, is the refuge of the godly soul in time of trial. This refuge is <\/p>\n<p>(1) ever-accessible; <br \/>(2) all-sufficient, &amp;c.<\/p>\n<p><strong>IV. The privations in the pilgrimage of life are sometimes removed in answer to the prayer of the good.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>And the glory of the Lord appeared unto them, and the Lord spake unto Moses, saying, Take the rod, &amp;c. (<span class='bible'>Num. 20:6-11<\/span>). Thus in answer to the prayer of Moses and Aaron, the privation of the people was removed by this copious supply of water. Concerning this supply of water, notice<\/p>\n<p>1. It was <em>Divine<\/em>. In a special sense it was the gift of God. Before it was given His glory appeared; He directed His servant what to do to obtain it; He bestowed it.<\/p>\n<p>2. It was <em>miraculous<\/em>. Speaking to a cliff, or smiting it with a rod, were not natural means for obtaining water. But this water was supernaturally given. The miracle was manifest and indisputable. It was wrought in the presence of the assembled people. Spiritual blessings transcend nature. Redemption is supernatural in its origin, supernatural in its great Agent, &amp;c.<\/p>\n<p>3. It was <em>unmerited<\/em>. This murmuring, rebellious congregation did not deserve any benefit at the hand of God. He blessed them because He is rich in mercy. Mankind did not merit redemption. God commendeth His love toward us, in that, while we were yet sinners, Christ died for us. How great are our demerits! yet God blesses us with the treasures of His grace, &amp;c.<\/p>\n<p>4. It was <em>abundant<\/em>. The water came out abundantly, and the congregation drank, and their beasts. How abundant are spiritual blessings! God abundantly pardons; He makes all grace abound, &amp;c. (<span class='bible'>1Co. 9:8<\/span>; <span class='bible'>1Co. 9:11<\/span>). <em>(d)<\/em><\/p>\n<p>5. It was <em>free<\/em>. The water, without any charge or any restriction, was available to all. An emblem of the blessings of salvation. Ho, every one that thirsteth, &amp;c. (<span class='bible'>Isa. 55:1<\/span>). Whosoever will, let him take the water of life freely. <em>(e)<\/em><\/p>\n<p>6. It was <em>bestowed in answer to prayer<\/em>. Moses and Aaron sought His help in their extremity, and He stilled the rebellious people by removing the privation from which they suffered. And in all the privations of the pilgrimage of our life, if we seek Him in prayer He will either remove the privation, or give us grace to endure it patiently; He will either lighten our burden or increase our strength. His resources are adequate to all the necessities of our pilgrimage. He is ever ready to communicate freely of these resources to all who seek Him.<\/p>\n<p>Am I thirsting? He will guide me<\/p>\n<p>Where refreshing waters flow;<\/p>\n<p>Faint or feeble, Hell provide me<\/p>\n<p>Grace for every want I know.<\/p>\n<p><em>Monsell<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Conclusion.<\/p>\n<p>1. <em>Guard against the sin of which Israel was guilty<\/em>. In time of trial, do not murmur; be patient, &amp;c.<\/p>\n<p>2. <em>Believe in and make use of the efficacy of prayer<\/em>. Call upon Me in the day of trouble, and I will deliver thee, &amp;c.<\/p>\n<p>3. <em>Exercise constant trust in God<\/em>. He hath said, I will never leave thee, nor forsake thee. So that we may boldly say, The Lord is my helper, and I will not fear what man shall do unto me.<\/p>\n<p>Then, my soul, since God doth love thee,<\/p>\n<p>Faint not, droop not, do not fear;<\/p>\n<p>Though His heaven is high above thee,<\/p>\n<p>He Himself is ever near.<\/p>\n<p><em>ILLUSTRATIONS<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(a)<\/em> But we must cease to wonder at them, and learn to confess our own corruption of heart, and proneness to yield and fall down in time of temptation, unless we be stayed up by the mighty hand of God. For albeit He be most gracious and merciful unto us, hedgeth us round about with many blessings, and compasseth us with riches of grace on every side, yet we forget them all if any one cross do any way lie upon us. If the Lord touch us with sickness, as with His little finger; with losses, with crosses, with poverty, or any misery, such is our impatience, that we always dwell upon the meditation of that want, we look upon it with our eyes, we handle it with our hands, we toss it in our minds, and never remember the multitude of His mercies, the peace of a good conscience, the loving countenance of the Lord, the seal of our adoption, the assurance of our salvation, the sweet taste of His love shed in our hearts by the Holy Ghost; so that one trouble doth more daunt us and strike us to the heart than many blessings can comfort and refresh us. But God, taking away outward blessings, giveth spiritual to His children, and doth sweeten the bitterness of the cross with inward consolation, and doth recompense it with heavenly grace, whereby we gain more in the spirit than we lose in the flesh.<em>W. Attersoll<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>I remember in our Baptist martyrology the story of one of the Baptists of Holland escaping from his persecutors. A river was frozen over, and the good man crossed it safely, but his enemy was of greater bulk, and the ice gave way under him. The Baptist, like a child of God as he was, turned round and rescued his persecutor just as he was sinking beneath the ice to a certain death. And what did the wretch do? As soon as ever he was safely on the shore he seized the man who had saved his life, and dragged him off to the prison from which he was only taken to be put to death! We wonder at such inhumanity; we are indignant at such base returnsbut the returns which the ungodly make to God are baser far. I wonder myself as I talk to youI wonder that I speak so calmly on so terribly humbling a theme; and, remembering our past lives, and our long ingratitude to God, I marvel that we do not turn this place into one vast Bochim, or place of weeping, and mingle our tears in a flood, with expressions of deep shame and self-abhorrence for our dealings towards God.<em>C. H. Spurgeon<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><em>(b)<\/em> There are others who seek how much they can call their own, by whatever means; of how much benefit they can hold a monopoly; from how large a place in Gods universe they can keep other men off, and how much envy they can rouse in rivals and neighbours. These have never mastered their baser and greedier instincts, and so far have never known the Divine joy of being blessed for their benefactions, and have never tasted of the peace that passeth understanding. Very often God punishes as by letting us have what we seek.<\/p>\n<p>To the seekers of mere material and selfish comfort, one serious consideration is presented by the progress of history. That kind of search is sinking. Every new day that breaks into the sky degrades it; both because new lights are stationed about it, in our educational and industrial wakefulness, to show its shame, and because the practical tendencies of the time force upon materialism a more and more hard and sottish character. In more imaginative periods, romance threw about idolatry at least the graces of fancy, and made it poetical. Now it is either shrewd or stolid. It is the idolatry of the arithmetic, the stock list, and the palate; not of fable and heroism. The noblest element has vanished. It is bare gluttony. If you are going to worship the animal, then return to the inventions of Egyptian and Grecian geniusthe fair humanities of old religion. Give us back at least the simplicity of fetishism <em>with<\/em> its sensuality. Rebuild the Pantheon. Relight the fires on Pagan altars. Repeople the woods with dryads, and the water with nymphs. Anything rather than the gross surfeit of appetite, and the clinking creed of dollars! And if you cannot do that, take it as a sober hint that Gods providence does not mean to have materialists in the world at all. Seek something worthier of your humanity.<em>F. D. Huntington, D.D<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><em>(c)<\/em> Many men are distressing themselves, when they think of their trials, by imagining that they have done something wrong, or God never could have sent such afflictions to them personally, or to their household. That is a mistake. There are trials that are simply testsnot punishments; trials of faith and patiencenot rods sent to scourge men because they have been doing some particular evil thing. Gods people are tried. Whom the Lord loveth He chasteneth. The honour is not in the trial; it is in the spirit in which the trial is borne. Take the trial impatiently, with murmuring against God, and we shall be the worse for our trial, the poorer for our suffering. Take the trial as a veiled angel sent by our Father to say things to us which no other messenger could so suitably convey, then even the rod shall be precious to us, and the heralds utterances of God shall have music in them that shall comfort, and revive, and cheer the heart.<em>Joseph Parker, D.D<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><em>(d)<\/em> Stand still awhile, and contemplate the abundant mercy of our blessed God! A river deep and broad is before you. Track it to its fountain head, see it welling up in the covenant of grace, in the eternal purposes of infinite wisdom. The secret source is no small spring, no mere bubbling fount; it is a very Geyser, leaping aloft in fulness of power; the springs of the sea are not comparable therewith. Not even an angel could fathom the springs of eternal love, or measure the depths of infinite grace. Follow now the stream; mark it in all its course. See how it widens and deepens, how at the cross foot it expands into a measureless river! Mark how the filthy come and wash, See how each polluted one comes up milk-white from the washing! Note how the dead are brought to be bathed in this sacred stream, and mark how they live the moment they touch its wave. Mark how the sick are laid upon the bank, and if but the spray of the river falls upon them, they are made whole! See how on either bank rich verdure clothes the land! Wheresoever this stream cometh all is life and happiness. Observe along the margin the many trees whose leaves never wither, and whose fruits in season are always brought to maturity; these all draw their life from this flood, and drink from this river of God, which is full of water. Fail not with gladsome eye to note the thousand barques of fairest sail, which scud along the mighty river with colours flying, each vessel laden with joy. Behold how happily they are borne along by the current of mercy to the ocean of infinite felicity! Now we reach the mighty main of mercy, dare you attempt with wings of faith to fly over that glassy sea? No shore gives boundary to that great deep, no voice proclaims its length and breadth, but from its lowest deeps, and all along its unruffled bosom, I hear a voice which saith, Herein is love.<em>C. H. Spurgeon<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>(<em>e<\/em>) Freely, that may be lavishly, ungrudgingly, with fulness and overflow, yet without upbraiding. Or, freely may mean without price or tax, without money as the air is given, without price as the sunlight is poured forth. So freely given to us of God. Why this is most God-like wholly. No good thing doth he withhold from them that walk uprightly. He that spared not His own Son, but delivered Him up for as all, how shall He not with Him also freely give us <em>all<\/em> things,ALL things,ALL things! Not as the world giveth, give I unto you. God giveth to all men liberally, and upbraideth not.<em>Joseph Parker, D.D<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>THE SIN OF MOSES<\/p>\n<p>(<em><span class='bible'>Num. 20:10<\/span><\/em>)<\/p>\n<p>Introduction<br \/>The facts recorded.<\/p>\n<p><strong>I. What there was sinful in Moses.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1. There was disobedience to the Divine command.<br \/>2. There was immoderate heat and passion.<br \/>3. There was unbelief.<br \/>4. It was all publicly done, and so the more dishonouring to God.<\/p>\n<p><strong>II. What we may learn from this tragical story.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1 What a holy and jealous God He is with whom we have to do.<\/p>\n<p>2. The Lords children need not think it strange if they get abundance to exercise that grace in which they most excel.<br \/>3. Let us not be surprised to see or hear the saints failing even in the exercise of that grace wherein they most excel.<br \/>4. Never think yourselves secure from falling till ye be at the end of your race.<br \/>5. What need we have to guard constantly our unruly passions, and put a bridle on our lips.<\/p>\n<p>6. Though God pardons the iniquity of His servant, yet He will take vengeance on their inventions (<span class='bible'>Psa. 99:8<\/span>).<\/p>\n<p>7. If God punishes His children thus for falling into the snare, how shall they escape who lay the snare for them?<br \/>8. Observe the ingenuousness of the penmen of the Holy ScriptureMoses records his own fault.<em>T. Boston<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>THE ROCK AT KADESH, AN EMBLEM OF CHRIST<\/p>\n<p>(<em><span class='bible'>Num. 20:11<\/span><\/em>, <em>and<\/em> <span class='bible'>1Co. 10:4<\/span>, <em>last clause<\/em>.)<\/p>\n<p>Jehovah is frequently spoken of by the Sacred Writers as a Rock (<span class='bible'>Deu. 32:4<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Deu. 32:15<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Deu. 32:31<\/span>; <span class='bible'>1Sa. 2:2<\/span>; <span class='bible'>2Sa. 22:2<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Psa. 18:2<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Psa. 38:1<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Psa. 31:2<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Psa. 42:9<\/span>; <em>et al<\/em>.). And St. Paul, referring to the rock at Horeb, and probably to this one at Kadesh also, says, That Rock was Christ<em>i.e.<\/em>, a type of Christ. <em>This rock is an emblem of Christ<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>I. In its characteristics.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1. <em>Permanence<\/em>. How firm and stable are the rocks! Generations of men come and go; but the grand old cliffs remain. Of all earthly things they are the most abiding. The Son abideth for ever. Christ abideth for ever. He ever liveth to make intercession. I am alive for evermore. Jesus Christ is the sure foundation (<span class='bible'>Isa. 28:16<\/span>; <span class='bible'>1Co. 3:11<\/span>; <span class='bible'>1<\/span><span class='bible'> Corinthians 1<\/span>. Pet. <span class='bible'>Num. 2:6-7<\/span>). <em>(a)<\/em><\/p>\n<p>2. <em>Unchangeableness<\/em>. Geologists tell us of changes even in the rocks; but apparently and to the ordinary observer they are immutable. They are the best symbols on the earth of the unchangeable. How unchangeable is our Lord and Saviour! Jesus Christ the same yesterday, and to-day, and for ever.<\/p>\n<p><strong>II. In the water which flowed from it.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Christianity and its blessings are frequently compared to pure water in the Bible (comp. <span class='bible'>Isa. 55:1<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Joh. 4:14<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Joh. 7:37-38<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Rev. 21:6<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Rev. 22:17<\/span>). There are several points of analogy between this water and Gospel blessings. Both are<\/p>\n<p>1. <em>Necessary<\/em>. Water is essential to life. Spiritual life is impossible apart from Christ (<span class='bible'>1Jn. 5:12<\/span>). <em>(b)<\/em><\/p>\n<p>2. <em>Pure<\/em>. This water was from a cliff, not from a pond: it had been filtered in the hills, and streamed forth pure and bright to the thirsty multitude. The blessings of Christianity are both pure and purifying.<\/p>\n<p>3. <em>Refreshing<\/em>. Mark how water refreshes the parched earth; how it revives the fading, drooping plant or flower; how it re-animates the pilgrim exhausted by thirst. A Man shall be as rivers of water in a dry place. (Comp. <span class='bible'>Isa. 35:6-7<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Isa. 41:18<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Isa. 44:3<\/span>). <em>(c)<\/em><\/p>\n<p>4. <em>Abundant<\/em>. (On this and the following points see on <span class='bible'>Num. 20:2-11<\/span>). <em>(d)<\/em><\/p>\n<p>5. <em>Free<\/em>. <em>(e)<\/em><\/p>\n<p>6. <em>Supernatural<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>7. <em>Divine<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Application.<\/p>\n<p>Ho, every one that thirsteth, come ye to the waters, &amp;c.<\/p>\n<p><em>ILLUSTRATIONS<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(a)<\/em> Here is simple existence, with no note of beginning or end. Our Lord says not, Before Abraham was, I was, but I am. He claims pre-existence indeed, but He does not merely claim pre-existence; He unveils a consciousness of Eternal Being. He speaks as one on Whom time has no effect, and for Whom it has no meaning. He is the I AM of ancient Israel; He knows no past, as He knows no future; He is unbeginning, unending Being; He is the eternal Now.<em>Canon Liddon<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><em>(b)<\/em> Yonder shipwrecked man has constructed a raft, and far out on the wild expanse of pitiless waters he has floated wearily day after day, sighing for a friendly sail or for sight of land; what would he not give for a little water, for water has become the essential of his life; his tongue is like a firebrand, and his mouth is as an oven, and he himself all dried and parched, sighs and cries to heaven, hoping that perhaps a merciful shower may drop refreshment upon Him. Now, Jesus Christ is the water of life, and the bread of life, to such as live unto God. It is absolutely necessary for the continuance of their spiritual life that they should live upon Him; and as they do live upon Him, their thirst is quenched, their hunger is removed, and their spirit rejoices with a joy unspeakable and full of glory. Life and the food that sustaineth life are among the most precious things man can possess, and these are for your souls stored up in Jesus.<em>C. H. Spurgeon<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><em>(c)<\/em> Water typifies the Gospel by its refreshment. How different you feel after you get a glass of cool water, or after you have plunged into the bath! On a hot summer day there is nothing that so soon brings you back from a bad temper or a disturbed spirit, and puts you into a happy frame of mind and body; as cold water. Blessed be God for water! I love to hear it fall in the shower and dash in the cascade, and to see it rush from the ice-pitcher into the clear glass. Thank God for water! Clear water! bright water! beautiful water! But I have to tell you there is a better refreshment even than that. There was a time when you were hounded of convictions. Sinai thundered. The wrath of God cried, Fly! Justice cried, Fly! Your own fears cried, Fly! Mercy said, Come! Come! and you plunged like a hart into the waterbrooks, and out of that flood your soul came up cool, and clean, and radiant; and you looked around and said, Come and hear, all ye that fear God, and I will tell you what He hath done for my soul. There came a time of perplexity in your heart. You lost your property. The gold eagles took wings and flew away. Death, like a black hawk, swooped upon the family brood, and the children were gone. You measured your life from groan to groan, from loss to loss, from tear to tear. You said from your distressed spirit, Oh! that I had wings like a dove, for then would I fly away and be at rest. From the depths of your fevered soul you called out, Has God forgotten to be gracious? Is His mercy clean gone for ever? Hath He in anger shut up His tender mercies? As when you have been walking in a thick wood on a hot summer day you heard the dash of fountains, and your spirit was cheered; so, while you were listening for the answer, the promise of God dropped cool and fresh and sparkling from the Throne: There is a river the streams whereof shall make glad the city of God. You rejoiced at the thought of the fountain. Your fevered soul thrilled with the cool touch, and you cried, Eureka! Eureka! I have found it. Water! cold water! bright water! everlasting water! bursting from the Throne!<em>T. De Witt Talmage, D.D<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><em>(d)<\/em> Water typifies the Gospel because of its abundance. When we pour the water from the pitcher into the glass we have to be careful or the glass will overflow, and we stop when the water has come to the rim. But when God, in summer, pours out His showers, He keeps pouring on, and pouring on, until the grass-blades cry, Enough! and the flowers, Enough! and the trees, Enough! but God keeps pouring on and pouring on until the fields are soaked, and the rivers overflow, and the cisterns are all filled, and the great reservoirs are supplied, and there is water to turn the wheel, water to slake the thirst of the city, water to cleanse the air, water to wash the hemisphere. Abundance! And so with this glorious Gospel. Enough for one; enough for all. Thousands have come to this fountain, and have drank to the satisfaction of their souls. Other thousands will come; and yet the fountain will not be exhausted.<\/p>\n<p>Just after the battle of Antietam, with some of the other members of the Christian Commission, I went down to help look after the wounded; and on the afternoon of a very hot day I came to a pump of water. I saw a soldier, with musket, guarding the pump. I put out my cup, and he filled it about a quarter full with water. I said, Why do you not fill my cup? He replied, Water is scarce! Here is a great army, and we do not know where to get water after this is gone; and I have orders to give no more than that. What a poor supply for a thirsty man on a hot day! But, glory be to God! that in this Gospel fountain there is water enough for all the armies of the earth, and for all the armies of heaven. You cannot drink it dry. I stand this evening offering this Gospel to all who are here, with just as much confidence that there is enough for them as though there were only two or three persons present.<em>Ibid<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><em>(e)<\/em> Water typifies the Gospel by its freeness. On this hot Sabbath, after the cows break through the alders into the meadow to drink, how much do they pay for that which they drink? The humming-bird drinks from the wine glass of the honeysuckle. How much is it a glass? There is a tax on the city water, but no tax upon the great rivers that roll in perpetual volume to the sea. How much will the world pay for all the showers that this summer refreshed the cornfields? Nothing. It is free, and so is this glorious gospel. It is free in its pardon, hope, and salvation, to all who will accept it. Here is a man who says, I will pay for it, or I will not have it. I am an independent man; and I will give so much to have my soul redeemed. I will endow a college; or I will establish a school; or I will build a church, and in that way purchase my salvation! Or he says, I will do some grand, good works; and God, I know, will accept them. God says. Away with your good works as a purchase for salvation! Take this Gospel for nothing, or never take it. If is free. Without money and without price is this Gospel fountain.<em>Ibid<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>THE SINS OF HOLY MEN AND THEIR PUNISHMENT<\/p>\n<p>(<em><span class='bible'>Num. 20:12-13<\/span><\/em>)<\/p>\n<p>The sin of Moses and Aaron seems to have included<br \/>First: <em>Want of faith<\/em>. And the Lord spake unto Moses and Aaron, Because ye believed Me not. It seems to have been, says Dean Stanley, a feeling of distrust. <em>Can<\/em> we bring water out of the cliff? (<span class='bible'>Num. 20:10<\/span>; LXX  , surely we cannot) The smiting of the cliff twice does not indicate the calmness of faith, but the presence of doubt rather, as if the promise of God would not have been fulfilled without all the smiting on his part. There was not, we believe, positive unbelief or distrust of the Divine word; but, on the other hand, there was not the full assurance of faith which they should have manifested.<\/p>\n<p>Second: <em>Irritation of spirit<\/em>. The impatience of Moses is manifest in his speech,Hear now, ye rebels; and in his action,He smote the rock twice. Worn out by the repeated and aggravating perversities of the people, the man of God breaks down, and for a moment his long patience is overborne by petulance. (Comp. <span class='bible'>Psa. 106:32-33<\/span>). <em>(a)<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Third: <em>Departure from Divine directions<\/em>. <\/p>\n<p>(1) They fell short of the Divine orders in not speaking to the cliff. Speak ye unto the cliff before their eyes, said the Lord; but they did not do so. <br \/>(2) They went beyond the Divine directions in speaking to the people, and smiting the rock. The directions of God never exceed His requirements. If His commands are particular and in detail, He requires that our obedience also shall be particular and in detail.<\/p>\n<p>Fourth: <em>Assumption of power<\/em>. The question, Must <em>we<\/em> fetch you water out of this rock? does not give honour to God. It is such as they might have asked if by their own unaided efforts they were about to obtain water for the people.<\/p>\n<p>Fifth: <em>The publicity of the whole<\/em>. Ye believed Me not, to sanctify Me in the eyes of the children of Israel. It was an aggravation of their offence that it was committed in the presence of the assembled congregation. They occupied an eminent position; they were the representatives of Jehovah to the people, the eyes of the people were fixed upon them; they should therefore have been more careful to honour God before the people. On a former occasion Moses had been guilty of unbelief towards God (<span class='bible'>Num. 11:22-23<\/span>), and God rebuked him for his sin. That however was in private; while this was in public, and accordingly meets with severer punishment from the Lord.<\/p>\n<p>The text leads us to consider<\/p>\n<p><strong>I. The liability of the good to sin.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Moses was one of the holiest and noblest men that ever lived, yet here he sins against God. In him there was a rare combination of intellectual and moral excellences. In no man did the force of principle reach a higher ascendancy, and in no man can we discover a truer majesty of character. It stands out in bold and impressive relief. His was a noble heart; one purer or truer never beat within a human bosom. Noble by nature, he was nobler still by the height and force of his virtue. But he was not infallible: while he remained in this world he was exposed to temptation, and liable to fall into sin. And under the strain of the provocation of these perverse and rebellious people, he did, alas! fall into sin. Let the great and good be warned. You are safe only as you exercise constant watchfulness, humility, and trust in God. <em>(b)<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>II. The danger of good men failing in those excellences which most distinguish them.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Moses was pre-eminent for meekness (<span class='bible'>Num. 12:3<\/span>); but here his meekness fails, and he is petulant and stern. Abraham was celebrated for his faith in God (<span class='bible'>Rom. 4:11<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Gal. 3:9<\/span>); yet upon two occasions his faith failed for a time (<span class='bible'>Gen. 12:12<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Gen. 20:2<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Gen. 20:11-13<\/span>). Elijah was one of the most fearless and heroic of men; yet he fled from the threatened vengeance of Jezebel in a very panic of alarm, and remained for some time in a state of deep dejection (<span class='bible'>1Ki. 19:1-4<\/span>; <span class='bible'>1Ki. 19:10<\/span>; <span class='bible'>1Ki. 19:14<\/span>). Peter was unquestionably courageous; yet the charges of a maid-servant reduced him for a time to an utter coward (<span class='bible'>Luk. 22:55-60<\/span>). Guard well the strong points of your character; for there the greatest danger often is. This seems paradoxical; nevertheless it is true. The points of our character which we know are weak we watch and fortify; in our strong points we feel so secure that we deem it unnecessary to exercise vigilance concerning them; and this sense of security leads us sometimes to fail in those strong pointsin those virtues which are most fully ours. <em>(c)<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>III. The impartiality of the administration of the Divine government.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Moses and Aaron were both greatly honoured of GodMoses especially so; yet God punishes them for sin, as well as others. Because ye believed not Me, to sanctify Me in the eyes of the children of Israel, therefore ye shall not bring this congregation into the land which I gave them. Surely, this was no slight punishment. After all their brilliant and fondly-cherished hopes of possessing the good land, after all they had done and borne as leaders of the rebellious people, the honour of leading them into the land shall not be theirs; they shall not even enter therein. Thou wast a God that forgavest them, and Thou tookest vengeance of their inventions. If a saint of God violate His laws, he must bear the penalties which he has incurred. The dark crimes which stained the spirit and life of the man after Gods own heart never ceased to trouble him in after days. Whoso breaketh an hedge, a serpent shall bite him. <em>(d)<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>IV. The great guilt of those who by their wickedness occasion sin in the good.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>If Moses and Aaron be thus punished that sin by other mens occasions, how much more shall they be punished that are the occasions, or give the occasions! Moses and Aaron had never thus offended had the people not murmured; and many a sin should be daily uncommitted did not some allure, tempt, and provoke, or by some means give occasion thereof.<em>Babington<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Woe to that man by whom the offence cometh. He who not only sins himself, but by temptation or otherwise occasions sin in others, shall be beaten with many stripes.<\/p>\n<p><strong>V. The means which God uses to deter men from sin.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>This is the water of Meribah; because the children of Israel strove with the Lord, and he was sanctified in them. The name was changed from Kadesh-barnea to Meribah-kadesh as a memorial of the sin of the people, and of Moses and Aaron, that others might take warning and shun sin. Many are the means which God uses to keep man from sin; memorials of human sins and Divine judgments, expostulations with the sinner, warnings against sin, encouragements and aids to obedience, are all so employed. By the voice of history, by the Law from Sinai, by the Gospel of His Son, by the Cross of Jesus Christ, by the influences of His Spirit, God is ever crying to the sinner, Oh! do not this abominable thing that I hate.<\/p>\n<p>Application.<\/p>\n<p>Let Christians guard against temptation; let them cultivate a watchful and prayerful spirit. Watch and pray, that ye enter not into temptation. Let him that thinketh he standeth, take heed lest he fall. Be sober, be vigilant, &amp;c. <em>(e)<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>ILLUSTRATIONS<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(a)<\/em> If anger arises in thy breast, instantly seal up thy lips, and let it not go forth; for like fire when it wants vent, it will suppress itself. It is good in a fever to have a tender and smooth tongue; but is better that it be in anger; for if it be rough and distempered, there it is an ill sign, but here it is an ill cause. Angry passion is a fire, and angry words are like breath to fan them together; they are like steel and flint, sending out fire by mutual collision.<em>Jeremy Taylor<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><em>(b)<\/em> Humanity has its weaker side, and when assailed by temptation and the force of evil, is liable to yield, and thus to be overcome. No degree of moral excellence or of spiritual attainment places us beyond the possibility of declension. Imperfection and error attach to us so long as we are in the flesh, and through the weakness and the waywardness of our nature, our highest joys may be marred and limited. If our will could be brought into perfect harmony with the will of Godif we were at all times to move and act in strict conformity with the Revelation of His infinite mindif there were no contrariety between our inclination and His revealed intimations, deep, and full, and inexpressible would be our joy. It is when our will comes into opposition to His willit is when we deviate and depart from that which He has prescribed, that our conduct becomes a source of disquietude; and the consciousness that we have preferred our own line of action to the Divinely-prescribed method not only introduces a great disturbing element into our nature, but robs us of purer joy and profounder peace.<em>R. Ferguson, LL.D<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Human nature has never been perfect in all its qualities, energies, and services; the perfection of human nature can be wrought out only by long-continued and severe probation. In choosing instruments for the representation of His will and the execution of His purposes, God has always chosen men who were best fitted <em>on the whole<\/em> for such ministry, though in some particulars they have disastrously and pitifully failed.<\/p>\n<p>Consider, knowing human nature as we do, bow beneficial a thing it was to the great men themselves to be shown now and again that they were imperfect, and that they were only great and strong as they were good, as they were true to God. To be an illustrious leader, to have power and authority amongst men, always to be in high places, and to be absolutely without a fault of disposition, temper, or desire, is enough to tempt any man to think that he is more than a man: and even to be without actual social fault, that can be pointed out and blamed, is not unlikely to give a man a false notion of the real state of his own nature. We may learn quite as much from our failures as from our successes. I have seen more truly what I am by my faults than by my graces, and never have I prayed with so glowing a fervour as when I have seen that there is but a step between me and death and that I have nearly taken it.<em>Joseph Parker, D.D<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><em>(c)<\/em> Abraham, the great man and prophet of the Lord, shows his littleness by giving way to a cowardly fear that strangely divided his heart with the noblest faith found in the ancient world. His fear in one direction was simply ridiculous and pitiful; when he came amongst a powerful people he was always afraid that they would kill him in order to get possession of his wife. On the face of it the thing would seem to be incredible: here is a man who left his kindred and his fathers house, who braved the hardships of the wilderness, who arose and pursued kings and slew them, and delivered the prey from the hand of the mighty, tottering like a weak old coward when he thinks that he may be killed. He made a mean figure before Pharaoh, and he makes a meaner still before Abimelech. In one sense I am glad that Abraham made such a fool of himself; for had he been without flaw or blemish, perfect and invincible in faith, and complete in the sanctification of his character, he would have awed me by his supernatural respectability, and I should never have thought of him as an example or a pattern.<em>Ibid<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><em>(d)<\/em> The punishment of sin is impartial. There is a form of self-deception common to us all, and especially in youth, by which we admit the general law, but try to shirk its personal, its individual, application. It is the old, old story of Eden over and over again in the case of every one of usthe serpent creeping up to us, all glitter and fascinationall dulcet whisper and sinuous lies, and saying to us, See how fair the fruit is: how much to be desired! Be as God, knowing good and evil. Thou shalt not surely die. And so the boy and the youthaye, and in his folly the grown man too, believes that it shall not be so with him; that he will repent; that he is the darling of Providence; that he is the favourite of heavenhe the one who shall sin and shall not suffer. If others handle pitch they shall be defiled. If others take fire into their bosom they shall be burnt; but God will indulge him. And the very spirits of evil laugh at each one going as an ox to the slaughter, when they dupe him into the fancy that, out of special regard for him, that adamantine chain of moral gravitation more lasting and binding than that by which the stars are held in their spheres, will be snapped; that sin, for him only, will change its nature, and at his approach the Gehenna of punishment be transformed into a garden of delight. Is it so, my brethren? Has there ever been any human being yet, since time began, however noble, however beautiful, however gifted, however bright with genius or radiant with fascination, who has sinned with impunity? Ah, no! God is no respecter of persons. Fire burns and water drowns, whether the sufferer be a worthless villain or whether it be a fair and gentle child. And so the moral law works, whether the sinner be a David or a Judas, whether he be a publican or a priest.<em>F. W. Farrar, D.D<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><em>(e)<\/em> A child would generally stand on its feet in a gust of wind if he knew it was coming; but when the wind happens to come round a corner furiously, he may be taken off his feet. Mind you are well ballasted by prayer every morning before your vessel puts out to sea, or carrying the quantity of sail you do, you may be blown out upon the waves to your perpetual shipwreck. Watch constantly against those things which are thought to be no temptations. The most poisonous serpents are found where the sweetest flowers grow, and when Cleopatra would have an asp to poison herself, it was brought in a basket of fair flowers. Beware of arrows shot from a golden bow, or by a womans hand. Watch and pray, that ye enter not into temptation.<em>C. H. Spurgeon<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>SIN IN THE CHILD OF GOD<\/p>\n<p>(<em><span class='bible'>Num. 20:12<\/span><\/em>)<\/p>\n<p>The test gives us the reason why Moses and Aaron were kept from going into the land of Canaan, and it suggests to us some lessons about <em>Sin in the child of God<\/em>. Gods people sin. Not a sinless character in the Bible, but Christ. No Perfectionism on earth taught there. Sin in the child of God is<\/p>\n<p><strong>I. Very painful to God.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>There is a tone of intense grief in the text. God hates sin in all; but most of all in His own children. Our own child falling into sin, and a mere acquaintance doing sohow differently we should feel in the one case from what we should in the other! Nothing hurts God more than sin in His own children.<\/p>\n<p><strong>II. Most inexcusable.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Speaking strictly, no sin can be excused. Sin is a crime, not a misfortune; so there can be no sufficient excuse for it. This is emphatically true of the child of God: he has a higher knowledge of duty; he has experienced the evil of sin, and felt its sting; he has a new principlethe Divine life within him struggling against sin; he has God to help hima God who is ever accessible, &amp;c. God speaks in the text as if Moses and Aaron had nothing whatever to palliate their conduct.<\/p>\n<p><strong>III. Most disastrous in its results.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Gods name is dishonouredbrought into disrepute. The text shows that God entrusts His character to the keeping of His people. We have to sanctify Him before men; and in the proportion in which we sin we fail to do so. We are the worlds Bible; they learn of God through us; they too often estimate Him from our life. No one can tell the injury which is done by inconsistent professors of religion! The weak stumble; the wicked are encouraged in their sins; the worldly have false impressions of God and His religion. It is an awful thing for a Christian to sin.<\/p>\n<p><strong>IV. Very certain of punishment.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Be sure your sin will find you out: this is true of the child of God. His sin will give him pain. None of us shall sin with impunity. Moses was the friend of God (<span class='bible'>Exo. 33:11<\/span>), yet God could not pass by his sin. Gods love to us does not blind Him to our faults. There is no weakness in Him towards His children, as there is often in us in our dealings with ours. He has ever visited His people for their sin; and sometimes, as in the text, though He may forgive, they have to suffer for the sin as long as they remain upon earth. The text tells us that sin is a hard and bitter thing in the child of God. Let this incident<\/p>\n<p>1. <em>Make Gods people more watchful<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>2. <em>Lead others to ponder their ways;<\/em> for if God visits His own children for sin, <em>a fortiori<\/em>, He will not let the wicked escape.<\/p>\n<p>3. <em>Let none forget that God can forgive sin<\/em><em>all sin<\/em><em>through Jesus Christ<\/em>.<em>David Lloyd<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>A REASONABLE REQUEST AND AN UNGENEROUS REFUSAL<\/p>\n<p>(<em><span class='bible'>Num. 20:14-21<\/span><\/em>)<\/p>\n<p>We have in this paragraph<\/p>\n<p><strong>I. A reasonable request.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>We are in Kadesh, a city in the uttermost of thy border: let us pass, &amp;c. This request was<\/p>\n<p>1. <em>Reasonable in itself<\/em>. They desired to enter Canaan from the east, crossing the Jordan; and their direct road to the east of the Jordan was through the land of Edom. If they are not permitted to travel by that way, they must take a very circuitous route (<span class='bible'>Num. 21:4<\/span>). They asked simply for permission to travel by the kings way, and promised neither to depart from that way into the fields or vineyards, nor to make use of the wells of water without payment for the same. Their request was<\/p>\n<p>2. <em>Urged by forcible reasons<\/em>. <\/p>\n<p>(1) By the relationship existing between them. Thus saith thy brother Israel. The Israelites and the Edomites were descendants of the twin brothers, Jacob and Esau. The Israelites desire a renewal of the ancient kindnesses of their ancestors (<span class='bible'>Gen. 33:1-15<\/span>). Brotherhood should promote kindness, increase mutual helpfulness, &amp;c. <em>(a)<\/em> <\/p>\n<p>(2) By the sufferings which the Israelites had endured. Thou knowest all the travel that hath befallen us: how our fathers went down into Egypt, and we have dwelt in Egypt a long time; and the Egyptians vexed us and our fathers. The sufferings they had borne at the hand of strangers should have induced their kinsfolk to succour and help them. <br \/>(3) By the mercies which God had shown to Israel. And when we cried unto the Lord, He heard our voice, and sent an Angel, and hath brought us forth out of Egypt, &amp;c. The blessings which God had bestowed upon them should have been viewed(i.) As an indication that it was His will that others should aid them. His will is binding, &amp;c. (ii.) As an example to encourage others to aid them. (iii.) As an indication of His favour towards them, which suggested that it was to the interest of others to aid them. It is perilous to resist those whom God defends; it is prudent to further their designs, &amp;c. <\/p>\n<p>(4) Because Israel would guarantee Edom against any loss. We will not pass through the fields, or through the vineyards, neither will we drink of the water of the wells, &amp;c. (<span class='bible'>Num. 20:17<\/span>). We will go by the highway: and if I and my cattle drink of thy water, then I will pay for it, &amp;c. (<span class='bible'>Num. 20:19<\/span>). To nomad chiefs, rich in flocks and herds, wells of water are a most precious and important property. Kalisch: The possession of a well in arid regions not unfrequently causes strife and warfare between whole tribes, and the protection of his wells is a prominent object of solicitude to an Arab sheikh. <em>(b)<\/em> But the Israelites promise to respect these rights of property; and to cause the Edomites no loss or damage. Thus the arguments by which they enforce their request are conspicuously fair and reasonable.<\/p>\n<p><strong>II. An ungenerous resfual.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>And Edom said unto him, Thou shalt not pass by me, lest I come out against thee with the sword. And he said, Thou shalt not go through, &amp;c. (<span class='bible'>Num. 20:20-21<\/span>). This refusal of the Edomites probably arose from<\/p>\n<p>1. <em>Fear that if they complied with the request of the Israelites the result might be injurious to them<\/em>. They did not believe the promises made by the Israelites; and they feared what so great an army once got in might do; they are not usually so easily removed. The fear was not unnatural, &amp;c.<\/p>\n<p>2. <em>Envy at the growing power of Israel<\/em>. The Edomites knew of their deliverance from Egypt; of their victory over the Amalekites (<span class='bible'>Exo. 17:8-13<\/span>); of their immense number; and of their pretensions in respect to Canaan (<span class='bible'>Exo. 15:14-17<\/span>); and they were envious of their increasing strength.<\/p>\n<p>3. <em>Remembrance of the ancient injury inflicted by Jacob upon Esau<\/em>. Esau hated Jacob because of the blessing, and now the hatred revived, when the blessing was ready to be inherited. A brother offended is harder to be won than a strong city; and their contentions are like the bars of a castle. The nearer the relationship between the offender and the offended, the wider is the breach and the more difficult is the reconciliation. The memory of an injury such as that which Jacob inflicted upon Esau it is perhaps impossible to wipe out; it is handed down from generation to generation, &amp;c. The recollection of that injury imparted resoluteness and severity to the refusal of Edom to grant the request of Israel.<\/p>\n<p>Conclusion.<\/p>\n<p>1. <em>Learn that no alienation is so wide and bitter as that between brethren or other near relations<\/em>. <em>(c)<\/em><\/p>\n<p>2. <em>Where such alienation exists, let us seek to bring about reconciliation<\/em><em>a complete healing of the breach<\/em>. <em>(d)<\/em><\/p>\n<p>3. <em>Cultivate brotherly kindness<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>4. <em>Respect the rights of others even when the assertion of those rights is carried to an extreme<\/em>. Thus Edom refused to give Israel passage through his border; wherefore Israel turned away from him.<\/p>\n<p><em>ILLUSTRATIONS<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(a)<\/em> Two days after the terrible battle of Chickamanga. I was passing over the battle-field. In a thick clump of bushes, on the side of a ravine, I saw a young man seated beside a tree with his arm bandaged. Seeing that his arm was badly wounded, I asked why he had not gone to the hospital in the rear. He replied, pointing to a corpse that lay near by, That is my brother; and I am determined never to leave him until he is buried. I had the dead max buried, and the wounded brother taken care ch<em>Memphis Advocate<\/em>, quoted in <em>Dict. of Illust<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><em>(b)<\/em> The special necessity of a supply of water in a hot climate has always involved among the Eastern nations questions of property of the highest importance, and sometimes given rise to serious contention. To give a name to a well denoted a right of property, and to stop or destroy one once dug was a military expedient, a mark of conquest or an encroachment on territorial right claimed or existing in its neighbourhood. Thus the well Beersheba was opened, and its possession attested with special formality by Abraham (<span class='bible'>Gen. 21:30-31<\/span>). In the hope of expelling Isaac from their neighbourhood, the Philistines stopped up the wells which had been dug in Abrahams time and called by his name, an encroachment which was stoutly resisted by the followers of Isaac (<span class='bible'>Gen. 26:15-33<\/span>; see also <span class='bible'>2Ki. 3:19<\/span>; <span class='bible'>2Ch. 26:10<\/span>). The Kuran notices abandoned wells as signs of desertion (Sur. xxii.). To acquire wells which they had not themselves dug, was one of the marks of favour foretold to the Hebrews on their entrance into Canaan (<span class='bible'>Deu. 6:11<\/span>). To possess one is noticed as a mark of independence (<span class='bible'>Pro. 5:15<\/span>), and to abstain from the use of wells belonging to others, a disclaimer of interference with their property (<span class='bible'>Num. 20:17<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Num. 20:19<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Num. 21:22<\/span>). Similar rights of possession, actual and hereditary, exist among the Arabs of the present day. Wells, Burckhardt says, in the interior of the desert, are exclusive property, either of a whole tribe, or of individuals whose ancestors dug the wells. If the well be the property of a tribe, the tents are pitched near it, whenever rain water becomes scarce in the desert; and no other Arabs are then permitted to water their camels. But if the well belongs to an individual, he receives presents from all strange tribes who pass or on camp at the well, and refresh their camels with the water of it. The property of such a well is never alienated; and the Arabs say that the possessor is sure to be fortunate, as all who drink of the water bestow on him their benedictions (comp. <span class='bible'>Num. 21:17-18<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Jdg. 1:15<\/span>).<em>H. W. Phillott, M.A.<\/em>, in <em>Bibl. Dict<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><em>(c)<\/em> We see by lamentable experience, that every toy and trifle maketh debate, not only between dearest friends, but between nearest kinsfolk, that they can never be reconciled. And as no band knitteth faster, and bindeth closer than this, while love and liking lasteth; so no contention is so bitter, no hatred so deadly, as that of brethren and others that are near in blood, when the knot is broken and dissolved. The tender glass when it is once broken, will never be set together again. No water proveth so exceeding cold as that which was once heated exceeding hot; so no hatred proveth like to the hatred of brethren, which are often found merciless one toward another, and such as can never be appeased; as we see in the malice of Cain toward Abel. This it is that Solomon pointeth out in <span class='bible'>Pro. 18:19<\/span> : A brother offended is harder to win than a strong city, and their contentions are as a bar of a castle. For as they loved most entirely and dearly before, so when once they grow enemies, they hate one another most extremely, whose hearts are as stony walls that cannot be pierced, and as bars of iron that cannot be broken. Now as the Prophet teacheth, that it is a good and comely thing for brethren to dwell together in unity; so it is a noisome and unnatural thing to behold greatest envy and most mortal malice, where the greatest and nearest bands of kindred should kuit together.