8<\/strong>. the two kings of the Amorites<\/em> ] Deu 2:26<\/span> to Deu 3:7<\/span>. ‘g‘s people have not previously been called Amorites: cp. Deu 4:47<\/span>, Deu 31:4<\/span>, and the editorial Jos 2:10<\/span>; Jos 9:10<\/span>; Jos 24:8<\/span>; Joshua 12 b<\/em>. Amorite<\/em> apparently in the same general sense as in E, e.g. Jos 5:1<\/span>; Jos 10:5<\/span>. ‘g himself was of the pre-Amorite Repha‘im, Deu 3:11<\/em><\/span>.<\/p>\n beyond Jordan<\/em> ] As in Deu 1:5<\/span> the writer betrays his standpoint in W. Palestine. On the other hand the standpoint of Moses E. of Jordan is properly observed in Deu 3:20<\/em><\/span> ; Deu 3:25<\/em><\/span><\/em>. Dillm. therefore takes Deu 3:8<\/em><\/span> as a later insertion. But must we assume a rigorous consistency in the writer of the discourse?<\/p>\n valley of Arnon<\/em> ] Deu 2:24<\/span>.<\/p>\n unto mount ermon<\/em> ] This carries Israel’s conquest further N. than previously described; another sign of a later hand? ermn<\/em>, from the root rm, sacred<\/em> (see on Deu 2:34<\/span>); either from a sanctuary on the mount or because the whole mount was held sacred: cp. Jdg 3:3<\/span>, Mt Ba‘al ermn<\/em>. The name covered the long S. end of Anti-Lebanon, above the sources of Jordan, and occurs also in the plur. ermnm<\/em>, Psa 42:6<\/span>, probably because of its triple summit. From its height of 9200 ft H. dominates all auran or Bashan, is visible as far S. as the heights above Jericho, and forms the natural N. boundary of all E. Palestine. One of its modern names, Jebel esh-Sheikh, means, not ‘old-man mountain,’ from its snowy hoary appearance, but ‘Mount of the Elder’ or ‘Holy Man,’ some famous saint; according to Conder (Hastings’ D. B.<\/em> ii. 352) the Sheikh ed-Derzi, the founder of the Druzes. Another name is Jebel, or Towl, eth-Thalj, ‘Mount,’ or ‘Height of Snow.’<\/p>\n 8 17. Allotment of the Conquered Lands<\/p>\n Thus Israel had taken the two Amorite kingdoms, from the ’Arnon to ermon (Deu 3:8<\/span>) on which a note is given (Deu 3:9<\/span>) that is, from S. to N., the towns of the Mo‘ab Plateau, all Gile‘ad and Bashan (Deu 3:10<\/span>); then a note on ‘g (Deu 3:11<\/span>). N. from ‘Ar‘er to half Mt Gile‘ad Moses gave to R e ’uben and Gad, the rest of Gile‘ad and Bashan to the half-tribe of Manasseh (Deu 3:12-13<\/span> a<\/em>). Follows a third note Deu 3:13-14<\/span> with additions from a later hand Deu 3:15-17<\/span> unless Deu 3:16<\/span> be regarded as original to the discourse. The parallels are cited in the notes.<\/p>\n On this side Jordan; <\/B>so it was when Moses wrote this book, but afterward, when Israel passed over Jordan, it was called the land beyond Jordan. <\/P> <\/p>\n And we took at that time out of the hands of the two kings of the Amorites<\/strong>,…. Sihon king of Heshbon, and Og king of Bashan;<\/p>\n the land that [was] on this side Jordan<\/strong>; where Moses then was, being in the plains of Moab, and was the country beyond Jordan, with respect to the land of Canaan, and when in that:<\/p>\n from the river of Arnon unto Mount Hermon<\/strong>; Arnon was a river which divided Moab and the Amorites, Nu 22:13<\/span> and Hermon was a mountain of Gilead, which ended where Lebanon began, and was the northerly border of this country. It was remarkable for the dew that fell on it;<\/p>\n [See comments on Ps 133:3]<\/span>.<\/p>\n Verses 8-17:<\/strong><\/p>\n This text defines the territory Israel took from Sihon and Og, and the disposition made of it.