3<\/strong>. the name of the place was called Hormah<\/em> ] In view of the expression ‘destroyed them and their cities,’ Hormah would seem to be a district and not a town; and perhaps it is so in Num 14:45<\/span> (‘the Hormah’) and Dt. 1:441 [Note: This is the more probable if we read ‘from Seir’ with LXX., Syr., Vulg.] . But in other passages Hormah is a city; cf. Jos 12:14<\/span>; Jos 15:30<\/span>; Jos 19:4 , 1Sa 30:30<\/span>, 1Ch 4:30<\/span>; and in Jdg 1:17<\/span> it is said that its former name was ephath.<\/p>\n He called the name of the place – <\/B>Render it as: the name of the place was called. The transitive verb here is, by a common Hebrew idiom, equivalent to an impersonal one.<\/P> Hormah – <\/B>i. e. Ban. See Num 14:45<\/span> and note. In Jdg 1:17<\/span>, we read that the men of Judah and Simeon slew the Canaanites that inhabited Zephath, and utterly destroyed it; and further, that the name of the city was called Hormah. But it does not follow that the name Hormah was first bestowed in consequence of the destruction of the place in the time of the Judges, and that in Numbers its occurrence is a sign of a post-Mosaic date of composition. The text here informs us that this aggression of the king of Arad was repelled, and avenged by the capture and sack of his cities; and that the Israelites banned them (compare Lev 27:28-29<\/span>). But it was not the plan of the Israelites in the time of Moses to remain in this district. They therefore marched away southeastward; and no doubt for the time the Canaanites resumed possession, and restored the ancient name (Zephath). But Joshua again conquered the king of this district, and finally in the time of the early Judges the ban of Moses and his contemporaries was fully executed. We have therefore in the passage before us the history of the actual origin of the name Hormah.<\/P> <\/p>\n Verse 3<\/span>. The Lord hearkened to the voice of Israel<\/B><\/I>] The whole of this verse appears to me to have been added after the days of Joshua. It is certain the Canaanites were not utterly destroyed at the time here spoken of, for this did not take place till after the death of Moses. If, instead of utterly destroyed them<\/I>, vaiyacharem, we translate they devoted them to utter destruction<\/I>, it will make a good sense, and not repugnant to the Hebrew; though some think it more probable that the verse was added afterwards by Joshua or Ezra, in testimony of the fulfilment of God’s promise; for Arad<\/I>, who is mentioned as being destroyed here, is mentioned among those destroyed by Joshua long after, (see Jos 12:14<\/span>): but this is quite consistent with their being devoted to destruction<\/I>, as this might be fulfilled any time after. See Clarke on Le 27:34<\/span>.<\/P> <\/p>\n They utterly destroyed them:<\/B> when? <\/P> Answ.<\/B> Either, <\/P> 1. Some time after this, under Joshua, who subdued, among others, the king of Arad<\/I>, Jos 12:14<\/span>. And so this is mentioned here by anticipation, that the vow being now made and mentioned, the effect or performance of it might be recorded, though out of its place; and so this verse must be supposed to be added by some of the prophets, and inserted into Mosess history, as some other passages seem to be. Or, <\/P> 2. At this time; and so this is not the same Arad with that, Jos 12:14<\/span>, nor this the same Hormah with that there mentioned, but another of the same name, which is most frequent in persons and places in Scripture. And this is the more probable, because that Arad and Hormah, Jos 12:14<\/span>, are two distinct places, and had divers kings, whereas here the same place is called both Arad and Hormah; and because that Arad seems to be at some good distance from this, and more within the country, and more northward, as may be gathered from the other places joined with it, Jos 12<\/span>. whereas this Arad was near Edom, Num 21:4<\/span>, and in the south, Num 21:1<\/span>. <\/P> Quest.<\/B> 1. How could this be done in the land of Canaan, when Moses neither entered himself, nor led the people into that land? <\/P> Answ.<\/B> Neither Moses nor the whole body of the people did this exploit, but a select number sent out for this purpose to punish that king and people, who were so fierce and malicious that they came out of their own country to fight with the Israelites in the wilderness; and these, when they had done this work, returned to their brethren into the wilderness. <\/P> Quest.<\/B> 2. Why did they not all now go into Canaan, when some of them had once entered it, and pursue this victory? <\/P> Answ.