<em>W. Attersoll<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><em>(d)<\/em> A day of reconciliation! A family made one. Brethren coming together again after long separation. It is a beautiful picture. Why should it not be completed, when it needs completion, in our own day amongst ourselves? Ministers sometimes have misunderstandings, and say unkind things about one another, and exile one another from love and confidence for years. Is there never to be a day of reconciliation and Christian forgetfulness of wrong, even when positive wrong has been done? Families and households often get awry. The younger brother differs from his eldest brother; sitters fall out. One wants more than belongs to him; another is knocked to the wall because he is weak; and there comes into the heart bitterness and alienation; and often brothers and sisters never have a kind word to say about one another. Is it always to be so? Dont merely make it up, dont patch it up, dont cover it up; go right down to the base. You will never be made one, until you meet at the Cross, and hear Him say, He that doeth the will of My Father which is in heaven, the same is my mother, and sister, and brother. It is in Christs sorrow that we are to forget our woes, in Christs sacrifice that we find the answer to our sin, in Christs union with the Father that we are to find all true and lasting reconciliation. But who is to begin? That is the wonderful question that is often asked us. Who is to begin? One would imagine that there were some very nice people about who only wanted somebody to tell them who was to begin. They want to be reconciled, only they dont know <em>who<\/em> is to begin. I can tell you. <em>You<\/em> are! That is exactly how it is. But I am the eldest,yes, and <em>therefore<\/em> ought to begin. But I am the youngest. Then why should the youngest be an obstinate, pig-headed child? Who are you that you should not go and throw yourself down at your brothers feet and say, I have done you wrong, pardon me? Who is to begin? You! Which? Both! When? Now! Oh! beware of the morality which says, I am looking for the opportunity, and if things should so get together Sir! death may be upon you before you get to the end of your long melancholy process of self-laudation and anti. Christian logic.<em>Joseph Parker, D.D<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>THE DEATH OF AARON<\/p>\n<p>(<em><span class='bible'>Num. 20:22-29<\/span><\/em>)<\/p>\n<p>Let us notice<\/p>\n<p><strong>I. The death of Aaron.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Concerning the death of this distinguished man there are three things which we may profitably consider. <em>(a)<\/em> He died<\/p>\n<p>1. <em>As a consequence of sin<\/em>. His death was not the result of disease, or of the exhaustion of the vitality of his body. It is true that he was an aged man; Aaron was an hundred and twenty and three years old when he died in Mount Hor; yet he died not by reason of old age and its infirmities; his death was not in the ordinary course of nature; but was a direct consequence of sin. Aaron shall be gathered unto his people; for he shall not enter into the land which I have given unto the children of Israel, because ye rebelled against My Word at the water of Meribah. He is distinctly called the saint of the Lord (<span class='bible'>Psa. 106:16<\/span>); yet now he must die because of his sin, without entering the Promised Land, without even beholding it. God is rigidly impartial in His dealings with His creatures. There is no respect of persons with God. If His people sin, they must suffer for their sin.<\/p>\n<p>2. <em>By the appointment of God<\/em>. There was nothing accidental in the death of Aaron; everything connected with it was arranged by the Lord. He determined the <em>time<\/em> of his death. Is there not an appointed time to man upon earth? His days are determined, the number of his months are with Thee, Thou hast appointed his bounds that he cannot pass. All the days of my appointed time will I wait till my change come. Thou changest his countenance, and sendest him away. Thou turnest man to destruction; and sayest, Return, ye children of men. My times are in Thy hand. The Lord determined the <em>place<\/em> of his death. Take Aaron and Eleazar, his son, and bring them up unto Mount Hor;  and Aaron shall die there. The <em>circumstances<\/em> of his death were also arranged by the Lord. Take Aaron and Eleazar, his son, and bring them up unto Mount Hor; and strip Aaron of his garments, &amp;c. Nothing is left to accident, or chance, or human choice; all was Divinely appointed. Our Lord hath the keys of Hades and of death. His people cannot die prematurely or accidentally. All who seek to live in harmony with His will, all who are moving in the line of His purposes, pass hence in accordance with His arrangements. <em>(b)<\/em><\/p>\n<p>3. The death of Aaron was his <em>introduction to life and to congenial society<\/em>. Aaron shall be gathered unto his people. Aaron, though he dies for his transgression, is not put to death as a malefactor, by a plague, or fire from heaven, but dies with ease and in honour. He is not cut off from his people, as the expression usually is concerning those that die by the hand of Divine justice, but he is gathered to his people, as one that died in the arms of Divine grace. The expression gathered unto his people suggests two ideas:<\/p>\n<p>(1) Death is the way to life. The expression under consideration cannot be a mere poetical phrase for death; for in many places it is specified over and above the fact of death (see <span class='bible'>Gen. 25:8<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Gen. 25:17<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Gen. 35:29<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Gen. 49:33<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Num. 20:26<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Deu. 32:50<\/span>). Nor can the expression relate to burial; for in this sense it would not be true of Aaron, nor yet of Abraham, to whom it was also applied, nor yet of Moses. Besides which the fact of burial is in many places specified over and above the being gathered unto his people (see <span class='bible'>Gen. 15:15<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Gen. 25:8-9<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Gen. 35:29<\/span>; <span class='bible'>1Ki. 2:10<\/span>; <span class='bible'>1Ki. 11:43<\/span>, &amp;c.). The only assignable sense, therefore, is, as Dean Alford says, that of reference to a state of further personal existence beyond death; and the expression thus forms a remarkable testimony to the Old Testament belief in a future state. When Aaron died he did not cease to be; but rather entered upon a larger, intenser, fuller life. When his lifeless body lay upon Mount Hor, his living spirit passed to the great assembly of the good in the presence of God. At death the body returns to the earth as it was, and the spirit returns unto God who gave it. <\/p>\n<p>(2) Death is the way to congenial social life. Gathered unto his people. Aaron at death passed neither into isolation nor into the uncongenial society of strangers or aliens; but to his own people, to persons of kindred sympathies and purposes and interests. After death men go to their own place, and to their own company. The good pass swiftly to their Fathers house, and to the great multitude who are gathered there. O, death is not terrible to the good! It is the way by which they pass to the holy and blessed fellowship of glorified saints, the way to our permanent and joyous home, the way to the presence of our God. So shall we ever be with the Lord. <em>(c)<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>II. The appointment of Aarons successor.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Strip Aaron of his garments, and put them upon Eleazar his son. And Moses stripped Aaron of his garments, and put them upon Eleazar his son. The sacred high-priestly vestments were taken off Aaron before his death, that they might not be defiled by contact with the dead. By putting them upon Eleazar, he was invested with the office to which they belonged. In this arrangement I discover<\/p>\n<p>1. <em>Kindness to Aaron<\/em>. It assured him<\/p>\n<p>(1) That his office would be filled; that his work would be carried on, &amp;c. Interested in the religious welfare of the people as he was, this must have been cheering to him. <br \/>(2) That this office would be filled by his own son; that the high-priesthood would continue in his own family. This must have been a gratification to the fatherly instincts of his nature.<br \/>2. <em>A guarantee of the continuance of the Church of God<\/em>. Aaron dies; but God has a successor at hand to take Aarons place and to carry on his work. Moses dies leaving his great work incomplete, but Joshua, a brave and noble man, is ready to take up the great leaders enterprize, and carry it onward to a triumphant close. The whirlwind carries the faithful and heroic Prophet of Horeb, as on the wings of some swift and strong angel, to his well-earned rest; but Elisha, a worthy successor even of so distinguished a servant of the Lord, waits to catch the falling of his masters mantle and to prosecute his masters mission. And now, good and faithful ministers are gathered to their fathers; but the Lord Christ ever lives, and ever raises up worthy successors to fill the vacant places. The continuance of the Church depends not upon the services of even its most gifted and holy ministers, but upon its Divine Head. This is<\/p>\n<p>(1) Humbling to our pride. God can carry on His work without our poor services. Our place will soon be filled by another, and perhaps better filled than it ever was by us. <br \/>(2) Encouraging to our faith. The work so dear to us will be carried on when we have passed away. Though the human workers die, the Divine Master and Supreme Worker ever lives, and ever carries forward His cause towards its final triumph.<\/p>\n<p><strong>III. The mourning because of Aarons death.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>And when all the congregation saw that Aaron was dead, they mourned for Aaron thirty days, even all the house of Israel. This national mourning suggests<\/p>\n<p>1. <em>The worth of faithful ministers<\/em>. Aaron had rendered valuable services to the Israelites; he had rendered essential service in the work of their emancipation from Egyptian bondage; he had entreated God again and again for them in their rebellions; he had stood between the more than fourteen thousand dead, and the living, and by his intercession stayed the progress of the dreadful plague. But now he has gone: he will serve them no more. Well may they weep. The loss of faithful ministers is one of the greatest losses that can befall society. They render the most valuable services, they exercise the most salutary and inspiring influence in society. <em>(d)<\/em><\/p>\n<p>2. <em>The appreciation of blessings when they are withdrawn from us, which were not valued when they were ours<\/em>. While Aaron was with them the Israelites were often murmuring against him, threatening indeed to kill him, wishing that there was an end of him, speaking against him, and in every way discouraging him in his work. But when he was dead they mourned for him; they found their loss when it was too late to value him. This is but an example of human nature. We very seldom value our chiefest blessings until we are made to feel their worth by the loss of them. It has often happened in the case of the Christian minister and congregation, that he has been undervalued while he was testifying Gods truth, and has been much mourned for when taken away. (Comp. <span class='bible'>Eze. 33:30-33<\/span>).<\/p>\n<p>Like birds whose beauties languish, half-conceald<br \/>Till mounted on the wing, their glossy plumes<br \/>Expanded, shine with azure, green, and gold;<br \/>How blessings brighten as they take their flight!<em>Young<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Shakspeare also gives luminous expression to this truth:<br \/>It so falls out, That what we have we prize not to the worth, Whiles we enjoy it; but being lackd and lost, Why then we rack the value; then we find The virtue that possession would not show us Whiles it was ours.<br \/>Let us appreciate the gifts of Heaven while we have them, &amp;c.<br \/>In conclusion, learn<\/p>\n<p>1. <em>The universality of death<\/em>. The gifted, the great, the beautiful, the holy, all die. We must die. Let us live that death shall be to us great gain. <em>(e)<\/em><\/p>\n<p>2. <em>The imperfection of the Aaronic priesthood<\/em> (see <span class='bible'>Heb. 7:11<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Heb. 7:18-19<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Heb. 7:23<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Heb. 7:28<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Heb. 8:7<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Heb. 9:25<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Heb. 10:1-4<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Heb. 10:11<\/span>).<\/p>\n<p>3. <em>The perfection of the Priesthood of Christ<\/em> (see <span class='bible'>Heb. 7:22-28<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Heb. 8:6<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Heb. 9:23-28<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Heb. 10:10-14<\/span>).<\/p>\n<p><em>ILLUSTRATIONS<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(a)<\/em> Behold then the three persons, Aaron, Moses, and Eleazar, going up the mountain. The first is distinguished by his priestly habit. He is clad in the mitre, the ephod, the fine linen, the Urim and the Thummim, and those bells, which formerly when hoard within the holy of holies told of his life, now seem sounding the signal for Death to meet him on the summit, and their tinkle lessening up the mountain strikes like a death-watch in the ear of the people of the great congregation assembled before their tents to trace the progress and to witness the event, not a murmur or groan heard throughout them all, but millions, it may be, weeping in silence. See with what calm, majestic, uninterrupted and unreverted steps the three pursue their journey, talking perhaps of that Promised Land which one of them is never to see, which another is to see from a mountain in Moab, and which the third only is to enter, or talking of that Better Country to which the first is so near. Mark the eager look cast forward by Aaron toward the top of the hill, as if he expected the Angel of Death to be waiting for him there; but when be gains the summit, lo! all is empty and sternly silent, the victim is there but no wood and no fire for the offering; one mighty sacrificer has arrived, but the other is not yet come to keep the dread engagement. Turn then ere he comes, and see from the mount ten thousand times ten thousand torn, ruptured, rent, serrated and savage hills standing up as witnesses to the covenanted meeting and catastrophe at hand; not a blade of grass or drop of water in view, nothing but a bare and blasted wilderness of sand and atone, and thunder-split crag, as if a flood of fire had crossed, and torn, and tortured it into the similitude of hell; including the vast valley of Arabah which unites the Red and the Dead Seas, both of which are visible, and on its western side the great sandy desert, surmounted in the extreme distance by the Sinaitic range. Mark the last glance cast by Aaron to the camp and the multitude far below, a glance speaking of sorrow and of remorse too, since it is owing to his sin at Meribah that he is dying so soon, and dying so publicly, but speaking still more of submission, confidence, and hope in the mercy of God. See the slow and solemn manner in which the hand of Moses, although the younger brother, tenderly, like a mother her babe at eventide, strips Aaron of his garments. And behold now the high priest clothed only with his long grey hair, as is that ardent sun overhead with his old beams, laying himself down upon the hill, watching with an eye of love and pride his son Eleazar, as Moses arrays him with ephod, and linen, and breast-plate, and mitre; and as the bright rays from the Urim and Thummim flash for the last time upon his dim and dying eye, blessing his noble son whose ornament they are henceforward to be, and blessing the brother with whom he has so long held sweet counsel and united in marvellous achievement; and then fixing his look upward as if waiting for the advent and the dart of his adversary, who comes not; but instead there is heard a still, small voice, saying, Come up hither, and lo! a dead body lies on the granite of Mount Hor, and a living soul, suddenly clothed by the hands of angels with robes that shall never be stripped away, has joined the great assembly in the heavens<em>G. Gilfillan, M.A<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><em>(b)<\/em> We strive, oftentimes almost unconsciously perhaps, to re-arrange or re-ordain particular circumstances, and even whole scenes in our life and in the lives of others. And with a still more importunate and sorrowful eagerness do we seek to have some power in arranging for lifes close. We would not dare to take the key of death in our own hand, but we would touch it while it lies in His. <em>Not now<\/em>, or <em>not there<\/em>, or <em>not thus<\/em>, we are always saying.<\/p>\n<p>NOT NOW, we say, when the father is called to leave the family of which he is the whole stay. Let him live, let a few weeks elapse let his family be provided for, let his work be done! It is done, is the answer, His fatherless children are provided for; I have taught him to leave them with Me. The Father of the fatherless, the Husband of the widow, is God in His holy habitation.<br \/><em>Not now<\/em>, we say, when the mother has heard the home-call, and with a calmness and courage greater than those of the soldier in battle, is rising above all her cares, and becoming a child again, at the threshold of the heavenly home. Oh, not now! Who will check the waywardness, encourage the virtues, receive the confidences, soothe the little sorrows, and train the loves of those infant hearts? Who will teach the evening prayer, and listen to the Sabbath hymn? Who can give a mothers care, and feel a mothers love? I, saith the Shepherd, I will gather the lambs with mine arm, and carry them in <em>My<\/em> bosom. I will forget no prayer of the dying mothers heart. I will treasure in <em>My<\/em> heart the yearnings of her life over her children, and the unutterable compassions of her dying hour; and when many years have sped, and she has been long in heaven, these children will remember her in their holiest and happiest moments, and by their walk and their work will be proving that she did not live in vain, that she finished the work that was given her to do.<\/p>\n<p>Or, we say, <em>Not there<\/em>, oh, not there! away on the seaa thousand miles from landlet him not die there, and be dropped into the unfathomed grave, where the unstable waves must be his only monument, and the winds the sole mourners of the place! Or not in some distant city or far-off landstrangers around his bed, strangers closing his eyes, and then carrying him to a strangers grave. Let him come home and die amid the whisperings and breathings of the old unquenchable love. He <em>is<\/em> going home, is the answer, and going by the best and only way. I can open the gate Beautiful in any part of the earth or sea. I can set up the mystic ladder, the top of which reaches to heaven, in the loneliest island, at the furthest ends of the earth, and your friends will flee to the shelter of <em>My<\/em> presence all the more fully because yours is far away.<\/p>\n<p>Or, we say, <em>Not thus<\/em>, not through such agonies of body, or faintings of spirit, or tremblings of faithnot in unconsciousnessnot without dying testimonies. Let there be outward as well as inward peace. Let mention be made of Thy goodness. Let there be foretellings and foreshadowings of the glory to which, as we trust, they are going. Oh, shed down the light, the fragrancy of heaven upon their dying bed! The answer is, They are there, and you are so dull of sense that you perceive them not. Your friend is filled with the peace that passeth understanding, and safe in the everlasting arms.<\/p>\n<p>Thus, brethren, the <em>time<\/em>, and the <em>place<\/em>, and the <em>circumstances<\/em>, are all arranged by the wisdom and the will of Him who holds the keys, and we could not, even if we had our own will and way, make anything better than it is in the perfect plan. Better! everything would be worseinconceivably worse if <em>we<\/em> had the keys. Let us trust them, with a loyal loving trust, with Him who graciously says to us, Fear not; One who, in this as in all other thing, will treat us and give us according to our faith.<em>Alex. Raleigh, D.D<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><em>(c)<\/em> Death is but a going <em>home<\/em>. A child is away at school, and the vacation is near at band; and you may be sure that the father and mother long to see the child more than the child wants to see father and mother. So, according to the good old custom, the father takes the carriage, and wends his way to the school, perhaps with, perhaps without, intimations to the child of his coming. In the midst of his tasks on the last day, the child is suddenly greeted by the voice and presence of his father; and no sooner are the first salutations exchanged than the father says, Are your things ready? We go tomorrow. Wine is not so sparkling as the Joy in the childs heart. He can neither eat, nor sleep, nor play. The thought that his father has come, and that he is going home to see his mother, and brothers, and sisters, has quite intoxicated him. By such glorious images as this God is pleased to represent our departure from the present life. The Lord Jesus Christ shall come to our poor old weather-beaten school-house in this world, and say to us, Come home! you are wanted.<\/p>\n<p>Heaven is not, then, a great bleak shore to which you are driven by the storm, and where you are cast among savage inhabitants. Heaven is a blessed place of rest. It is your home. You have friends there, the chiefest among whom is He that loved you, that gave Himself for you, that has ever watched over you during your earthly pilgrimage, and that soon, very soon, will come for you, as already He has for yours. They are glorious there; and in all their glory, if they could but speak a word to us, would it be such a poor stumbling word as that which they spoke in the hour of death? If they could speak to us from the eternal world, what hope and consolation would they give us!<em>H. W. Beecher<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><em>(d)<\/em> Death is, in every case, an event of most momentous consequences. But the death of a minister of the Gospel, in addition to the consequences which affect his own destiny, involves others which extend to his flock. If he has been faithful unto death, his decease is in mercy to himself, but it must at the same time be in judgment to his church. The testimony of a witness for God to an unbelieving generation is finisheda herald of salvation is withdrawnan ambassador of Christ is recalleda light of the world, which has guided many, and might have guided more, into the haven of eternal peace, is extinguished. It is not the death of a friend merely, however valued, or a relative, however dear, whose affection soothed the sorrows of time, and softened the rugged path of life; but it is the removal of one whose solicitude watched for the soul, promoted its salvation, and diffused, or aimed to diffuse, a beneficial influence over its eternal existence. What arithmetic can estimate the greatness of such a calamity? Instead of that living voice which, both by the eloquence of preaching, and the still holier and more elevating eloquence of prayer, often lifted the rapt hearers to heaven, and matured them for its glories, they have nothing now but the cold and silent marble, which perpetuates, with his honoured name, their own incalculable loss.<em>J. Angell James<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><em>(e)<\/em> All must die. The fact is so old and every day, that, like the sun, few people think of it or look at it. It is otherwise, indeed, with those who see the solemn reality approaching themselves, and who then, for the first time, feel its strangeness, its importance, its awfulness, and how little prepared they are for it. They resemble one who has fallen asleep on a railway, and, starting up, sees the engine just upon him, and has hardly time, by one wild cry, to commend himself to the mercy of God, ere he is crushed into non-existence. Something like this was the cry of Hoffman, the German writer, who, when after a thoughtless career he felt himself approaching his end, and was told to prepare for death, turned his face away and said, <em>And must I at last begin to think about God?<\/em> Truly says his biographer, Sorrowfuller words were never spoken by man. Far from us be it to say that these cries are never answeredwe believe that, when sincere, they always are. But, alas! how foolish to delay their utterance! how foolish to expect that there shall always be time given to utter them! and how much wiser to close with Christs offer of mercy now, and now, ere it be too late, to begin to think seriously, lovingly, prayerfully, and hopefully of God!<em>G. Gilfillan, M.A<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>THE GOOD AND FAITHFUL SERVANT<\/p>\n<p>(<em><span class='bible'>Num. 20:23-29<\/span><\/em>)<\/p>\n<p><strong>I. The common destiny of man.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Aaron shall be gathered unto his people. At death the body is gathered to the generations that are gone. One generation is buried in the dust of another, and future generations will be entombed in our dust. When one thinks of this, how worthless appear all the mere secular distinctions of this world! There are kings and counsellors of the earth, &amp;c. (<span class='bible'>Job. 3:14-15<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Job. 3:19<\/span>). Thither you and I are going. But not as to a final resting place. This Bible assures me that all that ever have left us are living nowthinking, active, conscious; and that the good who are living are living in the conscious presence of Infinite Lovein the heaven of the blest. I heard a voice from heaven saying unto me, Write, Blessed are the dead, &amp;c. (<span class='bible'>Rev. 14:13<\/span>).<\/p>\n<p><strong>II. The rigorousness of moral law.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Aaron was to die. Why? Because of a certain something which took place at Meribah, Moses and Aaron were both excluded from the Promised Land. The law demands punishment for sin even in a good man. Moral law seems to be as immutable as God Himself. Aaron went up into Mount Hor, and there he died. And his death proclaims in thunder the fact that however distinguished a man may be for his excellencies, however high he may be in the Church of God, his sin shall not go unpunished.<\/p>\n<p><strong>III. The termination of life in the midst of labour.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The work entrusted to Moses and Aaron was to conduct the children of Israel through the wilderness into the Promised Land; and this work was unfinished. We nearly all die with our work unfinished. The farmer dies when he has only half ploughed his field; the merchant dies, &amp;c. We are not surprised when an old tree, though prolific in its day, dies, for it dies by the law of decay; nor are we astonished that an unfruitful tree should be cut down, for it is a cumberer of the ground; but we are astonished that a tree, with its branches full of sap, with its boughs laden with fruit, with thousands reposing under its shadow, should be struck with a thunderbolt from heaven. Thy path, O God, is in the great waters, &amp;c.<\/p>\n<p><strong>IV. Gods agency in mans dissolution.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Why did Aaron die? He was not worn out with age. Not because there was disease rankling in his system; not because there was any external violence applied to him. Why, then, did he die? The Great One determines that he shall die, and he dies. This is always the philosophy of a mans death. Philosophy, the Bible, and reason all say, man dies because the Great One has determined that he should die. If God has determined that the frailest organisation shall live for ever, that organisation will live for ever; and so also, if He determines it, the most robust, the strong and vigorous, dies in a moment (see <span class='bible'>Job. 7:1<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Job. 14:5<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Job. 14:20<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Psa. 90:3<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Job. 1:21<\/span>).<\/p>\n<p><strong>V. The promptitude with which Providence supplies the places of the dead.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Aaron must die, but there is Eleazar standing by his side ready to step into his place. This is the order of Providence. A merchant dies, and another man stands by his side ready to carry on his business. A lawyer dies, &amp;c. A statesman dies, &amp;c. A minister leaves a pulpit, his voice becomes silent in death, and the people mourn; but God has another minister standing by ready to step into the place of the departed, and to carry on his work. Oh, how this encourages my faith in the progress of Divine truth in this world!.<br \/>But it is certainly humbling to our pride. My friend, the world can do without thee. Thou art but a blade in the field; the landscape will bloom without thee.<\/p>\n<p><strong>VI. The trial of human friendships.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Moses and Eleazar were very closely related to Aaron. Moses was more than a brother to Aaron. There was a spiritual kindredship between them. There were mental affinities and spiritual affections. They were devoted to the same great purpose, they had the same plan, they were the children of the same God; and here is their trialAaron must die.<br \/>Can it be that the great God of love, who has made us to love, and who has disposed us to give our affections to certain persons, should, by our love, make us so often wretched? There is to be a renewal of real spiritual friendship. The separation which takes place in the death of true Christian friends is more in form than in reality. In truth we become more really friends by the death separation. Death cannot destroy our loving memories of them. Death does not killnay, it seems but to intensify our affection. We are onefor ever one.<\/p>\n<p><strong>VII. The painful recognition by society of its greatest losses.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The people mourned for Aaron thirty days.<br \/>The two greatest blessings on this earth arethe Bible and good men. I need not tell you the value of the Bible, for you know it. Glorious Book for the intellect, for the imagination, for the heart, for the world, for all ages! Blessed be God for the Bible! But next to the Bible, we value good men. Good men are as fountains welling up in the desert through which you are passing; they are lights in abounding darkness; they are salt which counteracts our tendency to corruption. But the Christian minister is the best of all men, and his loss is the greatest of all losses. A man who not only has the spirit of the Bible in him, but who has given his intellect, his genius, his powers of mind to the study of the Word of God, in order to present that Word to all classes of men, dealing out a word in season to eacha word of advice to the enquiring, of counsel to the thoughtless, of caution to the young, of comfort and help to the poor and sufferingI know of no man who is rendering such a service to society and to humanity as he. Such a man was Aaron. He was more; he was an orator. God says, My servant Aaron can speak well. But he dies. His eloquent tongue is silent in death; and they wept thirty days.<em>David Thomas, D.D. Abridged from The Christian World, March<\/em> 28<em>th<\/em>, 1861.<\/p>\n<p>THE REMOVAL OF A DEVOTED SERVANT OF GOD<\/p>\n<p>(<em><span class='bible'>Num. 20:25-29<\/span><\/em>)<\/p>\n<p>In this death there were<\/p>\n<p><strong>I. The express appointment and arrangement of God.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The departure of Gods servants is never accidental or unforeseen.<\/p>\n<p><strong>II. The last attentions and ministrations of pious friendship.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Such ministrations and attentions are a privilege to<\/p>\n<p>1. <em>Those about to depart<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>2. <em>Those who for a season are to survive<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>III. The tokens of Divine favour.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In one respect Aarons death was a sign of Divine displeasure, but this displeasure was only partial. He was allowed to go to the place of his death in his robes of office.<\/p>\n<p><strong>III. The pledge of perpetuity to the Divine cause.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A successor was immediately, authoritatively, and unquestionably secured to the office that Aaron held.<\/p>\n<p><strong>V. The prospect of immortal happiness.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Mount Hor was near enough to permit a vision of Canaan.<em>J. Parsons<\/em>. From <em>The Biblical Museum<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>THE SORROWS OF BEREAVEMENT<\/p>\n<p>(<em><span class='bible'>Num. 20:29<\/span><\/em>)<\/p>\n<p>What an impressive scene is this! a whole nation bowed down by one common grief. The many thousands of Israel are mourning the death of one of the most noble and useful of men.<br \/>We too shall soon be gathered unto our people. Like waves which chase each other to the shore, or like clouds which on the heels of each other fast travel oer the face of the blue heavens, are we treading in the wake of the great departed, and soon shall arrive at the solemn bourne of our pilgrimage.<\/p>\n<p>Time is fleeting,<\/p>\n<p>And our hearts, though stout and brave,<\/p>\n<p>Still, like muffled drums, are beating<\/p>\n<p>Funeral marches to the grave.<\/p>\n<p><em>Longfellow<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>The tears of this vast congregation are sadly suggestive. Let us look into the reasons of the mourning of this nation.<\/p>\n<p><strong>I. A great and good man had been removed from their midst.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Aaron was dead.<\/p>\n<p>1. He was <em>a holy man<\/em>. The lustre of his life is clouded by a few imperfections and sins; but he was unquestionably a good man. Aaron, the saint of the Lord (<span class='bible'>Psa. 106:16<\/span>).<\/p>\n<p>2. He was <em>an eloquent man<\/em>. Aaron the LeviteI know that he can speak well (<span class='bible'>Exo. 4:14<\/span>). This great gift he had used in the highest service. It had been employed in obtaining the deliverance of the Israelites from Egyptian bondage; in speaking unto them words of reproof, counsel, instruction, and exhortation; and in speaking unto God on their behalf.<\/p>\n<p>3. <em>He filled a position of the highest honour and of the greatest importance<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Under God he was the religious head of this nation. To him was granted to approach nearer to the Most High than any man of that age, except Moses. More than once his intercessions had averted the Divine anger from the guilty people. But at the summons of God he has left them for ever. Aaron was dead. <em>(a)<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>II. A great and good man had been removed while toiling for their welfare.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Aaron was not a useless member of this great congregation; he had not become unfit for service; he was fulfilling the important functions of his sacred office. Yet God called him away, and his purposes were broken off. And still men are called away by God in the midst of service and usefulness. The statesman, the minister, the author, the physician, the parent, are sometimes thus summoned hence. To us there is much mystery in this. We cannot explain it; but we can reverently bow before it. Even so, Father; for so it seemeth good in Thy sight. <em>(b)<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>III. A great and good man had been removed when apparently his services could hardly be spared.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>To our poor mind it seems that Israel could not afford to lose Aaron. We think that they needed his experience to counsel them, his faith to plead with God for them, his brave spirit to encourage them and to assist in leading them to the Promised Land. But God is independent of even the most distinguished and useful men. When such men are removed, here is our encouragementGod ever lives and works; Christ ever lives and works; and He shall not fail nor be discouraged, till he have set judgment in the earth. <em>(c)<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>IV. A great and good man had been removed, and in his removal many had parted with a true and loving friend.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In that sorrowing nation, I have no doubt, there were not a few who had found in Aaron a kindred spirit, and rejoiced in the friendship of his affectionate heart. And more than this, Moses was his brother, and Eleazar and Ithamar were his sons. But the brother, the sons, the friends of Aaron, must all take their leave of him for ever in this world. The death of a true friend is one of the sorest sorrows that our hearts are called upon to suffer; and wrings from us the bitterest tears.<\/p>\n<p>Conclusion.<\/p>\n<p>1. <em>Prize the friends and the great and good men whom God sends amongst us while they are yet with us<\/em>. Israel did not feel the worth of Aaron until he was taken from them. Let us avoid their error, &amp;c.<\/p>\n<p>2. <em>Be thankful for Christianity<\/em>. It takes the sting and the bitterness from death. It reveals a blessed immortality, and bestows the title to it. <em>(d)<\/em><\/p>\n<p>3. <em>Remember that we too must pass away from this world<\/em>. It is appointed unto men once to die. Here have we no continuing city.<\/p>\n<p>4. <em>Live as strangers and pilgrims on the earth.<\/em> Our home is not here; our rest is not here. Our citizenship is in heaven. Lay not up for yourselves treasures upon earth, &amp;c. (<span class='bible'>Mat. 6:19-21<\/span>). Set your affections on things above, not on things on the earth. So death will be great gain.<\/p>\n<p><em>ILLUSTRATIONS<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(a)<\/em> The world can have no greater or richer boon conferred on it than the gift of a great man. The history of the world is but the history of its great men. God carries on society by such. They are the hinges on which it has turned. They measure whole ages for themselves. They are the mountain summits in the great path of human progressthe most towering landmarks of the past, and the hopes of the future. Such, too, are the princes in Israelgreat men who are not the property of a denomination but of the Church, with a breadth and richness of intellect, with a nobleness of character, and a devotion to great principles that cannot be confined to the range of one sect, whose movements stir the whole Church of God, and whose departure leaves a mighty gap. We admire and honour such men wherever we find them. We thank God for every great, noble-hearted, and honest servant of Christ. In proportion as the service rendered by such persons is real and valuable, do we learn to think highly of them, to depend on them, and to feel as if we knew not how their loss is to be supplied.<em>John Riddell<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><em>(b)<\/em> If we believe in God, in a God of order and wisdom, and especially if we believe in Jesus, the infinite support of our life, we dare not doubt for one moment, that when a great or good man dies, his whole appointed work on earth was done, that Providence had no more for him to do, that all he had to do for the world, or for his family, was completed and summed up. Now a worthy and beloved parent does not cease his influence when he dies; he rules his children still, in many cases with mightier power than by his living voice. Well may we feel that he has left such memories and impressions of his views and principles written on their hearts, and now hallowed to perpetual remembrance by the sanctifying power of death, that he, though dead, shall guide them by their very relation to him. Their very love to him indeed must make them mourn; but still, no loss is irreparable; no human loss is absolute.<em>Ibid<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><em>(c)<\/em> Let all this carry up our love, and trust, and loyalty, to Jesus alone. It is the visible mark of inferiority of all others, <em>that they die<\/em>. However great, they are limited in their greatness. They have had but a certain work to do, a limited power to put forth. They could not serve the continuous wants of the worldthey do their little work or their great work, and then they are removed. Their longer continuance might turn out a hindrance. It is the unapproachable distinction of Jesus, that He remains for ever the Prince of Peace, the grand Head of the nation, to whom all earthly princes are subject. He is the same yesterday, to-day, and for ever. Over him death hath no power; the taint of corruption cannot infect Him. No voice shall bewail His failure, no nation weep His funeral, no cry of a pierced world tell that its hope and star is gone. He liveth and reigneth for ever. He is our refuge still in times of trouble. Friends die and great men disappear from the stage; but the Saviour remains with sympathy to dry up all our tears, with power to sustain under the loss of earthly supports. As the hearts we cling to become still, then He opens all His heart to us, and in contact with it our own heart grows still and calm, and learns that, in taking from us the earthly prop. He was but drawing us nearer Himself.<em>Ibid<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><em>(d)<\/em> Life and immortality have been brought clearly to light in the Gospelin Him who hath Himself risen the firstfruits of them that sleep. And hence the Christian alone looks with cheerful hopefulness in death. Others may face it with steadfastness or calmhe alone lies down to sleep in hope. Not only without fear, but in joy he enters the dark valley, and friends lay him in the narrow prison-house, dust to dust, in the hope of a joyful resurrection. For this corruptible must put on incorruption, &amp;c. (<span class='bible'>1Co. 15:53-57<\/span>).<\/p>\n<p>It is this fact of Resurrection which leads the apostle to say that we who remain alive should not sorrow for our dead ones, even as others which have no hope (<span class='bible'>1Th. 4:13<\/span>). Why, indeed, should we thus sorrow, who believe that as Jesus died and rose again, even so them also who sleep in Jesus will God bring with Him? They who had no such faith, might well weep as they buried their Dead out of sight, and knew not whether they should evermore see the light of life. But why should we hopelessly weep for those who are resting with the Lordwho have gone before to be for ever with Him? Why, indeed, but for the faintness of our hearts and the weakness of our flesh? Let us sorrow rather for ourselves, that our sight is so dim and our faith so dullthat we are so little able to look beyond things which are seen and temporal to those which are unseen and eternal. The Living, rather than the Dead, may have a claim upon our sorrowful regard. For the Dead have gone beyond our anxiety. They have entered into their rest. They are asleep in Jesus; while the Living, who are around us, and with us, may be wandering far from Him, may be wounding Him by their sins, may be crucifying Him afresh and putting Him to an open shame. It is as if we were to weep for the child resting in its fathers bosom, sheltered in a happy home, rather than for the child who has gone astray in darkness, and cannot find its homeward way. It is as if we were to sorrow for the mariner who has found a safe harbour, and rests in peace, rather than for the storm-tossed sailor in the open main, around whom the billows may be heaving high, and over whom the sky may be darkening to his doom. No, brethren, let us not sorrow for those who are with God, safe in a Fathers house, sheltered in the haven of eternal rest. But let us be anxious and careful for the living, that we may help them, and guide them by Gods blessing in a right way; and for ourselves, that we may know the things which belong unto our peace, before they are hid from our eyes.<em>Principal Tulloch, D.D<\/em>.<\/p>\n<h4 align='right'><i><b>Fuente: The Preacher&#8217;s Complete Homiletical Commentary Edited by Joseph S. Exell<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n<p><strong>II. KADESH TO HESHBON (<\/strong><strong><span class='bible'>Numbers 20<\/span><\/strong><strong>; <\/strong><strong><span class='bible'>Numbers 21<\/span><\/strong><strong>)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>A. DEATH OF MIRIAM <\/strong><strong><span class='bible'>Num. 20:1<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>TEXT<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>Num. 20:1<\/span>. Then came the children of Israel, even the whole congregation, into the desert of Zin in the first month: and the people abode in Kadesh; and Miriam died there, and was buried there.<\/p>\n<p><strong>PARAPHRASE<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>Num. 20:1<\/span>. Then the children of Israel, the entire congregation, came into the wilderness of Zin in the first month, and the people stayed at Kadesh; and Miriam died there and was buried there.<\/p>\n<p><strong>COMMENTARY<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Now the period of wandering has ended. Presumably, all those who had lived under the sentence of death outside of the Promised Land are either dead or will die within this, the fortieth year since leaving Egypt. Moses stresses the fact that it is the entire congregation which assembles at Kadesh. They may have touched in at this spot many times during the years of wandering, but now they are brought together for a clear purpose: the time has arrived to begin the last phase of their journey and to enter Canaan. Their last great decision had been reached herethat they would not follow Joshua and Caleb in claiming the Promised Land immediately after the spies had returned from their mission. A totally different attitude now seems to pervade the crowd with reference to coming into their assigned inheritance. But is far more than a simple brief trip due north, as geography would indicate. They face a long journey, through hostile country; they will be ungrateful, just as their fathers had been, for Gods provisions; they will murmur when they are in trouble or in short supply of food or water; they will be brought into conflict with many armies among the countries they visit; they will yield to strong temptations in immorality and suffer the bitter consequences. Yet there is a great difference: at least a vast majority will rise to the occasion and their influence will dominate the nation. They will recognize the leading hand of the Lord and follow more willingly, They will be granted victory on the battlefield and physical necessities in the camp, It is a major turning point in their tempestuous history.<br \/>The very first incident related upon their return to Kadesh is the brief, almost casual, note of the death of Miriam. If this seems curt or indifferent, let the following facts be noted: Miriam had been far from exemplary on occasion; in the entire Bible, the deaths of very few women are noted at all; when the death of anyone is mentioned, it is ordinarily little more than a simple statement of the fact; her death appears to have been from natural causes, since there is no reason to associate the fact with any misconduct, past or present; the thrust of the account demands that we move forward, and undue or excessive details now would interrupt the flow of Moses account; and, finally, neither of her brothers was ultimately to enter Canaan, and all were excluded by their various offenses. Aaron would expire in the fifth month of the same year, while Moses death occurred almost at the close of the year. RCP adds that while Moses and Aaron died by the mouth of God, the phrase is not used here (p. 155).<\/p>\n<p><strong>QUESTIONS AND RESEARCH ITEMS<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>339.<\/p>\n<p>Identify the Wilderness of Zin, establishing its borders on all sides. Distinguish this wilderness from the Wilderness of Sin.<\/p>\n<p>340.<\/p>\n<p>Can you give any reasonable explanation of the fact that so little is said of the wandering period?<\/p>\n<p>341.<\/p>\n<p>Why did the Israelites not simply march north from Kadesh into the Promised Land?<\/p>\n<p>342.<\/p>\n<p>Mention of Miriams death seems almost casual. Why is it given so little attention? Discuss your answer.<\/p>\n<p>343.<\/p>\n<p>What evidence is there that we have now entered the fortieth year since the Exodus?<\/p>\n<p>344.<\/p>\n<p>Compute Miriams age at the time of her death.<\/p>\n<h4 align='right'><i><b>Fuente: College Press Bible Study Textbook Series<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n<p><strong>XX.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>(1) <strong>Then came . . . <\/strong>It would be better to translate thus: <em>And <\/em>(or, <em>Now<\/em>)<em> the children of Israel came <\/em>(or, <em>had come<\/em>)<em> <\/em>. . ., inasmuch as the interval of time between the events related in the preceding chapters and in this chapter is unknown.<\/p>\n<p><strong>In the first month.<\/strong>It has been commonly supposed that the reference is to the first month of the fortieth year, when the Israelites are thought to have arrived for the second time at Kadesh. Some, however, are of opinion that the journey is the same as that which is mentioned in <span class='bible'>Num. 12:16<\/span>, and in <span class='bible'>Deu. 1:19<\/span>; and that the arrival at Kadesh was on the first month of the third year, <em>i.e., <\/em>the year which followed the departure from Sinai, which departure took place on the twentieth day of the second month, in the second year after the exodus.<\/p>\n<p><strong>And the people abode in Kadesh.<\/strong>It is evident that the sojourn in Kadesh was a protracted one, whether Kadesh did, or did not serve as the head-quarters of the people from the second or third year of the exodus until that in which they entered into the land of Canaan. See <span class='bible'>Deu. 1:46<\/span>, where Moses describes the length of the sojourn in Kadesh by the words many days, the same words which he employs in <span class='bible'>Num. 20:15<\/span> to denote the length of the sojourn in the land of Egypt. It cannot, however, be inferred from the simple use of the word which is here rendered <em>abode <\/em>that the sojourn at Kadesh at the beginning of the fortieth year was of long duration (see <span class='bible'>Jdg. 11:17<\/span>, where the same word is used). Hence no legitimate conclusion can be drawn from the use of this word respecting the reference of the verse to an arrival at Kadesh at the beginning of the third or of the fortieth year after the exodus. (See 20:14, and Note).<\/p>\n<h4 align='right'><i><b>Fuente: Ellicott&#8217;s Commentary for English Readers (Old and New Testaments)<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n<p> ARRIVAL AT KADESH, <span class='bible'>Num 20:1<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><strong> 1<\/strong>. <strong> <\/strong> <strong> The whole congregation <\/strong> This form of expression strongly confirms the suggestion of a wide dispersion of Israel during the years of Jehovah&rsquo;s displeasure. But now, when his judicial sentence is about to expire, there is a grand rally of all the wanderers unto Kadesh, the point from which they diverged. <\/p>\n<p><strong> Desert of Zin <\/strong> This is the Arabah, or valley along the western side of Mount Seir. See <span class='bible'>Num 13:21<\/span>, note. It must be distinguished from the Wilderness of Sin, on the eastern shore of the Red Sea, northwest of Mount Sinai. <span class='bible'>Exo 16:1<\/span>, note. Palmer advances the theory that Zin is the &ldquo;south-east corner of the Desert et Tih, between Akabah and the head of Wady Garaiyeh.&rdquo; <\/p>\n<p><strong> First month <\/strong> The subsequent account proves that this is the first month of the fortieth year of the Exode. See Introduction, (4.) <strong> Kadesh <\/strong> is by some regarded as a <em> district <\/em> on the south of Canaan, and extending eastward into the Arabah, or Wilderness of Zin. Various points in this district have been selected by travellers as the site of the camp as, Petra, by Stanley; Ain-el-Weibeh, by Robinson; and Ain Gadis, by Rowlands and Williams, about fifty miles west-northwest of Mount Horeb, according to Palmer&rsquo;s map. See <span class='bible'>Gen 14:7<\/span>, note. <strong> Miriam <\/strong> is probably the sister of Moses who watched the ark in the flags of the Nile. <span class='bible'>Exo 2:4<\/span>. She never lost the influence of seniority. In <span class='bible'>Mic 6:4<\/span>, she is enrolled as one of the three deliverers. She was the first of the family who exhibited prophetic gifts. <span class='bible'>Exo 15:20<\/span>. She was unenviably conspicuous in the opposition to Moses (<span class='bible'>Num 12:1<\/span>) when the ambitious prophetess was smitten with leprosy, and restored at the entreaty of her sorrowful brothers. This was the last public event in her life. According to Josephus she was the wife of Hur and grandmother of Bezaleel the architect. She must have been about one hundred and thirty years old. In the Koran she is confounded with the Virgin Mary.