<\/p>\n Hermon, <\/strong>meaning “prominent, rugged.” A mountain on the northeastern border of Palestine, across from Lebanon, adjoining the mesa of Bashan. It forms the southern end of the range Antilibanus. It towers above the ancient city of Dan, and the sources of the Jordan River. The Amorites named it Shenir, and the Zidonians Sirion. Its summit is bare of vegetation, and is perpetually covered with snow.<\/p>\n Plain, mishor, <\/strong>“a plain, level place,” the tableland south of Mount Gilead extending southward to the Arnon.<\/p>\n Gilead, <\/strong>meaning “strong, rocky.” A mountainous territory east of Jordan. In later times, it was called Peraea.<\/p>\n Bashan, <\/strong>meaning “the fruitful.” A district on the east of Jordan, almost always with the definite article in the Hebrew text. It extended from the border of Gilead on the south to Mount Hermon on the north, and from the Jordan valley on the west, to Salchah and the border of Geshur and the Maacathites on the east.<\/p>\n Galchah, <\/strong>meaning “wandering.” A city in the northeast of Bashan, known today as Zalchat, or Sulkhad, seven miles east of Bostra.<\/p>\n Edrei, <\/strong>meaning “sown land.” A city in the south of Bashan and north of the Jabbok. It lies twenty-five miles from Bozrah, and nine miles from Abila (Draa) which is about 24 miles from Damascus.<\/p>\n Og was the last survivor of a race of giants, the Rephaim, see Gen 14:5<\/span>. His enormous size is implied by the size of his bedstead, which at one time was displayed as a trophy in Rabbath-Ammon. The bedstead, eres, <\/strong>meaning “an arched bed,” was made of iron. It was nine cubits long, and four cubits wide, or thirteen and a half feet by six feet. It is unlikely that Og was tall enough to fill the bed completely. But if he were ten feet tall, this would exceed any known record. It is possible that the bed was oversize, in order to impress visitors of Og’s enormous size.<\/p>\n In spite of the size of the giant Og, God cut him down to the size of the Israeli soldiers, and gave the victory to His people. This is a reminder of God’s power today, to overcome obstacles which terrify men and which men are unable to overcome.<\/p>\n Moses allocated the land from Aroer by the River Arnon to the Jabbok, to the tribes of Reuben and Gad. The territory north from the Jabbok composing the whole of Bashan, along with Gilead, became the allotment of half the tribe of Manasseh.<\/p>\n For the inheritance of Jair, see Num 32:41<\/span>.<\/p>\n The Geshuri and Maachathi were small Syrian tribes living east of Mount Hermon.<\/p>\n Geshur, <\/strong>meaning “bridge-land,” implying that these people lived near some well-known bridge across Jordan, and may have been its guards.<\/p>\n Maachathites, <\/strong>a name taken from an ancestor by the inhabitants of Maachah, near Mount Hermon. They have been descendants of Maachah, son of Abraham’s brother Nahor, Gen 22:24<\/span>.<\/p>\n Israel subdued but did not destroy these two tribes. They later regained independence and formed a kingdom, 2Sa 3:3<\/span>; 2Sa 10:6<\/span>; 2Sa 13:38<\/span>; 2Sa 15:8<\/span>; 1Ch 3:2<\/span>.<\/p>\n Bashan-havoth-jar, <\/strong>meaning “Jair’s livings in Bashan.”<\/p>\n “Unto this day,” does not imply a very long time. It refers to the time of the writing of this Book. The expression was likely intended as an encouragement to Israel in the victory of Manasseh over the giant Og.<\/p>\n Machir, the son of Manasseh, Gen 50:23<\/span>; Num 26:29<\/span>; Num 27:1<\/span>.<\/p>\n Chinnereth <\/strong>(also Chinneroth, Cinneroth), meaning “circuit,” see Num 34:11<\/span>. A district around the Sea of Galilee.<\/p>\n The salt sea, <\/strong>likely the Arabah, the Dead Sea.<\/p>\n Ashdoth-pisgah, <\/strong>or “springs of Pisgah,” the spurs and ravines of Pisgah, of which Mount Nebo is the peak.