<\/B> Because God would not permit it, there being several works yet to be done, other people must be conquered, the Israelites must be further humbled and tried and purged, Moses must die, and then they shall enter, and that in a more glorious manner, even over Jordan, which shall be miraculously dried up, and give them passage. <\/P><\/p>\n And the Lord hearkened to the voice of Israel<\/strong>,…. In their prayers and vows; with acceptance heard, and answered them according to their wish:<\/p>\n and delivered up the Canaanites<\/strong>: into their hands, gave them victory over them:<\/p>\n and they utterly destroyed them and their cities<\/strong>; that is, “anathematized” them, and devoted them to destruction; for as yet they did not actually destroy them, since we read of Arad afterwards,<\/p>\n Jos 12:14<\/span>, but this they did in Joshua’s time, when the whole land of Canaan came into their hands; for had they entered the land now, and took and destroyed the cities belonging to Arad, they would doubtless have proceeded, and pursued their conquests, and not have returned into the wilderness again to go round about Edom, in order to enter another way; many think, as Aben Ezra observes on Nu 21:1<\/span> that this section was written by Joshua, after the land was subdued:<\/p>\n and he called the name of the place Hormah<\/strong>; which before was called Zephath, and it seems to have its name from various disasters which happened at this place; as the defeat of the Israelites by the Amalekites, Nu 14:45<\/span>, and here of the Canaanites by the Israelites, and afterwards of the inhabitants of this place by Judah and Simeon, Jud 1:17<\/span> it had its name from “Cherem”, the anathema or destruction it was devoted to.<\/p>\n (3) And they utterly destroyed them and their cities.<\/strong>The meaning of the verb which is here employed is to devote to destruction, <\/em>and hence to destroy utterly. <\/em>It does not clearly appear whether this destruction was effected at once, or whether the fulfilment of the vow took place at a later period. (See Jos. 12:14<\/span>; Jdg. 1:17<\/span>.) If the attack of the Canaanites was made at the time of the final departure from Kadesh, the latter view must be maintained, as it can scarcely be supposed that the cities could have been rebuilt and again destroyed in so short an interval.<\/p>\n And he called the name of the place Hormah.<\/strong>Better, And the name of the place was called Hormah. <\/em>The word Hormah<\/em>i.e., a devoted thing<\/em>is cognate with the verb which occurs in this and the preceding verse, and which is rendered utterly destroy. <\/em>The place is so called by anticipation in Num. 14:45<\/span>, and, as in regard to other names (e.g., Bethel <\/em>and Jacob<\/em>), <\/em>the name was probably given anew to the place on a later occasion (Jdg. 1:17<\/span>).<\/p>\n 3<\/strong>. <\/strong> They utterly destroyed them and their cities <\/strong> It is supposed by some that the actual destruction of the cities did not take place then, for two reasons: 1.) It would have required an entrance into Canaan in order to destroy Arad and its allied cities; and, 2.) it was standing after Joshua led in the nation, and its king was destroyed by him. Jos 12:14<\/span>. The difficulty all disappears when the word destroyed <\/strong> is rendered, as it should be, anathematized, <\/em> or put under the ban. <\/em> The identification of Hormah with Sebaita, (see below,) only twenty-five miles north of Kadesh, (Gadis,) leads others to interpret the ban as executed at that time. But when the Israelites retired the fugitive Canaanites returned and rebuilt the city, which was again taken and destroyed in the conquest of southern Canaan by Judah and Simeon after the death of Joshua. <\/p>\n Hormah <\/strong> Derived from a Hebrew word signifying to anathema, <\/em> or a devotement to destruction. <\/em> Its earlier name was Zephath. Jdg 1:17<\/span>. Robinson identifies it with the pass Es-Sufa<\/em>, both on account of the name and the situation in the mountain, which, running southwest and northeast, completes the plateau of southern Palestine. But the true identification is Sebaita, twenty-five miles southwest of Beer-sheba. See notes on Jos 12:14<\/span>, and Jdg 1:17<\/span>. It is evident, if it was not destroyed now, that till its actual conquest by Judah and Simeon it was called Hormah proleptically. Keil suggests that it may have been captured in the time of Joshua and retaken again by the Canaanites, who restored its old name, Zephath, and that it was subsequently permanently conquered by Judah and Simeon, and received its new name once for all.<\/p>\n Num 21:3<\/span><\/em><\/strong>. <\/strong>They utterly destroyed them, and their cities:<\/em><\/strong><\/strong> They utterly devoted them and their cities; <\/em>Dr. Waterland. Houbigant agrees with Dr. Waterland in this translation, ipsorum urbes anathemate devovit; <\/em>a translation which entirely removes all those difficulties wherewith the text is incumbered by the present version, expressing that they now anathematised, or devoted them and their cities to destruction, and when the cities came into their possession paid their vow; it being undeniable that what our text expresses was not the fact, as appears from Jos 12:14<\/span>. <\/span>Jdg 1:16-17<\/span>; Jdg 1:36<\/span>. See Wall on the Place. <\/p>\n He called the name of the place Hormah<\/em><\/strong><\/strong> That is, anathema, <\/em>or devotion: <\/em>the word denotes a total separation of any thing or person from their former state and condition. This city of Hormah was situated in the south of Canaan.