<\/p>\n<h4 align='right'><i><b>Fuente: Whedon&#8217;s Commentary on the Old and New Testaments<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n<p> <strong> 1). The Waters of Meribah (<span class='bible'><strong> Num 20:1-13<\/strong><\/span><\/strong> <strong> ).<\/strong> <\/p>\n<p> This first incident occurred through lack of water (<span class='bible'>Num 20:1-13<\/span>). Shortage of water in the hot and dry desert and semi-desert areas had been a continuing problem throughout the wilderness experience and it raised its head here seemingly for the last time. Note the play on words. The passage begins with the death of Miriam (mrym) and the dearth of water at Kadesh (qdsh = holy place) and ends with the life-giving waters of Meribah (mrybh) and the &lsquo;making holy&rsquo; (yqdsh) of Yahweh. <\/p>\n<p> This can be analysed as follows: <\/p>\n<p style='margin-left:3.6em'><strong> a<\/strong> &ldquo;The children of Israel&rdquo; come into the wilderness of Zin and dwell in Kadesh (qdsh) (<span class='bible'>Num 20:1<\/span> a). <\/p>\n<p style='margin-left:3.6em'><strong> b <\/strong> Miriam (mrym) dies there and the people strive (ryb) with Moses and Aaron for lack of water (<span class='bible'>Num 20:1-3<\/span>). <\/p>\n<p style='margin-left:3.6em'><strong> c <\/strong> The people complain because they are excluded from the pleasures of Egypt and Moses and Aaron intercede before Yahweh (<span class='bible'>Num 20:4-6<\/span>). <\/p>\n<p style='margin-left:3.6em'><strong> d <\/strong> Yahweh promises water from a rock at the voice of command (<span class='bible'>Num 20:7-8<\/span>). <\/p>\n<p style='margin-left:3.6em'><strong> d <\/strong> Water gushes out from the rock when Moses strikes the rock in anger (<span class='bible'>Num 20:9-11<\/span>) <\/p>\n<p style='margin-left:3.6em'><strong> c <\/strong> Yahweh complains at Moses and Aaron because they have not sanctified Him in the eyes of Israel and He punishes them by exclusion from the land (<span class='bible'>Num 20:12<\/span>). <\/p>\n<p style='margin-left:3.6em'><strong> b <\/strong> The place is called the waters of Meribah (mrybh) because water is provided in the face of the people&rsquo;s striving (ryb)(<span class='bible'>Num 20:13<\/span> a). <\/p>\n<p style='margin-left:3.6em'><strong> a <\/strong> This was because &lsquo;the children of Israel&rsquo; strove (ryb) there with Yahweh and He was sanctified (yqdsh) in them (<span class='bible'>Num 20:13<\/span> b).<\/p>\n<p> We must now consider this in detail. <\/p>\n<p><strong> Miriam (mrym) Dies and The People Strive With Moses and Aaron For Lack of Water (<span class='bible'><strong> Num 20:1-3<\/strong><\/span><\/strong> <strong> ).<\/strong> <\/p>\n<p> <span class='bible'><strong> Num 20:1<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style='margin-left:1.8em'>&lsquo;And the children of Israel, even the whole congregation, came to the wilderness of Zin in the first month. And the people abode in Kadesh, and Miriam died there, and was buried there.&rsquo; <\/p>\n<p> In the first month the people arrived at the wilderness of Zin in the Negeb. (This was probably the first month of the fortieth year after leaving Egypt (<span class='bible'>Num 33:38<\/span>). But the emphasis here is on which month it occurred in). &lsquo;The first month&rsquo; would spring out at those early readers. It was the anniversary of the Passover. It should have reinvigorated the people and encouraged their hopes of deliverance, but instead of the joyous celebration and hope that there should have been we find sorrow. As the people settled down in the area of Kadesh (qdsh) Miriam died there. <\/p>\n<p> There was a threefold reason for the mention of this sad event. The first was because her death linked with the shortage of water. There was both physical drought and spiritual drought. This suggests what a blow this was to the people. In spite of her failings Miriam had been a provider of spiritual sustenance to the people, and they recognised that her death would bring them a spiritual drought along with the physical drought caused by lack of water. <\/p>\n<p> The second was that Miriam&rsquo;s death brought home God&rsquo;s warning that the generation of which she was a member were doomed to die in the wilderness. It was even true of Miriam. <\/p>\n<p> The third was because the death of Miriam (Mrym) would lead on both to the production of abundance of water at Meribah (Mrybh), and the &lsquo;contention&rsquo; (mrybh) of God both with the people and with Moses and Aaron. When the people of God are at their lowest God always meets them with greater blessing, but in this case it would be a mixed blessing, for at Meribah Aaron and Moses would disqualify themselves from entry into the land. This would lead on to the death of Aaron, and more gloom. But it would then result in the appointment of a new High Priest and the even greater abundance of water at Beer (<span class='bible'>Num 21:16<\/span>). Man proposes, but God disposes, and then comes in with even greater blessing for His people. He is ever ready to begin with us again. <\/p>\n<p> Life is like that. God takes our disappointments and uses them to make us look to Christ. There we find in Him sustenance and life. But how easily we can then spoil it all by allowing sin to take over, so hindering our growth. <\/p>\n<p> The arrival at Kadesh (qdsh) would also result in the &lsquo;sanctifying&rsquo; (yqdsh) of Yahweh &lsquo;in (by) them&rsquo; (<span class='bible'>Num 20:13<\/span>), that is either by the provision of the waters of Meribah or in the people. His holiness was revealed either by the demonstrating of His compassion in miraculously providing water or through His being made holy in the sight of His people. <\/p>\n<p> As previously mentioned above this can be compared with <span class='bible'>Deu 10:6-7<\/span>, where Moses preceded the death of Aaron with being at &lsquo;the springs of the sons of Yaakan&rsquo;, leading on to Moserah (chastisement), and followed it with arrival at &lsquo;Yotbathah, a land of brooks of water&rsquo;. The final emphasis of the whole section is therefore on blessing beyond Aaron. <\/p>\n<p> The shortage of water at Kadesh (qdsh) is at first sight surprising. The site we identify with it included a group of oases in the Negeb. If that was the Kadesh mentioned here then this shortage of water may thus have been due to exceptionally dry conditions, to drought, which might explain why the people were so disappointed as a result of finding Kadesh short of water when they had been expecting an abundance. Coming to such a place with such expectation and finding insufficient water would have been a huge shock, which might well have precipitated their despair. Or it may be that it was another Kadesh (it was likely to be a common name), on the borders of Edom, where there was no water. <\/p>\n<p> It will be noted that the name Kadesh (qdsh &#8211; holy place) relates to yqdsh in <span class='bible'>Num 20:13<\/span>. It was to be the place where Yahweh was sanctified. God&rsquo;s holiness and mercy is often revealed when an unexpected period of darkness is followed by a period of blessing. <\/p>\n<p> <span class='bible'><strong> Num 20:2<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style='margin-left:1.8em'>&lsquo;And there was no water for the congregation, and they assembled themselves together against Moses and against Aaron.&rsquo; <\/p>\n<p> At the same time as Miriam died there was a real shortage of water. The dry wilderness and the hot sun were beginning to tell. So instead of a feast of rejoicing all was gloom. Miriam had died and Kadesh had failed them. They had no song and they had no water. They were at a low ebb. <\/p>\n<p> <span class='bible'><strong> Num 20:3<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style='margin-left:1.8em'>&lsquo;And the people strove with Moses, and spoke, saying, &ldquo;Would that we had died when our brethren died before Yahweh&rdquo; &rsquo; <\/p>\n<p> The result was that once more the people began to rebel. They sent their leaders to make their feelings known to Moses. They &lsquo;strove&rsquo; (ryb) with Moses, and their cry expressed the wish that they had never survived to have to face up to such thirst. They rather wished that they had died when their fellow-tribesmen had died &lsquo;before Yahweh&rsquo;. Judgment would have been better than this. Their thoughts were seemingly still on the ground that had swallowed up Dathan and Abiram, and the fire that had destroyed the rebellious Levites (<span class='bible'>Numbers 17<\/span>). Better had it been for them, they said, if they had been included. Although it is equally possible that they were referring to those who had died throughout the period in the wilderness as having died &lsquo;before Yahweh&rsquo;, because it was seen as His specific judgment on them. <\/p>\n<h4 align='right'><i><b>Fuente: Commentary Series on the Bible by Peter Pett<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n<p> <span class='bible'><strong> Num 20:1-13<\/strong><\/span> <strong> Moses Disobeys the Lord and Strikes the Rock &#8211; <\/strong> This story illustrates how the murmuring of the people caused their leader to make a wrong choice. Because Moses struck the rock twice in his anger, he was not allowed to enter the Promised Land. Of course, the Lord had Moses appoint Joshua in his place, but this did not means that it was God perfect and most effective plan for the children of Israel. This wrong choice ultimately affected the entire congregation. When the people of a church begin to murmur and gossip against their pastor and church leaders, it has a very negative effect upon their entire church. They harm themselves in the process.<\/p>\n<p> <span class='bible'><strong> Num 20:8<\/strong><\/span> <strong> &nbsp;Take the rod, and gather thou the assembly together, thou, and Aaron thy brother, and speak ye unto the rock before their eyes; and it shall give forth his water, and thou shalt bring forth to them water out of the rock: so thou shalt give the congregation and their beasts drink.<\/p>\n<p> <span class='bible'>Num 20:8<\/span><\/strong> <strong> &ldquo;and speak ye to the rock before their eyes&rdquo; &#8211; <\/strong> <strong><em> Comments &#8211; <\/em><\/strong> The rod of Moses was not only used to bring ten plagues upon Egypt and part the Red Sea, but it was used by God through Moses to strike the Rock. <span class='bible'>1Co 10:4<\/span> says that the Rock was Christ. Moses striking the Rock with the rod is a type of God using man to crucify Jesus on the Cross. God, through man, brought about this act. When Moses struck the rock the second time out of anger (<span class='bible'>Num 20:11<\/span>), it was a type of crucifying the Son of God a second time (<span class='bible'>Heb 6:6<\/span>).<\/p>\n<p style='margin-left:1.8em'> <span class='bible'>1Co 10:4<\/span>, &ldquo;And did all drink the same spiritual drink: for they drank of that spiritual Rock that followed them: and that Rock was Christ.&rdquo;<\/p>\n<p style='margin-left:1.8em'> <span class='bible'>Num 20:11<\/span>, &ldquo;And Moses lifted up his hand, and with his rod he smote the rock twice: and the water came out abundantly, and the congregation drank, and their beasts also. And the LORD spake unto Moses and Aaron, Because ye believed me not, to sanctify me in the eyes of the children of Israel, therefore ye shall not bring this congregation into the land which I have given them.&rdquo;<\/p>\n<p style='margin-left:1.8em'> <span class='bible'>Heb 6:6<\/span>, &ldquo;If they shall fall away, to renew them again unto repentance; seeing they crucify to themselves the Son of God afresh, and put him to an open shame.&rdquo;<\/p>\n<p> God struck Jesus once for all that we might have living water. Note <span class='bible'>Num 20:8<\/span>, &ldquo;speak to rock.&rdquo; Now man can speak to Jesus, call upon his name, so that we may have living water (eternal life).<\/p>\n<p> Note that the same rock that was used to write the Ten Commandments was also used to produce the Living Water.<\/p>\n<p style='margin-left:1.8em'> <span class='bible'>1Co 10:4<\/span>, &ldquo;And did all drink the same spiritual drink: for they drank of that spiritual Rock that followed them: and that Rock was Christ.&rdquo;<\/p>\n<p> <span class='bible'><strong> Num 20:13<\/strong><\/span> <strong> &nbsp;This is the water of Meribah; because the children of Israel strove with the LORD, and he was sanctified in them.<\/p>\n<p> <span class='bible'><strong> Num 20:13<\/strong><\/span><\/strong> <strong> <\/strong> <strong><em> Word Study on &ldquo;Meribah&rdquo; <\/em><\/strong> <em> PTW<\/em> tells us that the name &ldquo;Meribah&rdquo; means, &ldquo;quarrel.&rdquo;<\/p>\n<p> <span class='bible'><strong> Num 20:28<\/strong><\/span> <strong> &nbsp;And Moses stripped Aaron of his garments, and put them upon Eleazar his son; and Aaron died there in the top of the mount: and Moses and Eleazar came down from the mount.<\/p>\n<p> <span class='bible'>Num 20:28<\/span><\/strong> <strong><em> Comments &#8211; <\/em><\/strong> According to <span class='bible'>Num 33:38-39<\/span> this was the fortieth year of the Exodus. Aaron was now 123 years old, 3 years older than Moses at death (<span class='bible'>Deu 34:7<\/span>).<\/p>\n<p style='margin-left:1.8em'> <span class='bible'>Num 33:38-39<\/span>, &ldquo;And Aaron the priest went up into mount Hor at the commandment of the LORD, and died there, in the fortieth year after the children of Israel were come out of the land of Egypt, in the first day of the fifth month. And Aaron was an hundred and twenty and three years old when he died in mount Hor.&rdquo;<\/p>\n<p style='margin-left:1.8em'> <span class='bible'>Deu 34:7<\/span>, &ldquo;And Moses was an hundred and twenty years old when he died: his eye was not dim, nor his natural force abated.&rdquo;<\/p>\n<h4 align='right'><i><b>Fuente: Everett&#8217;s Study Notes on the Holy Scriptures<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n<p><strong><\/p>\n<p><\/strong> The Murmuring of the People At Kadesh<strong><\/p>\n<p> v. 1. Then came the children of Israel, even the whole congregation, into the Desert of Zin,<\/strong> on the northern border of the Wilderness of Paran, <strong> in the first month<\/strong> of the fortieth year of the wilderness journey, Cf v. 29 with <span class='bible'>Num 33:38<\/span>; <strong> and the people abode in Kadesh,<\/strong> in or near the place where they had camped some thirty-eight years before, <span class='bible'>Num 13:26<\/span>. The older generation had in the mean time died, being overthrown in the wilderness for their unbelief, <span class='bible'>1Co 10:5<\/span>. <strong> And Miriam,<\/strong> the prophetess, the sister of Moses and Aaron, and the most prominent among all the women of the host, <strong> died there, and was buried there. <\/p>\n<p>v. 2. And there was no water for the congregation; and they gathered themselves together against Moses and against Aaron,<\/strong> in a dissatisfied mob, just as their fathers had done before them. <strong><\/p>\n<p>v. 3. And the people chode with Moses and spake, saying, Would God that we had died when our brethren,<\/strong> all those that had gradually been taken away during the stay in the wilderness, <strong> died before the Lord!<\/strong> <strong><\/p>\n<p>v. 4. And why have ye brought up the congregation of the Lord into this wilderness that we and our cattle should die there?<\/strong> It is the same unreasonable grumbling, the same exaggeration of unbelief which had characterized the actions of the people more than a generation before. <strong><\/p>\n<p>v. 5. And wherefore have ye made us to come up out of Egypt,<\/strong> which the memory of their childhood now painted before their eyes in glowing colors, <strong> to bring us in unto this evil place? It is no place of seed, that is, where grain can grow, or of figs, or of vines, or of pomegranates; neither is there any water to drink. <\/strong> They missed all the delights of field and orchard and vineyard, and the entire situation filled them with disgust. <strong><\/p>\n<p>v. 6. And Moses and Aaron went from the presence of the assembly,<\/strong> where they had heard the bitter complaint, <strong> unto the door of the Tabernacle of the Congregation; and they fell upon their faces,<\/strong> in helpless surrender and in pleading supplications <strong> And the glory of the Lord appeared unto them,<\/strong> in majestic contrast to their abject perplexity. Christians should also keep in mind at all times that it is nothing but God&#8217;s goodness and mercy which still takes care of them, in spite of all their dissatisfaction and their many faults. <\/p>\n<h4 align='right'><i><b>Fuente: The Popular Commentary on the Bible by Kretzmann<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n<p><strong>EXPOSITION<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>THE<\/strong> <strong>LAST<\/strong> <strong>MARCH<\/strong>: <strong>FROM<\/strong> <strong>KADESH<\/strong> <strong>TO<\/strong> <strong>HOR<\/strong> (<span class='bible'>Num 20:1-29<\/span>).<\/p>\n<p><strong><span class='bible'>Num 20:1<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Then came the children of Israel, even the whole congregation.<\/strong> The latter words are emphatic here and in <span class='bible'>Num 20:22<\/span>, and seem intended to mark the period of reassembly after the dispersion of nearly thirty eight years. Probably a portion of the tribes had visited Kadesh many times during those years, and perhaps it had never been wholly abandoned. <strong>Into the desert of Zin,<\/strong> <em>i.e; <\/em>if the western site be maintained for Kadesh, the Wady Murreh. See the note on Kadesh. <strong>In<\/strong> <strong>the first month. <\/strong>In the month Abib (Nisan), the vernal month, when there was &#8220;much grass&#8221; (cf. <span class='bible'>Joh 6:10<\/span>) in places at other seasons desert, and when traveling was most easy. From comparison of <span class='bible'>Num 14:33<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Num 33:38<\/span> and the sequence of the narrative, it appears to have, been the first month of the fortieth, and last year of wandering, Then it was that they reassembled in the same neighbourhood from whence they had dispersed so long before (see the note before <span class='bible'>Num 15:1-41<\/span>). <strong>And the people abode <\/strong><em> <\/em><strong>in<\/strong><em> <\/em><strong>Kadesh. <\/strong>From the date given in <span class='bible'>Num 33:38<\/span> it would seem that they remained three or four months in Kadesh on this occasion. This delay may have been occasioned partly by the ingraining for Miriam (cf. <span class='bible'>Num 33:29<\/span>), and partly by the necessity of awaiting answers from Edom and from Moab (see on <span class='bible'>Num 33:14<\/span>).<strong> And Miriam died there, and was buried.<\/strong> Nothing could be more brief and formal than this mention of the death of one who had played a considerable part in Israel, and had perhaps wished to play a more considerable part. It can scarcely, however, be doubted that her death in the unlovely wilderness was a punishment like the death of her brothers. There is no reason whatever to suppose that she had any part in the rebellion of Kadesh, or that the sentence of death there pronounced included her; she was indeed at this time advanced in years, rut that would not in itself account for the fact that she died in exile; it is, no doubt, to the arrogance and rebellion recorded in <span class='bible'>Num 12:1-16<\/span> that we must look for the true explanation of her untimely end.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span class='bible'>Num 20:2<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>There<\/strong> <strong>was no water. <\/strong>There was a large natural spring at Kadesh, and during the time of their previous sojourn there no complaint of this sort seems to have arisen. At this time, however, the bulk of the encampment may have lain in a different direction (cf. <span class='bible'>Num 20:1<\/span> with <span class='bible'>Num 13:26<\/span>), or the supply may have failed frorn temporary causes. In either case a total absence of water need not be imagined, but only an insufficient supply.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span class='bible'>Num 20:3<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>And the people abode with Moses. <\/strong>As their fathers had done in similar circumstances, as recorded in <span class='bible'>Exo 17:1-16<\/span>. <strong>Would God that we had died.<\/strong> See on <span class='bible'>Num 14:2<\/span>.<strong> When our brethren died before the Lord. <\/strong>This is difficult, because the visitations of God at Kibroth-hattaavah (<span class='bible'>Num 11:34<\/span>) and at Kadesh (<span class='bible'>Num 14:37<\/span>) had overtaken not their brethren, but their fathers, some thirty-eight years before. On the other hand, the daily mortality which had carried off their brethren is clearly excluded by the phrase, &#8220;before the Lord.&#8221; It may he that the rebellion of Korah happened towards <strong>the <\/strong>end of the period of wandering, and that the reference is to the plague which followed it; or it may be that the formula of complaint had become stereotyped, as those of children often do, and was employed from time <strong>to <\/strong>time without variation and without definite reference. The latter supposition is strongly supported by the character of the words which follow.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span class='bible'>Num 20:4<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Why have ye brought up<\/strong> <strong>the congregation of the Lord into this wilderness?<\/strong> These words are almost exactly repeated from <span class='bible'>Exo 17:3<\/span>. They, and those which follow, are no doubt out of place if considered as expressing the feelings of the great bulk of the people, who had no knowledge of Egypt, and had grown up in the wilderness. But on such occasions it is always the few who put words into the months of the many, and the ringleaders in this gainsaying would naturally be the survivors of the elder generation, whose dis. position was exactly the same as ever, and who had always shown a remarkable want of originality in their complaints.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span class='bible'>Num 20:5<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>No<\/strong> <strong>place of seed. <\/strong>Septuagint,    <em>. <\/em>A place where there is no sowing, and therefore no harvest.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span class='bible'>Num 20:6<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>They fell<\/strong> <strong>upon their faces. <\/strong>See note on <span class='bible'>Num 14:5<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span class='bible'>Num 20:8<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Take the rod.<\/strong> The , or staff of office, with which Moses and Aaron had worked wonders before Pharaoh (<span class='bible'>Exo 7:9<\/span> <em>sq.<\/em>),<em> <\/em>and with which Moses had smitten the rock in Rephidim (<span class='bible'>Exo 17:6<\/span>). This rod had not been mentioned, nor perhaps used, since then; but we might certainly have supposed that the instrument of so many miracles would be reverently laid up in the tabernacle &#8220;before the Lord,&#8221; and, this we find from the next verse to have been the case. <strong>Gather<\/strong> <strong>thou the assembly together, <\/strong><em>i.e; <\/em>by their representatives. <strong>Speak ye unto the rock before their eyes. <\/strong>The word used for the rock in this narrative is  instead of , as in <span class='bible'>Exo 17:1-16<\/span>. It does not seem that any certain distinction of meaning can be drawn between the words, which are obviously interchanged in <span class='bible'>Jdg 6:20<\/span>, <span class='bible'>Jdg 6:21<\/span>, and are both translated  by the Septuagint; but the careful use of different terms in the two narratives serves to distinguish them, just as the use of <em> <\/em>and<em> <\/em><em> <\/em>by St. Mark  helps to distinguish the two miracles of feeding the multitude.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span class='bible'>Num 20:10<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Hear now, ye rebels. <\/strong>. Septuagint,  . The verb is used in a similar sense of Moses and Aaron themselves in <span class='bible'>Num 20:24<\/span>. It has been suggested that this was the word really used by our Lord in <span class='bible'>Mat 5:22<\/span>, and translated . This, however, is extremely precarious, and is indeed to accuse the Evangelist of a blunder, for<strong> <\/strong>there is no real correspondence between the words.<strong> Must we fetch you water. <\/strong>Septuagint,    . And this is no doubt the sense. It has been rendered by some &#8220;Can we fetch you water,&#8221; on the supposition that Moses really doubted the possibility of such a miracle, but this seems to be an entire mistake (see next note).<\/p>\n<p><strong><span class='bible'>Num 20:12<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Because ye believed me not, to sanctify me in the eyes of the children of <\/strong>Israel. It is very important, and at the same time very difficult, to understand what the precise sin of Moses and Aaron was upon this occasion. That it was very serious is manifest from the punishment which is entailed. Aaron, indeed, does not appear in the narrative, save in his usual subordinate position as associated with his brother by the Divine mandate. It has been said that he might have checked the unadvised words of Moses, but that is wholly beside the mark. Aaron had obviously no control whatever over his far more able and energetic brother, and therefore could have no responsibility in that respect. We can only suppose that he inwardly assented to the language and conduct with which he was outwardly associated, and therefore shared the guilt. A less degree of sin was (so to speak) necessary in his cause, because he had on former occasions so greatly dishonoured his office; and the anger of God against the sin of his ministers, although laid to sleep, is ever ready to awake upon the recurrence of a similar provocation. We<em> <\/em>may therefore dismiss him, and consider only the case of Moses. It is impossible to suppose that Moses actually doubted the power of God to supply the present need, for he held in his hand the very rod with which he had struck the rock in Rephidim, nor is there anything in his words or acts upon this occasion to imply any such disbelief. The language of <span class='bible'>Num 11:21<\/span>, <span class='bible'>Num 11:22<\/span> may be cited on the other side, but that was spoken in passion, and spoken to God, and cannot be held as expressing an actual failure of faith. Nor do subsequent references point to unbelief as having been the sin of Moses (cf. <span class='bible'>Num 27:14<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Deu 32:51<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Psa 106:33<\/span>). Rather, they point to disobedience and indiscretion; to such disloyal conduct and language as produced a bad impression upon the people, and did not place the Divine character before them in its true light. We must understand, therefore, that the want of belief with which Moses stood charged was not a want of faith in the power of God, but a want of obedience to the will of God, bearing in mind that the two faults of disbelief and disobedience are but two sides of one inward fact, and are perpetually confounded in the language of Scripture (compare the use of  in the New Testament). What then was the disobedience of Moses? Here, again, the more obvious answer is insufficient. It is true that Moses struck the rock twice instead of (or perhaps in addition to) speaking to it; but God had bid him take the rod, and he might naturally think he was meant to use it as before; moreover, the people could not have known anything of the exact terms of the command, and would have thought no more of his striking the rock at Kadesh than at Rephidim; but it was the fact of the bad impression made upon the people which was the ground of the Divine rebuke. We come back, therefore, to the simple conclusion expressed by the Psalmist (<span class='bible'>Psa 106:32<\/span>, <span class='bible'>Psa 106:33<\/span>), that Moses lost his temper, and in the irritation of the moment spoke and acted in such a way and in such a spirit as to dishonour his Master and to impair the good effect of the Divine beneficence. It is quite likely that the repeated striking of the rock was one sign of the anger to which Moses gave way, but we could hardly have attached any serious character to the act if it had stood alone. It is in the words of Moses, words in which he associated Aaron with himself, that we must find the explanation of the displeasure he incurred. That he called the people &#8220;rebels&#8221; was unseemly, not because it was untrue, or because it was an uncalled-for term of reproach, but because he himself was at that very moment a rebel, and disloyal in heart to his Master (cf. <span class='bible'>Num 11:24<\/span>). That he should say, &#8220;Must<em> <\/em>we<em> <\/em>fetch you water out of this rock?&#8221; showed how completely he was carried away. It is true that God had said to him, &#8220;Thou shalt bring forth to them water,&#8221; and, &#8220;Thou shalt give the congregation  drink&#8221; (compare this with <span class='bible'>Exo 17:6<\/span>), and it is probable that his own words were more or less consciously dictated by this remembrance; but he knew very well that the Divine mandate afforded him no real justification; that he and Aaron were the merest instruments in the hand of God; that it was peculiarly necessary to keep this fact before the minds of the people; nevertheless, his vexation and anger betrayed him into putting himselfa mere man, and a man too in a very bad temperinto the place of God before the eyes of the whole congregation. Moses had fallen at least once before (see on <span class='bible'>Num 11:11-15<\/span>) into a similar error, one so natural to an angry mind; but this was the first time that he had made his error public, and thereby dishonoured the Master whom it was his special duty to uphold and glorify. This was the sin, and if the punishment seem disproportionate, it must be remembered that the heinousness of a sin depends quite as much on the position of the sinner as upon its intrinsic enormity. <strong>Ye shall not bring this<\/strong> <strong>congregation into the land.<\/strong> That they should die in the wilderness was implied in this sentence, but was not strictly a part of the sentence itself. Moses, indeed, although he did not enter the land of promise in its narrower sense, yet he died within the inheritance of Israel. Since they had behaved unworthily of their high office as leaders of the people, therefore that office should be taken from them before the glorious end.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span class='bible'>Num 20:13<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>This is<\/strong> <strong>the water of Meribah,<\/strong> or &#8220;water of strife.&#8221; Septuagint,  <em>. <\/em>The word &#8220;Meribah&#8221; appears, however, to form part of a proper name in <span class='bible'>Deu 32:51<\/span>. A similar use of the word is recorded in <span class='bible'>Exo 17:7<\/span>. That the same name was more or less definitely attached to these two scenes is only another way of saying that there was a strong similarity between the two sets of associations. At the same time the differences are so marked in the narratives that they leave very distinct impressions upon the mind. <strong>And he was sanctified in them, <\/strong><em>i.e; <\/em>he revealed there his holiness and power, and put to silence their evil murmurings against him. He was sanctified in them all the more abundantly because Moses and Aaron failed to sanctify him in the eyes of the people; but what they failed to do he brought to pass without their agency.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span class='bible'>Num 20:14<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>And Moses sent messengers from Kadesh unto the king of Edom.<\/strong> On the kings of Edom see on <span class='bible'>Gen 36:31<\/span>. It would seem probable from <span class='bible'>Exo 15:15<\/span> that the government was at that time (forty years before the present date) still in the hands of &#8220;dukes,&#8221; and that the change had but recently taken place. It is stated in <span class='bible'>Jdg 11:17<\/span> that Moses sent messengers at this time with a like request to the king of Moab. We are not indeed obliged to suppose that Jephthah, living 300 years after, stated the facts correctly; but there is no particular reason to doubt it in this case. That no mention of it is made here would be sufficiently explained by the fact that the refusal of Edom made the answer of Moab of no practical moment. That Moses asked a passage through the territory of Edom implies that he had renounced the idea of invading Canaan from the south. This was not on account of any insuperable difficulties presented by the character of the country or of its inhabitants, for such did not exist; nor on account of any supposed presence of Egyptian troops in the south of Palestine: but simply on account of the fact that Israel had deliberately refused to take the straight road into their land, and were therefore condemned to follow a long and circuitous route ere they reached it on an altogether different side. The dangers and difficulties of the road they actually traversed were, humanly speaking, far greater than any they would have encountered in any other direction; but this was part of their necessary discipline. <strong>Thy brother Israel. <\/strong>This phrase recalled the history of Esau and Jacob, and of the brotherly kindness which the former had shown to the latter at a time when he had him in his power (<span class='bible'>Gen 33:1-20<\/span>). <strong>Thou<\/strong> <strong>knowest all the travel that hath befallen us.<\/strong> Moses assumed that Edom would take a fraternal interest in the fortunes of Israel. The parallel was singularly close between the position of Jacob when he met with Esau, and the present position of Israel; we may well suppose that Moses intended to make this felt without directly asserting it.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span class='bible'>Num 20:16<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>And sent an angel.<\/strong> It is probable, that Moses purposely used an expression which might be understood in various senses, because he could not explain to the king of Edom the true relation of the Lord to his people. At the same time it was in the deepest sense true (cf. <span class='bible'>Exo 14:19<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Exo 32:34<\/span>), because it was the uncreated angel of the covenant, which was from God, and yet was God (cf. <span class='bible'>Gen 32:30<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Jos 5:15<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Jos 6:2<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Act 7:35<\/span>), who was the real captain of the Lord&#8217;s host. <strong>In Kadesh, a<\/strong> <strong>city in the uttermost of thy border. <\/strong>See note on Kadesh. It is clear that Kadesh itself was outside the territory of the king of Edom, although it lay close to the frontier.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span class='bible'>Num 20:17<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Let us pass, I pray thee, through thy country. <\/strong>Moses desired to march through Seir eastwards and northeastwards, so as to reach the country beyond Jordan. If the northern portion of the wilderness of Paran was at this time held by the king of Edom, it would be through this region that Israel would first seek to make their way from Kadesh to the Arabah; thence the broad and easy pass of the Wady Ghuweir would lead them through Mount Seir (properly so called) to the plains of <strong>Moab. Through the fields, or through the vineyards. <\/strong>These words attest the change for the worse in the condition of these regions. Even in the Wady Ghuweir, although springs and pasturage are abundant, fields and vineyards hardly exist. <strong>Neither will we drink,<\/strong> <em>i.e; <\/em>as appears from <span class='bible'>Num 20:19<\/span>, without obtaining leave and making payment. <strong>By the king&#8217;s highway. <\/strong> . The state road used for military purposes.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span class='bible'>Num 20:18<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>And Edom said  Thou<\/strong> <strong>shalt not pass by me.<\/strong> This was the first of a series of hostile acts, prompted by vindictive jealousy, which brought down the wrath of God upon Edom (compare the prophecy of Obadiah). See, however, on <span class='bible'>Deu 2:29<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span class='bible'>Num 20:19<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>And the children of Israel said, <\/strong><em>i.e; <\/em>probably, the messengers sent by Moses. <strong>By the highway. <\/strong>. The Septuagint translates   , but no doubt the word means a &#8220;high road&#8221; in the original sense of a raised causeway (cf. <span class='bible'>Isa 57:14<\/span>). Such a road is still called Derb es SultanEmperor-road. I will <strong>only, without doing anything else, go through on my feet. <\/strong>Rather, &#8220;It is nothing;&#8221; &#8220;I<em> <\/em>will go through on my feet.&#8221; They meant, &#8220;We do not ask for anything of value, only leave to pass through.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><strong><span class='bible'>Num 20:22<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>And the children of Israel, even the whole congregation <\/strong>(see note on <span class='bible'>Num 20:1<\/span>),<strong> journeyed from Kadesh, and came unto Mount <\/strong>Her. If the narrative follows the order of time, we must suppose that the Edomites at once blocked the passes near to Kadesh, and thus compelled the Israelites to journey southwards for some distance until they were clear of the Azazimat; they would then turn eastwards again and make their way across the plateau of Paran to the Arabah at a point <em>opposite <\/em>Mount Hen It is supposed by many, although it finds no support in the narrative itself, that the armed resistance offered by Edom is out of chronological order in <span class='bible'>Num 20:20<\/span>, and only occurred in fact when the Israelites had reached the neighbourhood of Mount Her, and were preparing to ascend the Wady Ghuweir. On the name of Mount Her ( ) see on <span class='bible'>Num 34:7<\/span>, <span class='bible'>Num 34:8<\/span>. There can be no doubt that tradition is right in identifying it with the Jebel Harun (mount of Aaron), a lofty and precipitous mountain rising between the Arabah and the site of Petra. On one of its two summits the tomb of Aaron is still shown, and although this is itself worthless as evidence, yet the character and position of the mountain are altogether in agreement with the legend.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span class='bible'>Num 20:23<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>By the coast of the land of Edom.<\/strong> Mount Her was on the eastern side of the Arabah, which at this point certainly formed the frontier of Edom; but it was no doubt untenanted, owing to its bare and precipitous character, and therefore was not reckoned as the property of Edom. We may suppose that at this time the encampment stretched along the Arabah in front of the mountain (see on <span class='bible'>Num 33:30<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Deu 10:6<\/span>).<\/p>\n<p><strong><span class='bible'>Num 20:24<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Aaron shall be gathered unto his people.<\/strong> On this expression see at <span class='bible'>Gen 25:8<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span class='bible'>Num 20:25<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Bring them up unto Mount Hor.<\/strong> It can scarcely be doubted that the object of this command was to produce a deeper effect upon the people. The whole multitude would be able to see the high priest, whose form had been so familiar to them as long as they could remember anything, slowly ascending the bare sides of the mountain; and they knew that he went up to die. The whole multitude would be able to see another and a younger man descending by the same path in the same priestly robes, and they knew that Aaron was dead, and that Eleazar was high priest in his room. Death is often most striking when least expected, but there are occasions (and this was one) when it gains in effect by being invested in a certain simple ceremonial.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span class='bible'>Num 20:28<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Moses stripped Aaron of his garments, and put them upon Eleazar his son. <\/strong>This was done in token that the office was transferred; it was done out of sight, and far above, in token that the priesthood was perpetual, although the priest was mortal. <strong>Aaron died there. <\/strong>In this ease, as in that of Miriam (<span class='bible'>Num 20:1<\/span>), and of Moses himself (<span class='bible'>Deu 34:5<\/span>), no details are given. God drew as it were a veil over a departure hence which could but be very sad, because it was in a special sense the wages of sin. We may perhaps conclude that Aaron died alone, and was buried, as Moses was, by God; otherwise Moses and Eleazar would have been unclean under the law of <span class='bible'>Num 19:11<\/span> (cf. also Le <span class='bible'>Num 21:11<\/span>).<\/p>\n<p><strong><span class='bible'>Num 20:29<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>They<\/strong> <strong>mourned for Aaron thirty<\/strong> <strong>days. <\/strong>The Egyptians prolonged their mourning for seventy days (<span class='bible'>Gen 1:3<\/span>), but thirty days seems to have been the longest period allowed among the Israelites (cf. <span class='bible'>Deu 34:8<\/span>).<\/p>\n<p><strong>HOMILETICS<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span class='bible'>Num 20:1-29<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>SORROWS AND TRIALS OF THE WAY<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>We have in this chapter, spiritually, the final departure of the Church of God upon its last journey towards the promised land; and we have certain sad incidents of moral failure, of disappointment, and of death which marked the commencement of that journey.<\/p>\n<p><strong>I.<\/strong> <strong>CONSIDER<\/strong>, <strong>THEREFORE<\/strong>, <strong>WITH<\/strong> <strong>RESPECT<\/strong> <strong>TO<\/strong> <strong>THE<\/strong> <strong>POSITION<\/strong> <strong>OF<\/strong> <strong>ISRAEL<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>1<\/strong>. <em>That he was once more at Kadesh, not one step nearer home than he had been thirty-eight years before. <\/em>Because he had rebelled then his life had run to waste ever since, and been lost like the fountain of Kadesh in the salads, and only now. after such a lapse of time, and after so much suffering, did he find himself in a position to recommence the march then suspended. Even so it is with Churches which have reached a certain point, and then have rebelled against the voice of God. Their history runs to waste; they exist, but hardly live; there is indeed a movement in them, but it has no definite aim, it leads no whither; they do but return upon themselves. Only after a long time (if God have mercy upon them) do they find themselves once more in a position to start afresh, and not one step further forward than all those years, or centuries, ago. Even so it is with individuals who will not go resolutely on when they are called. They are spent and wasted in movement to and fro which is not progress. After many years perhapsperhaps after a whole lifetimeof wandering in dry places they find themselves once more at the very point to which they had attained, not one step nearer heaven than so long ago.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2<\/strong>. <em>That although Israel was once more at Kadesh, yet he was in a far worse position than on the former occasion. Then <\/em>he might have marched straight into Canaan, now he must reach it by a long and circuitous route. Even so with Churches and with individuals which have done despite to the Spirit of grace. By God&#8217;s mercy their aimless wanderings may be ended, and they may take up the broken thread of spiritual progress; but they cannot take up the opportunities and possibilities which once were theirs. If their position be the same, they are not the same; the effects of past faithlessness remain, a far more weary course awaits them ere they attain to rest than if they had obeyed from the beginning.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3<\/strong>. <em>That Miriam died in Kadesh, and went not with them on the lass march. <\/em>She was a &#8220;prophetess,&#8221; and uttered inspired words of praise and thanksgiving, and was especially associated with the glorious triumph of the exodus (<span class='bible'>Exo 15:20-22<\/span>). Even so the soul which has greatly erred and lost itself, and is at last recovered and sets its face Zionward, may not look to be cheered with song&#8217;s of gladness and of triumph on its way, but must do without them. And note that Miriam, Aaron, Moses all died this year, a little before the entrance into Canaan under Joshua. The Fathers see in this a figure of the passing away of prophecy, the priesthood, and the law, and their giving place to Jesus. &#8220;Videtur mihi in Maria (Miriam) Prophetia mortua; in Moyse et Aaron Legi et Sacerdotio Judaeorum finis impositus, quod nec ipsi ad terrain repromissionis transcendere valeant nec credentem populum de solitudine hujus mundi educere: nisi solus Jesus Deus Salvator.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><strong>II.<\/strong> <strong>WITH<\/strong> <strong>RESPECT<\/strong> <strong>TO<\/strong> <strong>THE<\/strong> <strong>WATERS<\/strong> <strong>OF<\/strong> <strong>STRIFE<\/strong> (see at <span class='bible'>Exo 17:1-16<\/span>). Consider<\/p>\n<p><strong>1<\/strong>. <em>That it was in Kadesh that this temptation befell the people, where they had apparently not experienced any want of water before. <\/em>Even so it often happens that great religious trials and deprivations are permitted to overtake us when and where we are least prepared to face them, and perhaps at the very moment when we hope to begin a new life and make a decided advance.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2<\/strong>. <em>That of all gifts which were necessary to their life, water was the one the absence of which was most terrible. <\/em>Conceive the suffering and terror of the multitude! Even so it is the water from the Rock of Ages, the grace of Christ, upon which we daily and hourly depend in this evil world; and there are moments when that grace threatens to fail us, and spiritual death stares us in the face (cf. <span class='bible'>1Co 10:4<\/span>; <span class='bible'>1Co 12:13<\/span>).<\/p>\n<p><strong>3<\/strong>. <em>That they should have trusted him who had followed them as a spiritual Rock, giving them both water and shade in a thirsty land; but their temper and their very words were the same as forty years before. <\/em>Even so do we fail again and again under trial, as if all experience went for nothing, and as if fallen human nature were never going to be really altered in us for the better. Nothing is more striking than the way in which a man&#8217;s behaviour under temptation repeats itself in spite of all that he has learnt.<\/p>\n<p><strong>4<\/strong>. <em>That the Lord did not show any displeasure with them, but gave them water at once, <\/em>knowing their sore necessity. Even so patient and long-suffering is he with us, however unreasonable and impatient we are, for he knoweth our feebleness, and our great need, and that we must die without his grace.<\/p>\n<p><strong>5<\/strong>. <em>That the Lord was angry  with Moses because he spoke and acted impatiently and unworthily; <\/em>for what he overlooked again and again in the ignorant and unstable people, that he could not pass over in the wise and powerful leader, who was to them the visible representative and mouthpiece of the invisible God. Even so the Lord will pass over a thousand errors and faults in the poor and ignorant and miserable more easily than one in him that has known him, and that has a ministry from him, and that stands to others in the place of leader and guide. It is a fearful thing by word or act to dishonour God or his gospel in the eyes of those who look up to us, and who will more or less consciously take their ideas of religion from our practice of it.<\/p>\n<p><strong>6<\/strong>.<em> That Moses erred because he lost his temper, and regarded the sinful murmuring of the people only as a trial and vexation to himself. <\/em>He had in fact nothing to complain of, for he was only an instrument in God&#8217;s hand, and it was against God that they were sinning. Even so we, if we are angry when men do wrongly and foolishly, are sure to err greatly; for anger can only see the bad conduct of others as an offence to itself, and so resent it, thereby placing self in the room of God, and presuming to judge and to condemn in his stead.<\/p>\n<p><strong>7<\/strong>. <em>That Moses spake unadvisedly with his lips in calling the people &#8220;rebels,&#8221; because he was himself a rebel in heart. <\/em>He was indeed, considering his position and advantages, more disloyal to his Master at that moment than even they were. Even so when we sit in judgment on others, and call them by hard names, it often happens that we are in truth more unfaithful to our calling than even they. <em>Their <\/em>unfaithfulness may be of a kind to arouse our disgust and disdain, but <em>ours <\/em>may be in truth more heinous in the eyes of God.<\/p>\n<p><strong>8<\/strong>. <em>That he spake yet more unadvisedly in saying, &#8220;Must<\/em> <em>we fetch you water?&#8221; <\/em>as though it were their power and goodness to which the supply of water was due. Even so it is a sore evil when the stewards of the manifold grace of God magnify themselves even in hasty words, and speak as if they were the authors instead of the mere dispensers of the gifts of God, and lead men to look to them instead of through them, and pass (as it were) the free grace and goodness of God through the discoloured medium of their own selfish tempers.<\/p>\n<p><strong>9<\/strong>. <em>That he erred also through willfulness, in that he smote the rock twice instead of speaking to it<\/em>an<em> <\/em>error trifling in itself, but betraying the irritation under which he acted, and suggesting that the copious supply was in some way due to his energy. Even so men often err greatly and do harm by acts in themselves inconsiderable which are prompted by impatience and self-will, as though the necessary supply of Divine grace and the blessings of the gospel were really dependent upon their efforts. If we are stewards of the grace of God at all, we have to act<\/p>\n<p><strong>(1)<\/strong> with careful obedience towards him,<\/p>\n<p><strong>(2)<\/strong> with quiet patience towards his people, knowing that the result lies altogether with him.<\/p>\n<p><strong>10. <\/strong><em>That Moses was probably tempted to speak and act as he did because God had said to him, &#8220;Thou shalt bring forth to them water,&#8221; <\/em>&amp;c. Even so we find our temptation to a self-asserting temper which dishonours God in the fact that God has really made the interests of religion (humanly speaking) dependent upon his servants&#8217; efforts. It is our trial to remember this as far as labour and earnestness are concerned, to forget it (or rather to remember the complemental truth) as far as personal feeling&#8217;s are concerned.<\/p>\n<p><strong>11.<\/strong> <em>That God did not withhold the stream because Moses acted wrongly. <\/em>Even so the blessings of the word and sacraments are not withheld from the souls of men because there is error and even disobedience in those that minister them.