<\/p>\n <\/strong><\/p>\n 8, 9<\/strong>. <\/strong> From Arnon unto Mount Hermon <\/strong> The river Arnon <\/strong> formed the boundary between the Moabites and the Amorites. Hermon <\/strong> is the southern spur of Antilibanus. This mountain was one of the great landmarks of the Israelites, being marked as their northern boundary as the “sea” was with their western. It bore different names, each significant.<\/p>\n Hermon is the lofty peak. Sirion<\/strong>, as the Sidonians called it, and Shenir<\/strong>, its Amorite name, imply a glittering breastplate. <\/em> It is now called Jebel es-Sheikh, or Jebel et-Tilj. It is also called Sion. See Deu 4:48<\/span>.<\/p>\n A Description of the Whole Land That Is Captured ( Deu 3:8-17<\/strong><\/span><\/strong> ).<\/strong> <\/p>\n a <\/strong> They took out of the hands of the two kings of the Amorites in Transjordan the land from Mount Hermon in the north to the River Arnon (the border with Moab) in the south, all being in Beyond Jordan eastwards (Deu 3:8-9<\/span>). <\/p>\n b <\/strong> This included Sihon’s cities in the plain (tableland), and all Gilead, both north and south, and all Bashan (Deu 3:10<\/span>). <\/p>\n c <\/strong> Included in this was the kingdom of Og who was a giant of a man and ‘of the demi-gods’ (Rephaim) and had a huge iron bedstead (or basalt sarcophagus) (Deu 3:11<\/span>). <\/p>\n d <\/strong> The land taken in possession included from Aroer on the Moabite border with (going northward) the southern half of Gilead and its cities (Deu 3:12<\/span> a). <\/p>\n d <\/strong> This last was given to the Reubenites and to the Gadites (Deu 3:12<\/span> b). <\/p>\n c <\/strong> The northern part of Gilead and all Bashan was given to the half-tribe of Manasseh. It is called ‘the land of the demi-gods’ (Rephaim) (Deu 3:13<\/span>). <\/p>\n b <\/strong> General Jair of the half-tribe of Manasseh was given a wide region in Bashan which was called ‘the encampments of Jair’, while Machir, a sub-tribe of the half-tribe of Manasseh, was given Gilead proper (northern Gilead, the land in Deu 3:13<\/span>). (Deu 3:14-15<\/span>). <\/p>\n a <\/strong> The Reubenites and Gadites received the southern part of Gilead down to the border of Moab, to the banks of the river Arnon which flowed through the valley of Arnon. They also received the Jordan rift valley east of Jordan from the Sea of Chinnereth (Galilee) in the north to the Dead Sea in the south (Deu 3:16-17<\/span>).<\/p>\n Deu 3:8<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n ‘<\/strong> And we took the land at that time out of the hand of the two kings of the Amorites who were in Beyond Jordan, from the valley of the Arnon to mount Hermon,’ <\/p>\n Thus the whole of the land of the two kings of the Amorites was taken and possessed, from the River Arnon in the South (the border river of Moab) to Mount Hermon in the north. All of them being in Beyond Jordan. <\/p>\n Deu 3:9<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n ‘<\/strong> (which Hermon the Sidonians call Sirion, and the Amorites call it Senir),’ <\/p>\n A note is added here to make clear which mountain was indicated. It was called Sirion by the Sidonians, (mentioned in the Ugaritic texts), and Senir by the Amorites (mentioned in Assyrian texts). This note could have been added at any time. Or it could be an aside by Moses showing off his knowledge, possibly learned from scouts or travellers or Amorite prisoners prior to execution, with a view to indicating that there God’s land came in contact with the greater world. <\/p>\n Deu 3:10<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n ‘<\/strong> All the cities of the plain, and all Gilead, and all Bashan, to Salecah and Edrei, cities of the kingdom of Og in Bashan.’ <\/p>\n The whole extent of the land is then described. It took in all the cities of the Moabite plain, ‘all Gilead’, a wide ranging region above the Moabite plain extending to Bashan, and ‘all Bashan’, and included the great cities of Salecah and Edrei. (Gilead can sometimes refer to a region in the north adjacent to Bashan, but ‘all Gilead’ was a wider expression and covered much of Transjordan. It is also possible that the geographical term ‘Gilead’ could sometimes be used as an overall term to refer to the whole of the land north of Moab including some parts or all of Bashan (Deu 2:36<\/span>; Deu 34:1<\/span>; Judges 10-12; Jdg 20:1<\/span>; 2Ki 15:29<\/span>). This is confirmed in external archaeological records. <\/p>\n Salecah was a city in the extreme east of Bashan possibly modern Salhad, on a southern spur of Mount Hauran. Edrei is probably modern Der‘a, occupying a key point for communications in the Bashan area. <\/p>\n Deu 3:11<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n ‘<\/strong> (For only Og king of Bashan remained of the remnant of the Rephaim. Behold, his sarcophagus (literally ‘resting place, place of lying down’) was a sarcophagus of basalt. Is it not in Rabbah of the children of Ammon? Nine cubits was its length, and four cubits its breadth, after the cubit of a man).’ <\/p>\n Here we learn that in Bashan Og was the only surviving remnant of the Rephaim. His great size was probably one reason why he had been made king. He would be a fearsome war-leader. He was buried in a sarcophagus of basalt (the colour of iron), the great size of which was well known, nine cubits by four cubits (roughly four metres\/thirteen and a half feet, by two metres\/six feet). This did not mean that he was that size. In death as in life kings liked to exaggerate what they were. Similar sarcophagi have been discovered in Phoenicia. It was possibly carried to Ammon to prevent anticipated degrading treatment. <\/p>\n This was possibly a footnote (but see analysis where it is balanced by Deu 3:13<\/span>) added later by a discerning writer, although if he had had his sarcophagus ready, and it was swiftly carried to Ammon once he was dead, in order to escape desecration, news easily could have reached Moses of where it was. Men loved to carry such information to rulers, hoping for a reward. <\/p>\n Some translate ‘bedstead of iron.’ This is equally possible. The words mean ‘a resting place of iron’ (therefore possibly the colour of iron), a ‘place of lying down’, which makes possible both translations. If it was a bedstead its being made of iron would emphasise Og’s greatness and possibly his overall size. At this time iron was comparatively rare. <\/p>\n Deu 3:12-13<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n ‘<\/strong> And this land we took in possession at that time, from Aroer, which is by the valley of the Arnon, and half the hill-country of Gilead, and its cities, I gave to the Reubenites and to the Gadites, and the rest of Gilead, and all Bashan, the kingdom of Og, I gave to the half-tribe of Manasseh; all the region of Argob, even all Bashan. <\/p>\n He emphasises that they took overall possession of a large area of land, and then he caused the land to be divided up between the Reubenites and Gadites, who appear to have worked very closely together, and the half-tribe of Manasseh which included the sub-tribes Machir and Jair. From Aroer on the River Arnon, probably to the River Jabbok (half the hill-country of Gilead), together with its cities was given to the Reubenites and Gadites, the rest of Gilead from the Jabbok to the Yarmuk, and the whole of Bashan was given to the half tribe of Manasseh. <\/p>\n Deu 3:14<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n ‘<\/strong> (The same is called the land of Rephaim. Jair the son of Manasseh took all the region of Argob, up to the border of the Geshurites and the Maacathites, and called them, even Bashan, after his own name, Havvoth-jair, to this day).’ <\/p>\n This land was called ‘The land of Rephaim.’ This was possibly because it was ruled over by Og, the giant of a king, who was seen as descended from the Rephaim, who like the Anakim were a genetically huge people. They were seen as very sinister. Or it may signify that it was a ghostly land. The term is later applied to ghosts. <\/p>\n Argob, probably from regeb ‘a clod’, probably refers to a fertile area of arable land and appears to be the name of Og’s territory, which included all Bashan. This appears to have been allocated to Jair of Manasseh, the general who captured it, right up to the Golan Heights (the border of the Geshurites and the Maacathites). He renamed it Havvoth-jair (‘the camps (tent-villages) of Jair’). In the time of Solomon these tent-villages were said to be in Gilead (1Ki 4:13<\/span>). This may have been due to migration, they bred cattle and sheep and may well therefore have moved territory, but it is more likely due to a different use of the designation Gilead, which has in fact various definitions geographically (see above and compare Num 32:41<\/span>). Gilead was a name very fluid in its use as we know from external sources. <\/p>\n This description of the activities of Jair is intended to be a stimulus and a reminder that everyone in Israel must play their part in the possession of the land. It was God’s gift, but all must participate in claiming it, just as Jair did. <\/p>\n Deu 3:15-18<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n ‘<\/strong> And I gave Gilead to Machir. And to the Reubenites and to the Gadites I gave from Gilead even down to the valley of the Arnon, the middle of the valley, and its border, even to the river Jabbok, which is the border of the children of Ammon, the Arabah also, and the Jordan and its border, from Chinnereth even to the sea of the Arabah, the Salt Sea, under the slopes of Pisgah eastward.’ <\/p>\n Gilead (or Upper Gilead) was given to the sub-tribe of Machir, (another section of the half-tribe of Manasseh); from the River Arnon up to Upper Gilead, including Lower Gilead was given to the Reubenites and the Gadites. This latter included the Arabah (the Jordan valley) between the sea of Chinnereth (Galilee) and the Dead Sea (the Salt Sea). The eastern border was the River Jabbok. It is clear that the whole area had been scouted, probably after the victory over Og, in order to root out opposition and to deal with fleeing refugees. It was necessary to make the whole area safe before crossing the Jordan. <\/p>\n That the Gadites were still a recognised group in the area in the 9th century BC is testified to by the Moabite stone of Mesha, king of Moab. All this detail helps to confirm that this was spoken at the time when all this information was directly relevant and needed to be communciated to the people so as to keep them informed. <\/p>\n The Lord Gives Israel the Land of the Two Amorite Kings <\/strong> In Deu 3:8-22<\/span> Moses rehearses the event of the Lord giving Israel the land of the two Amorite kings that were defeated.<\/p>\n Deu 3:14<\/strong><\/span> Jair the son of Manasseh took all the country of Argob unto the coasts of Geshuri and Maachathi; and called them after his own name, Bashanhavothjair, unto this day.