<\/em> <\/p>\n Num 21:3 And the LORD hearkened to the voice of Israel, and delivered up the Canaanites; and they utterly destroyed them and their cities: and he called the name of the place Hormah.<\/p>\n Ver. 3. Delivered up the Canaanites.<\/strong> ] This King Arad, heartened with his former success, might – as Guicciardini saith of Charles VIII of France, in his expedition against Naples – come into the field like thunder and lightning, but go out like a snuff; more than a man at first, less than a woman at last.<\/p>\n Canaanites. The Septuagint and Samaritan Pentateuch add “into his (i.e. Israel’s) hand”. <\/p>\n and their cities. These destroyed after Israel came into the land. Compare Jos 12:14. Jdg 1:16, Jdg 1:17. <\/p>\n Hormah = utter destruction. <\/p>\n Hormah <\/p>\n i.e. utter destruction. <\/p>\n hearkened: Psa 10:17, Psa 91:15, Psa 102:17 <\/p>\n and they utterly: Wyyacharem, rather with the LXX , “and they anathematised, or devoted them to destruction;” for it is certain that these Canaanites and Arad were not utterly destroyed till the time of Joshua – Jos 12:14. <\/p>\n the name: Num 14:45, Deu 1:44, 1Sa 30:30, Hormah, that is, utter destruction. Chormah, rather a devoting to destruction, so LXX , and Tremellius, devotio sive anathema. <\/p>\n Reciprocal: Gen 28:20 – vowed Exo 22:20 – utterly Lev 27:28 – no devoted Lev 27:29 – None Num 22:2 – General Deu 2:34 – utterly destroyed Deu 13:16 – an heap Deu 20:16 – General Jos 6:17 – accursed Jdg 1:17 – Hormah Psa 68:14 – When Zec 14:11 – there<\/p>\n Num 21:3. They utterly destroyed them That is, as many of them as they took at that time; but it is plain that all these Canaanites were not destroyed at this time, for we find the king of Arad and the king of Hormah mentioned among the kings whom Joshua smote some time after this, Jos 12:14; and several of their cities were not taken and destroyed till after the death of Joshua, Jdg 1:16-17. Indeed, all that the Hebrew here (, jacharem) signifies is, that they now devoted them and their cities to destruction, and when their cities came into their possession they fulfilled their vow. He called the name of the place Hormah That is, devoted to destruction, or, Anathema.<\/p>\n And the LORD hearkened to the voice of Israel, and delivered up the Canaanites; and they utterly destroyed them and their cities: and he called the name of the place Hormah. 3. the name of the place was called Hormah ] In view of the expression ‘destroyed them and their cities,’ Hormah would seem to … Continue reading “Exegetical and Hermeneutical Commentary of Numbers 21:3”<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4352","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-commentary"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/bible-commentary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4352","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/bible-commentary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/bible-commentary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/bible-commentary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/bible-commentary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4352"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/bible-commentary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4352\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/bible-commentary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4352"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/bible-commentary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4352"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/bible-commentary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4352"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}Fuente: The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
Fuente: Albert Barnes’ Notes on the Bible<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
Fuente: Adam Clarke’s Commentary and Critical Notes on the Bible<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
Fuente: English Annotations on the Holy Bible by Matthew Poole<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
Fuente: John Gill’s Exposition of the Entire Bible<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
Fuente: Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers (Old and New Testaments)<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
Fuente: Whedon’s Commentary on the Old and New Testaments<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
Fuente: Commentary on the Holy Bible by Thomas Coke<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
Fuente: John Trapp’s Complete Commentary (Old and New Testaments)<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
Fuente: Companion Bible Notes, Appendices and Graphics<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
Fuente: Scofield Reference Bible Notes<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
Fuente: The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
Fuente: Joseph Bensons Commentary on the Old and New Testaments<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"