<\/p>\n<p><strong>12. <\/strong><em>That God punished Moses and Aaron with personal exclusion from the promised land because they had failed to sanctify him in the eyes of the people; i.e; <\/em>they had, as far as in them lay, obscured the revelation of the Divine power and goodness, and impaired the good effect of it upon the people. Even so God will certainly lay sin to the charge of all who, being in any way his representatives to others, have in anything dimmed the luster of his beauty or distorted the features of his perfection in their eyes. Thus have all, even Moses, sinned and come short of the glory of God, so that none have wholly pleased him except Christ (<span class='bible'>Mat 3:17<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Mat 17:5<\/span>; <span class='bible'>2Pe 1:17<\/span>); nor can any look for an entrance into rest save in Christ.<\/p>\n<p><strong>13. <\/strong><em>That the Lord was sanctified in the children of Israel at Meribah, albeit his appointed servants failed to sanctify him. <\/em>Their sentence was perhaps the most effective possible revelation of his exceeding holiness. Even so the Lord will make his glory to be known and felt through his servants if they be faithful, but without them if they be faithless. He will be sanctified in us to our great reward in the one ease, to our shame and sorrow in the other.<\/p>\n<p><strong>III.<\/strong> <strong>CONSIDER<\/strong> <strong>FURTHER<\/strong>, <strong>WITH<\/strong> <strong>RESPECT<\/strong> <strong>TO<\/strong> <strong>THE<\/strong> <strong>ERROR<\/strong> <strong>OF<\/strong> <strong>MOSES<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>1. <\/strong><em>That he was now very old, in his hundred and twentieth year. <\/em>An irritable and hasty temper is the special temptation of old age.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2<\/strong>. <em>That he had shown the same temper on at least one previous occasion <\/em>(<span class='bible'>Jos 11:1-23<\/span>), <em>and had then been betrayed into the use of unseemly and untrue language, <\/em>which ought to have been a warning to him. There is nothing which people have more need to watch very carefully than their temper, for there is nothing that grows upon a man more certainly than bad temper.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3<\/strong>. <em>That God had been very forbearing with him on that occasion, but on this was very strict; <\/em>the reason no doubt being that then Moses uttered his unreasonable and passionate complaints only in the ear of God, whereas now his angry insolence was vented upon the people. If we address ourselves directly to God he will receive graciously even the outpourings of a disordered and embittered mind, and we shall find relief; if we reserve our angry temper for our neighboursmuch more for those committed to our keepingGod will be sore displeased at us for <em>their <\/em>sakes. Art thou angry? Go and complain to God (cf. <span class='bible'>Psa 77:3<\/span>, P.B.V.).<\/p>\n<p><strong>IV.<\/strong> <strong>CONSIDER<\/strong>, <strong>WITH<\/strong> <strong>RESPECT<\/strong> <strong>TO<\/strong> <strong>THE<\/strong> <strong>CONDUCT<\/strong> <strong>OF<\/strong> <strong>EDOM<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>1<\/strong>. <em>That Israel had reason to expect no friendly treatment from Edom, because of the bad conduct of Jacob towards Esau, <\/em>which had left an angry and jealous spirit in the minds of his descendants against Israel. The quarrels and injuries of individuals bear evil fruit in years to come, and in after generations, and that especially among brethren, whether in blood or in religion.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2<\/strong>. <em>That, nevertheless, Israel addressed Edom as his brother, and bespoke his friendly sympathy and help. <\/em>We are bound to treat others as our brethren, and to approach them as such, and to bespeak their sympathy in our religious interests, until we are actually repulsed.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3<\/strong>. <em>That Israel did not claim any right, as the chosen people of God, to be served by Edom, or to take anything of him without payment, <\/em>but only asked the ordinary courtesy due to a friendly people. In addressing ourselves to others in matters of this world we must be careful to ask and to expect only what is strictly fair and reasonable from their point of view, and not to claim any exceptional regard or deference because we are more highly-favoured than they.<\/p>\n<p><strong>4<\/strong>. <em>That when Israel found himself rudely denied and opposed, he did not attempt to avenge himself, but turned away from Edom. <\/em>If we meet with opposition and hostility where we looked for help and sympathy, it is useless to complain, and wicked to bear malice; the only thing is to turn away from such, and leave them to God and to themselves.<\/p>\n<p><strong>5<\/strong>. <em>That the hostile conduct of Edom was not forgotten of God, but in due time <\/em>(<em>not being amended<\/em>)<em> was punished. <\/em>It is a great sin, out of personal (or collective) jealousy and dislike, to cast obstacles in the path of others, or to refuse them such friendly assistance as they seek of us.<\/p>\n<p><strong>V.<\/strong> <strong>CONSIDER<\/strong>, <strong>WITH<\/strong> <strong>RESPECT<\/strong> <strong>TO<\/strong> <strong>THE<\/strong> <strong>DEATH<\/strong> <strong>OF<\/strong> <strong>AARON<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1<\/strong>. <em>That it testified to the infirmity of human nature at its greatest. <\/em>Aaron had been invested with a sacred character, and to that generation (which had not known his origin) must have seemed an awful being, almost more than man; yet he died, and was not.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2<\/strong>. <em>That it testified to the inherent imperfection of the Levitical priesthood, in that Aaron could not continue by reason of death, <\/em>so that the continuance of the office depended upon natural succession, which must some day failand has failed.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3<\/strong>. <em>That it testified to the exceeding sinfulness of sin. <\/em>For one little sin. and one to which he was merely accessory, the high priest must die without even beholding the land so long sought, and now so nearly found.<\/p>\n<p><strong>4<\/strong>. <em>That the demise of Aaron in that lonely mountain, in a foreign land, testified to the mysterious and typical character of his <\/em>office. The anointed of the Lord, although, as being man and sinful, he must die, yet not as other men die, but in a vast far solitude alone with God.<\/p>\n<p><strong>5<\/strong>. <em>That the transfer of the priestly robes from Aaron to Eleazar testified that the priesthood was abiding, and would abide until it vested in One who should live for ever. <\/em>Therefore was it effected out of sight of the people, and far above them, in order that no gap or interval might be perceptible to them.<\/p>\n<p><strong>6<\/strong>. <em>That the mourning for Aaron during thirty clays testified that, with all his faults, he was yet honoured as a great leader in Israel; <\/em>and perhaps this too, that Aaron as a man was not so swallowed up in Aaron as a priest but that his personal loss was duly felt and lamented.<\/p>\n<p><strong>HOMILIES BY W. BINNIE<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span class='bible'>Num 20:12<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>THE SIN OF MOSES<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>There must have been something in this sin of Moses at the crag in Kadesh very unworthy of his high place, and very displeasing to God. The sharpness of the Lord&#8217;s reprimand and the severity of the punishment make this sufficiently clear. By Moses himself the punishment was felt to be severe. And no marvel. For eighty long years he had waited and laboured for the fulfillment of the promise. During the last thirty-seven of these he had been cheering himself with the hope that he, along with Joshua and Caleb, and the men of the younger generation, would be suffered to take possession of the land. This lay so near his heart that, after learning that he was not to set foot within the promised rest, he laboured hard to get the sentence reversed (<span class='bible'>Deu 3:25<\/span>).<\/p>\n<p><strong>I.<\/strong> <strong>WHAT<\/strong> <strong>THEN<\/strong> <strong>WAS<\/strong> <strong>MOSES<\/strong>&#8216; <strong>SIN<\/strong>? Two circumstances are obvious on the face of the story.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1<\/strong>. Moses, being directed <em>to speak to <\/em>the rock that it might give forth its water, <em>smote it <\/em>instead with the rod of God which was in his hazed; and this he did not once only, but twice.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2<\/strong>. He spoke to the people, not with meekness and calm authority, but in heat and bitterness. &#8220;Ye rebels, must we fetch you water out of this rock?&#8221; Thus he &#8220;spake unadvisedly with his lips&#8221; (<span class='bible'>Psa 106:33<\/span>). It is not difficult to understand how Moses should have so far forgotten himself on this occasion. Let the facts be weighed. The servant of the Lord is now 120 years old. The generation which sinned thirty-seven years ago, and was condemned to die in the wilderness, is nearly all gone. Moses is mortified to find that the new generation is infected with a touch of the same impatient unbelief which wrought in their fathers so much mischief. No sooner are they at a loss for water than they rise against Moses with rebellious murmurings. For once he loses command of himself. On all former occasions of the kind his <em>meekness <\/em>was unshaken; he either held his peace, or prayed for the rebels, or at most called on the Lord to be his Witness and Judge. Now he breaks out into bitter chidings. At the root of this there was a secret failure of faith. &#8220;Ye believed me not,&#8221;did not thoroughly rely on my faithfulness and power,&#8221;to sanctify me in the eyes of the children of Israel&#8221; (verse 12). His former meekness had been the fruit of faith. He had been thoroughly persuaded that the Lord who was with him could accomplish all he had promised, and therefore he faced every difficulty with calm and patient resolution. Now a touch of unbelief bred in him hastiness and bitterness of spirit.<\/p>\n<p><strong>II.<\/strong> <strong>LESSONS<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1<\/strong>. The failings of good men may be culpable in God&#8217;s sight and displeasing to him out of all proportion to the degree of blameworthiness they present to our eye. So far is it from being true (as many seem to think) that believers&#8217; sins are no sins at all, and need give no concern, that, on the contrary, the Lord dislikes the stain of sin most when it is seen in his dear children. The case of Moses is not singular. Sins which the Lord overlooks in other men he will occasionally put some mark of special displeasure upon, when they are committed by one who is eminent for holiness and honourable service. It is, no doubt, a just instinct which leads all right-thinking people to be blind to the failings of good men who have been signally useful in their day. But if the good men become indulgent to their own faults they are likely to be rudely awakened to a sense of their error. The better a man is, his sins may be the more dishonouring to God. A spot hardly visible on the coat of a labouring man, may be glaringly offensive on the shining raiment of a throned king.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2<\/strong>. The sins we are least inclined to may nevertheless be the sins which will bring us to the bitterest grief. Every man has his weak side. There are sins to which our natural disposition or the circumstances of our up-bringing lay us peculiarly open; and it is without doubt a good rule to be specially on our guard in relation to these sins. Yet the rule must not be applied too rigidly. When Dumbarton Rock was taken, it was not by assailing the fortifications thrown up to protect its one weak side, but by scaling it at a point where the precipitous height seemed to render defense or guard unnecessary. Job was the most patient of men, yet he sinned through impatience. Peter was courageous, yet he fell through cowardice. Moses was the meekest of men, yet he fell through bitterness of Spirit. We have need to guard well not our weak points only, but the points also at which we deem ourselves to be strong.B.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span class='bible'>Num 20:23-29<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>THE DEATH OF AARON<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The fortieth year of the Wanderings, remarkable in so many other respects, was remarkable also for this, that it witnessed the removal of the three great children of Amram, who had been the leaders of the nation from the time that the Lord began to plague the Egyptians till the day that the host removed from the camping-ground at Kadesh. Of the three, Miriam, seemingly the eldest, was the first to be removed. She died, and was buried at Kadesh, in the beginning of the year. Aaron. the elder of the brothers, followed in the fifth month. Lastly, Moses died at the end of the year. The surpassing fame of Moses has thrown that of Miriam and Aaron into the shade. Nevertheless, they were eminent both for sanctity and public usefulness. It was not the least of the Lord&#8217;s benefits that they, as well as Moses, were spared to the people during so many years.<\/p>\n<p><strong>I.<\/strong> <strong>THE<\/strong> <strong>TERMS<\/strong> <strong>IN<\/strong> <strong>WHICH<\/strong> <strong>THE<\/strong> <strong>DEATH<\/strong> <strong>OF<\/strong> <strong>AARON<\/strong> <strong>IS<\/strong> <strong>FORETOLD<\/strong> (<span class='bible'>Num 20:23<\/span>). Moses is the first to hear of the coming event; and there is something of wrath, or at least of displeasure, against both him and Aaron in the way in which it is announced: &#8220;Ye shall not enter the land, because ye rebelled against my word at Meribah.&#8221; But the displeasure is only, as it were, a passing frown. There is in the words much more of loving kindness and tender mercy. Not only is the saintly high priest forewarned of his approaching departure, but this is done in terms at once most kindly in tone and strongly suggestive of hope regarding the future life. &#8220;Aaron shall be gathered unto his people.&#8221; Christian readers have always, as by a kind of instinct, taken this to mean that Aaron, upon his departure from this world, was to pass into the company of those who were his relatives in the truest and tenderest kindredthe patriarchs who had died in faith before him, the congregation of the righteous beyond the grave. The interpretation is distasteful to certain critics, who have persuaded themselves that in the Mosaic age the views and hopes of the best of men were bounded by the grave. It is easy to cite texts which seem to countenance that low estimate of the views which God had opened up to the early saints of the patriarchal and Mosaic times. But after all it is no better than a paradox, as hard to reconcile with historical fact as with the instinctive perceptions of devout readers of God&#8217;s word. It is a familiar fact that the Egyptians, among whom Moses and Aaron were brought up, not only believed that men survive the dissolution of the body, but occupied their minds exceedingly about the other world. In the absence of clear and explicit statements to the contrary, we must suppose that Moses and Aaron knew at least as much as the Egyptians, and looked for a continued conscious existence after death. But we are not left to surmise. What can this &#8220;gathered unto his people&#8221; mean? It cannot mean &#8220;buried in the sepulcher where the ashes of his kindred lie,&#8221; for in that sense neither Aaron nor Moses was ever gathered to his people. Each was buried in a Solitary grave. Nor can it mean merely&#8221; gathered to the mighty congregation of the dead&#8221; (although that also would imply continued existence after death), for the phrase is used in Scripture regarding none but the righteous (<span class='bible'>Gen 25:8<\/span>, <span class='bible'>Gen 25:17<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Gen 35:29<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Gen 49:33<\/span>, &amp;c.). What then do we gather from this intimation?<\/p>\n<p><strong>1<\/strong>. There is, beyond the grave, a congregation of the righteous, where those who die in faith shall enjoy the congenial society of their own peoplemen and women like-minded with themselves. Surely a most comfortable thought I A great change has no doubt taken place in the view presented to faith of the future life ever since our blessed Lord rose and ascended. The ancient conception of the heavenly life has been thrown into the shade by the conception of it as being &#8220;for ever with the Lord.&#8221; Yet the ancient conception has lost nothing either of its truth or of its power to comfort. A new source of comfort has now been added, but the old one has not been superseded. We who believe in Christ look forward not only to &#8220;the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ,&#8221; but to&#8221; our gathering together unto him&#8221; (<span class='bible'>2Th 2:1<\/span>).<\/p>\n<p><strong>2<\/strong>. Into the congregation of the righteous God is careful to gather his people when they die. They are not driven away into darknessdismissed like Judas to their own place. They are gathered; they are taken home: <em>with care, <\/em>that none be lost; <em>with loving kindness <\/em>also, that they may not fear.<\/p>\n<p><strong>II.<\/strong> <strong>THE<\/strong> <strong>CIRCUMSTANCES<\/strong> <strong>OF<\/strong> <strong>AARON<\/strong>&#8216;S <strong>DEPARTURE<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1<\/strong>. He was divested of his office and robes before he died, and they were transferred to Eleazar in his sight. The priest was to die, but the priesthood was to live. The priesthood was entailed in Aaron&#8217;s house, but the entail had not yet been confirmed by long transmission. To prevent any attempt to alter the succession, the transference took place while Aaron was yet alive. Probably there was an eye also to Aaron&#8217;s comfort. It would be a satisfaction to him to see his son invested with office before he died.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2<\/strong>. Aaron&#8217;s death and burial took place on Mount Her. This was, in the first instance, designed for publicity. Eleazar was to be high priest to the congregation. It was due to them that his investiture should take place in their sight (cf. <span class='bible'>Num 27:22<\/span>). Ordination to a public office ought to take place in public. This particular mountain was chosen because from it Aaron&#8217;s eye might descry the southern outskirts of the land of promise. Moses and Aaron were forbidden to enter it; but to each there was vouchsafed a distant prospect of it before he died.<\/p>\n<p><strong>REFLECTION<\/strong>. In this life good and evil are inextricably conjoined. Within the same town, in the same street, in the same congregation, in the same family, there are to be found believers and unbelievers, just and unjust, children of God and children of the wicked one. But hereafter there will come a great severancelamentable separations, joyous reunions. The haters of God will be taken from among the just, and be dismissed to their own place. The lovers of God will be gathered to their own people, and sit down with Abraham, and Isaac, and Jacob in the kingdom. This being so, it behooves me to ask myself the question, Who are my people? What is rite people whose likeness I bear, whose company is to me congenial, whoso tastes I share?B.<\/p>\n<p><strong>HOMILIES BY E.S. PROUT<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span class='bible'>Num 20:12<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>THE GREAT SIN OF DISOBEDIENCE EVER, UNDER PALLIATING CIRCUMSTANCES<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>There are various ways in which we may show that sin is &#8220;exceeding sinful:&#8221; <em>i.e; <\/em>the character of God; the precepts of his ceremonial and moral law; the words and work of the Lord Jesus Christ. Not the least impressive proof of God s estimate of sin is God&#8217;s chastisement of his sinning children. Confining ourselves to the conduct of Moses, we note<\/p>\n<p><strong>I.<\/strong> <strong>THE<\/strong> <strong>NATURE<\/strong> <strong>OF<\/strong> <strong>MOSES<\/strong>&#8216; <strong>SIN<\/strong>. It is described in <span class='bible'>Num 20:12<\/span>, but is not easy to analyze.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1<\/strong>. Its root appears to have been a temporary failure of faith, indicated by the words &#8220;must we,&#8221; or, &#8220;shall we bring you water,&#8221; &amp;c. In spite of the promise (<span class='bible'>Num 20:8<\/span>), he expressed uncertainty as to whether such rebels will be gratified. Unbelief is infectious, and needs a robust faith to resist it. Like a powerful electric current, only a strong non-conductor can arrest its course. Apply to Christians fearing they must fail in their labours because of unbelief in others (cf. <span class='bible'>Mat 17:17<\/span>, <span class='bible'>Mat 17:20<\/span>). This distrust led to further faults, such as<\/p>\n<p><strong>2<\/strong>. Haste of temper. Words, acts, and manner indicated this. May it not have been that because of his distrust, at the first blow, the water did not flow forth? Or was it that both blows were given in great haste? &#8220;He that believeth shall not make haste.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><strong>3<\/strong>. Disregard of instructions in striking when merely told to speak (cf. <span class='bible'>Deu 4:2<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Deu 12:32<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Pro 30:5<\/span>, <span class='bible'>Pro 30:6<\/span>).<\/p>\n<p><strong>4<\/strong>. The appearance, at least, of assuming too much honour to himself and Aaron, and thus failing to &#8220;sanctify&#8221; God before the people (<span class='bible'>Psa 106:33<\/span>). Distrustful or disobedient thoughts, when shut up, like rebels, within the citadel of the heart, do mischief enough and give a world of trouble; but if they sally forth in the form of words they may cause public injury and lead to <em>consequences <\/em>some of which may be irreparable. Combining the resolution of <span class='bible'>Psa 39:1<\/span> with the prayer of <span class='bible'>Psa 141:3<\/span>, we may be safe. Yet in considering Moses&#8217; sin we may see<\/p>\n<p><strong>II.<\/strong> <strong>THE<\/strong> <strong>PALLIATIONS<\/strong> <strong>OF<\/strong> <strong>IT<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1<\/strong>. Great provocations from the rebels, who, after all the lessons of the past, inherited and perpetuated their fathers&#8217; sins (cf. <span class='bible'>Exo 16:3<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Exo 17:3<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Num 11:5<\/span>).<\/p>\n<p><strong>2<\/strong>. His first public offence. He was &#8220;very meek&#8221; (<span class='bible'>Num 12:3<\/span>), and he needed to be. Now for the first time his meekness failed him.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3<\/strong>. His sin was very briefa temporary failure of faith, causing a passing gust of anger, yet soon over; he was not &#8220;greatly moved&#8221; (<span class='bible'>Psa 62:2<\/span>).<\/p>\n<p><strong>4<\/strong>. It led to no public evil consequences appreciable by the congregation. But though we may see in our own sins or the sins of others many circumstances that seem to palliate the offence, we must not expect to escape chastisement if we reflect on<\/p>\n<p><strong>III.<\/strong> <strong>MOSES<\/strong>&#8216; <strong>PUNISHMENT<\/strong>. Moses had one cherished desire of his life, that, having led the people through the wilderness, he might conduct them into the promised land. Illustrate this from the scene graphically suggested to our imagination in <span class='bible'>Deu 3:23-27<\/span>. True, the punishment was only for this life, and, like many other of God&#8217;s fatherly chastisements, was overruled for his child&#8217;s good in sparing him from future conflicts (cf. 1Co 2:1-16 :32). But still it was a punishment, reminding us of the great sin of disobedience even under palliating circumstances. And the penalty may be more serious. Illustrate from the ease of the disobedient prophet deceived at Bethel (<span class='bible'>1Ki 13:1-34<\/span>); or from some case we may have known of a life blighted through one sin of haste or disobedience in word or act. The favour of God brings with it great privileges, but imposes on us grave responsibilities (cf. <span class='bible'>Amo 3:2<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Luk 12:47<\/span>; <span class='bible'>1Pe 4:17<\/span>). What need for the confession and the prayer, <span class='bible'>Psa 19:12-14<\/span>!P.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span class='bible'>Num 20:28<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>THE DEATH OF AARON:-MERCY AND JUDGMENT.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>This chapter begins with the death of Miriam and ends with Aaron&#8217;s decease. No chapter of any length in the history even of a godly family without death in it. In every believer&#8217;s death there is a blending of judgment and mercy. In this case we see<\/p>\n<p><strong>I.<\/strong> <strong>JUDGMENT<\/strong>. Aaron&#8217;s death was<\/p>\n<p><strong>1<\/strong>. A chastisement (<span class='bible'>Num 20:24<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Rom 5:12<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Rom 8:10<\/span>).<\/p>\n<p><strong>2<\/strong>. A deprivation (<span class='bible'>Num 20:26<\/span>). His garments were taken off because his priesthood was taken away. So with the most sacred and honourable office of the Christian (<span class='bible'>Heb 7:23<\/span>; <span class='bible'>2Pe 1:13-15<\/span>).<\/p>\n<p><strong>3<\/strong>. A severance. The aged Moses loses the last companion of his early days.<\/p>\n<p><strong>4<\/strong>. A grief to many (<span class='bible'>Num 20:29<\/span>).<\/p>\n<p><strong>II.<\/strong> <strong>MERCY<\/strong>; indicated in Aaron&#8217;s death by such facts as these. It was,<\/p>\n<p><strong>1<\/strong>. A calm departure, not a sudden judgment. He was not &#8220;cut off from,&#8221; but &#8220;gathered unto his people.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><strong>2<\/strong>. A release from the toils of life in the wilderness and the contradiction of sinners.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3<\/strong>. A gentle dismission from the responsibilities of office.<\/p>\n<p><strong>4<\/strong>. A transference of his duties and honours to a beloved son. He saw the robes and the office of the priesthood intrusted to Eleazar.<\/p>\n<p><strong>5<\/strong>. A promotion to the higher service of a sinless world; from the mount of communion to the heavenly Mount Zion.P.<\/p>\n<p><strong>HOMILIES BY D. YOUNG<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span class='bible'>Num 20:1<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>THE ABIDING IN KADESH AND THE DEATH OF MIRIAM<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>1<\/strong>.<em> The abiding in Kadesh. <\/em>This was a return to the district occupied at the time when God pronounced the doom of wandering for forty years on the people (<span class='bible'>Num 13:26<\/span>). We know also that the return took place as this long period was drawing to a close. There had been, so to speak, a profitless and melancholy wandering in a circle. We have but little information concerning this period, and what we have seems to have been given for the purpose of showing now rigorously God carried out the sentence. <span class='bible'>Num 33:1-56<\/span>, tells us of the various halting-places, as if to impress us with the <em>fact <\/em>that Israel had not been allowed to go out of the wilderness. We are told of the rebellion of Korah and the giving of certain laws, but there is nothing to indicate progress. Probably, as has been suggested, there was more or less of dispersion during the forty years. God was waiting for an obstacle to be taken out of the way. In the Scriptures we do not find anything recorded unless as it bears on the advancement of the kingdom of God. Much of what the world calls history is after all mere trifling, and it is our wisdom and profit to notice not only what God has revealed, but also what he has concealed. This generation of the Israelites was thus a type of the many profitless lives that are lived in every generation. After a period of wandering and toil they come back to where they started from. There is nothing to show for all the years of weary work. Sadder still, there are many who come to be looked on as obstacles; their life stands in the way of human improvement and advance, and little or nothing can be done till they go. The return to Kadesh was like some great sign that a long and rigorous winter is drawing to its close.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2<\/strong>. <em>The death of Miriam. <\/em>There is a certain fitness in following up the regulations of <span class='bible'>Num 19:1-22<\/span> with a record of death and burial. Death had dogged these Israelites all through their wanderings. There was perhaps no halting-place but what might have had this sentence joined with it: &#8220;Such a one died there and was buried there.&#8221; Why then is the death of Miriam singled out for special mention? In the first place, she was a person of distinction by her office as prophetess, particularly as she was not only a prophetess, but sister to the two chief men in Israel. Then, being so, it is very noticeable that none of the three, so eminent in their life, were allowed to enter the promised land. There is mystery in their calling, mystery in the services they are called to render, and mystery in the seeming thwarting of all their hopes. One feels the hand of God is in all this. Man proposes, and reckons with something like certainty, but God disposes in a very different fashion. Miriam had sinned a great sin (<span class='bible'>Num 12:1-16<\/span>), but was it not a long while ago? She has lived on through all these wanderings, having seen many younger than herself falling on every hand. May she not then hope to live a little longer, and see the promised land before she dies? Perhaps such thoughts were in the aged woman&#8217;s mind, perhaps many a time she had wept bitterly over her pride and envy in the past; but God&#8217;s determinations cannot be set aside, and even when the earthly Canaan is again coming in sight, that sight is not for her. There was no way for Miriam, any more than the rest of us, to escape that suffering and loss <em>in this world <\/em>which so often come from wrong-doing. As to her possible part in the better country, there is necessary silence here. It is Christ who brought life and immortality to light. The great thing to be noticed is that Miriam died in Kadesh, was buried there, and consequently failed of entrance into the earthly Canaan.Y.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span class='bible'>Num 20:2-13<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>THE GIFT OF WATER AT MERIBAH<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>I.  THE<\/strong> <strong>COMPLAINT<\/strong> <strong>OF<\/strong> <strong>THE<\/strong> <strong>PEOPLE<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1<\/strong>. It was occasioned by <em>a pressing and reasonable want. <\/em>&#8220;There was no water for the congregation.&#8221; The people were often discontented without cause, but here was a real strait. Experience shows that many so-called necessities, instead of being necessities, are even injurious. Life might be made more simple and frugal with no loss, but rather increase, of the highest joys of life. But if we are to live here at all there are some things necessary. The bread and the water must be sure.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2<\/strong>. <em>There was no apparent supply for the want. <\/em>We may presume that for the most part Israel had found water, even in the wilderness, without much difficulty. Unobserved and unappreciated, God may have opened up many fountains before the Israelites approached. Hence when they came to Kadesh and found the rocks dry, they hastily judged there was no water. We are very dependent on customary outward signs.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3<\/strong>.<em> Past experience of similar circumstances should have led to calm faith and expectation. <\/em>God had made sweet for them the bitter waters of Marah, and directly after brought them to Elim with its ample supply (<span class='bible'>Exo 15:23-27<\/span>). And when they came to Rephidim, and found no water, Moses by command of God smote the rock in Horeb (<span class='bible'>Exo 17:1-16<\/span>). But then the rising generation had not been sufficiently instructed in these things, and impressed with the goodness of God. How should unbelieving and forgetting fathers make believing and mindful children? If we would only base our expectations on what God has done in the past, we should look in vain for occasion of fear and doubt. After Jesus had fed one multitude, the disciples had yet to ask with respect to another, &#8220;Whence should we have so much bread in the wilderness, as to fill so great a multitude?&#8221; (<span class='bible'>Mat 15:33<\/span>). Consider also <span class='bible'>Mat 16:5-10<\/span>. We continually, and in the most perverse way, confine our views of what is possible within the limitations of our own natural powers. To God the wilderness is as the fruitful field, and the fruitful field as the wilderness. He can make the earth whatever pleases him (<span class='bible'>Psa 107:33-39<\/span>).<\/p>\n<p><strong>4<\/strong>. <em>The complainers of the people were not confined to the urgent need. <\/em>They do not approach Moses with a simple, humble plea for water. They had not considered why they had been brought to <em>Kadesh, <\/em>and that in the plans of God they were bound to come again into that district, whether water was there or not. First of all they utter <em>an impious, hasty wish, <\/em>though if it had been taken seriously they would have complained bitterly. Men are apt to say they wish they were dead when really their circumstances are more endurable than those of many who have learned, like the apostle, in whatsoever state they are, therewith to be content. A discontented heart makes a reckless tongue. The expression was used thoughtlessly enough, just as many take God&#8217;s name in vain, hardly conscious of what they are saying. Next they advance to <em>an unjust reproach. <\/em>Forty years of Divine chastisements, sharp and severe, had taught them nothing. They could see nothing more than that Moses and Aaron were leading the people about at their own will. How easy it is through our ignorance of the unseen God to attribute to the men whom we do see a power immensely beyond their resources. The people came back to Kadesh as they left it, blind, ungrateful, inconsiderate as ever. Moses and Aaron, sorrowing for their dead sister, have once again to listen to accusations which long ago had been answered by God himself. The reproach is mingled with <em>vain regrets, still surviving all these years of chastisement. <\/em>There could not now be many survivors of the generation that had come out of Egypt, yet, doubtless, all the while Egypt had been so often mentioned as to have deeply infected the minds of the younger generation. Garrulous old people, who might so easily have inspired their children by telling them of God&#8217;s dealings with Pharaoh in Egypt and at the Red Sea, and of all his goodness in the wilderness, were rather poisoning and prejudicing their hearts with recollections of carnal comforts and delicacies which seemed hopelessly lost. Instead of pointing out that the wilderness with all its hardships was a place of Divine manifestations, they could only see that it was no place of seeds, or figs, or vines, or pomegranates. <em>The mention of water, <\/em>coming in at the last, seems almost an after-thought, as much as to say, &#8220;Even if we had water, there would none the less be ground for great complaints.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><strong>II.<\/strong> <strong>GOD<\/strong>&#8216;S <strong>ANSWER<\/strong> <strong>TO<\/strong> <strong>THE<\/strong> <strong>COMPLAINT<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1<\/strong>. The people speak against Moses and Aaron, who thereupon make their usual resort to God. Beforetime when his glory appeared in response to their appeal it was the herald of destruction (<span class='bible'>Num 14:10<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Num 16:19<\/span>, <span class='bible'>Num 16:42<\/span>); but now there is no threatening of destruction. Even in the midst of their murmuring and ingratitude <em>God recognizes their real need. <\/em>Thus as we consider the work of God in Christ Jesus we find a similar recognition. Men came to Jesus with all sorts of selfish complaints; but while they found in him a pitying listener, there was no disposition to deal with them according to their complaints. God did not give to Israel at Kadesh, figs, vines, and pomegranates, but he gave water speedily and abundantly. It is made a charge against the Divine providence and government, and sometimes a ground for denying the reality of such things, that men are so unequally supplied with temporal possessions. But all this falls to the ground if only we notice how prompt, how effectual, God is in meeting real necessities. <em>It is he who is to judge of these. <\/em>There is no absolute necessity even for the bread that perisheth, but there is need, whether here or elsewhere, to be free from sin, to have that spiritual food, that bread and water of eternal life, which Jesus himself has spoken of so largely and attractively in the Gospel of John. Thus while the Jews went on wickedly complaining against Christ, showing more and more their ignorance and selfishness, he, on the other hand, went on in the midst of all, revealing, expounding, setting forth in the clear light of his matchless teaching the supreme want of men and his own adequate supply for it. We must cease clamouring for the figs, vines, and pomegranates, and be more athirst for that water of which if one drink he shall never thirst again. God will not supply everything we think to be wants. But let a man come to himself and discern his real needs, and God, like the father to the prodigal son. will run to meet him with an ample supply.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2<\/strong>. <em>God makes the supply from an unlikely source. <\/em>Moses was to speak to the rock before their eyes, the one nearest them at the time. There was no searching about among the hills if haply some natural reservoir might be found which a touch could open in all its fullness to the panting crowd. There was water in the rock before them, requiring nothing more than the word of God through his servant Moses. We must consider what happened as if Moses had completely carried out his instructions. Thus in many things connected with our salvation we are directed to unlikely places and unlikely methods. Who expects the King of the Jews to be born in Bethlehem? Why not in Jerusalem? Can any good thing come out of Nazareth? Shall one look for the food of a multitude among five loaves and two small fishes? Shall one look for an apostle of the Gentiles in Paul, the fierce and persecuting Jew? God makes a messenger out of the child Samuel, and a champion out of the stripling David. God delights in finding everything he needs where we can find little or nothing. We may be nearest help when to our natural judgment we may seem farthest from it.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3<\/strong>. There is thus <em>a warning against all hasty judgments. <\/em>We who are so utterly weak, so constantly in need of help, should be very slow to say, &#8220;Neither is there any water to drink.&#8221; Let us bear in mind how ignorant we are of the Scriptures and the power of God. God will not leave his own true children unsupplied with any needful thing. He will choose the right time, and way, and form. It is the besetting sin of far too many minds to form conclusions not only when there is lack of sufficient information, but when there is no need of present conclusion at all. &#8220;Wait on the Lord, be of good courage, and he shall strengthen thine heart.&#8221; Do not say in haste and ignorance that there is no strength to be got anywhere.Y.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span class='bible'>Num 20:10-12<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>THE SIN OF MOSES AND AARON<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>It was the sin of men who had been specially chosen, long occupied, often approved, and greatly honoured as servants of God. If <em>they, <\/em>being what they were, fell so easily, how important it is for <em>us <\/em>earnestly to consider the sin by which they fell! It is another proof of the hold which sin has on our nature, and of the need that we should walk warily, and look for snares at every step. Consider<\/p>\n<p><strong>I.<\/strong> How <strong>THE<\/strong> <strong>SIN<\/strong> <strong>WAS<\/strong> <strong>COMMITTED<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1<\/strong>. <em>It was a sin of inattention. <\/em>If there was anything which Moses and Aaron should have learned after forty years of service, it was that God&#8217;s commandments required constant attention and exact obedience. They had a long experience of One who gave details as well as general instructions. Moreover, it was not the first time Moses had been charged to bring water from the rock. At Rephidim God said to him, &#8220;Thou shalt smite the rock&#8221; (<span class='bible'>Exo 17:6<\/span>). At Kadesh he says, &#8220;Speak to the rock.&#8221; The very difference should have been enough to bring the command distinctly before him. Notice then what serious results simple inattention may bring; we know that thousands of lives have been lost by it. Furthermore, how many have failed in the attainment of salvation and spiritual blessedness through nothing more than lack of attention! They have not run greedily in the way of sin, but simply gone through a decent, reputable life, neglecting the way of salvation. In the things of God attention is required as a regular habit, not only that we may escape loss, but secure real advantage. The more attention there is, the more advantage there will be.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2<\/strong>.<em> It was the inattention, of men whose very experience had made them habitually careful. <\/em>Whatever Moses and Aaron may have been by nature, they bad been trained to faithfulness in little things. It has not perhaps been sufficiently noticed how diligent and exact Moses must have been in his apprehension of all that God revealed to him. When we think how easy misunderstandings are, how easy it is to get wrong impressions and be confused among details, then we feel how very carefully Moses must have listened. Aaron also in his priestly service was a man of derail.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3<\/strong>. <em>Hence there must have been some extraordinary disturbing cause to throw them out of their usual carefulness. <\/em>What this was we can hardly make out with certainty. In the murmuring and repining of the people there was nothing new either as to spirit or language. Moses had listened to the same sort of attack before, and through it all kept his meekness and feeling of personal unworthiness. But as the last straw breaks tile camel&#8217;s back, so even the patience of Moses became at last exhausted. The weight of years and cares united were telling on him. He was now Moses the aged, and though we are assured that when he died his eye was not dim, nor his natural force abated, yet we must not so take these words as to free him from every infirmity of age. It was a very hard thing for a man after forty years of service, through all which he had kept the consciousness of a heart true to God and to Israel, to have the people still meet him with the old ingratitude and the old slanders. Thus it was that he went into the presence of God with a mind preoccupied, thinking a great deal more about the rebellious spirit of the people than about the glory of his Master. There is no safety but in keeping God <em>first in our thoughts. <\/em>We must be like the house founded on the rock, <em>never <\/em>disconnected from it. The nature of the foundation may seem to matter little in calm weather, but the foundation and our connection with it are everything when the tempest comes. Let a believer wear the <em>whole <\/em>armour of God, and he is invincible, but let him lay it aside for a single moment, and the waiting, watching enemy may inflict a painful, serious, humiliating wound, even if it be not a mortal one.<\/p>\n<p><strong>II.<\/strong> <strong>IN<\/strong> <strong>WHAT<\/strong> <strong>THE<\/strong> <strong>SIN<\/strong> <strong>CONSISTED<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1<\/strong>.<em> In a want of faith. <\/em>&#8220;Because ye believed me not.&#8221; God says nothing about inattention or irritation, but goes at once to the root of the matter. Moses had failed in faith; not altogether, of course, for the very fact that he took the rod and approached the rock shows some faith and some spirit of obedience; but still faith must have been lacking, and to a very serious extent. It has been suggested that, seeing the spirit of the people, Moses was after all in doubt whether another long term of wanderings might not be in store for them. The one clear thing is that God ascribes the sin with its serious consequences to unbelief. Outwardly nothing appears but inattention and irritation; inwardly there is an unbelieving heart. Perhaps even Moses himself may have been startled to hear such a charge, and utterly unconscious that his faith was seriously imperiled. Had he been charged with inattention irritation, want of strict obedience, these were only too plain; but want of faith! Nothing but the clear word of God could make that credible. The lesson to us is that an impaired faith may be the cause of many of our spiritual troubles. We, worse than Moses, may be habitually inattentive and irritable, and afflicted with the sad consciousness that the habits are becoming more and more fixed. To treat them by direct effort is only to mitigate the symptoms of a deep disease, but to get into a truly believing state of mind, to have faith, and to have it more abundantly, will soon weaken and ultimately destroy these harassing spiritual infirmities.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2<\/strong>. <em>In a consequent failure to sanctify God in the eyes of the people. <\/em>The unbelief of Moses was not only a loss to him personally, but those who were out of the way already it led still further out of the way. All eyes were looking to Moses; his fall was not that of some obscure man. Furthermore, he made God&#8217;s action appear stern and wrathful just at the very time when it was intended to be specially gracious. For forty years the people had been under God&#8217;s displeasure. Now the gloomy cloud was breaking, the time for entrance into Canaan drawing near, and at the very place where God had once appeared in wrath he evidently intends now to appear in grace and mercy. But the conduct of Moses and Aaron spoils all this beautiful revelation. It was a strange reversal of what had hitherto happened. We no longer see God threatening wrath, and Moses offering ingenious pleas for mercy, but God is now gracious, overlooking a time of ignorance, and Moses, whom one would have expected to see radiant with benignity and satisfaction, goes to the very extreme of denunciation. The grace of the benefit was utterly spoiled. It seemed as if God threw down a supply for the people&#8217;s need, as a churlish hand might fling a loaf at a beggar. We must labour to live as Christ would have us live, so that men may glorify God in us, and find no occasion to blaspheme; following in the footsteps of him who was able to say, &#8220;I have glorified thee on the earth: I have finished the work which thou gavest me to do&#8221; (<span class='bible'>Joh 17:4<\/span>).<\/p>\n<p><strong>III.<\/strong> <strong>THE<\/strong> <strong>WAY<\/strong> <strong>IN<\/strong> <strong>WHICH<\/strong> <strong>THE<\/strong> <strong>SIN<\/strong> <strong>WAS<\/strong> <strong>PUNISHED<\/strong>. Those who fail to sanctify God before the people, and make his glory to appear, must in turn bear humiliation before the people. This was not a private intimation to Moses and Aaron, so that only they knew the reason why they were to die before entrance on the promised land. The publication of the doom was needed. Moses himself at the beginning of Deuteronomy (<span class='bible'>Num 1:37<\/span>) seems to make some allusion to this doom upon him: &#8220;The Lord was angry with me for your sakes, saying, Thou also shalt not go in thither;&#8221; though certainly there is some difficulty arising from the blending of these words with the general doom on the Israelites forty years before. Anyway it is plain that the people knew Moses was to die with the doomed generation. His death happening as it did was a kind of blotting out of all that seemed harsh in the giving of the water. It was an. impressive reminder to all future generations of what God had meant to be done. We must not exaggerate this penalty beyond its proper extent and purpose. To the people it would seem very great, and to Moses also at that time it would seem great. But, at the worst, it was only a temporal deprivation. Moses lost the earthly Canaan, but the better land he did not lose. Who was it that appeared in glory to Jesus on the mount? This very Moses, with whom God for a time dealt so sternly. The greatest of temporal losses, the one that now brings most pain, and seems as if it never could be made up, will look a very little thing from among the attainments of eternity. What shall it hurt a man if he lose the whole world and gain a place in the inheritance of the saints in light? Learn, lastly, that none can humiliate us or bring us into loss but ourselves. It may not be our own fault if we are ridiculed; it is always our own fault if we are ridiculous. Moses had suffered many things from the people in the way of scorn and threatening, but through all these things he moves with unimpaired hopes and possessions. It is his own unbelief that brings this bitter disappointment. One traitor within the gates is more dangerous than all the army outside.Y.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span class='bible'>Num 20:14-21<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>THE CLAIM OF KINSHIP REJECTED<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>I.  THE<\/strong> <strong>CLAIM<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1<\/strong>. It is the claim of a <em>kinsman<\/em>, even a brother. The message is not from Moses, but &#8220;thy brother Israel,&#8221; who was also a twin-brother. The long intervening space of years seems to fade away, and with it the hosts of the Israelites and Edomites. Jacob and Esau stand before us, as on the morning of reconciliation, after the wrestling at Peniel (<span class='bible'>Gen 33:1-20<\/span>). The descendants had passed through very different experiences, and were now in very different positions; but Moses felt that this common ancestry constituted a claim which he might reasonably plead. So wherever the believer travels, though he cannot put in the claim of grace upon the unbeliever, he may put in the claim of nature. &#8220;God hath made of one blood all nations of men,&#8221; said the Jew Paul to the Gentiles of Athens. The changes of grace transform the ties of nature, but do not destroy them. Believers must always do their best to keep hold of unbelievers by virtue of their common humanity. Israel must remind Edom of brotherhood, not only that Israel may profit by the tie, but may also have the chance of profiting Edom (<span class='bible'>1Co 7:12-16<\/span>).