<\/p>\n Deu 3:14<\/strong><\/span><\/strong> “Bashanhavothjair” <\/strong> Comments – <\/em><\/strong> The ASV<\/em> reads, “Jair the son of Manasseh took all the region of Argob, unto the border of the Geshurites and the Maacathites, and called them, even Bashan, after his own name, Havvoth-jair , unto this day.)”<\/p>\n Note a reference to “Havothjair” in Num 32:41<\/span>, “And Jair the son of Manasseh went and took the small towns thereof, and called them Havothjair .”<\/p>\n Deu 3:17<\/strong><\/span> The plain also, and Jordan, and the coast thereof, from Chinnereth even unto the sea of the plain, even the salt sea, under Ashdothpisgah eastward.<\/p>\n Deu 3:17<\/strong><\/span><\/strong> “from Chinnereth” <\/strong> Comments – <\/em><\/strong> Chinnereth was the name of a city which was near the shore of the lake of Galilee, just south of Tiberias. Easton<\/em> says, “The town seems to have given its name to a district, as appears from 1Ki 15:20<\/span>, where the plural form of the word is used.” The Sea of Chinnereth (Num 34:11<\/span>; Jos 13:27<\/span>), or of Chinneroth (Jos 12:3<\/span>), was the “lake of Gennesaret” or “sea of Tiberias” (Deu 3:17<\/span>; Jos 11:2<\/span>). Chinnereth was probably an ancient Canaanitish name adopted by the Israelites into their language.”<\/p>\n 1Ki 15:20<\/span>, “So Benhadad hearkened unto king Asa, and sent the captains of the hosts which he had against the cities of Israel, and smote Ijon, and Dan, and Abelbethmaachah, and all Cinneroth , with all the land of Naphtali.”<\/p>\n Num 34:11<\/span>, “And the coast shall go down from Shepham to Riblah, on the east side of Ain; and the border shall descend, and shall reach unto the side of the sea of Chinnereth eastward:”<\/p>\n Jos 13:27<\/span>, “And in the valley, Betharam, and Bethnimrah, and Succoth, and Zaphon, the rest of the kingdom of Sihon king of Heshbon, Jordan and his border, even unto the edge of the sea of Chinnereth on the other side Jordan eastward.”<\/p>\n Jos 12:3<\/span>, “And from the plain to the sea of Chinneroth on the east, and unto the sea of the plain, even the salt sea on the east, the way to Bethjeshimoth; and from the south, under Ashdothpisgah:”<\/p>\n Deu 3:17<\/span>, “The plain also, and Jordan, and the coast thereof, from Chinnereth even unto the sea of the plain, even the salt sea, under Ashdothpisgah eastward.”<\/p>\n Jos 11:2<\/span>, “And to the kings that were on the north of the mountains, and of the plains south of Chinneroth , and in the valley, and in the borders of Dor on the west,”<\/p>\n Deu 3:17<\/strong><\/span> “even unto the sea of the plain, even the salt sea” <\/strong> Comments – <\/em><\/strong> The Salt Sea is called today by the name “Dead Sea.”<\/p>\n Ver. <\/em><\/strong>8. <\/strong>That was on this side Jordan<\/em><\/strong><\/strong> That is, <\/em>&c. <\/p>\n NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: Deu 3:8-11<\/p>\n 8Thus we took the land at that time from the hand of the two kings of the Amorites who were beyond the Jordan, from the valley of Arnon to Mount Hermon 9(Sidonians call Hermon Sirion, and the Amorites call it Senir): 10all the cities of the plateau and all Gilead and all Bashan, as far as Salecah and Edrei, cities of the kingdom of Og in Bashan. 11(For only Og king of Bashan was left of the remnant of the Rephaim. Behold, his bedstead was an iron bedstead; it is in Rabbah of the sons of Ammon. Its length was nine cubits and its width four cubits by ordinary cubit.)