<\/p>\n<p><strong>2<\/strong>. It is the claim <em>of a kinsman in need. <\/em>We are not told exactly how the request came to be made. God commanded the people to pass through the coasts of Edom (<span class='bible'>Deu 2:4<\/span>), and the presumption is that Moses discovered on approach that the way through Edom would be the <em>most <\/em>direct and convenient to the land of Canaan. One gets the impression that the people were now allowed to make their way to Canaan with what speed they could, as if to make contrast with the penal delay which God had so long and sternly imposed. If Edom had been willing, Israel might have got to Jordan all the sooner. And so the Church of Christ, in its onward rush, has had to plead with the world, its brother, for toleration and free passage, freedom to speak and act according to conviction. Our chief resort, and always our last one, is to God himself, but there are some ways in which the world can help. Paul counted it part of his advantage, as an apostle, that he could plead for justice, protection: and free course as a Roman before Roman tribunals.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3<\/strong>. It is the claim of <em>a kinsman who had been through very peculiar experiences. <\/em>The great need of Israel was that it wanted to get home again. The plea is the plea of an exile, who has been in a strange land for a long time, and amid cruel oppressors. Further, the experiences had been peculiar not only in respect of the cruelty of men, but also of <em>the goodness of God. <\/em>He had sent an angel to deliver and guide. More indication Moses could not give, because it would not have been understood. So peculiar had these experiences been that Edom <em>had heard something of them. <\/em>The presumption is that all through the past Edom had known something of Israel&#8217;s history, and Israel something of Edom&#8217;s. The histories of the Church and the world intermingle. The world cannot but know such experiences of the Church as are perceptible to the eye of sense. &#8220;This thing was not done in a corner,&#8221; said Paul to the incredulous Festus. The course of the Church has been one of sufferings, marvels and mysteries, interpositions and favours of God, which are not to be concealed in any appeals which are to be made to the world. &#8220;He hath not dealt so with any nation&#8221; (<span class='bible'>Psa 147:20<\/span>). &#8220;Blessed is the nation whoso God is the Lord; and the people whom he hath chosen for his own inheritance&#8221; (<span class='bible'>Psa 33:12<\/span>).<\/p>\n<p><strong>4<\/strong>.<em> It asks comparatively little, and promises much in return. <\/em>The request throws great light on Moses&#8217; own character, and shows clearly how far he was from reckless ambition. It was an honest request, founded in truth, and Moses made it as one quite reasonable and safe for Edom to grant. The people of God have but little to ask the world for themselves, if it will but let them go through quietly and peaceably. They want none of this world&#8217;s goods and pleasures, and are ready to assure it that these will remain untouched. There is nothing in the shape of a holy city, a new Jerusalem, among this world&#8217;s possessions. It is a grand assurance to give, that no one in the world will be the worse for the true Christians who pass through it. Moses might even have said, &#8220;Let us through, and a blessing will rest upon you.&#8221; Wherever the Christian goes, he not simply refrains from evil, but does positive good. &#8220;Ye are the salt of the earth; ye are the light of the world.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><strong>II.<\/strong> <strong>THE<\/strong> <strong>REJECTION<\/strong> <strong>OF<\/strong> <strong>THE<\/strong> <strong>CLAIM<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1<\/strong>.<em> It was rejected without giving reasons. <\/em>There is no answer but that of the &#8220;much people&#8221; and the drawn sword. This in general has been the method by which the world has met the Church when pleading for toleration, liberty of conscience, liberty to serve God according to his will. The world in its pride will not stoop to understand or calmly consider what the Church may feel it needful to ask. It gets its brute force ready at once, whether in coarser or more refined forms, for those who have different purposes and sympathies (<span class='bible'>Act 4:3<\/span>, <span class='bible'>Act 4:17<\/span>, <span class='bible'>Act 4:18<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Act 5:18<\/span>, <span class='bible'>Act 5:40<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Act 7:57<\/span>, <span class='bible'>Act 7:58<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Act 9:1<\/span>, <span class='bible'>Act 9:2<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Act 14:5<\/span>, <span class='bible'>Act 14:19<\/span>, &amp;c.).<\/p>\n<p><strong>2<\/strong>. <em>Though no reasons were given, yet Edom had them, strong and potent, in its heart. <\/em>It is not always easy or decent to avow reasons for action; beside which, Edom felt that promptitude in action was required. Moses had sent a message which called up all the past, nut only what he wished called up, but many things he would rather not have brought to mind. The name of Esau&#8217;s brother was Jacob as well as Israel, and both names were connected with disturbing recollections to the Edomites. &#8220;Thou knowest,&#8221; said Moses. But his way of presenting the facts, and that alone, could not be confidingly accepted by Edom. A great deal of ugly and disquieting news must have filtered through with respect to this great host of fighting men. The great difficulty Moses had in keeping them in order was probably not unknown to surrounding peoples. Thus the Edomites would feel in their hearts that the pledges of Moses were but as broken reeds to rely on. How could he be responsible for the orderliness and honesty of such a host, a host with such a suspicious history? The world has ever had its instinctive fears of the Church. It bears of certain promises and prophecies, and interprets these against its own present security. Herod, trembling for his throne, slays the infants of Bethlehem to make sure of it. The world, loving its own and thinking there is nothing like it, ignorantly supposes that its possessions must stand esteemed by the Church in the same way. Edom, in its suspicious spirit, looked on Israel much as the Jews in Thessalonica on Paul and Silas: &#8220;These that have turned the world upside down are come hither also.&#8221; The Church says, &#8220;I am thy friend, O world, thy brother; I will not harm thee;&#8221; but the world thinks it well to he on the safe side, and give no chance of harm, if it can prevent it.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3<\/strong>. <em>The refusal of Edom emphasizes the peculiar destiny of Israel. <\/em>Moses said that Israel wanted nothing of all Edom&#8217;s treasures. Its treasures were elsewhere, and it pressed onward to possess them. Nevertheless, the treasures of Edom would not have been without temptation, and Edom, unconsciously, spares Israel a trial of its steadfastness. The true people of God have reason to be thankful even for the intolerance of the world. The delays and toils of circuitous roads, where mountains and hills are not yet brought low, nor the crooked made straight, and the rough ways smooth, may have more advantages than in the midst of present discomforts we dream of. The temporal prosperity of its members has not been the boon to the Church that many think. The great boon is to have God continually impressing on our minds that this is not our home. &#8220;I gave our brethren a solemn caution not to love the world, neither the things of the world. This will be their grand danger. As they are industrious and frugal, they must needs increase in goods. This appears already in London, Bristol, and most other trading towns. Those who are in business have increased in substance seven-fold, some of them twenty, yea, a hundred-fold. What need then have these of the strongest warnings, lest they be entangled therein and perish!&#8221; (Wesley&#8217;s Journal,&#8217; 3:139).Y.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span class='bible'>Num 20:22-29<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>THE DEATH OF AARON<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The chapter, beginning with the death of the sister, closes with the death of the brother, and Moses, in the midst of many official anxieties, is further smitten with great personal bereavement. But not a word of his feeling appears. This is a history of the children of Israel, and the death of Aaron is recorded here not because of Aaron the man, but because of Aaron the priest. The whole solemn event, peculiarly dignified in the transaction of it, is peculiarly dignified also in the record of it. He who had been Specially holy to God during his life passes away in circumstances accordant with the dignity and holiness of his office.<\/p>\n<p><strong>I.<\/strong> <strong>HIS<\/strong> <strong>DEATH<\/strong>, <strong>NEVERTHELESS<\/strong>, <strong>IS<\/strong> A <strong>PENAL<\/strong> <strong>ONE<\/strong>. All the holiness of the office cannot obliterate, it cannot even condone, the sin of the man. Great as his privileges had been, and great as the power shown when he stood successfully between the living and the dead, the difference between him and his brethren was only in <em>office<\/em>, not in <em>nature. <\/em>The people were to be impressed with the fact that the priest was not only a great chosen mediator, but a sinful brother. He died, not in the seclusion and privacy of a tent, but upon the mountain, in sight of all the congregation. His part in the sin of Meribah, subordinate as that part seemed, could not be passed over. The sin of omission is as serious as the sin of commission. God had spoken the command in the ears of both the brothers, and what Moses failed to recollect or attend to, Aaron should have supplied from his own knowledge. Thus holy, faithful, and honourable as his life might rightly be called, his sin at the hour of death is brought right into the foreground. We justly magnify the lives of God&#8217;s servants, and point with satisfaction to the serenity and expectancy that mark their closing days, and often their closing hour itself, but never let us forget what sin has had to do in bringing them where they are. It is because of Christ that his people die peacefully, but it is because of sin that they have to die at all. He surely dies the calmest who, forgetting his own good works, casts himself, more conscious than ever of his sin, on the mercy of God and the redeeming work of Christ.<\/p>\n<p><strong>II.<\/strong> <strong>THOUGH<\/strong> <strong>PENAL<\/strong>, <strong>IT<\/strong> <strong>WAS<\/strong> <strong>TRANQUIL<\/strong>; we may even say it was hopeful. A great dealmore than we can fathommay be hidden in that expression, &#8220;gathered unto his people.&#8221; If Aaron did not receive the promise, it was because he could not be made perfect without us (<span class='bible'>Heb 11:39<\/span>, <span class='bible'>Heb 11:40<\/span>). The man who presumptuously neglected the passover was to be cut off from among his people (<span class='bible'>Num 9:13<\/span>; <span class='bible'>Num 15:30<\/span>); Korah and his companions perished from among, the congregation; but Aaron was gathered to his people. Doubtless he went up in repentance, faith, obedience, and deep humility to face the great mystery. Though he had sinned at Meribah, disobedience to God and self-seeking were not the chosen and beloved principles in his life. It is a dreadful thing to die in sin, but to the repentant sinner, showing his repentance in sufficient and appropriate fruits, and steadfastly believing in Christ, how can death be dreadful? Many who have lived in long bondage to the fear of death have been wonderfully relieved and calmed as the dreaded hour drew nigh.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Many shapes<br \/>Of Death, and many are the ways that lead<br \/>To his grim cave, all dismal; yet to sense<br \/>More terrible at th&#8217; entrance than within.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><strong>III.<\/strong> <strong>THE<\/strong> <strong>CONTINUITY<\/strong> <strong>OF<\/strong> <strong>HOLY<\/strong> <strong>SERVICE<\/strong> <strong>IS<\/strong> <strong>PROVIDED<\/strong> <strong>FOR<\/strong>. Among the kingdoms of this world the cry is, &#8220;The king is deadlong live the king.&#8221; The departing king keeps his authority and pomp to the last breath. But here while Aaron is still alive, before death can stain those rich and holy garments with its hated touch, they are taken from the father and assumed by the son. Consider this transfer of office thus made, in the light of <span class='bible'>Num 19:1-22<\/span>. It was not on Aaron&#8217;s part a spontaneous abdication,that he could not make,but a further significant hint how abominable death is to God. It is not the priest who dies, but the sinful man. There in the sight of all the people it was signified that though they had lost the man, never for a moment had they lost the priest. There was nothing Aaron had done which Eleazar could not do as welt. Aaron personally does not seem to have been a very remarkable man; if anything, wanting in individuality, and easily led. Do not let us look with apprehension when those who seem to be pillars are giving way. The word of Jesus should reassure our doubts, and make us utterly ashamed of them. &#8220;Lo, I am with you alway, even to the end of the world.&#8221;Y.<\/p>\n<h4 align='right'><i><b>Fuente: The Complete Pulpit Commentary<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n<p><strong><em><span class='bible'>Num 20:1<\/span><\/em><\/strong><strong>. <\/strong><strong><em>Then came the children of Israel<\/em><\/strong><strong><\/strong> From Kadesh, where we left the Israelites, ch. <span class=''>Num 13:27<\/span> <span class='bible'>Num 14:25<\/span>. They continued to wander in the desarts of Arabia thirty-seven years, and found there seventeen different encampments, ch. 33: After which, all that generation of murmurers being dead, Moses, always guided by the miraculous cloud, was ordered to return into the desart of <em>Sin, <\/em>upon the confines of Idumea. <\/p>\n<p><strong><em>In the first month<\/em><\/strong><strong><\/strong> That is to say, in the first month of the fortieth year after their departure from Egypt; which happening in the year of the world 2513, this, consequently, was the first month of the year 2552; see Bedford&#8217;s Scripture Chronology, book 4: chap. 5. It may seem strange, perhaps, that Moses should pass in silence the transactions of these thirty and seven years which the Israelites wandered in the wilderness, and give us only the first and last years of their peregrinations: but M. le Clerc well remarks, that there is nothing strange in this, since Moses writes not so much in quality of an historian as of a legislator, whose purpose it was to deliver down to posterity all those laws which he received from God; and that system of laws being completed in the first two years after the Exodus, and no new law being delivered during the subsequent years, it did not fall in with his design to insert the history of those years in the Pentateuch. It appears, however, that during the long sojourn of the Israelites in the wilderness, they preserved, with an almost inconceivable obstinacy, their unhappy propensity to the idolatry of Egypt: not content, however, with the idols of Egypt, they borrowed those of the new people with whom they had any conversation. Moloch, Chiun, Remphan, and other such-like Divinities, of whom we know little more than the names, partook of their homage with the true and eternal God. <\/p>\n<p><strong><em>In Kadesh<\/em><\/strong><strong><\/strong> Not in Kadesh Barnea, the fifteenth station or encampment of the Israelites, upon the confines of the southern part of Canaan; but in another Kadesh, which was upon the confines of Idumea, and not far from the Red-sea. <\/p>\n<p><strong><em>And Miriam died there<\/em><\/strong><strong><\/strong> Four months before her brother Aaron, ch. <span class=''>Num 33:38<\/span> and eleven before Moses. She was the eldest of three, and was near a hundred and thirty years old, as may be collected from <span class=''>Exo 4:7<\/span> where it appears, that she was not a child when Moses was born. Eusebius tells us, that in his time the tomb of Miriam was found at Kadesh, at a little distance from Petra, the capital of Arabia Petraea. Several of the ancients believed that she died a virgin; and that she was the legislatrix and governess of the Israelitish women, as Moses was the legislator of the men. <\/p>\n<h4 align='right'><i><b>Fuente: Commentary on the Holy Bible by Thomas Coke<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n<p><strong>SEVENTH SECTION<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Retrospect of the Settlement in Kadesh Miriams Death. The Great Mortality. The Destiny of Moses and Aaron to die in the Desert on Account of their Offence at Meribah<\/strong><\/p>\n<p> <span class='bible'>Num 20:1-13<\/span><\/p>\n<p>1<span class=''>1<\/span> Then came the children of Israel, <em>even<\/em> the whole congregation, into the desert of Zin in the first month: and the people abode in Kadesh; and Miriam died there, and was buried there. 2And there was no water for the congregation: and they gathered themselves together against Moses and against Aaron. 3And the people chode with Moses, and spake, saying, Would <span class=''>2<\/span>God that we had <span class=''>3<\/span>died when our brethren cdied before the Lord! 4And why have ye brought up the <span class=''>4<\/span>congregation of the Lord into this wilderness, that we and our cattle should die there? 5And wherefore have ye made us to come up out of Egypt, to bring us in unto this evil place? it <em>is<\/em> no place of seed, or of figs, or of vines, or of pomegranates; neither <em>is<\/em> there any water to drink. 6And Moses and Aaron went from the presence of the assembly unto the door of the <span class=''>5<\/span>tabernacle of the congregation, and they fell upon their faces: and the glory of the Lord appeared unto them.<\/p>\n<p>7And the Lord spake unto Moses, saying, 8Take the rod, and gather thou the <span class=''>6<\/span>assembly together, thou and Aaron thy brother, and speak ye unto the rock before their eyes; and it shall give forth his water, and thou shalt bring forth to them water out of the rock; so thou shalt give the congregation and their beasts drink. 9And Moses took the rod from before the Lord, as he commanded him. 10And Moses and Aaron gathered the dcongregation together before the rock, and he said unto them, Hear now, ye rebels; <span class=''>7<\/span>must we fetch you water out of this rock? 11And Moses lifted up his hand, and with his rod he smote the rock twice: and the water came out abundantly, and the congregation drank, and their beasts <em>also<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>12And the Lord spake unto Moses and Aaron, Because ye believed me not, to sanctify me in the eyes of the children of Israel, therefore ye shall not bring this 13<span class=''>8<\/span>congregation into the land which I have given them. This <em>is<\/em> the water of <span class=''>9<\/span>Meribah; <span class=''>10<\/span>because the children of Israel <span class=''>11<\/span>strove with the Lord, and he was sanctified in them.<\/p>\n<p><strong>EXEGETICAL AND CRITICAL<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Our text has become the knotty point of the greatest misunderstandings. Usually it is understood as follows. The children of Israel came once again to Kadesh in the first month of the fortieth year. And after that, all these things took place that are related afterwards. The most positive facts speak against this fixed assumption. First, the clear testimony of <span class='bible'>Deuteronomy 1<\/span>. Second, the history of the water of strife. That is to say, had the Israelites made themselves familiar with the neighborhood of Kadesh-Barnea, then they would have known also its water-springs; but according to our passage, they have hardly more than arrived in the desert of Zin, and have as yet found no springs in it. Third, <strong>the people strove with Moses saying: Would that we had perished when our brethren perished before the Lord<\/strong>. After forty years they could not have spoken of <em>brothers<\/em> that had perished, but only of <em>fathers<\/em>. Almost the whole generation of <em>the fathers<\/em> was now buried. They do not even seem to have experienced as yet the rebellion of Korah, for Keil justly remarks: by that they do not mean the rebellion of Korah (Knobel), for whose destruction , <em>exspirare<\/em>, is no fitting expression, but those that died gradually during the thirty-eight years. The rest of their complaint, also, agrees better with the beginning of their sojourn in the desert than with a period when they had long since accustomed themselves to the steppe. According to the internal relations, the murmuring at the want of water connects very simply with the murmuring at the want of bread or food at the Graves of Lust (11.), and falls in the period of the settlement in the desert of Paran, <span class='bible'>Num 12:16<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>Accordingly we assume, that the beginning of Chap.20. is to be understood as pluperfect. <strong>Now the children of Israel had come<\/strong>, <em>i.e.<\/em> the host of God with the whole congregation, <strong>into the wilderness of Zin, and the people encamped at Kadesh<\/strong>. More definitely the chronological order was as follows. On the 20th day of the second month of the second year (of the Exodus) the Israelites departed from Sinai (<span class='bible'>Num 10:11<\/span>). Since then about a year has elapsed until the settlement in Paran, or till the first month of which our chapter speaks, by which, therefore, is to be understood the third year, because the sentence of a forty years abode in the wilderness cannot well be set at a later period. Moreover, it must not be left unnoticed, that already after the meeting of the people, chap. 14, it is said: only Joshua and Caleb shall enter the land of Canaan, so that we must suppose that Moses and Aaron had already received their sentence. It may be further added, that a failure on the part of the great man of God more probably occurred in the first years of his course than at the close, when he was so near his goal.<\/p>\n<p>The motive for the chronological displacement of our history, as was already intimated, was to combine in one account the fates of these two brothers and their sister.<\/p>\n<p>A return of the story to an older history appears to be presented also in the section <span class='bible'>Num 21:1-3<\/span>. The account of the defeat of Israel there related is the old story of the unsuccessful raid into the south of Canaan (<span class='bible'>Num 14:40-45<\/span>). It is resumed again in this place on account of the vow that Israel made at that time, and now fulfils, of which we will treat further on. Also according to Knobels way of seeing the matter, the text not only speaks of two periods of abode in Kadesh, but also according to the Jehovistic document of a single abode there (p. 103). The old register of encampments likewise recognizes only one abode in Kadesh.<\/p>\n<p>[On the view that there was only <em>one<\/em> abode in Kadesh, and that the host arrived there not earlier than in the <em>third<\/em> year of the Exodus, and possibly later, see Tr.s note at the end of <span class='bible'>Numbers 14<\/span>. Dr. Langes appeal to <span class='bible'>Deuteronomy 1<\/span>. is an argument that deserves more amplification. The language of <span class='bible'>Deu 1:19<\/span>, particularly: We went through all that great and terrible wilderness, implies a longer journey and more varied experience than could be compressed into eighty days or so. The same may be said of 20:33, which, compared with <span class='bible'>Num 9:15-23<\/span>, seems to refer to the wanderings from Sinai to Kadesh.Tr.]<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>Num 20:1<\/span>. On the desert of Zin and Kadesh-Barnea, see above at <span class='bible'>Num 12:16<\/span>. On Kadesh see also the article in Gesenius. According to Keil, and the common view, <strong>the first month<\/strong> falls in the fortieth year of the Exodus. A difficulty of that view is presented in the inquiry: Why is nothing said of the want of water during the first stay at Kadesh, whereas it is spoken of in reference to the second?<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>Num 20:4<\/span>. The displeasure at the want of water again excites the imagination of the malcontents about the deficiencies of the desert in general.<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>Num 20:6<\/span>. Moses and Aaron prostrate themselves helplessly at the door of the Tabernacle. To this holy helplessness and surrender, one might say, there corresponds here, too, a wondrous exaltation. The glory of the Lord appeared to them. Let us here call to mind once more how near to one another are the notions, the appearing of the glory of the Lord, and the appearing of the Angel of the Lord.<\/p>\n<p>Ver.7. The instruction Jehovah gives is very different from the instruction at Rephidim (<span class='bible'>Exo 17:5<\/span>). On that occasion of drought stronger means were used for the miracle. Moses with some of the elders had to go off away from the people; here he was to take a stand opposite the rock with all the elders and the whole congregation. There he had to smite the rock with his staff; but here Moses and Aaron were simply to speak to the rock, <em>i.e.<\/em> in a symbolical sense command the rock, though he was provided with the rod in his hand. The help was to be miraculously near, as it was often prepared for the discoverers of springs in sacred history. Jehovahs directions, therefore, demand of the prophet the most decided confidence and composure of spirit.<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>Num 20:9<\/span>. He took the staff <strong>from before Jehovah<\/strong>. Does that mean: the staff had been deposited in the sanctuary? It was the miraculous rod that he had in his hand when <em>he<\/em> received commissions <em>from Jehovah<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>Num 20:10-11<\/span>. Wherein consisted Moses sin, in which, as one must suppose, Aaron too was involved as regarded feeling? Absolute unbelief cannot be meant; otherwise it is impossible that Moses would have smote the rock. For it is utterly inconceivable that he acted so in superstitious reliance on the magical effect of his staff. Jehovahs reproof intimates what was the offence: Ye have not unconditionally believed and obeyed me in a way to prove thereby to the children of Israel that I am the Holy One. The bestowal of water should have borne the character of extreme facility and manifested thereby the majesty of the personal Jehovah in His omnipotence and condescension. To His people, despairing from thirst, Jehovah would grant, of free grace and without reproach, <em>the miraculous fountain<\/em>. Moses, on the contrary, did not let himself be freed from his indignation at the people by the sight of the glory of the Lord. His address to the people reproaches them as rebels, and expresses not so much a real doubt about the approaching grant, as a contempt for the mutinous nation that really was not worth being helped, especially by such a divine miracle: water from the rock. Then he smites twice on the rock, instead of simply speaking to it, with a displeasure that really wanted to smite the people. This disobedience as to form also comes in for consideration, but is not the chief thing in itself. Yet there is reflected in it a feeling of disgust, of fleshly zeal, by which, as the representative of Jehovah, he obscures and distorts to the people the image of Jehovah Himself. How many zealots act just so in the most glaring way, yet suppose that in that way they glorify God before His people! Let it be noted, that it was only on account of this trait of fanatical excitement of the two men, by which they embittered a great gift of free compassion, an hour of pure grace, that entrance into the earthly Canaan, <em>i.e.<\/em> the ideal completion of their task was denied them.<\/p>\n<p>According to <span class='bible'>Psa 106:33<\/span>, a chief stress is laid on the inconsiderate words of Moses, that plainly betrayed his troubled, exasperated feeling. Concerning the fable, falsely ascribed to the Rabbins, that the rock followed the Israelites from Rephidim to Kadesh, see the note of Keil <em>in loc<\/em>. The symbolical side of the underlying history is brought out in <span class='bible'>1Co 10:4<\/span>. Concerning the rock-fountain at Rephidim, and also concerning the identification of the events, see the <em>Biblew<\/em>. comm. on <span class='bible'>Exo 17:1<\/span>, p. 65. Also Keil on <span class='bible'>Exo 17:1<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>HOMILETICAL HINTS<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Chap.<span class='bible'>Num 20:1-13<\/span>. The water of strife and the impatience of Moses. The impatience of Moses as the final explosion of a displeasure again and again restrained and subdued through many years, hence not without connection with his seemingly too early death (see <span class='bible'>Psalms 90<\/span>). Here, therefore, was verified the Old Testament saying: The zeal of thine house hath eaten me up. Still this fate of death also was finally a mercy, and not less a miracle of wisdom. The death of the great brothers and sister.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Footnotes:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span class=''>[1]<\/span><em>And<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><span class=''>[2]<\/span>omit <em>God.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><span class=''>[3]<\/span><em>perished<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><span class=''>[4]<\/span><em>assembly<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><span class=''>[5]<\/span><em>Tent of Meeting.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><span class=''>[6]<\/span><em>congregation.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><span class=''>[7]<\/span><em>shall<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><span class=''>[8]<\/span><em>assembly<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><span class=''>[9]<\/span>That is, <em>strife<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><span class=''>[10]<\/span><em>where<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><span class=''>[11]<\/span><em>chode<\/em>.<\/p>\n<h4 align='right'><i><b>Fuente: A Commentary on the Holy Scriptures, Critical, Doctrinal, and Homiletical by Lange<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n<p> CONTENTS<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p> This Chapter commenceth afresh the historical part of Israel&#8217;s journey through the wilderness. From the end of the second year after the children of Israel&#8217;s going forth from Egypt to the close of the thirty-ninth year, there is but little relation. But now, in the fortieth and last year which this chapter opens with, the history of the events which happened to them is more circumstantially related. Herein is contained the death of Miriam, and of Aaron: the people&#8217;s murmurings for want of water: Moses&#8217; conduct on that occasion: the refusal of Edom to let Israel pass through his land: the succession of Eleazar to the priesthood after the death of Aaron, by the LORD&#8217;S appointment.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>Num 20:1<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p> It is worthy remark what a way the LORD led Israel through the wilderness. The psalmist tells us it was a right way. And no doubt it was, for it was to prove them and to humble them. But it was not the direct way, for eleven days journey would have been enough, according to the present method of travelling, to have passed on from the borders of the Red Sea to the borders of Canaan. But Reader! what is the way of Israel now, but the same wandering life. Sweet is that prayer of Moses the man of GOD, which the HOLY GHOST taught him, and which is recorded for the benefit of the church, and no doubt penned upon this occasion. <span class='bible'>Psa 90:1-12<\/span> . The death of Miriam ought not to be passed over without due reflection. There can be no question but that she was a child of GOD, witness her conduct at the Red Sea: <span class='bible'>Exo 15:20-21<\/span> . And indeed the prophet makes honourable mention of her as such. <span class='bible'>Mic 6:4<\/span> . But Miriam, like all others taken from among men, manifested the hole of the pit from whence she was digged. See <span class='bible'>Num 12:1-10<\/span> . How precious ought JESUS to appear in every renewed view, of his expediency to others as well as to ourselves. Reader! do let me prevail upon you in this place, to read what Paul the apostle saith of the constraining love of JESUS, and the cause of it, <span class='bible'>2Co 5:14-15<\/span> .<\/p>\n<h4 align='right'><i><b>Fuente: Hawker&#8217;s Poor Man&#8217;s Commentary (Old and New Testaments)<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n<p><strong> Moses Smites the Rock<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>Num 20:10-11<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/p>\n<p> I. It is a memorable incident in the Jews&#8217; history, and it is rich in warning to us at this day. What, you will ask, had Moses done, that he should be so sorely punished? He had failed in his duty towards God; and that in three particulars. (1) He had failed in strict obedience; God had bid him &#8216;speak to the rock,&#8217; and he had smitten it, smitten it twice. (2) He had shown temper, used hard language, &#8216;Hear now, ye rebels&#8217;. (3) He had taken to himself the credit of supplying the Israelites with water. &#8216;Must <em> we<\/em> fetch water for you out of the rock.&#8217;<\/p>\n<p> II. It is a standing admonition to us, (1) not to depart in the least jot or tittle from any law of God. (2) The immense importance attached to temperate speech; the necessity of keeping a check on temper, and not letting ourselves be moved, however we may be provoked, to hot and angry words. It is very noticeable how still our Lord was under provocation; when reviled, He reviled not again; He was never pushed by the taunt of His enemies to hasty, angry reply.<\/p>\n<p> The want of self-control was visited <em> very heavily visited<\/em> upon Moses, and upon &#8216;Aaron the saint of the Lord&#8217;. Because of it, they were shut out of Canaan.<\/p>\n<p> III. The scene at the rock at Meribah is further useful as carrying our thoughts upwards to Him Who is the source of all our hopes, the nourishment of our soul, the very life of our religion even the Lord Jesus Christ. The rock in the desert was but a type and shadow; the <em> reality<\/em> it typified is represented in Jesus Christ. Just as the water in the desert kept those six hundred thousand Israelites alive, so does the water which Christ has to give which He offers freely and without price to all serve to the comfort of unnumbered souls, to the cleansing, refreshing and sustaining, and the saving them from everlasting death.<\/p>\n<p> R. D. B. Rawnsley, <em> Village Sermons<\/em> (3rd Series), p. 100.<\/p>\n<p> Reference. XX. 10. R. W. Hiley, <em> A Year&#8217;s Sermons,<\/em> vol. iii. p. 166.<\/p>\n<p><strong> The Sin of Moses<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>Num 20:12<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/p>\n<p> The life of Moses was so remarkable, his difficulties so great, his patience so terribly tried, his time of service so long, and his fidelity so staunch throughout the whole of those forty years that it does seem sad to find him, when very near the end of his work, cut off from the enjoyment of that land of promise to which, from the beginning, he had been leading his people.<\/p>\n<p> One thing, however, it is important to observe, viz. that it affected only his enjoyment of Canaan, and left his soul perfectly safe. We know this because 1500 years afterwards he was seen, with Elias, conversing with the Lord Jesus at the Transfiguration.<\/p>\n<p> What was the cause of his rejection?<\/p>\n<p> He was directed not to smite the rock as on a previous occasion, but to speak. The direction was (v. 8), &#8216;Speak ye unto the rock before their eyes&#8217;. Moses was to bring forth water for the people, but the instrument was to be not a blow but a word. How often we observe that a soft word will accomplish more than the hardest blow! But with this Moses does not appear to have been satisfied. He doubtless remembered how successfully he had smitten the rock in Rephidim, so he would do the same again, and, after using some very intemperate language to the people, he &#8216;lifted up his hand, and with his rod he smote the rock twice&#8217; (v. 11).<\/p>\n<p> Such, then, were the facts, and some people may say that it did not much matter whether he smote the rock or spoke to it, especially as the people got the water, so that nobody suffered. But it did matter supremely, and was the one cause why Moses never crossed the Jordan. What, then, was the sin?<\/p>\n<p><strong> I. There was Disobedience.<\/strong> We do not know his motive. Some people think he lost his temper, and acted hastily as an angry man. Some think it was simple carelessness that he was worried and vexed, and did not trouble himself to attend to the directions given him by God. He may have used those three words that have proved so fatal to many a noble enterprise, &#8216;It will do&#8217;. At all events God told him to do one thing, and he went straight off and did another. He that was the great lawgiver, and the great upholder of law amongst the people of God; he, for some cause best known to himself, in the face of all the people, disobeyed. Surely it was high time that God should vindicate His own authority, and let even Moses learn that, whatever men may think of it, disobedience is sin?<\/p>\n<p><strong> II. It was an Act of Unbelief.<\/strong> Disobedience and unbelief are continually linked together. Unbelief leads to disobedience, and disobedience strengthens unbelief. So unbelief is the sin especially mentioned in this v. 12: &#8216;Because ye believed Me not&#8217;. Man could see the act of disobedience, but God saw the root of unbelief from which it sprang.<\/p>\n<p><strong> III. It Hindered God&#8217;s Purposes.<\/strong> Moses was a typical character, and what he was directed to do was typical. We are taught by St. Paul (<span class='bible'>1Co 10:4<\/span> ) that this very transaction was a type. &#8216;They drank of that spiritual Rock that followed them, and that Rock was Christ.&#8217; There was a most important type both in the smiting of the rock and in the speaking to it. The rock gave forth no water till it was smitten, for it was necessary that our blessed Saviour should be &#8216;smitten of God&#8217; before the water of life could flow through Him to His people. Then, again, the rock, when once smitten, required no second blow, for the first was sufficient; and after that blow was once given all that was required was that Moses should speak. Have we not here a wonderful type of the work of our blessed Saviour? When He died on that Cross He &#8216;was wounded for our transgressions, He was bruised for our iniquities&#8217;. But when He had once made that full, perfect, and complete satisfaction for sin there remained no more place for a fresh sacrifice.<\/p>\n<p> References. XX. 12. W. H. Hutchings, <em> Sermon-Sketches,<\/em> p. 122. A. G. Mortimer, <em> The Church&#8217;s Lessons for the Christian Year,<\/em> part ii. p. 361. XX. 23-29. K. Moody-Stuart, <em> Light from the Holy Hills,<\/em> p. 50. XX. 27, 28. H. P. Liddon, <em> Sermons on Old Testament Subjects,<\/em> p. 51.<\/p>\n<h4 align='right'><i><b>Fuente: Expositor&#8217;s Dictionary of Text by Robertson<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n<p><strong> Rod and Staff<\/p>\n<p><span class='bible'>Num 20:8<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em> <\/p>\n<h4 align='right'><i><b>Fuente: Expositor&#8217;s Dictionary of Text by Robertson<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n<p> <strong> Unexpected Retribution<\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style='margin-left:6.12em'> Num 20:14-21<\/p>\n<p> ALL these things have an explanation. The judgment of things does not lie upon the bare surface, nor is our life a quantity constituted between four visible and measurable points. Life is a mystery sometimes distant, shapeless and measureless as a cloud, and sometimes a veil so thin we can almost see through it, yet when we touch it, it is a hard wall built by hands invisible, and rising up with darkening height to the very clouds from which we expected revelations of morning and summer. Why do we whine and complain, and say we are ill-used and Edom is unkind and ungenerous, wanting in hospitality, and in all the tenderest attributes of human nature? It is an ill speech; it is as wanting in honesty and self-recognition as it is in sound reasoning. Israel was not the poor little innocent wanderer that it appeared to be from the plaintive, suppliant speech of Moses. Nothing is self-contained. We must go into yesterday to find the explanation of to-day. To-day! What is it? An up-gathering and sharp, yet transient, representation of things that happened in the centuries dead but never forgotten and never inoperative. Who pleads? Israel. To whom is the plea addressed? To a brother. How did the word <em> brother<\/em> come into the narrative? It came historically. We have here Jacob and Esau. Edom is the name by which Esau was known. Wherever we find the term Edom, our minds may instantly associate with it the history of Esau, and an action of divine sovereignty in relation to that history. Jacob supplanted Esau, ran away in the night time, met his brother at some distance of time afterwards, the brothers fell upon one another&#8217;s necks, kissed each other, and seemed to sink the infinite outrage in grateful and perpetual oblivion. Nothing of the kind. Life cannot be managed thus; things do not lie between man and man only. Herein is the difference between crime and sin. Crime may be an affair open, visible, measurable, to which adequate penalty may be measured out; but sin hurts the heavens, insults and stains the sceptre of the universe pains the heart of God. Can men shake hands over it, sponge it out by some act of transient generosity, and say, Let it be forgotten, as though it had never been? We cannot treat our own sin. The answer to the sin of men must come from the God against whom the sin was committed. Do not let us imagine that sin is a breach of etiquette, a perversion of social custom, an eccentricity of personal taste, a mere outrage of a conventional kind. If we talk thus flippantly and superficially about sin, we shall be astounded when we behold the Cross that was erected for its obliteration and pardon. We must know the sinfulness of sin before we can know the compassionateness of mercy. So Jacob and Esau come face to face throughout the ages. The supplanter cannot sponge out his miserable cunning and selfish deceit and unpardonable fraud. Jacob the individual dies, Esau the individual dies: but Jacob and Esau, as representing a great controversy, can never die: to the end of the chapter Edom will encounter Israel with deep and lasting animosity. We cannot always explain the animosities which burn in our excited hearts; examined and cross-examined as to their history, we may be quite unable to give any exact account of genesis and growth and culmination. Man cannot explain himself to himself; he only knows that inexplicably he feels an animosity which cataracts cannot quench a burning, blazing scorn which seas cannot drown. There is a mystery in human development. Things are larger than they seem to be. Awkward, perplexing, distressing, is the fact we are bound to recognise, that we come up against ourselves day by day, and our ghostly history follows us from wedding to burial, from feast to battle, from day to night; and when we would be gladdest it thrusts in its sting the furthest. Let us take care of this life. The day is more than twelve hours long; invisible threadlets pass through the dark night and connect themselves with the next day. Our life is not a thread like a line; it is a web moving in various directions, and thickening itself into substance not always easy to handle, and sometimes wrapping itself round us like a robe that burns off our skin, and sometimes lifting itself above us to shut out the fire and blessing of the sun. Fools are they who live from hand to mouth, yea, fools inexplicable and unpardonable and wholly undesirable as to companionship, who live a flippant life, thinking that things are in no wise related, and forgetting that to-morrow brings the harvest of to-day.<\/p>\n<p> Influence is not limited by personal action. What is a &#8220;person&#8221;? There is no such thing, in any narrow and limited sense of the term. A man stands Up and says, Am I not a man? ; and I say, No, you are not ; there need not be any long and wordy discussion about that. What is an &#8220;individual&#8221;? There is no such thing, in the sense of a quantity that can be measured, weighed, and set down in exact figures, and as having no relation whatever to anything past or to come. When the little child stands up, generations beat in his pulse. When a man asks if he is not a &#8220;person,&#8221; an &#8220;individual,&#8221; he forgets that all his forefathers gather up mysterious influences in his breathing, his attitude, and his action. We are more than we appear to be. We do not bury the past and shut it out as an operative factor in the daily ministry of being. This makes life solemn even to awfulness. When the young life coughs and heaves under the influence of internal pain, what is it that happens? Whole generations of weakness gather up in that sense of distress and powerlessness. When a young and apparently lovely character suddenly deflects from the straight line and goes away into forbidden places, what has happened? Generations of criminals have asserted their ascendency over the individual will, and the wanderer may have run off to meet in invisible council more than two or three generations of men.<\/p>\n<p> Jacob must meet Esau again and again. There is no easy escape for wrongdoers. The eternal distrust which subsists between man and man, family and family, race and race, has a moral explanation. It is not all whim, fickleness, mere passion and selfish excitement. We must be philosophical in our quest for causes and motives. Far back in time almost immeasurable we shall find the seed was sown which comes up in unexpected places. The children must suffer for the fathers. We cannot help it We would complain of it were there not a supplemental and completing truth: for as certainly as the children suffer for their fathers, are they benefited by their fathers&#8217; nobleness and beneficence as certainly do they come to reap golden harvests because of the good seed sowed by the generations that are gone. The way of the Lord is equal. We perhaps cannot understand why we are not allowed to pass through this land, to have right of passage down this country, to navigate certain rivers, and to cross particular provinces; and we take offence: our sensibilities are easily wounded; we say, This is hard. But you cannot set aside the &#8220;divinity that shapes our ends&#8221; the Providence that looks now and again upon us with a face of solemn judgment and transfixes us with a look full of spiritual accusation. What then? Instead of complaining and moaning and reproaching other people, let us search into the reality of the case, and we shall find, perhaps to our surprise and our surprise may be turned to our instruction, that whatever occurs to us in the way of disappointment, humiliation, and subordination, is explained by sin done long ago. Is there any consolation in that explanation of the mystery? None; but there is what is better. Why do you always seek for consolation and soothing? Who are we that we should cry out in moaning terms for perpetual consolation? Stand up and say, This is God&#8217;s law, and by it we will work; we suffer hurt, damage, loss, because of what went before us; we cannot remedy that, but, by the help of God, we will see that our posterity shall reap sweetness where we have gathered only bitterness. The lesson is before you; the application relates to those who are coming afterwards. We can make their burdens lighter; we can already open gates through kingdoms for men who are coming fifty and a hundred years and more after this very day; and as the gates fly open, and hospitality is offered in the time of their wandering, they will remember that this day good men sowed good seed, mighty men fought battles with Heaven, great suppliants won great answers which <em> they<\/em> will enjoy in the fulness of their noble fruition.<\/p>\n<p> So Esau had his turn. We pitied the hairy man as he was driven away portionless, without a blessing, his great big heart full of sin no doubt, quivering with agony, for which there was no adequate expression in words; but in so far as he has been wronged he will see satisfaction and himself be satisfied. The supplanted family had a land when the supplanter&#8217;s descendants had only a wilderness. This is the law of Providence. Events are not measured within the compasses of the little day. The cunning man or the strong man, the oppressor or the wrong-doer, may have his victory to-day, and may smile upon it, and regard it with complacency, and receive the incense of adulation from persons who only see between sunrise and sundown. But the heavens are against him; he has to encounter the eternities, long time after his victory shall wither, and in his descendants his humiliation shall be consummated. Suppose, however, that he should not care for his descendants? Then he is not a man to be trusted now. Have no companionship with him. Do not put your hand into his hand, for he will wrong you and you will come out of the grasp with a stain upon your palm. Do not laugh with the fool when he says that he cares not for his descendants. A man who does not care for his descendants, cannot care for you, cannot care for his contemporaries; he writes his own condemnation in his flippant neglect. My son, have nothing to do with such a man; he will take thee into dark places, strip thee, wrong thee, and to suit his purpose may kill thee. Is it not wonderful how the wheel goes round? &#8220;Dearly beloved, avenge not yourselves, but rather give place unto wrath: for it is written, Vengeance is mine; I will repay, saith the Lord.&#8221; Events translate themselves into punishment swiftly and suddenly. A shut gate means you are historically connected with a great wrong. Israel adopts the affectionate style of entreaty and says &#8220;thy brother Israel.&#8221; But wrongs are not thus to be obliterated; complimentary speeches do not restore inheritances that have been turned away; eulogiums cannot repossess men of the blessings forfeited by the fraud of others. Live the larger life, the nobler life. Ye are not yourselves: you represent others, and you prepare for others to represent you; and he only handles life wisely who takes hold of both its ends and who remembers the law of cause and effect, seedtime and harvest, action and influence.<\/p>\n<p> Here is the wrong-doer brought to his knees. That always happens. The wicked man has a short day. The deceiver must face his own deceits. Nothing prospers long in the bad man&#8217;s hands. The money which he gets wrongfully he cannot spend to his own satisfaction: it is gone whilst he counts it; it vanishes as he admires it; there is no stay in the gold, no abiding in the substance; it is money put into bags with holes in them. If a bad man could succeed, in the large, deep vital sense of the term, he would by so much dethrone God. He cannot, therefore, succeed; with Heaven against him, with eternity against him, with God against him, when he apparently succeeds, it is but the flash of a little flame that dies in the effort which it makes.<\/p>\n<p> Notice what is termed the solidarity of human life. The human family is one. If one member suffer, all the members suffer with it. The wrongs that were done ten generations ago are being re-asserted as to their moral claim to-day. The controversies of the world are not controversies which began this morning fights that surprise the combatants; their beginnings lie far back in the gone centuries, and in proportion to the distances from which they come may be the judgment which they will demand.<\/p>\n<p> We live, then, in a scheme of Providence. Life is not atheistic. Our sufferings have an explanation; our weakness is not an accident, but the outcome of a series of processes often lying beyond the line of imagination. The lesson is that we should accept life solemnly, pass through all its processes circumspectly, do nothing at our own bidding or for the gratification of our own will or fancy, but should always say, My God, thy will be done. Let no man undertake to be God for himself; let him occupy his definite position as servant, errand-bearer, worker in the vineyard, and let his spirit express itself substantially thus: Lord, at thy bidding I would go, at thy bidding I would stay; give me understanding of my time; give me the noble Christly heart, and inspire me by thy Holy Spirit that I may be enabled so to succeed as to ripen into a harvest of satisfaction and gladness in the coming days. No man can live in that spirit without being in heaven as to all the substance and quality of heaven&#8217;s meaning. That is what is meant by praying without ceasing namely, living in the prayerful spirit, always being in touch with God, ever having God&#8217;s throne in view, God&#8217;s law at heart, God&#8217;s will the inspiration and direction of life.<\/p>\n<p> Viewed from this altitude, what is sorrow? what is loss? what is disappointment? All these things may be sanctified: orphanage may come to have a special sanctity; loneliness may be surprised into fellowship by visitants bearing no earthly name; and difficulty in living may become the inspiration and enlargement of noble prayer. If we live within the day, if history be nothing but a series of unrelated anecdotes, if seedtime has no reference to harvest, then the joy of life is dead, the inspiration of labour has ceased, hope no longer plays its heavenly part in the movement of life and in all the gladness of being. &#8220;Be not deceived; God is not mocked: for whatsoever a man soweth, that shall he also reap.&#8221; Clever Jacob, designing Jacob, supplanter of the absent brother, stealer of blessings, will one day have to knock at that brother&#8217;s gate and say, If it please thee, my lord, may I be permitted to hasten through thy land? and believe me I will touch nothing. Touch nothing! thou thief of the ages, thou simulator of honesty, nay, thou wilt touch nothing! How the thief can prate of honesty! How the designing supplanter can say he will &#8220;go by the king&#8217;s high way,&#8221; and no vine will he touch, and not a drop of water will he drink! We may have acquired such a reputation that people will not believe us even when we intend to be good for a moment. We may sin away our social standing; we may so act towards men that when we go before them, as it were, on bended knees and say we will touch nothing, hurt nothing, drink no water out of the wells but hasten through, they will laugh at us and say, Mocker! liar! thief! remember the past, and then ask if we can be foolish and trustful enough to believe thee. Take care of your character, take care of your soul&#8217;s honesty; one day it will open gates, which will secure the hospitality of princes; and they who serve the Lord mightily labour for him, and put their whole trust in him, shall go through by the king&#8217;s highway, and be permitted to eat of the vineyards and drink of the wells, and the longer they stay the more welcome will they be. Let me live the life of the righteous, let me die the death of the righteous, let me cast in my lot with the true and the wise and the divine I would live and move and have my being in God.<\/p>\n<p><strong> Prayer<\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/p>\n<p> Almighty God, in wrath thou dost remember mercy. What are thy judgments but calls upon the compassion of thy people? By thy threatening thou dost bring forth men who will pray. Behold, when thy judgments are abroad in the earth, men take censers and fill them, and pray more mightily unto God than before. Such is thy wondrous way. We, who will not pray in calm time when no wind is abroad shaking the forest, fall to and pray most vehemently when the tempest shakes the heavens and the earth seems to tremble. We, who will not wait upon thee at the altar or care for thy sanctuary in any way when all things flow serenely around us, hasten to the Lord&#8217;s temple when the air is tainted with death. Thou wilt lay hold upon us either here or there, in this way or in that: but surely thine hand shall find us, and we must face the living God. Thou hast given us a Gospel which is a savour of life unto life, or of death unto death. We cannot escape it or deny it: behold, we must account with it; it is the Lord&#8217;s voice, it is the testimony divine, and we have to make some answer to its great cry of pity and offer of redemption. Thou dost take away the preacher: but the Gospel remains; thou dost change the congregation: but the sanctuary abides for ever; other hands pile the altar fire: but the altar itself is of thy founding and cannot be removed: it is the Lord&#8217;s appointed meeting-place; there his name is recorded and there his glory shines. Enable us to remember how little we are. We are but the creatures of yesterday and the victims of to-morrow, with a little time of tumult and anxiety between; and instead of attempting to solve the great mysteries of being to set up an answer to the awful problems of the universe, may we learn to pray, to love, to cry in penitential cries over our sin, and to hope in the living God, and thus may we be enabled to leave all mystery and great wonder and miracle of thought to be revealed and solved in the eternal world. Meanwhile, make us industrious in all things practical; give us a heart to feel for human want, a hand willing to help all human weakness; heighten our reverence for things divine; put into our voices the tone of noble solemnity; work in us the spirit of resignation; turn our eyes away from all saviours and redeemers but One; and, fixing our vision upon the central Cross, may we behold the Lamb of God that taketh away the sin of the world, and give ourselves to him, asking him to have mercy upon us and apply to us all the virtue of his priesthood. Prepare us for all events. We never know what shall be on the morrow: we will rest in God and trust in truth, and make a sanctuary of the divine righteousness, and would have God find for us a hole in the side of the rock in which we may stand in perfect security until all calamities be overpast Amen.<\/p>\n<h4 align='right'><i><b>Fuente: The People&#8217;s Bible by Joseph Parker<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n<p><strong> VII<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p> FROM KADESH-BARNEA TO MOAB<\/p>\n<p> Numbers 20-22, <span class='bible'>Num 33:37-49<\/span><\/strong> <strong> ; <span class='bible'>Deu 2:1-3:11<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/p>\n<p> Historically Numbers 21-22 of this book will carry you to the end of the book, describing the journey from Kadesh to the Jordan. But it leaves out the great incident about Balaam which occupies several chapters. In connection with Numbers 20-22, study the following scriptures: <span class='bible'>Num 33:37-49<\/span> the itinerary chapter commencing at <span class='bible'>Num 33:37-49<\/span> , <span class='bible'>Deu 2:1-3:11<\/span> . In many respects those two chapters give a more intelligent statement than this section in Numbers.<\/p>\n<p> The great incidents of this section are the assembling at Kadesh in the fortieth year, the death of Miriam, the sin of Moses that excluded him from the Promised Land, the fight waged on them by Arad the Canaanite, the death of Aaron at Mount Hor, the sin of the people where they were punished by fiery serpents and saved by the brazen serpent, the digging of a well at another station by the princes of Israel using their sticks, and a most beautiful spring bubbling up, a song on that water as it bubbled up recorded in the old book of the Wars of Jehovah which is referred to, and the war with Sihon and Og.<\/p>\n<p> It is the fortieth year and the first month of that year that they are reassembled by divine command at Kadesh-barnea. Before I proceed with this discussion, I want us to take a backward glance at that thirty-eight years of silence. I told you that in that thirty-eight years they did not keep up the ordinance of circumcision. In the book of Joshua, as soon as they passed the river Jordan, the covenant was renewed and Joshua circumcised all of those who had not been circumcised in the wilderness. From <span class='bible'>Amo 5<\/span> and <span class='bible'>Act 7<\/span> , we learn that all that thirty-eight years they had made no sacrifices. We learn that in that time they worshiped idols. They were under the curse of God, and he did not count the time; there was total suspension of the covenant. But during that time the Levites stayed around the ark of the covenant and kept up worship. The places mentioned in <span class='bible'>Num 33<\/span> constitute a record of the stopping places of the ark as they moved it.<\/p>\n<p> The command goes out that since the penalty is nearly paid and we will find Just where it stops they must reassemble at the place where they broke the covenant. Miriam, who had lived through that period of thirty-eight years dies just when she gets back to the place where she had committed her sin. She is buried and that is the end of Miriam. Those people come back there sore, although it is a new generation, and the first thing they did was to commit another sin. The water at Kadesh-barnea was not sufficient for three millions of people, and striking it at a dry time, they began to make their old complaints. Moses takes the case to God and God commands him to gather them together in a great congregation, and in their sight, with staff in hand, the staff with which he had wrought all the miracles of the past years, to speak to the rock and the water would flow out and God would begin again to supply the people. Moses was very mad. He had been a meek and patient man. He had had charge of that people and had their burden on his shoulders for thirty-nine years. The description of the sin that he committed is expressed in the following scriptures: <span class='bible'>Num 20:10-11<\/span> ; <span class='bible'>Num 27:14<\/span> ; <span class='bible'>Deu 1:37<\/span> ; <span class='bible'>Deu 3:26-27<\/span> ; <span class='bible'>Psa 106:33<\/span> .<\/p>\n<p> One of the questions on Numbers will be for you to analyze the sin of Moses, and as I am not going to give you that analysis, it is very important that you remember those passages of Scripture. Now, God told Moses to speak to the rock, but, instead of speaking, Moses struck the rock. The other time God had commanded him to strike the rock, which refers, first, to the fact that Christ must be smitten to supply the needs of his people. But the next time he must not be smitten. You must speak, and by petition draw the supplies of a Christian. But Moses struck twice. He was very mad and seemed to attribute the power to himself. He did not sanctify God in this matter, but sanctified himself. The psalmist says that the sin of the people brought ill to Moses and caused him to speak unadvisedly with his lips. Just before his death, recorded in Deuteronomy, Moses says, &#8220;For your sake I was led into this sin which kept me from entering the Holy Land which you are to enter.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p> The next question in order of time is to turn to <span class='bible'>Num 21<\/span> and read three verses which tell us about the Canaanite king, Arad. This king thought that they were going to repeat their old experiment of trying to enter the Promised Land on the south, and he came out and fought them at the very place where they had been defeated before, but this time he got an awful thrashing. He was outlawed and that ban of outlawry was fulfilled in the days of Joshua.<\/p>\n<p> While at Kadesh, Moses sent messengers to two nations. He wanted to get around on the Jordan River side without having to make a long circuit. There were only two ways, one through the Amorite country and the other by going through the Edom country. Moses sent a very respectful communication to the king of Edom, calling him Brother Edom, or Esau, and saying, &#8220;Your brother Jacob desires to pass through your country to get to his own land, and we will promise you to stick to the highways and not scatter about, and we will take nothing without paying your own price for it.&#8221; We learn from Deuteronomy that Moses sent a similar message to Moab, the descendants of Lot, as he would have to go through the Mount Seir country first and Moab next. And he said to the Moabites, &#8220;The descendants of Abraham would say to the descendants of Lot, Let your cousins pass through your country.&#8221; But as far as Edom was concerned, they assembled an army to block the way.<\/p>\n<p> What follows next? Kadesh-barnea is Just south of Hebron. The children of Israel are at Kadesh and they want to get around on the Jordan side through Edom and Moab, their kinsfolk. If Moab and Edom refuse, they have to make a long circuit around. Moab and Edom did refuse and God would not permit them to force their way through by war, because they are kinspeople. So they have to move south through the Arabah, that great valley through which the Jordan doubtless used to flow. When they stopped at Mount Hor in the edge of the country, Aaron dies. The account is very piteous. In the main, he has been a remarkably good man. He has committed some sins. He joined Moses in the sin which excluded him from the Promised Land. God commands Moses to take Aaron up on that bare mountain and to take his sons with him. They strip off the priestly robes and put them on Eleazar, who is to become high priest. And there Aaron dies. I have often thought about that lonely grave. There is a tradition about that mountain now. Almost any guide will volunteer to take you to Aaron&#8217;s grave when you go there now.<\/p>\n<p> Then they left Mount Hor and made a day&#8217;s march or two to a place called Zaimona, going right down that dry Arabah. The people complained again, and God&#8217;s punishment was to send fiery serpents among them. Once a little boy asked me to tell him a story about snakes. And I said, &#8220;Once upon a time there was a great camp of three million people in their tents in a dry valley, and they sinned against God, and in the night from every direction over the desert came snakes, great snakes with red splotches on them and much more deadly than rattlesnakes. And in the night whoever moved was bitten by the snakes. The children were crying out all night that they had been bitten by snakes, and the people died and kept dying, and the snakes kept biting, until finally God told the leader of that camp that if he would put brass into a furnace and mold a big snake and put it on a pole, that everybody who looked at it would be healed, and as the sun shone on that brazen serpent, it made it so very conspicuous that it could be seen all over that camp. A mother would hear about that brazen serpent and would say to her dying boy, all twisted with agony and pain, &#8216;O son, I will turn you over so you can see. Now just look yonder at that brazen serpent,&#8217; and he would shut his eyes and say, &lsquo;I will not look,&#8217; and then die. They would come to where a man was bitten, and find him cursing and swearing. They would all gather around him and his wife would say to him, &#8216;O husband, here are your brothers and sisters and your friends and one of your children. They have all been bitten and they looked and lived. Will you not look and live too?&#8217; But he shuts his eyes and dies. &#8216;But it came to pass whosoever looked was healed.&#8217; &#8221; And the little fellow was so well pleased with the story that he asked where I had read it and I told him in the Bible, the very last place he expected to find a good story.<\/p>\n<p> Now, there was a converted Jew, Joseph Frey, who became a great expounder of the Old Testament types of Christ. He took this text in John, &#8220;As Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, even so must the Son of man be lifted up, that whosoever believeth in him should not perish but have eternal life.&#8221; Preachers should all get Joseph <strong><em> Frey&#8217;s Old Testament Types.<\/em><\/strong> Fairbairn has a book on &#8220;Typology&#8221; but not so good a book as Frey&#8217;s.<\/p>\n<p> I am going to call your attention to a thought that you will find nowhere else in the world. You remember that scapegoat on the great day of atonement that was to be given to Azazel and to pass under the power of the evil spirit. So Jesus on the cross passed under the power of the evil spirit. Now, that type is here. This serpent represents Jesus lifted up on the cross and though the serpent bit him, he crushed the serpent&#8217;s head.<\/p>\n<p> When they get to Amah, <span class='bible'>Num 21:13<\/span> , here you find the reference to that old book. &#8220;The Wars of Jehovah.&#8221; &#8220;From thence they Journeyed to Beer.&#8221; That is a very dry place. When God told Moses to supply the people with water, the princes digged in the ground with their staves and a fresh spring bubbled out. They come up now even with the mouth of the Jordan. Moses stands on the top of Mount Nebo and looks over the Promised Land.<\/p>\n<p> Moses sent a messenger to the Amorites and they despised the messenger and prepared for war. But they are conquered and their country taken. Then they come to Bashan. Deuteronomy tells us how big Og, the king of the country, was. Counting a cubit as a foot and a half, his iron bedstead was thirteen and a half feet long, and I could easily lie down upon it full-length crosswise.<\/p>\n<p> That finishes this section. What is left of the book is to pick up some incidents that occurred, particularly the incident of Balaam.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><strong> QUESTIONS<\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/p>\n<p> 1. The period of wandering How long, their relation to the covenant, their worship, the Levites, God&#8217;s mercies to them during this period and why?<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p> 2. When did they assemble back at Kadesh-barnea?<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p> 3. What noted person dies here?<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p> 4. What sin was committed here by the new generation and God&#8217;s provision for their need?<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p> 5. Collate the scriptures on the sin of Moses and give the character of his sin.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p> 6. Give account of the attack on Israel by the Canaanites; their doom<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p> 7. What effort did Moses make to go a direct route to the Jordan?<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p> 8. Trace their journey from Kadesh-barnea to Mount Hor. What noted person dies here, and who takes his place?<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p> 9. What is Israel&#8217;s next sin? The punishment? What New Testament reference to the Brazen Serpent? In what particular is the Brazen Serpent a type of Christ?<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p> 10. What books commended on Old Testament types?<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p> 11. What lost book is here quoted from?<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p> 12. Recite the incident of the Well and the Song.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p> 13. Give an account of the fall of Sihon and another song.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p> 14. Give an account of the fall of Bashan.<\/p>\n<h4 align='right'><i><b>Fuente: B.H. Carroll&#8217;s An Interpretation of the English Bible<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n<p> Num 20:1 Then came the children of Israel, [even] the whole congregation, into the desert of Zin in the first month: and the people abode in Kadesh; and Miriam died there, and was buried there.<\/p>\n<p> Ver. 1. <strong> In the first month.<\/strong> ] To wit, of their fortieth year, after they came out of Egypt. For from this chapter to the end of Deuteronomy, are described the passages of the last year only, of their journeying in the wilderness; little being recorded of the thirty-eight years, since the spies&rsquo; report. <\/p>\n<p><strong> <\/p>\n<p> And Miriam died there.<\/strong> ] A good woman, and of great use to the people in their travels. Mic 6:4 But once she raised a great storm against her brother&rsquo;s wife, Num 12:1 about precedency probably: as did likewise in this kingdom Anne Starthope, Duchess of Somerset, against Katherine Parr, Queen Dowager, wife to her husband&rsquo;s brother, the Lord Admiral, in the days of King Edward VI. This Anne died A.D. 1587, being ninety-nine years of age. <em> a<\/em> Miriam could be no less likely than 130, taking her to be same that was set to watch what would become of Moses, when he was laid out in an ark of bulrushes. Exo 2:4 <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><em> a<\/em> <em> Life of Edw. VI,<\/em> p. 81. Camd., <em> Elis., <\/em> fol. 356.<\/p>\n<h4 align='right'><i><b>Fuente: John Trapp&#8217;s Complete Commentary (Old and New Testaments)<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n<p> Numbers<\/p>\n<p><strong> THE WATERS OF MERIBAH<\/p>\n<p> Num 20:1 &#8211; Num 20:13 <\/strong> .<\/p>\n<p> Kadesh had witnessed the final trial and failure of the generation that came out of Egypt; now we see the first trial and failure of the new generation, thirty-seven years after, on the same spot. Deep silence shrouds the history of these dreary years; but, probably, the congregation was broken up, and small parties roamed over the country, without purpose or hope, while Moses and a few of the leaders kept by the tabernacle. There is a certain emphasis in the phrase of the first verse of this chapter, &lsquo;the children of Israel, even the <em> whole<\/em> congregation,&rsquo; which suggests that this was the first reassembling of the scattered units since the last act of the &lsquo;whole congregation.&rsquo; &lsquo;The first month&rsquo; was, then, the first of the fortieth year, and the gathering was either in obedience to the summons of Moses, who knew that the fixed time had now come, or was the result of common knowledge of the fact. In any case, we have here the first act of a new epoch, and the question to be tried is whether the new men are any better than the old. It is this which gives importance to the event, and explains the bitterness of Moses at finding the old spirit living in the children. It was his trial as well as theirs. He resumed the functions which had substantially been in abeyance for a generation, and by his conduct showed that he had become unfit for the new form which the leadership must take with the invasion of Canaan.<\/p>\n<p><strong> I. <\/strong> We note the old murmurings on the lips of the new generation. The lament of a later prophet fits these hereditary grumblers,-&rsquo;In vain have I smitten your children; they received no correction.&rsquo; The place where they reassembled might have taught them the sin of unbelief; their parents&rsquo; graves should have enforced the lesson. But the long years of wandering, and two millions of deaths, had been useless. The weather-beaten but sturdy strength of the four old men, the only survivors, might have preached the wisdom of trust in the God in whose &lsquo;favour is life.&rsquo; But the people &lsquo;had learned nothing and forgotten nothing.&rsquo; The old cuckoo-cry, which had become so monotonous from their fathers, is repeated, with differences, not in their favour. They do not, indeed, murmur directly against God, because they regard Moses and Aaron as responsible. &lsquo;Why,&rsquo; say they, &lsquo;have <em> ye<\/em> brought up the congregation of the Lord?&rsquo; They seem to use that name with a touch of pride in their relation to God, while destitute of any real obedience, and so they show the first traces of the later spirit of the nation. They have acquired cattle while living in the oases of the wilderness, and they are anxious about them. They acknowledge the continuity of national life in their question, &lsquo;Wherefore have ye made us to come up out of Egypt?&rsquo; though most of them had been born in the wilderness. The fear that moved their fathers to unbelief was more reasonable and less contemptible than this murmuring, which ignores God all but utterly, and is ready to throw up everything at the first taste of privation.<\/p>\n<p>It is a signal instance of the solemn law by which the fathers&rsquo; sins are inherited by the children who prove themselves heirs to their ancestors by repeating their deeds. It is fashionable now to deny original sin, and equally fashionable to affirm &lsquo;heredity,&rsquo; which is the same thing, put into scientific language. There is such a thing as national character persistent through generations, each unit of which adds something to the force of the tendencies which he receives and transmits, but which never are so omnipotent as to destroy individual guilt, however they may lighten it.<\/p>\n<p>Note, too, the awful power of resistance to God&rsquo;s educating possessed by our wills. The whole purpose of these men&rsquo;s lives, thus far, had been to fit them for being God&rsquo;s instruments, and for the reception of His blessing. The desert was His school for body and mind, where muscles and wills were to be braced, and solitude and expectation might be nurses of lofty thoughts, and in the silence God&rsquo;s voice might sound. What better preparation of a hardy race of God-trusting heroes could there have been, and what came of it all? Failure all but complete! The instrument tempered with so much care has its edge turned at the first stroke. The old sore breaks out at the old spot. Man&rsquo;s will has an awful power to thwart God&rsquo;s training; and of all the sad mysteries of this sad mysterious world, this is the saddest and most mysterious, and is the root of all other sadness and mystery,-that a man can set his pin-point of a will against that great Will which gives him all his power, and when God beckons can say, &lsquo;I will not,&rsquo; and can render His most sedulous discipline ineffectual.<\/p>\n<p>Note, too, that trivial things are large enough to hide plain duties and bright possibilities. These men knew that they had come to Kadesh for the final assault, which was to recompense all their hardships. Their desert training should have made them less resourceless and desperate when water failed; but the hopes of conquest and the duty of trust cannot hold their own against present material inconvenience. They even seem to make bitter mockery of the promises, when they complain that Kadesh is &lsquo;no place of seed, or of figs, or of vines, or of pomegranates,&rsquo; which were the fruits brought by the spies,-as if they had said, &lsquo;So this stretch of waterless sand is the fertile land you talked of, is it? This is all that we have got by reassembling here.&rsquo; Do we not often feel that the drought of Kadesh is more real than the grapes of Eshcol? Are we not sometimes tempted to bitter comparisons of the fair promises with the gloomy realities? Does our courage never flag, nor our faith falter, nor swirling clouds of doubt hide the inheritance from our weary and tear-filled eyes? He that is without sin may cast the first stone at these men; but whoever knows his own weak heart will confess that, if he had been among that thirsty crowd, he would, most likely, have made one of the murmurers.<\/p>\n<p><strong> II.  <\/strong> Note God&rsquo;s repetition of His old gift to the new generation. Moses makes no attempt to argue with the people, but casts himself in entreaty before the door of the Tabernacle, as if crushed and helpless in face of this heart-breaking proof of the persistent obstinacy of the old faults. God&rsquo;s answer recalls the former miracle at Rephidim Exo 17:1 &#8211; &#8211; Exo 17:7 in the early days of the march, when the same cries had come from lips now silent, and the rock, smitten at God&rsquo;s command by the rod which had parted the sea, yielded water. The only differences are that here Moses is bid to speak, not to smite; and that the miracle is to be done before all the congregation, instead of before the elders only. Both variations seem to have the common purpose of enhancing the wonder, and confirming the authority of Moses, to a generation to whom the old deliverances were only hearsay, and many of whom were in contact with the leader for the first time. The fact that we have here the beginning of a new epoch, and a new set of people, goes far to explain the resemblance of the two incidents, without the need of supposing, with many critics, that they are but different versions of one &lsquo;legend.&rsquo; The repetition of scarcity of water is not wonderful; the recurrence of the murmurings is the sad proof of the unchanged temper of the people, and the repetition of the miracle is the merciful witness of the patience of God. His charity &lsquo;is not easily provoked, is not soon angry,&rsquo; but stoops to renew gifts which had been so little appreciated that the remembrance of them failed to cure distrust. Unbelief is obstinate, but His loving purpose is more persistent still. Rephidim should have made the murmuring at Kadesh impossible; but, if it does not, then He will renew the mercy, though it had been once wasted, and will so shape the second gift that it shall recall the first, if haply both may effect what one had failed to do. When need is repeated, the supply is forthcoming, even when it is demanded by sullen and forgetful distrust. We can wear out men&rsquo;s patience, but God&rsquo;s is inexhaustible. The same long-suffering Hand that poured water from the rock for two generations of distrustful murmurers still lavishes its misused gifts on us, to win us to late repentance, &lsquo;and upbraideth not&rsquo; for our slowness to learn the lessons of His mercies.<\/p>\n<p><strong> III.  <\/strong> Note the breaking down at last of the long-tried leader&rsquo;s patience. It is in striking contrast with the patience of God. Psa 106:32 &#8211; Psa 106:33 , describes the sin of Moses as twofold; namely, anger and speaking &lsquo;unadvisedly.&rsquo; His harsh words, so unlike his pleadings on the former occasion of rebellion at Kadesh, have a worse thing than an outburst of temper in them. &lsquo;Must <em> we<\/em> fetch you water out of the rock?&rsquo; arrogates to himself the power of working miracles. He forgets that he was as much an instrument, and as little a force, as his own rod. His angry scolding betrays wounded personal importance, and annoyance at rebellion against his own authority, rather than grief at the people&rsquo;s distrust of God, and also a distinct clouding over of his own consciousness of dependence for all his power on God, and an impure mingling of thoughts of self. The same turbid blending of anger and self-regard impelled his arm to the passionately repeated strokes, which, in his heat, he substituted for the quiet words that he was bidden to speak. The Palestinian Tar gum says very significantly, that at the first stroke the rock dropped blood, thereby indicating the tragic sinfulness of the angry blow. How unworthy a representative of the long-suffering God was this angry man! &lsquo;The servant of the Lord must not strive,&rsquo; nor give the water with which he is entrusted, with contempt or anger in his heart. That gift requires meek compassion in its stewards.<\/p>\n<p>But the failure of Moses&rsquo; patience was only too natural. The whole incident has to be studied as the first of a new era, in which both leader and led were on their trial. During the thirty-seven years of waiting, Moses had had but little exercise of that part of his functions, and little experience of the people&rsquo;s temper. He must have looked forward anxiously to the result of the desert hardening; he must have felt more remote from and above the children than he did to their parents, his contemporaries who had come with him from Egypt, and so his disappointment must have been proportionately keen, when the first difficulty that rose revealed the old spirit in undiminished force. For forty years he had been patient, and ready to swallow mortifications and ignore rebellion against himself, and to offer himself for his people; but now, when men whom he had seen in their swaddling-clothes showed the same stiff-necked distrust as had killed their fathers, the breaking-point of his patience was reached. That burst of anger is a grave symptom of lessened love for the sinful murmurers; and lessened love always means lessened power to guide and help. The people are not changed, but Moses is. He has no longer the invincible patience, the utter self-oblivion, the readiness for self-sacrifice, which had borne him up of old, and so he fails. We may learn from his failure that the prime requisite for doing God&rsquo;s work is love, which cannot be moved to anger nor stirred to self-assertion, but meets and conquers murmuring and rebellion by patient holding forth of God&rsquo;s gift, and is, in some faint degree, an echo of His endless long-suffering. He who would serve men must, sleeping or waking, carry them in his heart, and pity their sin. They who would represent God to men, and win men for God, must be &lsquo;imitators of God . . .and walk in love.&rsquo; If the bearer of the water of life offers it with &lsquo;Hear, ye rebels,&rsquo; it will flow untasted.<\/p>\n<p><strong> IV.  <\/strong> Note the sentence on the leader, and the sad memorial name. Moses is blamed for not believing nor sanctifying God. His self-assertion in his unadvised speech came from unbelief, or forgetfulness of his dependence. He who claims power to himself, denies it to God. Moses put himself between God and the people, not to show but to hide God; and, instead of exalting God&rsquo;s holiness before them by declaring Him to be the giver, he intercepted the thanks and diverted them to himself. But was his momentary failure not far too severely punished? To answer that question, we must recur to the thought of the importance of this event as beginning a new chapter, and as a test for both Moses and Israel. His failure was a comparatively small matter in itself; and if the sentence is regarded merely as the punishment of a sin, it appears sternly disproportionate to the offence. Were eighty years of faithful service not sufficient to procure the condonation of one moment&rsquo;s impatience? Is not that harsh treatment? But a tiny blade above-ground may indicate the presence of a poisonous root, needing drastic measures for its extirpation; and the sentence was not only punishment for sin, but kind, though punitive, relief from an office for which Moses had no longer, in full measure, his old qualifications. The subsequent history does not show any withdrawal of God&rsquo;s favour from him, and certainly it would be no very sore sorrow to be freed from the heavy load, carried so long. There is disapprobation, no doubt, in the sentence; but it treats the conduct of Moses rather as a symptom of lessened fitness for his heavy responsibility than as sin; and there is as much kindness as condemnation in saying to the wearied veteran, who has stood at his post so long and has taken up arms once more, &lsquo;You have done enough. You are not what you were. Other hands must hold the leader&rsquo;s staff. Enter into rest.&rsquo;<\/p>\n<p>Note that Moses was condemned for doing what Jesus always did, asserting his power to work miracles. What was unbelief and a sinful obtrusion of himself in God&rsquo;s place when the great lawgiver did it, was right and endorsed by God when the Carpenter of Nazareth did it. Why the difference? A greater than Moses is here, when He says to us, &lsquo;What will ye that I should do unto you?&rsquo;<\/p>\n<p>The name of Meribah-Kadesh is given to suggest the parallel and difference with the other miraculous flow of water. The two incidents are thus brought into connection, and yet individualised. &lsquo;Meribah,&rsquo; which means &lsquo;strife,&rsquo; brands the murmuring as sinful antagonism to God: &lsquo;Kadesh,&rsquo; which means &lsquo;holy,&rsquo; brings both the miracle and the sentence under the common category of acts by which God manifested His holiness to the new generation; and so the double name is a reminder of sin that they may be humble, and of mingled mercy and judgment that they may &lsquo;trust and obey.&rsquo;<\/p>\n<h4 align='right'><i><b>Fuente: Expositions Of Holy Scripture by Alexander MacLaren<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n<p>Then came. This was in the first month of the fortieth year alter Exodus. Compare Num 20:28 with Num 33:38 and Deu 2:1-7. A gap of 37 years between the spies (Numbers chapter 13 and Numbers chapter 14) and Numbers chapter 20. This blank should be carefully noted. See note on Num 14:34, and App-50. <\/p>\n<p>children = sons. <\/p>\n<p>and. Note the Figure of speech Polysyndeton throughout this chapter. The old nation dead. History of new nation begins here, and each event singled out and emphasized. <\/p>\n<p>Kadesh. The second time in eventful Kadesh. No history since the first time all a blank, except a list of journeyings in Num 33. <\/p>\n<p>Miriam: died early in fortieth year; Aaron in the fifth month. Compare verses: Num 20:23-29 with verses: Num 20:33, Num 20:38. <\/p>\n<h4 align='right'><i><b>Fuente: Companion Bible Notes, Appendices and Graphics<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n<p>Chapter 20<\/p>\n<p>Chapter twenty records the verse, the death of Miriam, the sister of Moses. And she died there in Kadesh the desert of sin and was buried.<\/p>\n<p>And there was no water for the congregation: and they gathered themselves against Moses and against Aaron. And the people began to chide with Moses, and they spake, saying, Would that God that we died with our brothers before the LORD! ( Num 20:2-3 )<\/p>\n<p>Would to God that you know that these guys with these incense were there that you know, the fire would hit us and we would&#8217;ve been killed then because now we&#8217;re dying of thirst. It&#8217;s a horrible way to die, it&#8217;s a horrible way to die, it&#8217;s a horrible way to die of thirst, you know. They were giving him a bad time again.<\/p>\n<p>And so Moses and Aaron went before the LORD and they fell upon their faces: and the glory of the LORD appeared to them. And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, Take the rod, and gather the assembly together, thou, and Aaron your brother, and speak unto the rock before their eyes; and it shall give forth his water, and thou shalt bring forth to them water out of the rock: and thou shalt give the congregation and their beasts drink. So Moses took the rod from before the LORD, as he commanded. And then Moses and Aaron gathered the congregation together before the rock, and he said unto them, Hear now, ye rebels; must we fetch you water out of this rock? And Moses lifted up his hand, and with his rod he smote the rock twice: and the water came out abundantly, and the congregation drank, and the beast also. And the LORD spake unto Moses and Aaron [and he said], Because you believed me not, to sanctify me in the eyes of the children of Israel, therefore you shall not bring this congregation into the land which I have given them. This is water of strife; because the people strove with God ( Num 20:6-13 ).<\/p>\n<p>Now, Moses went out as God&#8217;s representative to the people. God said, &#8220;Go out and speak to the rock&#8221;. Remember the first time around God said take your rod and smite the rock. Now in the New Testament we read that this rock was Jesus. Moses gave them water out of the rock and that rock was Christ. So that the rock is actually the symbol of Jesus Christ who said to the woman at the well, &#8220;He who drinks of the water that I give shall never thirst again. It will be like a well of living water springing up within&#8221; ( Joh 4:14 ). The rock was Christ; the water of life. Call everyone that thirsteth, Come ye to the fountains, drink the water of life freely; Christ the rock.<\/p>\n<p>Now, Christ was smitten in order that the water of life might flow from Him to all of us. The shepherd was smitten but out of the smiting there came forth that water, life giving water, salvation to all of us. But once smitten, He never needed to be smitten again. So Moses is breaking now the whole analogy. In the second time around, smiting the rock twice is breaking the analogy because now once Christ was smitten all that is necessary is just to speak. All I have to do is come.<\/p>\n<p>Jesus said, &#8220;If any man is thirst, let him come unto me and drink&#8221; ( Joh 7:37 ). And all you have to do is ask. Christ needs not to be smitten again. We don&#8217;t have to go through the mass. He needs not to be crucified again. Once smitten was sufficient. The water flowed from the smitten rock and now all that is necessary is to speak, to ask and ye shall receive. And so Moses is breaking this whole analogy because he&#8217;s angry.<\/p>\n<p>Now he went in before the Lord. The Lord said, &#8220;Moses, just go out and speak to the rock. Call the congregation together and in their eyes speak to the rock and water will fall forth that they might feed, that they might drink and give their beast a drink.&#8221; Moses went out and said, &#8220;Ye rebels, must I smite this rock to give you water again?&#8221; and hit the thing. Now, God is gracious. Water came forth abundantly. God said, &#8220;Moses, you failed to sanctify me in the eyes of the people&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>In other words, &#8220;You misrepresented Me before those people. I wasn&#8217;t angry with them, Moses, and the rock did not need to be smitten. You were to speak to the rock. You did not obey and you failed to sanctify Me or to represent Me.&#8221; It was a misrepresentation of God. And God said, &#8220;Because of that misrepresentation, you&#8217;re not going to be able to lead this congregation into the Promised Land.&#8221; The dream of Moses&#8217; life is taken away, that which he was living for, the privilege of being able to lead these people in the land. The failure to properly represent God.<\/p>\n<p>It seems like very stiff punishment indeed but it shows to us how earnest God is that we properly represent him. Jesus said, &#8220;Ye are my witnesses&#8221;( Isa 43:10 ). But what kind of a representation am I giving to the world around me of Jesus Christ? What is there of thinking Christ when they look at me? What kind of concepts are they developing of Jesus Christ as they look at me? How faithfully am I representing him? And so Moses was refused the privilege taking the people into the Promised Land for his failure to sanctify God before the people.<\/p>\n<p>Now Moses sent messengers into the king of Edom saying, &#8220;We&#8217;d like to pass through your land. We&#8217;ll stay on the highways, we won&#8217;t take the food out of your fields but we just need passage through the land.&#8221; And actually we&#8217;re cousins now. Remember the Edomites were descendents of Esau. Moses was a descendant from Jacob; they were twin brothers, so there&#8217;s a close relationship. &#8220;And so we went down and you&#8217;ve heard of all the horrible things we endured in Egypt but now God has been with us and we&#8217;re coming back and we&#8217;re going back to our land. We&#8217;d like passage through your land.&#8221; And the king of Edom refused them passage through the land. He said, &#8220;No, you can&#8217;t do it.&#8221; And he came down with his armies to forbid them passage through the land. And so the children of Israel then took a circuitous route going around and circumscribing the land of Edom.<\/p>\n<p>And in the latter portion of the twentieth chapter we have recorded the death of Aaron. The Lord said to Moses,<\/p>\n<p>Take Aaron up into the mountain and take Eleazar his son, in the sight of all of Israel. And take the robes of the high priest off of Aaron, and put them on Eleazar: for Aaron is going to die here. So Moses and Aaron and Eleazar, Aaron&#8217;s son; went up into the mountain in the sight of Israel. And Moses took off the robes of the high priest from Aaron, put them on Eleazar; and Aaron died and was buried there ( Num 20:25-29 ).<\/p>\n<p>And the children of Israel continued then their journey.<\/p>\n<p>So we get the continued journey of the children of Israel. And one of the most fascinating characters in the Old Testament, this guy Balaam as we continue our excursion through the book of Numbers. So, next week we&#8217;ll continue on in this interesting portion of the history of the children of Israel. And we&#8217;ll break it up. We&#8217;ll go about eight chapters next week and eight chapters the following week.<\/p>\n<p>Shall we stand? Again, remember in first Corinthians the tenth chapter declares, &#8220;And these things all happened as example for us that we should learn not to lust after evil things.&#8221; This whole history of the children of Israel has been preserved by God as an example for you not to murmur against God, not to lust after evil things, not to stop or hesitate when God says to go forward, not to turn back through unbelief when God has promised to give to you a life of fullness and richness. All of it is exemplary history. May we learn the lessons of history to our own benefit.<\/p>\n<p>May the Lord be with you and watch you during the week. May his hand be upon you to guide you, to bless you and to keep you in the love of Jesus Christ. &#8220;<\/p>\n<h4 align='right'><i><b>Fuente: Through the Bible Commentary<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n<p>We now reach the record of events at the close of the forty years. The people were again at Kadesh. Here Miriam died and was buried. A study of the district will show that perhaps the severest part of their wandering was reached. They were again without water and murmured against Moses and Aaron. It is remarkable that there was no divine punishment, but God graciously supplied their need. The conspicuous failure at this point was Moses&#8217; failure. In the moment of God&#8217;s gracious action he was ungracious in his attitude toward the people.<\/p>\n<p>Because of this breakdown he was eventually excluded from the land.<\/p>\n<p>It was at this point in their history that Aaron died. The account of the transference of his robes of office to his son is that of a solemn and impressive ceremony. The people were reminded that the office of the priesthood was greater than the man. Aaron passed; the priesthood remained. So it continued until at last in the fullness of time there came the Priest who retains the office in the power of an unending life. The death of Aaron was in itself a reminder of the present imperfection of the relationship of the people to God. Nevertheless, the transference of office by divine appointment spoke in no uncertain tones of the abiding tenderness of God and of His provision for the people&#8217;s access to Him. <\/p>\n<h4 align='right'><i><b>Fuente: An Exposition on the Whole Bible<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n<p>the Sin of Moses and Aaron<\/p>\n<p>Num 20:1-13<\/p>\n<p>Again the people, as the long years of their Wilderness life drew to an end, gathered around the Tabernacle at Kadesh. Again the murmuring spirit broke out, as it had done forty years before. To the end we shall be liable to the outbreak of the old sins; and can never relax our vigilance or sheathe the sword.<\/p>\n<p>Moses was to speak to the rock, not smite it. See Exo 17:6. The Rock of Ages was smitten only once. It is appointed unto men once to die, and Christ was once offered to bear the sins of many. It is now only needful for the soul to speak to Him, though in the lowest and most faltering accents, to elicit streams of help and salvation.<\/p>\n<p>It was lack of faith that led Moses to smite the rock twice. Speaking seemed too slight an effort for the production of such a marvel! He forgot that neither rod nor speech effected the result, but the power of God that wrought through and with him. See 1Co 3:4. She only touched the hem of His garment! Mat 9:20.<\/p>\n<h4 align='right'><i><b>Fuente: F.B. Meyer&#8217;s Through the Bible Commentary<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n<p>Num 20:10-11<\/p>\n<p>(with Psa 106:32-33)<\/p>\n<p>This is a memorable incident in the Jews&#8217; history, and it is rich in warning to us at this day. Moses had failed in his duty towards God, and that in three particulars. (1) He had failed in strict obedience. God had bidden him speak to the rock, and he had smitten it, smitten it twice. (2) He had shown temper, used hard language. &#8220;Hear now, ye rebels.&#8221; (3) He had taken to himself the credit of supplying the Israelites with water. &#8220;Must we fetch water for you out of the rock?&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>I. The first lesson to be learned from Moses at Meribah is the danger of departing, in the least jot or tittle, from any law of God.<\/p>\n<p>II. The second is the immense importance attached to temperate speech, the necessity of keeping a check on temper and not letting ourselves be moved to hot and angry words. The want of self-control was very heavily visited upon Moses and upon &#8220;Aaron, the saint of the Lord.&#8221; Because of it they were shut out of Canaan.<\/p>\n<p>III. The scene at the rock of Meribah is further useful as carrying our thoughts upwards to Him who is the source of all our hopes, the nourishment of our soul, the very life of our religion, the Lord Jesus Christ. The rock in the desert was but a type and a shadow; the reality it typified is represented in Jesus Christ. All other waters after a while must fail; the water that Christ can give &#8220;shall be in us as a well of water, springing up unto everlasting life.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p> R. D. B. Rawnsley, Village Sermons, 3rd series, p. 100.<\/p>\n<p>References: Num 20:11.-J. Vaughan, Sermons, 11th series, p. 166; Clergyman&#8217;s Magazine, vol. xvi., p. 157; T. R. Stevenson, Christian World Pulpit, vol. xiv., p. 170.<\/p>\n<p>Num 20:23-29<\/p>\n<p>I. We may learn a salutary lesson from the death of Aaron in its merely literal bearing. Aaron, the high-priest, had to ascend Mount Hor clad in his priestly robes of office; but he must be stripped of them there, because he must die there. He could not carry his dignity or the emblems of it into the next world. He must lay them down at the grave&#8217;s brink. There is nothing which the world gives that men can carry with them when death lays hold of them. Even all which outwardly pertains to spiritual dignity, and which brings men into relation with things that are imperishable and eternal, must be left behind, and the individual man, as God&#8217;s accountable creature, must appear before his Maker in judgment. There is one thing imperishable and one dignity which even death cannot tarnish. The imperishable thing is the life which the Spirit of God imparts to the soul, and which connects the soul with God. The deathless dignity is that of being children of God.<\/p>\n<p>II. Aaron must be stripped of his robes, and his son clad with them in his stead. This reminds us that while the priests under the law were not suffered to continue by reason of death, yet the office of the priesthood did not lapse. Aaron&#8217;s robes were not buried with him. His successor was provided. Yet the very thought that he needed a successor, that the office must be transmitted from one to another, leads us to think of the contrast which the Apostle draws between the priests under the law and Him who abideth always. Jesus Christ is the same yesterday, to-day, and for ever.<\/p>\n<p> A. D. Davidson, Lectures and Sermons, p. 599.<\/p>\n<p>References: Num 20:14-21.-Parker, vol. iii., p. 258. Num 20:17.-W. Page Roberts, Reasonable Service, p. 148. Num 20:22-29.-G. Gilfillan, Alpha and Omega, vol. ii., p. 132.<\/p>\n<p>Num 20:27-28<\/p>\n<p>I. The first and most superficial aspect of death is that it is the close of an earthly career. There could be no question as to the prominence of Aaron&#8217;s career. (1) In the great work of leading the children of Israel out of Egypt to the confines of the Promised Land Aaron is only second to Moses. (2) Aaron was the first high-priest of the chosen people. His consecration was of itself calculated to awe the minds of Israel, and it was followed by high sanctions of his office, which must have done so still more.<\/p>\n<p>II. Aaron was morally a weak man. He had no such grasp of principle as would enable him to hold out against strong pressure. His weakness became conspicuous on the critical occasion of Moses going up to Sinai to receive the sacred law. Aaron was left below in virtual command, in a position of responsibility for which, as the event proved, he was not fitted. The Greeks had a proverb that leadership will show what a man really is, and so it was with Aaron. His weakness is implied in the allusion in the Epistle to the Hebrews: &#8220;for that he himself also was compassed with infirmity.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>III. Nothing is more noticeable in the account of Aaron&#8217;s death than his deliberate preparation for it. He did not let death come on him; he went to meet it. There was a twofold motive in the act of Moses in stripping Aaron of his garments. (1) It showed that the office of the high-priesthood did not depend on the life of any single man, and (2) it reminded Aaron personally of the solemn truth of the utter solitariness of the soul in death.<\/p>\n<p>IV. The phrase of Moses, &#8220;Aaron was gathered to his people,&#8221; seems to point to a world in which the bygone generations of men still live, a world of the existence of which God&#8217;s ancient people were well assured, though they knew much less of it than we.<\/p>\n<p> H. P. Liddon, The Family Churchman, April 27th, 1887.<\/p>\n<p>References: Num 20:28.-C. J. Vaughan, Sunday Magazine, 1873, p. 169. Num 20:29.-Parker, vol. iii., p. 267. Num 20, Num 21-J. Monro Gibson, The Mosaic Era, p. 285. Num 21:4.-J. H. Evans, Thursday Penny Pulpit, vol. ix., p. 187; Parker, vol. iii., p. 276. Num 21:4, Num 21:5.-F. Strutt, Thursday Penny Pulpit, vol. xvi., p. 161. Num 21:4, Num 21:9.-Homiletic Magazine, vol. xiv., p. 156; Spurgeon, Sermons, vol. xxix., No. 1722. Num 21:5.-Bishop Woodford, Sermons on Subjects from the Old Testament, p. 14. Num 21:5-9.-Parker, vol. iii., p. 287. Num 21:8.-Spurgeon, Sermons, vol. v., No. 285.<\/p>\n<h4 align='right'><i><b>Fuente: The Sermon Bible<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n<p>10. At Kadesh in the Fortieth Year: Murmuring and Conquest<\/p>\n<p>CHAPTER 20<\/p>\n<p>1. The death of Miriam (Num 20:1)<\/p>\n<p>2. The murmuring of the people (Num 20:2-5)<\/p>\n<p>3. The divine instruction (Num 20:6-8)<\/p>\n<p>4. Moses and Aarons failure (Num 20:9-13)<\/p>\n<p>5. Edoms refusal (Num 20:14-22)<\/p>\n<p>6. The death of Aaron (Num 20:23-29)<\/p>\n<p>Between the nineteenth and twentieth chapter lies the unrecorded period of almost 38 years, the wandering of the children of Israel in the wilderness. In chapter 33 we find their different camps mentioned. In verse 38 of that chapter we read, And Aaron the priest went up into the mount Hor at the commandment of the Lord, and died there, in the fortieth year after the children of Israel were come out of the land of Egypt, in the first day of the fifth month. The death of Aaron is recorded in the twentieth chapter. It was therefore about 37 years and six months when the spies had been sent out and their arrival in the desert of Zin. The critics have made this unrecorded period the occasion of attack upon the Mosaic authorship of this book. They suppose that the last historian who wrote on the Pentateuch left out a great deal of the history of the forty years wanderings. There was nothing to record but the scenes of death and sorrow; the entire theocratic covenant was suspended, and therefore theocratic history has no occurrence to record. It is even so now during the present age, during which Israel is set aside and wanders among the nations of the world.<\/p>\n<p>During all these years of wandering in the wilderness circumcision was not carried out (Jos 5:2-5). What else happened during this unrecorded period in the wilderness may be learned from a number of passages. But the house of Israel rebelled against Me in the wilderness; they walked not in My statutes, and they despised My judgments, which if a man do, he shall live in them; and My sabbaths they greatly polluted. Then I said, I would pour out My fury upon them in the wilderness to consume them (Eze 20:13, etc.), Have ye not offered unto Me sacrifices and offerings in the wilderness forty years, O house of Israel? But ye have borne the tabernacle of your Moloch and Chiun your images, the star of your god, which ye made to yourselves (Amo 5:25-26). Then God turned, and gave them up to worship the host of heaven, as it is written in the book of the prophets, O ye house of Israel, have ye offered to me slain beasts and sacrifices by the space of forty years in the wilderness? Yea, ye took up the tabernacle of Moloch, and the star of your god Remphan (worship of Saturn) figures which you made to worship them (Act 7:42-43). They continued in stubbornness and rebellion and became idolators. But oh! the mercy of God! He continued to feed them and gave them water. These forty years the Lord thy God hath been with thee, thou hast lacked nothing (Deu 2:7). And I have led you forty years in the wilderness; your clothes are not waxen old upon you, and thy shoe is not waxen old upon thy foot (Deu 19:5). What marvellous compassion! And thus He still deals in mercy with His wayward wandering people. (Psalm 90, standing at the beginning of the fourth section of the book of Psalms (Numbers) was written by Moses, no doubt, when he saw them dying.)<\/p>\n<p>This chapter, which brings us to the last year of their journey, begins with death and ends with death. In the middle we find the record of the failure of Moses and Aaron.<\/p>\n<p>Miriam is the first to die, and her brother Aaron followed her four months later. Hundreds of thousands had passed away; their carcasses fell in the wilderness. And the new generation which has come up also murmured like their fathers and brethren. Such is the heart of man! Would God that we had died when our brethren died before the Lord! The Lord commanded Moses to take the rod and speak to the rock, and He promised that the rock should give water. No word of displeasure came from the lips of the gracious Lord, who had compassion with His people. Moses took the rod from before the Lord as He had commanded him. But he also took the rod in his hand with which he had smitten the rock, according to the Lords command in Exo 17:5-6. But the words Moses spoke were far from being gracious. Hear now ye rebels; must we fetch you water out of this rock? God had not called His people rebels. And Moses words are far from meek. He makes it appear as if he could supply the water. They angered Him also at the waters of strife, so that it went ill with Moses for their sakes. Because they provoked his spirit so that he spake unadvisedly with his lips (Psa 106:32-33). And greater still was his failure when he took his rod and not the blossoming rod of Aaron and smote the rock twice. The first smiting of the rock in Exodus 17 with Moses rod, the rod of judgment is the type of the death of Christ. This should not be repeated; one smiting was enough just as the death of Christ once for all has opened the floodgates of divine grace. Aarons rod, the type of Christ in resurrection, was sufficient, and but the word spoken would bring forth the water. But the anger of Moses marred this scene. He completely lost sight of the gracious Lord and misrepresented Him by his action. Moses failed, departed from the rich grace of God, fell back on judgment, and judgment accordingly dealt with him. It was a grievous sin, and on account of it he was not fit to lead Israel into the land. And Aaron, equally weak in faith, shared Moses fate. Edom then bars the way for the hosts of Israel and would not let them pass through their land. And Aaron dies on Mount Hor, after Moses had, in obedience to the Lord, removed his priestly garments and put them upon Eleazar.<\/p>\n<h4 align='right'><i><b>Fuente: Gaebelein&#8217;s Annotated Bible (Commentary)<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n<p>first month <\/p>\n<p>i.e. April. <\/p>\n<h4 align='right'><i><b>Fuente: Scofield Reference Bible Notes<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n<p>An, Ex, Is, 40 <\/p>\n<p>Then: This was the first month of the fortieth year after the departure from Egypt. &#8211; Compare Num 33:38, with Num 20:28, of this chapter and Deu 1:3. This year was the last of their journeyings, for from the going out of the spies &#8211; Num 13:1 unto this time, was about thirty-eight years. Deu 1:22, Deu 1:23, Deu 2:14 <\/p>\n<p>into: Num 13:21, Num 27:14, Num 33:36, Deu 32:51 <\/p>\n<p>Kadesh: This Kadesh in the wilderness of Zin, is different from Kadesh-barnea, lying in, or adjoining to the wilderness of Paran, about eight leagues south of Hebron. &#8211; See note on Num 34:3, Num 34:4. Jos 15:1, Jos 15:3. Kadesh is called Rekam, by the Targumists, Rekem, in the Syriac, and Rakim, in Arabic. Rekem, says Rabbi Nissin &#8211; in Gittin, chapter 1is on the east, meaning of the land of Israel. Num 20:16, Psa 29:8 <\/p>\n<p>Miriam: Num 12:1, Num 12:10, Num 12:15, Num 26:59, Exo 2:4, Exo 2:7, Exo 15:20, Mic 6:4 <\/p>\n<p>Reciprocal: Gen 14:7 &#8211; Kadesh Num 10:31 &#8211; forasmuch Num 13:26 &#8211; Kadesh Num 20:22 &#8211; Kadesh Deu 1:46 &#8211; General Jdg 11:16 &#8211; came Jdg 11:17 &#8211; abode Eze 48:28 &#8211; strife in Kadesh Act 7:36 &#8211; and in the wilderness<\/p>\n<h4 align='right'><i><b>Fuente: The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n<p>We resume the story of the wanderings of the people as we open chapter 20. It would appear that what is given us in Num 15:1-41; Num 16:1-50; Num 17:1-13; Num 18:1-32; Num 19:1-22 inclusive is not concerned with questions of time. This is clear if we refer to the detailed list of the camping places, given to us in Num 33:1-56. The last verse of Num 12:1-16 recorded their departure from Hazeroth, a place mentioned in Num 33:17. The first verse of our chapter places them at Kadesh in the desert of Zin, and in Num 33:1-56 we have to pass on to verse 36 to find them there. Evidently therefore they were now not far from the end of their forty years in the wilderness.<\/p>\n<p>Remarkably enough it was at Hazeroth that Miriam spoke against Moses and was smitten with leprosy. Now at Kadesh she died and was buried. We know but little about her. No other sister of Aaron and Moses is mentioned, so we are probably right in identifying her with the elder sister who acted so wisely, as recorded in Exo 2:1-25. She is called a &#8220;prophetess&#8221; in Exo 15:20, and she led the women of Israel in their triumphant song. But the point where natural feeling prevailed and she failed is no more hid from us than are the failings of her brothers.<\/p>\n<p>At Kadesh Miriam disappeared and so did the singing, for there was no water. Unbelief once more prevailed and there was chiding instead. They blamed Moses for having brought them to an &#8220;evil place.&#8221; Of course they had not got the pleasing fruits of the promised land for they had refused to go up into it and were suffering God&#8217;s disciplinary action in the wilderness. Again, and for the fourth time, the leaders fell on their faces, thus putting themselves out of sight as far as possible, and the glory of the Lord appeared; not now for judgment, as was the case in Num 16:1-50, but for mercy.<\/p>\n<p>The instruction to Moses was that in conjunction with Aaron he should take &#8220;the rod.&#8221; This was evidently the rod of Aaron that had budded, for Moses took it &#8220;from before the Lord,&#8221; where it had been laid up according to Num 17:1-13. With this rod in his hand, typical of priestly grace, Moses was to speak to the rock in the presence of the people, and it would give forth the water to meet their need. We have to go back to Exo 17:1-16, where we have the account of the original smiting of the rock to bring forth the water. Once having been smitten, speaking to the rock sufficed.<\/p>\n<p>If we turn to 1Co 10:4, we find the Apostle mentioning &#8220;that spiritual Rock that followed them;&#8221; that is, the rock of Israel&#8217;s history is conceived of as one, though many years passed between the two episodes, and Christ was typified thereby. No need for Christ to be smitten twice. Once sufficed, and rivers of life-giving water flowed to us. Moses with the rod of priestly grace in his hand represented God, and so on God&#8217;s behalf he had but to speak, and again waters would be given. When our &#8220;Great High Priest&#8230; passed into the heavens&#8221; (Heb 4:14), He was, so to speak, laid up before the Lord, and when the word was given, what copious waters flowed from Him in the gift of the Spirit, as recorded in Act 2:1-47. Had Moses contented himself with speaking to the rock, as instructed, the type would have been correctly given.<\/p>\n<p>But what happened? Irritated beyond his endurance by the perversity of the people, instead of speaking to the rock Moses lifted up his hand and &#8220;smote the rock twice.&#8221; He did this with &#8220;his rod,&#8221; which we understand to mean that rod of authority with which he opened the waters of the Red Sea in Exo 14:1-31, and rightly smote the rock in Exo 17:1-16. This most highly honoured servant of God failed rightly to represent the grace that was typified by the rod that budded.<\/p>\n<p>And it was not only a matter of what he did but also of what he said. True enough, the people were sadly rebellious in heart. He was not inaccurate in addressing them as &#8220;ye rebels,&#8221; but in saying, &#8220;must we fetch you water out of this rock,&#8221; he presented himself and Aaron as the doers of the miracle, instead of leading the thoughts of the people up to God Himself. Hence, though God did not fail but gave an abundant response, His disciplinary action fell on both Moses and Aaron. Neither of them would be permitted to lead the people into the land.<\/p>\n<p>What a blow this must have been to both, and particularly to Moses, who had given up so much, and gone through so much, with this end in view. Are we tempted to think it very drastic discipline? Let us remember two things. First, Moses had been specially commissioned to speak on God&#8217;s behalf. What God had to say to the people came through his lips, since he came from God to them. Aaron as priest was commissioned to go from the people to God, and was not God&#8217;s spokesman, so angry words from his lips would not have been so grave a matter. The failure of Moses was precisely at that point which was most important of all, as giving the word from God.<\/p>\n<p>And second, we are now in a position to observe that the discipline had in it an element of mercy. If Moses had been spared to lead the host into the land, what further heart-breaks would have been his! When, after some fifteen centuries, he stood on the mount of transfiguration with Christ and spoke with Him of His decease, he was for that moment in the land under far happier circumstances.<\/p>\n<p>We may also note the typical import of this episode. Moses was the Apostle and Mediator of the law-system, and as such did not lead the people in. The good land of God&#8217;s purpose, whether for Israel or for us, cannot be entered and enjoyed on the basis of law and law-keeping.<\/p>\n<p>Verse Num 20:13 speaks of the place where all this happened as &#8221; the water of Meribah,&#8221; which was the name given to the spot where the rock was rightly smitten, as recorded in Exo 17:7. Thus from the outset the two events were linked together.<\/p>\n<p>In verses Num 20:14-21, we find a move forward towards the land is contemplated, and the district inhabited by the descendants of Esau, on the east side of the Dead Sea, lay right across their path. We have had no mention of Esau since Gen 36:1-43. That chapter informed us that &#8220;Esau is Edom,&#8221; and also that &#8220;kings reigned in the land of Edom, before there reigned any king over the children of Israel.&#8221; The children of Esau had &#8220;dukes&#8221; in plenty, giving us an early example of what we find so often in Scripture and in our own experience, that the man who loves the world and ignores God, goes ahead in the world beyond the man who fears God.<\/p>\n<p>Moses&#8217; request for right of way through the land of Edom was expressed in very discreet and conciliatory language, yet it was refused at the point of the sword. Though fully four centuries had passed we see the character of Esau reproduced in his descendants. And if we glance for a moment at the short prophecy of Obadiah, written nearly a thousand years later, we find that people marked by the same proud antagonism to their &#8220;brother Jacob,&#8221; and God&#8217;s unsparing judgment against them. Moses however accepted the rebuff, for the moment of Edom&#8217;s judgment had not yet come.<\/p>\n<p>The time had now arrived for Aaron to disappear. As was the case with Moses a little later his death was notified in advance. He had no period of debility nor bed of sickness, for he could go to the top of a mountain in the sight of the people. There, stripped of his garments, which were placed upon his son, he died. The Aaronic priesthood, being for earth, was transmissible, &#8220;because they were not suffered to continue by reason of death&#8221; (Heb 7:23). This was the first time that the priesthood had to be transmitted, hence it was done in a very public way by God&#8217;s appointment, so that no one could challenge Eleazar&#8217;s new position. The type however is insignificant when compared with the Antitype. The priesthood of the Lord Jesus is heavenly, and it is, as the next verse in Hebrews tells us, an &#8220;unchangeable,&#8221; or &#8220;intransmissible&#8221; one. Being the Son, He is &#8220;consecrated for evermore.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Num 21:1-35. At this point the long conflict that was involved in the conquest of the land of Canaan, began. Moses had avoided fighting with Edom, since the judgment of that people was deferred to a later day. King Arad in the south of Canaan took the initiative, and attacked Israel with some small success at first, but ultimately brought entire destruction upon himself and his people. So here for the first time we meet with the complete destruction of cities and peoples, that marked Israel&#8217;s entrance into the promised land, which is not infrequently denounced by unbelievers as being an atrocity that should never have taken place.<\/p>\n<p>In so saying, however, men are really challenging God, for He authorized Israel&#8217;s action, and empowered them to carry it out. God has the right to judge men and take their lives, when they carry their sin to insufferable heights. He did it by the flood of waters, when the antediluvians had filled the earth with violence and corruption. When the sin of Sodom and Gomorrah had become very grievous, He did it by an eruption of some kind. In the days of Abraham the iniquity of the Amorites was not yet full, but now it was full, and God elected to destroy them, not by flood or fire, but by the armies of Israel, who were to act as His &#8220;battle axe and weapons of war&#8221; (Jer 51:20). He will act thus again on two occasions: first, as the millennial age is ushered in, as is predicted in 2Th 1:7-9; and again at the close of the millennial age, as predicted in Rev 20:9. Who shall say Him, nay?<\/p>\n<p>We now reach an incident in the wilderness journey that stands out in striking fashion, inasmuch as it furnishes the third great type of the death of Christ The people grew weary of the way and tired of the manna. They had just seen God&#8217;s power in the destruction of King Arad, yet it was forgotten. The trials of the wilderness filled their thoughts and they had lost their taste for the food from heaven, which was typical of Christ. Their flesh was still crying out for the delicacies of Egypt, typical of the world. They reached a point when the manna was positively distasteful to them.<\/p>\n<p>So in the governmental ways of God they reached a spot infested by serpents whose bite injected a poison that acted like fire in their veins and ended in death. Can we not see at once a type of that &#8220;sin in the flesh,&#8221; of which Rom 8:3 speaks? In the Garden of Eden Satan not only lured man into an act of disobedience but he also injected into his moral constitution the poison of sin, which accounts for the fact that &#8220;the carnal mind,&#8221; that is, the mind of the flesh, &#8220;is enmity against God.&#8221; This having taken place spiritual death has supervened, and mankind lies by nature dead in trespasses and sins. Our state, poisoned by sin, lies at the root of the many offences from which we need to be justified. What has God done to meet that poisoned state?<\/p>\n<p>The answer to that question lies before us in type. How Moses made a serpent of brass, erected it on a pole, so that any afflicted person might look and live, is very well known. We are concerned with its typical import. Our Lord&#8217;s own words, recorded in Joh 3:14 make it abundantly clear that in it His own death is indicated. The particular aspect of His death typified is that found in Rom 8:3. The brazen serpent was made in the likeness of that which was the source of the trouble; so, God sent His own Son in the likeness of sinful flesh but also as a sacrifice for sin, being Himself sinless.<\/p>\n<p>The death of Christ, from this aspect, was the condemnation of sin in the flesh. Sin is the potent energy of lawlessness, and flesh &#8211; man&#8217;s flesh &#8211; is the vehicle in which it works. The lawless nature of Israel&#8217;s flesh had been demonstrated in the wilderness journey, and then came the episode of the brazen serpent The hopeless lawlessness of the flesh in the whole of mankind had been proved, and came to its climax, in the cross of Christ; and just there God&#8217;s condemnation of sin &#8211; the root principle &#8211; fell once and for all.<\/p>\n<p>But the wonder is that death has in the cross of Christ, become the way of life. The uplifted brazen serpent became the way of life to many; but only to those who obeyed the glad proclamation and turned their eyes upon it. The whole arrangement was of such a nature as to appear foolish to a reasoning mind and only appeal to faith. We cannot help thinking that the men of intellect in Israel would have been tempted to reason that the scheme was absurd; that there could be no connection between a glance at a piece of brass and release from the effects of poison; and therefore to ignore the proclamation. The child in its mother&#8217;s arms, if told to look, would not have reasoned but would have looked and been cured<\/p>\n<p>In keeping with this are the Lord&#8217;s words, &#8220;Thou hast hid these things from the wise and prudent, and hast revealed them unto babes&#8221; (Mat 11:25). Faith, not reason, is the way of blessing.<\/p>\n<p>From this point the people &#8220;set forward,&#8221; as verse Num 20:10 tells us; and there can be no doubt that it is when a Christian apprehends the death of Christ, in that aspect of it typified by the brazen serpent, that a forward movement of a spiritual sort begins. But before they really started for the promised land, there came the episode of the well to which they were conducted by the mercy of God, without their asking for it. Now here we have a type of the gift of the Holy Spirit, as we see by the Lord&#8217;s words recorded in Joh 4:14 and Joh 7:37-39.<\/p>\n<p>It is very striking how the two types &#8211; the brazen serpent and the springing well &#8211; are brought together in this one chapter, just as the realities typified are found together in the opening verses of Rom 8:1-39. Only there the order is reversed. Verse Num 20:2 speaks of the Holy Spirit as &#8220;the Spirit of life in Christ Jesus,&#8221; and verse Num 20:3 of the condemnation of &#8220;sin in the flesh;&#8221; that is, of the old life &#8220;in Adam.&#8221; There is no more important lesson for a believer to learn than that his old life as a child of Adam has been condemned in the cross of Christ, and that the Holy Spirit indwelling him is the power of that new life which is his in Christ, and upon which no condemnation can ever rest.<\/p>\n<p>If we are to know the power of the Spirit in a practical way there must be the removal of what would quench or grieve Him. Like the princes in verse Num 20:18, who laboured to remove the earth that would have hindered the free flowing of the water, we too must act. How often with us the things of earth are obstructive! Israel sang when the waters freely flowed, and when nothing obstructs the &#8220;springing up into everlasting life&#8221; of the well of water that Christ gives, and the outward flow from the believer of the &#8220;rivers of living water,&#8221; there is indeed a song in the heart. The upspringing and the song go together.<\/p>\n<p>During the wilderness journey the people sang three times. First, the song of salvation on the further banks of the Red Sea. Third, that of our chapter, which typifies the song of deliverance from the enslaving power of sin in the flesh. But between these two came the sad episode of the golden calf, when the people sang around it in nakedness, and in this we see the depths to which the professed people of God may sink.<\/p>\n<p>As at the beginning of our chapter, so at the end, we hear the din of conflict. Sihon had smitten Moab but now he falls before Israel, and so too Og the king of Bashan, in spite of the fact that he was a giant, as we learn in Deu 3:11. The events that typify victory over the flesh within are followed by the record of victory over the foes without. And this is indeed the way in which things work in our spiritual experience.<\/p>\n<p>But these victories were followed by what we may call a counterattack of the enemy. Though Moab had been smitten by Sihon it still existed as a kingdom and Balak its king was sore afraid. So he sought for Balaam, who had a great reputation as a man who wielded &#8220;enchantments&#8221; This we see if we turn to Num 24:1. If we glance at verses Num 20:8; Num 20:18 of Num 22:1-41, we discover that this man managed to cover his enchantments, which were of course of the devil, with the appearance of reverencing Jehovah as his God. Balak hoped to bring a curse on the people of God by enlisting the help of this professed prophet of God, who was really a servant of Satan. An attack of that kind is marked by exceeding subtilty.<\/p>\n<p>Num 22:1-41 is occupied with the preliminaries to the attack. As we are told in 2Pe 2:15, Balaam &#8220;loved the wages of unrighteousness,&#8221; and longed to possess himself of the honours and wealth that was offered to him. On the other hand God intervened and forbade the mission declaring the people to be definitely blessed. Balak persisting a second time, Balaam again referred the matter to God, and this time was given permission to go with the understanding he could only utter what God gave to him. Going, God&#8217;s anger was kindled against him.<\/p>\n<p>We may be tempted to wonder at this, but we must remember that God does not change His purpose. If, knowing this, we persist like Balaam, God may change His dealings with us, as He did with Balaam, and permit us to go so that in His discipline we may reap the bitter result of our own way. Even so, as with Balaam, He will give us ample warning of what lies before us.<\/p>\n<p>The incident related as to Balaam&#8217;s ass has excited much unbelieving protest and even ridicule, yet it is vouched for by Peter in that passage to which we have referred. If Satan could speak through a serpent words of deceit, God can, if He chooses, speak words of warning through an ass. The eyes of Balaam&#8217;s heart were blinded by his avarice and his traffic with demons, and now we see that the eyes of his head were as blind as the eyes of his heart. The eyes of his head were opened so that at last he saw the angel as clearly as his donkey had done. But the veil over the eyes of his heart remained.<\/p>\n<p>The angel that confronted him held a drawn sword in his hand. The significance of this, especially as it blocked his way, would, we should think, hardly be missed. Yet evidently Balaam was blinded as to its significance, and he went forward to his doom, as it ultimately proved. He never returned to his native land. The wealth and honour, if he ever got them, he never lived to enjoy. He fell by the sword, not of the angel, who at the beginning barred his way to Moab, but of the very people that he attempted to curse in defiance of the purpose of God, as recorded in Num 31:8.<\/p>\n<p>Let us accept the warning that his history is intended to give us. It illustrates a part of the course followed by apostates in the Christian profession, for they go in the way of Cain; and run greedily after the error of Balaam for reward, and perish in the gainsaying of Korah, as we are told in the Epistle of Jude. <\/p>\n<h4 align='right'><i><b>Fuente: F. B. Hole&#8217;s Old and New Testaments Commentary<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n<p>Num 20:1. Then  To wit, after many stations and long journeys here omitted, but particularly described, chap. 33., and occupying the space of thirty-eight years, during which time the Lord was executing judgment upon the rebels, whose carcasses were sentenced to fall in the wilderness. The desert of Zin  A place near the land of Edom, distinct and distant from that Sin, mentioned Exo 16:1. The first month  Of the fortieth year, as is evident, because the next station to this was in mount Hor, where Aaron died, which was in the fifth month of the fortieth year, Num 33:38. If it should appear strange to us that Moses should pass in silence the transactions of these eight and thirty years that the Israelites wandered in the wilderness, and give us only the history of the two first years of their peregrinations, we must remember, as Le Clerc justly observes, that he writes, not so much in the character of an historian as in that of a legislator, whose intention it was to deliver down to posterity all those laws which he had received from God; and that system of laws being completed in the two first years after their leaving Egypt, and no new law being delivered during these eight and thirty years, it did not fall in with his design to insert the history of those years in the Pentateuch. Miriam died  Four months before Aaron, and but a few more before Moses.<\/p>\n<h4 align='right'><i><b>Fuente: Joseph Bensons Commentary on the Old and New Testaments<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n<p>Num 20:1. The desert of Zin. Critics are not agreed whether this was the same wilderness, and the same Kadesh to which the people arrived on the eighth journey after leaving Egypt. The arguments on each side are strong. But the wilderness and the town being both of the same name, seem to be a weighty circumstance in favour of its being the identical spot they had left thirty eight years before; and it is said that they journeyed from mount Hor by the way of the Red sea. Num 21:4. Exo 17:1.<\/p>\n<p>Num 20:12. Because ye believed me not. This strong charge which the Lord brought against Moses and Aaron, justifies the sentence passed upon them. But in the world, the carnal world, where can we find a Csar, and other generals, who had purity and honour enough so faithfully to confess their errors in public life. They have left us histories of their wars, but cover their errors in silence.<\/p>\n<p>Num 20:14. Moses sent messengers to the king of Edom, Moses is here a perfect model to christian kings, in doing his utmost to avoid war. Josephus reports, that he had been a general in the Egyptian expedition to Ethiopia, and consequently he knew the bitterness of the sword. War is the worst of evils, and should be the last of national resources.<\/p>\n<p>REFLECTIONS.<\/p>\n<p>On entering the fortieth year of the wanderings in the wilderness, Miriam gave up the ghost. And if, according to Josephus, she was seventeen years of age at the birth of Moses, she had lived a hundred and thirty six years. Both her brothers followed in the same year. How gracious was providence, in prolonging the lives of these personages till they had accomplished their work.<\/p>\n<p>The miraculous torrent of Horeb was now dried up. The waters were stayed when Israel had marched beyond the course of its stream. The droughty desert was destitute of water; and the people, little instructed by all the calamities of their pilgrimage, were more disposed to quarrel with Moses than to seek from God a plentiful supply. Stone hearts seem to have become so stubborn as to be incapable of reform by judgments, and of instruction by wisdom: and above all calamities, let us fear that awful state. Their hardness was so great as to wish they had died thirty eight years ago, with the rebels who fell in that place. How great was the indulgence of God to an impatient people. He once more gave them water from the rock. But ah, though God had patience, Moses and Aaron were too weak to sustain the shock: the last moments of a long life and feeble age were embittered by a provoking people. These rulers, finding themselves yet so far down in the desert, it would seem they in some sort gave way to unbelief, concerning an entrance into the promised land; and irritated by the chiding of the people, excess of anger for once tarnished a long life of the most spotless meekness and love. Ye rebels, said Moses, must we fetch you water out of this rock? And he smote the rock twice, probably because the water did not flow at the first stroke: and because he and Aaron did not sufficiently glorify God in this most trying crisis of the murmuring at Meribah, they could not enter the promised land. While on earth we must expect afflictions to the end of life; let us watch and tremble, for whether in youth or in old age, one unadvised and impassioned step may blast or embitter all the hopes of future years.<\/p>\n<p>In the embassy which Moses sent to the king of Edom, to solicit a passage through his dominions, we see much to convey instruction to the heart. We see that christians are to regard life as a pilgrimage, and we only ask of the world a quiet and peaceable passage, offering to labour quietly for our bread, and pay honestly for our food and raiment by the way. In the refusal, and warlike dispositions of the Edomites, we see the temper of the unbelieving world, who are ever ready to oppose the gospel, and to fight against the Lords people. Well, if the world will not receive our testimony, nor suffer us to live peaceably, let us if possible turn away like Israel, who would not fight with his brother. We had better go a little out of the direct road, than be embroiled with quarrelling and strife. Let Edom triumph for the time; he shall surely be visited in his day.<\/p>\n<p>This chapter began with the death of Miriam, and it closes with the death of Aaron. So the most ancient families fall in succession as the leaves, until the fathers have all given place to the rising age. But how many consolations had this venerable priest and prince in his death. Having run a long course with his brother and sister, they were scarcely divided in their death. All his sins were pardoned, and all his errors repaired. He saw Eleazar, a faithful son, invested with the priesthood; and he saw Israel about to enter the promised land. His work was done; and cheerfully submitting to his sentence, he ascended mount Hor, and died in the faith. His faults were few, his virtues many; and these were greatly eclipsed by the superior mission and glory of his brother. See Reflections on Deuteronomy 34. <\/p>\n<h4 align='right'><i><b>Fuente: Sutcliffe&#8217;s Commentary on the Old and New Testaments<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n<p>Numbers 20<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Then came the children of Israel, even the whole congregation, into the desert of Zin, in the first month: and the people abode in Kadesh; and Miriam died there, and was buried there.&#8221; Verse 1. <\/p>\n<p>The chapter which now opens before us furnishes a very remarkable record of wilderness life and experience. In it, we see Moses, the servant of God, passing through some of the most trying scenes of his eventful life. First of all, Miriam dies. The one whose voice was heard, amid the brilliant scenes of Exodus 15 chanting a hymn of victory, passes away, and her ashes are deposited in the wilderness of Kadesh. The timbrel is laid aside. The voice of song is hushed in the silence of death. She can no longer lead in the dance. She had sung sweetly, in her day; she had, very blessedly, seized the key note of that magnificent song of praise sung on the resurrection side of the Red Sea. Her charms embodied the great central truth of redemption. &#8220;Sing ye to the Lord. for he hath triumphed gloriously: the horse and his rider hath he thrown into the sea.&#8221; This was, truly, a lofty strain. It was the suited utterance for the joyous occasion.<\/p>\n<p>But now the prophetess passes off the scene, and the voice of melody is exchanged for the voice of murmuring. Wilderness life is becoming irksome. The trials of the desert put nature to the test; they bring out what is in the heart. Forty years&#8217; toil and travail make a great change in people. It is very rare indeed to find a case in which the verdure and freshness of spiritual life are kept up, much less augmented, throughout all the stages of Christian life and warfare. It ought not to be such a rarity. It ought to be the very reverse, inasmuch as it is in the actual details, the stern realities of our path through this world, that we prove what God is. He, blessed be His name, takes occasion from the very trials of the way to make Himself known to us in all the sweetness and tenderness of love that knows no change. His loving kindness and tender mercy never fail. Nothing can exhaust those springs which are in the living God. He will be what He is, spite of all our naughtiness. God will be God, let man prove himself ever so faithless and faulty.<\/p>\n<p>This is our comfort, our joy, and the source of our strength. We have to do with the living God. What a reality! Come what may, He will prove Himself equal to every emergency &#8211; amply sufficient &#8220;for exigence of every hour.&#8221; His patient grace can bear with our manifold infirmities, failures, and shortcomings; and His strength is made perfect in our utter weakness. His faithfulness never fails. His mercy is from everlasting to everlasting. Friends fail or pass away. Links of fond friendship are snapped in this cold, heartless world. Fellow-labourers part company. Miriams and Aarons die; but God remaineth. Here lies the deep secret of all true and solid blessedness. If we have the hand and the heart of the living God with us, we need not fear. If we can say, &#8220;The Lord is my shepherd,&#8221; we can, assuredly add, &#8220;we shall not want.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Still there are the scenes of sorrow and trial in the desert; and we have to go through them. Thus it was with Israel, in the chapter before us. They were called to meet the keen blasts of the wilderness, and they met them with accents of impatience and discontent. &#8220;And there was no water for the congregation: and they gathered themselves together against Moses and against Aaron. And the people chode with Moses, and spake, saying, Would God that we had died when our brethren died before the Lord! And why have ye brought up the congregation of the Lord into this wilderness, that we and our cattle should die there? And wherefore have ye made us to come up out of Egypt, to bring us unto this evil place? It is no place of seed, or of figs, or of vines, or of pomegranates; neither is there any water to drink.&#8221; Verses 2-5.<\/p>\n<p>This was a deeply trying moment to the spirit of Moses. We can form no conception of what it must have been to encounter six hundred thousand murmurers, and to be obliged to listen to their bitter invectives, and to hear himself charged with all the misfortunes which their own unbelief had conjured up before them. All this was no ordinary trial of patience; and, most assuredly, we need not marvel if that dear and honoured servant found the occasion too much for him. &#8220;And Moses and Aaron went from the presence of the assembly unto the door of the tabernacle of the congregation, and they fell upon their faces: and the glory of the Lord appeared unto them.&#8221; Verse 6.<\/p>\n<p>It is deeply touching to find Moses, again and again, on his face before God. It was a sweet relief, to make his escape from a tumultuous host, and betake himself to the only One whose resources were adequate to meet such an occasion. &#8220;They fell upon their faces: and the glory of the Lord appeared unto them.&#8221; They do not appear, on this occasion, to have attempted any reply to the people; &#8220;they went from the presence of the assembly&#8221; and cast themselves upon the living God. They could not possibly have done better. Who But the God of all grace could meet the ten thousand necessities of wilderness life? Well had Moses said, at the very beginning, &#8220;If thy presence go not with us, carry as not up hence.&#8221; Assuredly, he was right and wise in so expressing himself. The divine presence was the only answer to the demand of such a congregation. But that presence was an all-sufficient answer. God&#8217;s treasury is absolutely inexhaustible. He can never fail a trusting heart. Let us remember this. God delights to be used. He never grows weary of ministering to the need of His people. If this were ever kept in the remembrance of the thoughts of our hearts, we should hear less of the accents of impatience and discontent, and more of the sweet language of thankfulness and praise. But, as we have had frequent occasion to remark, desert life tests every one. it proves what is in us; and, thanks be to God, it brings out what is in Him for us.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;And the Lord spake unto Moses, saying, Take the rod, and gather thou the assembly together, thou and Aaron thy brother, and speak ye unto the rock before their eyes; and it shall give forth his water, and thou shalt bring forth to them water out of the rock: so thou shalt give the congregation and their beasts drink. and Moses took the rod from before the Lord as he commanded him. And Moses and Aaron gathered the congregation together before the rock; and he said unto them, Hear now, ye rebels; must we fetch you water out of this rock? And Moses lifted up his hand, and with his rod he smote the rock twice: and the water came out abundantly; and the congregation drank, and their beasts also.&#8221; Verse 7-11.<\/p>\n<p>Two objects, in the foregoing quotation, demand the readers attention, namely, &#8220;The Rock,&#8221; and &#8220;The Rod.&#8221; They both present Christ, most blessedly, to the soul; but in two distinct aspects. In 1 Corinthians 10: 4, we read, &#8220;They drank of that spiritual Rock that followed them: and that Rock was Christ.&#8221; This is Plain and positive. It leaves no room whatever for the exercise of the imagination. &#8220;That Rock was Christ&#8221; &#8211; Christ smitten for us.<\/p>\n<p>Then, as regards &#8220;the rod,&#8221; we must remember that it was not the rod of Moses &#8211; the rod of authority &#8211; the rod of power. This would not suit the occasion before us. It had done its work. It had smitten the rock once, and that was enough. This we learn from Exodus 17, where we read, &#8220;The Lord said onto Moses, go on before the people, and take with thee of the elders of Israel; and thy rod, wherewith thou smotest the river (see Ex. 7: 20), take in thine hand and go. Behold, I will stand before thee there upon the rock in Horeb; and thou shalt smite the rock, and there shall come water out of it, that the people may drink. And Moses did so in the sight of the elders of Israel.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Here we have a type of Christ smitten for us, by the hand of God, in judgement. The reader will note the expression, &#8220;Thy rod wherewith thou smotest the river.&#8221; Why the river? Why should this particular stroke of the rod be referred to? Exodus 7: 20 furnishes the reply. &#8220;And be (Moses) lifted up the rod, and smote the waters that were in the river, in the sight of Pharaoh, and in the sight of his servants; and all the waters that were in the river were turned to blood.&#8221; It was the rod which turned the water into blood that was to smite &#8220;that Rock which was Christ&#8221; in order that streams of life and refreshment might flow for us.<\/p>\n<p>Now, this smiting could only take place once. It is never to be repeated. &#8220;Knowing that Christ, being raised from the dead, dieth no more; death hath no more dominion over him. For in that he died, he died unto sin once: but in that he liveth, he liveth unto God.&#8221; (Rom. 6: 9, 10) &#8220;But now once in the end of the world hath he appeared to put away sin by the sacrifice of himself&#8230;..so Christ was once offered to bear the sins of many.&#8221; (Heb. 9: 26, 27) &#8220;For Christ also hath once suffered for sins, the just for the unjust, that he might bring us to God.&#8221; 1 Peter 3: 18.<\/p>\n<p>There can be no repetition of the death of Christ; and hence Moses was wrong in smiting the rock twice with his rod &#8211; wrong in smiting it at all. He was commanded to take &#8220;the rod, Aaron&#8217;s rod &#8211; the priestly rod, and speak to the rock. The atoning work is done, and now our great High Priest has passed into the heavens, there to appear in the presence of God for us, and the streams of spiritual refreshment flow to us, on the ground of accomplished redemption, and in connection with Christ&#8217;s priestly ministry, of which Aaron&#8217;s budding rod is the exquisite figure.<\/p>\n<p>Hence, then, it was a grave mistake for Moses to smite the rock a second time &#8211; a mistake to use his rod in the matter at all. To have smitten with Aaron&#8217;s rod would, as we can easily understand, have spoiled its lovely blossom. A word would have sufficed, in connection with the rod of priesthood &#8211; the rod of grace. Moses failed to see this &#8211; failed to glorify God. He spoke unadvisedly with his lips; and as a consequence he was prohibited going over Jordan. His rod could not take the people over &#8211; for what could mere authority do with a murmuring host &#8211; and he was not suffered to go over himself because he failed to sanctify Jehovah in the eyes of the congregation.<\/p>\n<p>But Jehovah took care of His own glory. He sanctified Himself before the people; and, notwithstanding their rebellious murmurings, and Moses&#8217; sad mistake and failure, the congregation of the Lord received a gushing stream from the smitten rock.<\/p>\n<p>Nor was this all. It was not merely that grace triumphed in furnishing Israel&#8217;s murmuring hosts with drink; but even in reference to Moses himself, it shines out most brilliantly, as we may see in Deuteronomy 34. It was grace that brought Moses to the top of Pisgah and showed him the land of Canaan from thence. It was grace that led Jehovah to provide a grave for His servant and bury him therein. It was better to see the land of Canaan, in company with God, than to enter it in company with Israel. And yet we must not forget that Moses was prevented entering the land because of the unadvised speaking. God, in government, kept Moses out of Canaan. God, in grace, brought Moses up to Pisgah. These two facts, in the history of Moses, illustrate, very forcibly, the distinction between grace and government &#8211; a subject of the deepest interest, and of great practical value. Grace pardons and blesses; but government takes its course. Let us ever remember this. &#8220;Whatsoever a man soweth that shall he also reap.&#8221; This principle runs through all the ways of God in government, and nothing can be more solemn; nevertheless &#8220;grace reigns through righteousness, unto eternal life, by Jesus Christ our Lord.&#8221; All praise to Him who is at once, the fountain and the channel of this grace!<\/p>\n<p>From verses 14-20 of our chapter, we have the correspondence between Moses and the king of Edom. It is instructive and interesting to notice the style of each, and to compare it with the history given in Genesis 32, 33. Esau had a serious grudge against Jacob; and albeit, through the direct interposition of God, he was not suffered to touch a hair of his brother&#8217;s head, still, on the other hand, Israel must not meddle with Esau&#8217;s possessions. Jacob had supplanted Esau; and Israel must not molest Edom. &#8220;Command thou the people, saying, Ye are to pass through the coast of your brethren the children of Esau, which dwell in Seir; and they shall be afraid of you: take ye good heed unto yourselves therefore. Meddle not with them; for I will not give you of their land, no, not so much as a foot breadth, because I have given mount Seir unto Esau for a possession. Ye shall buy meat of them for money, that ye may eat; and ye shall also buy water of them for money, that ye may drink. (Deut. 2: 4-6.) Thus we see that the same God who would not suffer Esau to touch Jacob, in Genesis 33, now will not suffer Israel to touch Edom, in Numbers 20.<\/p>\n<p>The closing paragraph of Numbers 20 is deeply touching. We shall not quote it, but the reader should refer to it, and compare it carefully with the scene in Exodus 4: 1-17. Moses had deemed Aaron&#8217;s companionship indispensable; but he afterwards found him to be a sore thorn in his side, and here he is compelled to strip him of his robes and see him gathered to his fathers. All this is very admonitory, in whatever way we view it, whether as regards Moses or Aaron. We have already referred to this instructive piece of history, and therefore we shall not dwell upon it here; but may the good Lord engrave its solemn lesson deeply upon the tablets of our hearts!<\/p>\n<h4 align='right'><i><b>Fuente: Mackintosh&#8217;s Notes on the Pentateuch<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n<p>Num 20:1 (JE and P). The Death of Miriam at Kadesh.As the narrative is now arranged, this must be assumed to have occurred at the close of the forty years wanderings. Zin, which is identified with Kadesh, was reached, according to P, immediately before the final advance towards Canaan (cf. Num 33:36). But according to JE the arrival at Kadesh took place before the penal wanderings (Num 13:26); the omission of the years here is perhaps due to the compilers effort to conceal the discrepancy.<\/p>\n<h4 align='right'><i><b>Fuente: Peake&#8217;s Commentary on the Bible<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n<p>MOSES DISOBEDIENT BECAUSE PROVOKED<\/p>\n<p>(vs.1-13)<\/p>\n<p>Journeying again, the congregation came to the wilderness of ZIN and stopped at Kadesh, where Miriam died and was buried. The forty years of wandering have come close to their end, and the older generation is dying off, as will be seen of Aaron also in this chapter (v.28).<\/p>\n<p>But the people had still not learned to cease their senseless complaining. How much like them we are, in spite of God&#8217;s grace having so blessed us in the past, rebuking our murmuring! Just as they complained when water was lacking at the first of their journey, so now nearing the end they complain again. How little we learn through experience! The people accused Moses and Aaron of bringing them into the wilderness to die. They forget that they had refused to enter the land of plenty and become bitter because the wilderness does not supply every advantage and comfort. In this they are simply forgetting God (vs.2-5).<\/p>\n<p>But &#8220;Moses and Aaron went from the presence of the assembly to the door of the tabernacle.&#8221; Thus, as servants of the Lord, they did not strive, but sought God&#8217;s answer to the problem. Then His glory immediately appeared. Wonderful relief!<\/p>\n<p>God told Moses to take the rod and gather the congregation together, then to speak to the rock before their eyes and it would give water for the people and for the animals (v.8). Moses therefore took the rod from before the Lord (v.9). This was Aaron&#8217;s rod that budded (ch.17:10), the rod of priesthood. No doubt Moses remembered that he had used a rod before to bring water from a rock (Exo 17:5), but it was not Aaron&#8217;s rod, but the rod of Moses, the rod of authority and judgment with which God told him to strike the rock. In that case, the striking speaks of Christ being judged at Calvary for our sins, with he result that the Spirit of God came abundantly on the disciples on the day of Pentecost (Act 2:1-47).<\/p>\n<p>In Num 20:1-29, however, though God told Moses to take Aaron&#8217;s rod, He told him only to speak to the rock before their eyes. This symbolizes simply praying to the Lord Jesus, who is the Rock and our Great High Priest. For Christ was smitten only once, and when afterwards water is lacking, this teaches us that through our failures we have largely lost the power of the Spirit of God. It is not that we need another outpouring of the Spirit such as at Pentecost, and not that Christ must die again to accomplish this, but rather that we need to realize afresh what the power of the Spirit is, and this is found simply in prayer to the Lord Jesus, our Great High Priest.<\/p>\n<p>However, Moses failed to rightly represent the grace of God in this case. He spoke unadvisedly with his lips, &#8220;Hear me now, you rebels! Must we bring water for you out of this rock?&#8221; (v.10). Though he was the meekest man on earth, his meekness failed him in this case. But more seriously still, instead of speaking to the rock, as God had told him, he struck the rock twice with the rod. Thus, he spoiled the type that he ought to have clearly demonstrated. Christ did not need to die twice.<\/p>\n<p>Yet, in spite of his disobedience, God answered by an abundance of water (v.11). This was certainly marvelous grace on God&#8217;s part, grace that was a striking rebuke to the complaints of the people. There was plenty of water for all and for the animals.<\/p>\n<p>But God spoke directly to Moses and Aaron to rebuke them for their unbelief in misrepresenting Him before the eyes of the children of Israel. Their hard words had been too much like Israel&#8217;s complaining words, and contrary to the grace of God &#8212; grace which they ought to have impressed on the congregation. Therefore the Lord told them they would not bring Israel into the promised land (v.12). For it was grace alone that could bring them there. This was the moral reason given to Moses and Aaron for their not being allowed to lead into the land.<\/p>\n<p>This was of course a great shock to Moses, for he had shared with Israel from the very first, witnessing the Passover, the passage of the Red Sea and continuous miracles of God in blessing toward them. He had been faithful in all God&#8217;s house, not at all moved by the disobedience of Israel in refusing to enter the land, nor by the rebellion of Korah, Dathan and Abiram, and his heart longed to see the land God had promised. He even pled with God later to change His mind and allow him to go over (Deu 3:25-26). But God replied positively as to this, telling him not to speak again of this matter.<\/p>\n<p>In fact, besides the question of disobedience, there is another reason that Moses could not lead Israel into the land. Moses was the lawgiver, and law cannot bring God&#8217;s people into God&#8217;s inheritance for them, even with the help of legal priesthood. It was Joshua who led Israel into their land, for his name means &#8220;Jehovah is Savior.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>This was called the water of Meribah (strife) because of Israel&#8217;s contention with the Lord and His being hallowed, set apart from them in His character of grace, so different than their attitude (v.13).<\/p>\n<p>NO SHORT-CUT THROUGH EDOM<\/p>\n<p>(vs.14-21)<\/p>\n<p>If Israel could go through Edom, it would be only 20 miles, and they could then go on the east of the Dead Sea to cross the Jordan near Jericho. So they sent messengers to the king of Edom asking permission to travel through that land. They appealed to the sympathies of Edom on account of their long history of very real trial and God&#8217;s preserving and delivering care over them (vs.14-16). They asked only to be allowed to pass through their country without touching their fields or vineyards, nor even using their water, but going directly by the highway (v.17).<\/p>\n<p>Edom&#8217;s answer was peremptory and decisive. They would not allow their passage, but would protect their own land from them by the sword (v.18). Israel made a second attempt to persuade Edom, but Edom was adamant, backing up their words by a show of force on the part of their army (vs.19-20). But Israel would go no further than to make the request, and &#8220;turned away from him&#8221; (v.21).<\/p>\n<p>How striking a lesson this is for us! Edom is typically the flesh. Its name is the same as Adam, only with the vowels changed; but however the flesh may disguise itself, it does not change, and &#8220;those who are in the flesh cannot please God&#8221; (Rom 8:8). But how are we to deal with this deceitful enemy within us&#8217;? lt is no use fighting it, for we can never win a battle like this, as Rom 7:1-25 shows us. We are rather to consider self as dead (Gal 5:24), therefore to turn away from it as we would from a dead corpse, and instead &#8220;put on the Lord Jesus Christ, and make no provision for the flesh to fulfill its lusts&#8221; (Rom 13:14).<\/p>\n<p>Yet for Israel this meant a long journey of 120 miles rather than 20 miles. Thus, we too may like to take a short-cut by way of fleshly expedience, but for the child of God this will never be profitable. We need to learn by experience that the flesh cannot be trusted, and the flesh is simply &#8220;self.&#8221; It may seem a long process by which we are disciplined and subdued, but it is necessary, for it is the way that God accomplishes His ends with us. The wicked will often go through life with no such testing as a believer (Psa 73:3-9), but their end is dreadful (vs.17-20).<\/p>\n<p>THE DEATH OF AARON<\/p>\n<p>(vs.22-29)<\/p>\n<p>When the children of Israel then came to Mount Hor, the Lord told Moses and Aaron that the time had come for Aaron&#8217;s death (v.24), for God reminds them both that He had passed sentence that neither of them would enter the land of Canaan because of their disobedience to His Word at the waters of Meribah. Aaron and Eleazar were therefore to be taken up to Mount Hor, where Aaron was to be stripped of his high priestly garments. Eleazar was to receive these as a successor to Aaron (vs.25-26).<\/p>\n<p>Aaron had no choice, and when his garments were taken and given to his son, Aaron died there on the top of the mountain (v.28). Though the moral reason for his death then was his disobedience, yet God&#8217;s wisdom is behind this in indicating that Eleazar is a type of Christ as High Priest in resurrection, for it is the One who is raised from the dead who leads us into heavenly places, typified by the land of Canaan. but the death of Aaron occasioned a mourning period of thirty days for him by Israel. Thus, his death had deep effect on Israel: how much more deeply should we be affected by the death of the Lord Jesus, even though we know Him now as raised in glory.<\/p>\n<h4 align='right'><i><b>Fuente: Grant&#8217;s Commentary on the Bible<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n<p>20:1 Then came the children of Israel, [even] the whole congregation, into the desert of Zin in the first {a} month: and the people abode in Kadesh; and {b} Miriam died there, and was buried there.<\/p>\n<p>(a) This was forty years after their departure from Egypt.<\/p>\n<p>(b) Moses and Aaron&#8217;s sister.<\/p>\n<h4 align='right'><i><b>Fuente: Geneva Bible Notes<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight:bold\">The departure from Kadesh ch. 20<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Here begins the fourth and last leg of the Israelites&rsquo; journey from Egypt to the Promised Land.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left:36pt\">1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;From Egypt to Sinai (Exodus 12-19)<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left:36pt\">2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;From Sinai to Kadesh (Numbers 11-12)<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left:36pt\">3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;From Kadesh back to Kadesh-38 years of wilderness wandering (Numbers 15-19)<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left:36pt\">4.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;From Kadesh to Transjordan (Numbers 20-21)<\/p>\n<p>The first two of these journeys each began with triumph but ended in tragedy. The third and fourth each began with tragedy but ended in triumph.<\/p>\n<p>&quot;The focus of the narratives in chs. 13-19 has been the sin of the people and the trouble caused by it. In chs. 20-21 this focus is still present, to be sure (Num 20:2-13; Num 21:4-9), but it is beginning to shift to victories given by Yahweh as the people approach Canaan (Num 21:1-3; Num 21:21-35). It should be remembered that these victories were given to the old generation that was under a death sentence in the wilderness. A new day is coming for the Israelites.&quot;<span style=\"color:#808080\"> [Note: Ashley, p. 375.] <\/span><\/p>\n<h4 align='right'><i><b>Fuente: Expository Notes of Dr. Constable (Old and New Testaments)<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight:bold\">Moses&rsquo; rebellion at Kadesh 20:1-13<\/span><\/p>\n<p>At the end of 37 years the Israelites returned to the wilderness of Zin and Kadesh. Kadesh included a large area of desert located on the edge of the wilderness of Zin. God had previously judged the older generation of Israelites for not believing Him (ch. 14). Now He judged Moses for the same thing. Miriam and Aaron also died in the wilderness for their sins. The leaders fell before the same temptation as the people.<\/p>\n<p>&quot;Failure to enjoy God&rsquo;s promises was the result of unbelief. At this point in the narrative the writer shows that it was not a failure to keep the law that led to their death in the wilderness.&quot;<span style=\"color:#808080\"> [Note: Sailhamer, p. 397.] <\/span><\/p>\n<p>Miriam was a significant person in the Exodus drama. The writer recorded her death as having occurred in the first month. He did not give the year. Perhaps this was the fortieth year because the next dated event, the death of Aaron, occurred on the first day of the fifth month of the fortieth year (cf. Num 20:27-28; Num 33:38).<\/p>\n<p>The root of Moses&rsquo; sin in disobeying God (Num 20:11) was unbelief (Num 20:12). Quite clearly this was not a failure to believe that God could or would provide water for the people. Rather it was a failure to believe that simple obedience to God&rsquo;s command was best (cf. Gen 4:1-7). In this, Moses acted as the older generation of Israelites had done since they left Egypt.<span style=\"color:#808080\"> [Note: See also Martin Emmrich, &quot;The Case against Moses Reopened,&quot; Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society 46:1 (March 2003):53-62, for additional insights.] <\/span><\/p>\n<p>Moses did more than God told him to do. He failed to believe that God&rsquo;s way was best and took matters into his own hands. His motives may have been one or more of the following. He may have had a desire for the greater glory of God. He may have been proud or may have relied on his own ability to work miracles. We know he was impatient with the Israelites&rsquo; complaining and felt frustrated by their slowness to learn a lesson God had previously taught them (cf. Psa 106:32-33). In any case he failed to accept God&rsquo;s will as best, and this is unbelief.<\/p>\n<p>&quot;Faith is the correct response to God&rsquo;s word, whether it is a word of promise or a word of command.&quot;<span style=\"color:#808080\"> [Note: G. Wenham, Numbers, p. 151.] <\/span><\/p>\n<p>Instead of speaking to the rock (Num 20:8) Moses spoke to the Israelites (Num 20:10) &quot;rashly&quot; (Psa 106:33; cf. Lev 5:4). He struck the rock twice with the rod with which he had done many miracles (Num 20:11), as though this miracle required his power rather than simply the power of God. One interpretation is that Moses&rsquo; short speech in Num 20:10 b, not the striking of the rock, was the actual transgression.<span style=\"color:#808080\"> [Note: See M. Margalith (Windreich), &quot;The Transgression of Moses and Aaron-Numbers 20:1-13,&quot; Proceedings of the Fifth World Congress of Jewish Studies, p. 225.] <\/span> The text does not seem to bear this out. Evidently Moses, in his frustration with the people, thought that he was the performer of the miracle rather than only God&rsquo;s instrument. This is a common error in modern ministry, and it still produces great frustration: thinking that we need to be manufacturers rather than simply distributors of blessing to others.<span style=\"color:#808080\"> [Note: For development of this insight, see Warren W. Wiersbe, On Being a Servant of God, pp. 5-8.] <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&quot;The promise was that the moment the word was spoken to the lifeless rock, the miracle would occur before the eyes of all the people and the water would gush from the rock in amounts sufficient to quench the thirst of man and beast. This was God&rsquo;s intention, a change from his attitude in the case of earlier rebellions: here mercy won over judgment. To accept this kindness toward a sinful people demanded even more faith from Moses (especially when we recall Num 16:15, in which we read that he asked God to turn away from the people who so seriously but falsely accused him). God&rsquo;s power and God&rsquo;s mercy-these are the two focal points that were to be brought once more to the attention of the people.&quot;<span style=\"color:#808080\"> [Note: Maarsingh, p. 71.] <\/span><\/p>\n<p>Perhaps there was a measure of sacrilege in striking the rock since rock was a symbol of God (cf. Deu 32:4; Deu 32:15; Deu 32:18; Psa 18:2; Psa 31:3; Psa 42:9; 1Co 10:4; et al.). However I doubt that this was a significant factor (cf. Exo 17:6).<\/p>\n<p>Moses&rsquo; anger complicated his unbelief. He was a faithful servant of God except on this occasion. If another person had committed this sin it might not have been so serious, but it was very serious because the man in Moses&rsquo; office committed it. God therefore shortened the term of Moses&rsquo; service as punishment. Moses would not bring the nation into the Promised Land (cf. 1Sa 13:14; 1Sa 15:26). Leaders of God&rsquo;s people lose their ability to lead when they cease to rely on God and impede the manifestation of God&rsquo;s power and holiness.<\/p>\n<p>Exactly what was Moses&rsquo; sin, which the text calls unbelief?<\/p>\n<p>&quot;Judging from the passage alone, the faithlessness of Moses does not appear to have consisted in his striking the rock or in his harsh words but rather lies just out of reach somewhere in the numerous &rsquo;gaps&rsquo; of the story. We should stress that this is not a result of a deficiency in the story. It rather appears to be part of the story&rsquo;s design. It is just at the point of recounting the nature of their sin that the author abbreviates the narrative and moves on to the divine speech (Num 20:12). Moreover, it is just this divine speech that &rsquo;fills the gap&rsquo; with the word about faith, giving the story a sense far larger than that of its own immediate concerns.&nbsp;.&nbsp;.&nbsp;. The rebellion of Moses and Aaron (.&nbsp;.&nbsp;., Num 20:24), which appears at some point to have been an important feature of the narrative, has been replaced with the focus on their faithlessness (.&nbsp;.&nbsp;., Num 20:12). Such an interpretation has raised the actions of Moses and Aaron in the narrative to a higher level of theological reflection-the issue of faith versus obedience to the law. Their actions epitomize the negative side of the message of faith. Moses and Aaron, who held high positions under the law, did not enjoy God&rsquo;s gift of the land. They died in the wilderness because they did not believe.&quot;<span style=\"color:#808080\"> [Note: John H. Sailhamer, &quot;The Mosaic Law and the Theology of the Pentateuch,&quot; Westminster Theological Journal 53 (Fall 1991):258-60.] <\/span><\/p>\n<p>To summarize, Moses harshly rebuked the people (Num 20:10), took credit for what God had done (Num 20:10), resented the Israelites (Num 20:10), lost his temper (Num 20:11), disobeyed God (Num 20:11), did not trust God&rsquo;s power (Num 20:12), failed to glorify God (Num 20:12), and rebelled against God (Num 20:24).<\/p>\n<p>Aaron was guilty (Num 20:12) because he did not prevent Moses from sinning. Evidently he could have done this, and God punished him because he did not. Both men inappropriately took God&rsquo;s place as the center of attention.<\/p>\n<p>Meribah (Contention) is the name the Israelites gave the water that came out of the rock. It is also the name of the site where this incident took place (Num 20:13). The people had already named another place Meribah (Exo 17:7). The present incident doubtless brought the former to memory.<\/p>\n<p>In spite of Moses&rsquo; disobedience God still provided for the people by giving them water. God blesses people even through His disobedient servants. Nevertheless this in no way justifies a light view of sin. Moses experienced severe discipline for his unfaithfulness to God.<\/p>\n<p>&quot;The lesson is clear: grace is never a ground for complacency or presumption. By our carelessness, by our sinful neglect, we can sin away forever some of the privileges of our calling-not salvation itself, but our opportunities for service, our possibility for usefulness, our contribution to the ongoing purposes of God.&quot;<span style=\"color:#808080\"> [Note: Philip, p. 225. Cf. Romans 11:20.] <\/span><\/p>\n<h4 align='right'><i><b>Fuente: Expository Notes of Dr. Constable (Old and New Testaments)<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n<p>SORROW AND FAILURE AT KADESH<\/p>\n<p>Num 20:1-29<\/p>\n<p>THERE is a mustering at Kadesh of the scattered tribes, for now the end of the period of wandering approaches, and the generation that has been disciplined in the wilderness must prepare for a new advance. The spies who searched Canaan were sent from Kadesh, {Num 13:26} to which, in the second year from the exodus, the tribes had penetrated. Now, in the first month of the fortieth year it would seem, Kadesh is again the headquarters. The adjacent district is called the desert of Zin. Eastward, across the great plain of the Arabah, reaching from the Dead Sea to the Elanitic Gulf, are the mountains of Seir, the natural rampart of Edom. To the head of the Gulf at Elath the distance is some eighty miles in a straight line southward; to the southern end of the Dead Sea it is about fifty miles. Kadesh is almost upon the southern border of Canaan; but the way of the Negeb is barred by defeat, and Israel must enter the Promised Land by another route. In preparation for the advance the tribes gather from the wadies and plateaus in which they have been wandering, and at Kadesh or near it the earlier incidents of this chapter occur.<\/p>\n<p>First among them is the death of Miriam. She has survived the hardships of the desert and reached a very great age. Her time of influence and vigour past, all the joys of life now in the dim memories of a century, she is glad, no doubt, when the call comes. It was her happiness once to share the enthusiasm of Moses and to sustain the faith of the people in their leader and in God. But any service of this kind she could render has been left behind. For some time she has been able only now and then with feeble steps to move to the tent of meeting that she might assure herself of the welfare of Moses. The tribes will press on to Canaan, but she shall never see it.<\/p>\n<p>How is a life like this of Miriams to be reckoned? Take into account her faith and her faithfulness; but remember that both were maintained with some intermixture of poor egotism; that while she helped Moses she also claimed to rival and rebuke him; that while she served Jehovah it was with some of the pride of a prophetess. Her devotion, her endurance, the long interest in her brothers work, which indeed led to the great error of her life-these were her virtues, the old great virtues of a woman. So far as opportunity went she doubtless did her utmost, with some independence of thought and decision of character. Even though she gave way to jealousy and passed beyond her right, we must believe that, on the whole, she served her generation in loyalty to the best she knew, and in the fear of the Most High. But into what a strange disturbed current of life was her effort thrown! Downcast, sorely burdened women, counting for very little when they were cheerful or when they complained, heard Miriams words and took them into their narrow thoughts, to resent her enthusiasm, perhaps, when she was enthusiastic, to grudge her the power she enjoyed, which to herself seemed so slight. In the camp generally she had respect, and perhaps, once and again, she was able to reconcile to Moses and to one another those whose quarrels threatened the common peace. When she was put forth from the camp in the shame of her leprosy, all were affected, and the march was stayed till her time of separation was over. Was she one of those women whose lot it is to serve others all their lives and to have little for their service? Still, like many another, she helped to make Israel, Of good and evil, of Divine elements and some that are anything but Divine, lives are made up. And although we cannot gather the results of any one and tell its worth, the stream of being retains and the unerring judgment of God accepts whatever is sincere and good. Miriam from first to last fills but a few lines of sacred history; yet of her life, as of others, more has to be told; the end did not come when she died at Kadesh and was buried outside Canaan.<\/p>\n<p>Spread through a diversified and not altogether barren region, over many square miles, the tribes have been able during the thirty-seven, years to provide themselves with water. Gathered more closely now, when the dry season begins they are in want. And at once complaints are renewed. Nor can we wonder much. In flaming sunshine, in the parched air of the heights and the stifling heat of the narrow valleys, the cattle gasping and many of them dying, the children crying m vain for water, the little that is to be had, hot and almost putrid, carefully divided, yet insufficient to give each family a little, -the people might well lament their apparently inevitable fate. It may be said, &#8220;They should have confided in God.&#8221; But while that might apply in ordinary circumstances, would not be out of place if the whole history were ideal, the reality, once understood, forbids so easy a condemnation of unbelief. Nothing is more terrible to endure, nothing more fitted to make strong men weep or turn them into savage critics of a leader and of Providence, than to see their children in the extremity of want which they cannot relieve. And a leader like Moses, patient as he may have been of other complaints, should have been most patient of this. When the people chode with him and said, &#8220;Would God that we had died when our brethren died before the Lord! And why have ye brought the assembly of the Lord into this wilderness, that we should die, we and our cattle?&#8221; they ought surely to have been met with pity and soothing words.<\/p>\n<p>It is indeed a tragedy we are to witness when we come to the rock; and one element of it is the old age and the weary spirit of the leader. Who can tell what vexed his soul that day? how many cares and anxieties burdened the mind that was clear yet, but not so tolerant, perhaps, as once it had been? The years of Moses, his long and arduous service of the people, are not remembered as they ought to be. Even in their extremity the men of the tribes ought to have appealed to their great chief with all respect, instead of breaking in upon him with reproaches. Was no experience sufficient for these people? After the discipline of the wilderness, was the new generation, like that which had died, still a mere horde, ungrateful, rebellious? From the leaders point of view this thought could not fail to arise, and the old magnanimity did not drive it away.<\/p>\n<p>Another point is the forbearance of Jehovah, who has no anger with the people. The Divine Voice commands Moses to take his rod and go forth to the rock and speak to it before the assembly. This does not fall in with Moses mood. Why is God not indignant with the men of this new generation who seize the first opportunity to begin their murmuring? Relapsing from his high inspiration to a poor human level, Moses begins to think that Jehovah, whose forgiveness be has often implored on Israels behalf, is too ready now to forgive. It is a failing of the best men thus to stand for the prerogative of God more than God Himself; that is, to mistake the real point of the circumstances they judge and the Divine will they should interpret. The story of Jonah shows the prophet anxious that Nineveh, the inveterate foe of Israel, the centre of proud, God-defying idolatry, should be destroyed. Does God wish it to be spared, to repent and obtain forgiveness? So does not Jonah. His creed is one of doom for wickedness. He resents the Divine mercy and, in effect, exalts himself above the Most High. In like temper is Moses when he goes out followed by the crowd. There is the rock from which water shall be made to flow. But with the thought in his mind that the people do not deserve Gods help, Moses takes the affair upon himself. The tragedy is fulfilled when his own feelings guide him more than the Divine patience, his own displeasure more than the Divine compassion; and with the words on his lips, &#8220;Hear now, ye rebels: shall we bring you forth water out of this rock?&#8221; he smites it twice with his rod.<\/p>\n<p>For the moment, forgetting Jehovah the merciful, Moses will himself act God; and he misrepresents God, dishonours God, as every one who forgets Him is sure to do. Is he confident in the power of his wonder-working rod? Does he wish to show that its old virtue remains? He will use it as if he were smiting the people as well as the rock. Is he willing that this thirsting multitude should drink? Yet he is determined to make them feel that they offend by the urgency with which they press upon him for help. There have been crises in the lives of leaders of men when, with all the teaching of the past to inspire them, they should have risen to a faith in God far greater than they ever exercised before; and more or less they have failed. This is not the will of Providence, they have thought, though they should have known that it was. They have said, &#8220;Advance: but God goes not with you,&#8221; when they should have seen the heavenly light moving on. So Moses failed. He touched his limit; and it was far short of that breadth of compassion which belongs to the Most Merciful. He stood as God, with the rod in his hand to give the water, but with the condemnation upon his lips which Jehovah did not speak.<\/p>\n<p>In this mood of assumed majesty, of moral indignation which has a personal source, with an air of superiority not the simplicity of inspiration, a man may do what he will for ever regret, may betray a habit of self-esteem which has been growing upon him and will be his ruin if it is not checked. In the strong mind of Moses there had lain the germs of hauteur. The early upbringing in an Egyptian court could not fail to leave its mark, and the dignity of a dictator could not be sustained, after the anxieties of the first two years in the desert, without some slight growth of a tendency or disposition to look down on people so spiritless, and play among them the part of Providence, the decrees of which Moses had so often interpreted. But pride, even beginning to show itself towards men, is an aping of God. Unconsciously the mind that looks down on the crowd falls into the trick of a superhuman claim. Moses, great as he is, without personal ambition, the friend of every Israelite, reaches unaware the hour when a habit long suppressed lifts itself into power. He feels himself the guardian of justice, a critic not only of the lives of men but of the attitude of Jehovah towards them. It is but for an hour; yet the evil is done. What appears to the uplifted mind justice, is arrogance. What is meant for a defence of Jehovahs right, is desecration of the highest office a man can hold under the Supreme. The words are spoken, the rock is struck in pride; and Moses has fallen.<\/p>\n<p>Think of the realisation of this which comes when the flush of hasty resentment dies, and the true self which had been suppressed revives in humble thought. &#8220;What have I done?&#8221; is the reflection-&#8220;What have I said? My rod, my hand, my will, what are they? My indignation! Who gave me the right to be indignant? A king against whom they have revolted! A guardian of the Divine honour! Alas! I have denied Jehovah. I, who stood for Him in my pride, have defamed Him in my vanity. The people who murmured, whom I rebuked, have sinned less than I. They distrusted God, I have declared Him unmerciful, and thereby sown the seeds of distrust. Now I, too, am barred from Israels inheritance. Unworthy of the promise, I shall never cross the border of Gods land. Aaron my brother, we are the transgressors. Because we have not honoured God to sanctify Him in the eyes of the children of Israel, therefore we shall not bring this assembly unto the land He gives them.&#8221; By the lips of Moses himself the oracle was given. It was tragical indeed.<\/p>\n<p>But how could the brothers who had yielded to this dictatorial hierarchical temper be men of God again, fit for another stroke of work for Him, unless, coming forth into action, their pride had disclosed itself, and with whatever bad result shown its real nature? We deplore the pride; we almost weep to see its manifestation; we hear with sorrow the judgment of Moses and Aaron. But well is it that the worst should come to light, that the evil thing should be seen, God-dishonouring, sacrilegious; should be judged, repented of, punished. Moses must &#8220;feel himself and find the blessedness of being little.&#8221; &#8220;By that sin fell the angels,&#8221; that sin unconfessed.<\/p>\n<p>Here in open sight of all, in hearing of all, Moses lays down the godhead he had assumed, acknowledges unworthiness, takes his place humbly among those who shall not inherit the promise. The worst of all happens to a man when his pride remains unrevealed, uncondemned; grows to more and more, and he never discovers that he is attempting to carry himself with the air of Providence, of Divinity.<\/p>\n<p>The error of Moses was great, yet only showed him to be a man of like passions with ourselves. Who can realise the mercy and lovingkindness that are in the heart of God, the danger of limiting the Holy One of Israel? The murmuring of the Israelites against Jehovah had often been rebuked, had often brought them into condemnation. Moses had once and again intervened as their mediator and saved them from death. Remembering the times when he had to speak of Jehovahs anger, he feels himself justified in his own resentment. He thought the murmuring was over; it is resumed unexpectedly, the same old complaints are made and he is carried away by what appears zeal for Jehovah. Yet there is in him even, the man, much more in God, a better than the seeming best. Pathetic indeed is it to find Moses judged as one who has failed from the high place he could have reached by a final effort of self-mastery, one more generous thought. And we see him fail at a point where we often fail. Sternly to judge our own right of condemning before we speak sternly in the name of God; neither to do nor say anything which implies the assumption of knowledge, justice, charity we do not possess-how few of us are in these respects blameless for a day! Far back in sacred history this high duty is presented so as to evoke the best endeavour of the Christian soul and warn it from the place of failure.<\/p>\n<p>There is preserved in the Book of Exodus (chapter 36) a list of the Kings of Edom reaching down apparently to about the establishment of the monarchy of Israel. Recent archeology sees no reason to question the genuineness of this historical notice or the names of the Dukes of Edom given in the same passage. With varying boundaries the region over which they ruled extended southward from Moab and the Dead Sea as far as the Elanitic Gulf. Kadesh, considerably west of the Arabah, is described as being on its uttermost border. But the district inhabited by the Edomites proper was a narrow strip of rugged country eastward of the range of Mount Seir. One pass giving entrance to the heart of Edom led by the base of Mount Hot towards Selah, afterwards called Petra, which occupied a fine but narrow valley in the heart of broken mountains. To reach the south of Moab the Israelites desired probably to take a road a good deal farther north. But this would have led them by Bozrah the capital, and the king who reigned at the time refused them the route. The message sent him in Moses name was friendly, even appealing. The brotherhood of Edom and Israel was claimed; the sore travail of the tribes in Egypt and the deliverance wrought by Jehovah were given as reasons; promise was made that no harm should be done to field or vineyard: Israel would journey by the kings way, turning neither to the right nor the left. When the first request was refused Moses added that if his people drank of the water while passing through Edom they would pay for it. The appeal, however, was made in vain. An attempt to advance without permission was repelled. An armed force barred the way, and most reluctantly the desert road was again taken.<\/p>\n<p>We can easily understand the objection of the King of Edom. Many of the defiles through which the main road wound were not adapted for the march of a great multitude. The Israelites could scarcely have gone through Edom without injuring the fields and vineyards; and though the undertaking was given in good faith by Moses, how could he answer for the whole of that undisciplined host he was leading towards Canaan? The safety of Edom lay in denying to other peoples access to its strongholds. The difficulty of approaching them was their main security. Israel might go quietly through the land now; but its armies might soon return with hostile intent. Water, too, was very precious in some parts of Edom. Enough was stored in the rainy season to supply the wants of the inhabitants; beyond that there was none to spare, and for this necessary of life money was no equivalent. A multitude travelling with cattle would have made scarcity, or famine, -might have left the region almost desolate. With the information they had, Moses and Joshua may have believed that there were no insuperable difficulties. Yet the best generalship might have been unequal to the task of controlling Israel in the passes and among the cultivated fields of that singular country.<\/p>\n<p>There is no need to go back on the history of Jacob and Esau in order to account for the apparent incivility of the King of Edom to the Israelites and Moses. That quarrel had surely been long forgotten! But we need not wonder if the kinship of the two peoples was no availing argument in the case. Those were not times when covenants like that proposed could be easily trusted, nor was Israel on an expedition the nature of which could reassure the Idumaeans. And we have parallels enough in modern life to show that from the only point of view the king could take he was amply justified. There are demands men make on others without perceiving how difficult it will be to grant them, demands on time, on means, on good-will, demands that would involve moral as well as material sacrifice. The foolish intrusions of well-meaning people may be borne for a time, but there is a limit beyond which they cannot be suffered. Our whole life cannot be exposed to the derangements of every scheme-maker, every claimant. If we are to do our own work well, it is absolutely necessary that a certain space shall be jealously guarded, where the gains of thought may be kept safely and the ideas revealed to us may be developed. That any ones life should be open so that travellers, even with some right of close fraternity, may pass through the midst of it, drink of the wells, and trample down the fields of growing purpose or ripening thought, this is not required. Good-will makes an open gate; Christian feeling makes one still wider and bids many welcome. But he who would keep his heart in fruitfulness must be careful to whom he grants admission. There is beginning to be a sort of jealousy of anyones right to his own reserve. It is not a single Israel approaching from the West, but a score, with their different schemes, who come from every side demanding right of way and even of abode. Each presses a Christian claim on whatever is wanted of our hospitality. But if all had what they desire there would be no personal life left.<\/p>\n<p>On the other hand, some whose highways are broad, whose wells and streams are overflowing, whose lives are not fully engaged, show themselves exclusive and inhospitable-like those proprietors of vast moors who refuse a path to the waterfall or the mountain-top. Without Edoms excuse, some modern Idumaeans warn every enterprise off their bounds. Neither brotherhood nor any other claim is acknowledged. They would find advantage, not injury, in the visit of those who bring new enthusiasms and ideas to bear on existence. They would learn of other aims than occupy them, a better hope than they possess. Their sympathy would be enlisted in heavenly or humane endeavours, and new alliances would quicken as well as broaden their life. But they will not listen; they continue selfish to the end. Against all such Christianity has to urge the law of brotherhood and of sacrifice.<\/p>\n<p>We have assumed that Kadesh was on the western side of the Arabah, and it is necessary to take Num 20:20 as referring to an incident that occurred after the Israelites had crossed the valley. Not otherwise can we explain how they came to encamp among the mountains on the eastern side. The repulse must have been sustained by the tribes after they had left Kadesh and penetrated some distance into the northern defiles of Idumaea. Bozrah, the capital, appears to have been situated about half way between Petra and the southern extremity of the Dead Sea, and a force issuing from that stronghold would divert the march southward so that the Israelites could safely encamp only when they reached the open plain near Mount Hor. Hither therefore they retreated: and here it was that Moses and Aaron were parted. The time had come for the high priest to be gathered to his people.<\/p>\n<p>Scarcely any locality in the whole track of the wandering is better identified than this. From the plain of the Arabah the mountains rise in a range parallel to the valley, in ridges of sandstone, limestone, and chalk, with cliffs and peaks of granite. The defile that leads by Mount Hor to Petra is peculiarly grand, for here the range attains its greatest height. &#8220;Through a narrow ravine,&#8221; says one traveller, &#8220;we ascended a steep mountain side, amid a splendour of colour from bare rock or clothing verdure, and a solemnity of light on the broad summits, of shade in the profound depths &#8211; a memory forever. It was the same narrow path through which in oldtimes had passed other trains of camels laden with the merchandise of India, Arabia, and Egypt. And thus having ascended, we had next a long descent to the foot of Mount Hor, which stands isolated.&#8221; The mountain rises about four thousand feet above the Arabah and has a peculiar double crest. On its green pastures there graze flocks of sheep and goats; and inhabited caves-used perhaps since the days of the old Horites-are to be seen here and there. The ascent of the mountain is aided by steps cut in the rock, &#8220;indeed a tolerably complete winding staircase,&#8221; for the chapel or mosque on the summit, said to cover the grave of Aaron, is a notable Arab sanctuary, resorted to by many pilgrims. &#8220;From the roof of the tomb-now only an ordinary square building with a dome-northward and southward, a hilly desert; eastward, the mountains of Edom, within which Petra lies hid; westward, the desert of the Arabah, or wilderness of Zin; beyond that, the desert of Et-Tih; beyond that again, in the far horizon, the blue-tinted hills of the Land of Promise.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Such is the mountain at the foot of which Israel lay encamped when the Lord said unto Moses, &#8220;Take Aaron and Eleazar his son, and bring them up unto Mount Hor; and strip Aaron of his garments, and put them upon Eleazar his son: and Aaron shall be gathered unto his people and shall die there.&#8221; We imagine the sorrowful gaze of the multitude following the three climbers, the aged brothers who had borne so long the burden and heat of the day, and Eleazar, already well advanced in life, who was to be invested with his fathers office. Coming soon after the death of Miriam, this departure of Aaron broke sharply one other link that still bound Israel with its past. The old times were receding, the new had not yet come into sight.<\/p>\n<p>The life of a good man may close mournfully. While some in leaving the world cross cheerfully the river beyond which the smiling fields of the heavenly land are full in view, others there are who, even with the faith of the Conqueror of death to sustain them, have no gladdening prospect at the last. Only from a distance Aaron saw the Land of Promise; from so great a distance that its beauty and fruitfulness could not be realised. The sullen gleam of the Lake of Sodom, lying in its grim hollow, was visible away to the north. Besides that the dim eyes could make out little. But Edom lay below; and the tribes would have a great circuit round that inhospitable land, would have to traverse another desert beyond the horizon to the east, ere they could reach Moab and draw near to Canaan. A true patriot, Aaron would think more of the people than of himself. And the confidence he had in the friendliness of God and the wisdom of his brother would scarcely dispel the shadow that settled on him as he forecast the journey of the tribes and saw the difficulties they were yet to meet. So not a few are called away from the world when the great ends for which they have toiled are still remote. The cause of liberty or of reformation with which life has been identified may even appear farther from success than years before. Or again, the close of life may be darkened by family troubles more pressing than any that were experienced earlier. A man may be heavily burdened without distrusting God on his own account, or doubting that in the long run all shall be well. He may be troubled because the immediate prospect shows no escape from painful endurance for those he loves. He does not sorrow perhaps that he has found the promises of life to be illusory; but he is grieved for dear friends who must yet make that discovery, who shall travel many a league and never win the battle or pass beyond the wilderness.<\/p>\n<p>The mind of Aaron as he went to his death was darkened by the consciousness of a great failure. Kadesh lay westward across the valley, and the thought of what took place there was with the brothers as they climbed Mount Hor and stood upon its summit. They had repented, but they had not yet forgiven themselves. How could they, when they saw in the temper of the people too plain proofs that their lese-majesty had borne evil fruit? It needs much faith to be sure that God will remedy the evil we have done; and so long as the means cannot be seen, the shadow of self-reproach must remain. Many a good man, climbing the last slope, feels the burden of transgressions committed long before. He has done his utmost to restore the defences of truth and rebuild the altars of witness which in thoughtless youth or proud manhood he cast down. But circumstances have hindered the work of reparation; and many who saw his sin have passed far beyond the reach of his repentance. The thought of past faults may sadly obscure the close of a Christian life. The end would indeed be hopeless often were it not for trust in the omnipotent grace which brings again that which was driven away and binds up that which was broken. Yet since the very work of God and the victory of Christ are made more difficult by things a believer has done, is it possible that he should always have happy recollections of the past as life draws near its end?<\/p>\n<p>It was no doubt honourable to Aaron that his death was appointed to be on that mountain in Seir. Old as he was, he would never think of complaining that he was ordained to climb it. Yet to the tired limbs it was a steep, difficult path, a way of sorrow. Here, also, we find resemblance to the close of many a worthy life. High office in the Church has been well served, overflowing wealth has been used in beneficence; but at the last reverses have come. The man who was always prosperous is now stripped of his possessions. Darkened in mind by successive losses, bereaved of friends and of power, he has to climb a dreary mountain-path to the sharp end. It may be really honourable to such a man that God has thus appointed his death to be not in the midst of luxury, but on the rugged peak of loss. Understanding things aright, he should say: &#8220;The Lord gave, and the Lord hath taken away; blessed be the name of the Lord.&#8221; But if dependence is felt as shame, if he who gave freely to others feels it a sore thing to receive from others, who can have the heart to blame the good man because he does not triumph here? And if he has to climb alone, no Eleazar with him, scarcely one human aid, what shall we say? Now life must gird itself and go whither it would not. Sad is the journey, but not into night. The Christian does not impeach Divine providence nor grieve that earthly good is finally taken away. Though his life has been in his generosity, not in his possessions, yet he will confess that the last bitter trial is needful to the perfecting of faith.<\/p>\n<p>Should the believer triumph over death through Christ? It is his privilege; but some display unwarranted complacency. They have confidence in the work of Christ; they boast that they rest everything on Him. But is it well with them if they have no sorrow because of days and years that ran to waste? Is it well with them if they deplore no failure in Christian effort when the reason is that they never gave heart and strength to any difficult task? Who can be satisfied with the apparent victory of faith at the last of one who never had high hopes for himself and others, and therefore was never disappointed? Better the sorrowful ending to a life that has dared great things and been defeated, that has cherished a pure ideal and come painfully short of it, than the exultation of those who even as Christians have lived to themselves.<\/p>\n<p>Perhaps the circumstances that attended the death of Aaron were to him the finest discipline of life. Climbing the steep slope at the command of God, would he not feel himself brought into a closer relation with the Eternal Will? Would he not feel himself separated from the world and gathered up into the quiet massiveness of life with Him who is from everlasting to everlasting? The years of a high priest, dealing constantly with sacred things and symbols, might easily fall into a routine not more helpful to generous thought and spiritual exaltation than the habits of secular life. One might exist among sacrifices and purifications till the mind became aware of nothing beyond ritual and its orderly performance. True, this had not been the case with Aaron during a considerable portion of the time since he began his duties. There had been many events by means of which Jehovah broke in upon the priests with His great demands. But thirty-seven years had been comparatively uneventful. And now the little world of camp and tabernacle court, the sacred shrine with its ark, the symbolic dwelling-place of God, must have their contrast in the broad spaces filled with gleaming light, the blue vault, the widespread hills and valleys, the heavens which are Jehovahs throne, the earth which is His footstool. The bustle of Israels little life is left behind for the calm of the mountain land. The high priest finds another vestibule of the dwelling of Jehovah than that which he has been accustomed to enter with sprinkled blood and the pungent fumes of the incense.<\/p>\n<p>Is it not good thus to be called away from the business of the world, immersed in which every day men have lost the due proportions of things, both of what is earthly and what is spiritual? They have to leave the computations recorded in their books, and what bulks largely in the gossip of the way and the news of the town; they are to climb where greater spaces can he seen, and human life, both as brief and as immortal, shall be understood in its relations to God. Often those who have this call addressed to them are most unwilling to obey. It is painful to lose the old standards of proportion, to hear no longer the familiar noise of wheels, to see no machinery, no desks, no ledgers, to read no newspapers, to have the quiet, the slow-moving days, the moonless or moonlit nights. But if reflection follows, as it should, and brings wisdom, the change has saved a man who was near to being lost. The things he toiled for once, as well as the things he dreaded, -that success, this breath of adverse opinion, -seem little in the new light, scarcely disturb the new atmosphere. One thus called apart with God, learning what are the real elements of life, may look with pity on his former self, yet gather out of the experience that had small value, for the most part, here and there a jewel of price. And the wise, becoming wiser, will feel preparation made for the greater existence that lies beyond.<\/p>\n<p>Moses accompanied his brother to the mountain top, by his hands, with all considerateness, the priestly robes were taken from Aarons shoulders and put on Eleazar. The true friend he had all along relied upon was with the dying man at the last, and closed his eyes. In this there was a palliation of the decree under which it would have been terrible to suffer alone; yet in the end the loneliness of death had to he felt. We know a Friend who passed through death for us, and made a way into the higher life, but still we have our dread of the solitude. How much heavier must it have weighed when no clear hope of immortality shone upon the hill. The vastness of nature was around the dying priest of Israel, his face was turned to the skies. But the thrill of Divine love we find in the touch of Christ did not reassure him. &#8220;These all received not the promise, God having provided some better thing concerning us, that apart from us they should not be made perfect.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Eleazar followed Aaron and took up the work of the priesthood, not less ably, let us believe, yet not precisely with the same spirit, the same endowments. And indeed to have one in all respects like Aaron would not have served. The new generation, in new circumstances, needs a new minister. Office remains; but, as history moves on, it means always something different. When the hour comes that requires a clear step to be taken away from old notions and traditions of duty, neither he who holds the office nor those to whom he has ministered should complain or doubt. It is not good that one should cling to work merely because he has served well and may still seem able to serve; often it is the case that before death commands a change the time for one has come. Even the men who are most useful to the world, Paul, Apollos, Luther, do not die too soon. It may appear to us that a man who has done noble work has no successor. When, for instance, England loses its Dr. Arnold, Stanley, Lightfoot, and we look in vain for one to whom the robes are becoming, we have to trust that by some education they did not foresee the Church has to be perfected. The same theory, nominally, is not the same when others undertake to apply it. The same ceremonies have another meaning when performed by other hands. There are ways to the full fruition of Christs government which go as far about as Israels to Canaan round the land of Moab, for a time as truly retrogressive. But the great Leader, the one High Priest of the new covenant, never fails His Church or His world, and the way that does not hasten, as well as that which makes straight for the goal, is within His purpose, leads to the fulfilment among men of His mediatorial design.<\/p>\n<h4 align='right'><i><b>Fuente: Expositors Bible Commentary<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Then came the children of Israel, [even] the whole congregation, into the desert of Zin in the first month: and the people abode in Kadesh; and Miriam died there, and was buried there. 1. and Miriam died there ] At what period this took place is not stated. The event has no connexion with the &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/bible-commentary\/exegetical-and-hermeneutical-commentary-of-numbers-201\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Exegetical and Hermeneutical Commentary of Numbers 20:1&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4321","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-commentary"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/bible-commentary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4321","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/bible-commentary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/bible-commentary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/bible-commentary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/bible-commentary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4321"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/bible-commentary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4321\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/bible-commentary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4321"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/bible-commentary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4321"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/bible-commentary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4321"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}