<\/p>\n Deu 3:8 Thus we took the land. . .from the hand of the two kings Deu 3:24 says it was the strong hand of God, which, anthropomorphically (see Special Topic: God Described As Human [anthropomorphism] ) shows the power and might of God. Here again is the interplay between God’s sovereignty and human effort.<\/p>\n Mount Hermon Mt. Hermon was the northern limit of the land that God gave to the Israelites. It is the largest mountain in the entire area located in Lebanon, north of the Sea of Chinnereth (i.e., Galilee). Its name (BDB 356) is related to herem (devoted thing) and the site of many temples (cf. Ancient Israel, Roland deVaux, vol. 1, pp. 279-282). It is the northern limit of the conquered lands (cf. Jdg 1:1).<\/p>\n Deu 3:9 Sidonians This is the major city in ancient Phoenicia (cf. 1Ki 16:31). It was located on the coast north of Tyre, which later became the major city. It being mentioned instead of Tyre shows the ancientness of this text.<\/p>\n Sirion This term (BDB 970, Psa 29:6) used for Mt. Hermon has been found in Ugaritic texts also shows the ancientness of this text.<\/p>\n Senir This term (BDB 972, cf. 1Ch 5:23; Son 4:8; Eze 27:5) has been found in accounts of Shalmaneser III, an Assyrian king who attacked Damascus.<\/p>\n Deu 3:10<\/p>\n NASB, TEVthe plateau<\/p>\n NKJVthe plain<\/p>\n NRSV, NJBthe tableland<\/p>\n This term (BDB 449) means a level place. It could refer to a plain or a flat tableland. Here it refers to the plateau between the Arnon River and the city of Heshbon (cf. Deu 4:43; Jos 13:9; Jos 13:16-17; Jos 13:21; Jer 48:8; Jer 48:21). This plateau was part of Moab and became the tribal inheritance of Reuben (cf. Jos 20:8).<\/p>\n Gilead The term (BDB 166) is of unknown origin or meaning. A popular (word play) definition is given in Gen 31:48. It can refer to:<\/p>\n 1. a tribe (e.g., Num 26:29; Jdg 5:17)<\/p>\n 2. a land (e.g., Gen 37:25)<\/p>\n It always refers to an area on the east side of the Jordan River from the Arnon River north to the land of Bashan.<\/p>\n Salecah This city seems to form the southeastern limit of Bashan and is often used, along with Mt. Hermon, to designate the extent of Bashan (cf. Jos 12:5; Jos 13:11; 1Ch 5:11).<\/p>\n Deu 3:11 This seems to be an editorial comment, like Deu 2:10-12; Deu 2:20; Deu 3:9.<\/p>\n Rephaim This can mean (1) an ethnic group; (2) giants; or (3) the realm of the dead. The context here seems to speak of the giants. See Special Topic: Terms Used for Tall\/Powerful Warriors or People Groups (Giants) .<\/p>\n NASB, NKJVhis bedstead was an iron bedstead<\/p>\n NRSV, NJBhis bed, an iron bed<\/p>\n TEVhis coffin, made of stone<\/p>\n REBhis sarcophagus of basalt<\/p>\n The term (BDB 793) basically means a wooden frame. It could be used of a trellis, couch, bed, saddle, chair\/throne. Here it refers to a place to sleep:<\/p>\n 1. bed – 2Sa 17:28; Job 7:13; Psa 6:6; Psa 41:3; Amo 6:4<\/p>\n 2. couch – Pro 7:16<\/p>\n 3. coffin (sarcophagus, i.e., one’s final place of rest\/sleep)<\/p>\n It is possible that iron refers to basalt stone sarcophagus color (cf. NET Bible, p. 350). NIDOTTE, vol. 1, p. 741, says, there is no literary support for the suggestion this was a sarcophagus or dolmen.<\/p>\n Rabbah This was the capital of the kingdom of Ammon (cf. Jos 13:25). It is today the capital of Jordan, Amman.<\/p>\n an ordinary cubit This is literally, to the cubit of a man, which was an idiom for a standard cubit. See Special Topic below.<\/p>\n SPECIAL TOPIC: CUBIT <\/p>\n on this side = across, a neutral term. See note on Deu 1:1. <\/p>\n unto. Some codices, with Samaritan Pentateuch, Septuagint, and Syriac, read “and (or even) unto”. <\/p>\n Hermon = high mountain. <\/p>\n the land: Num 32:33-42, Jos 12:2-6, Jos 13:9-12 <\/p>\n Reciprocal: Num 22:1 – on this side Num 22:36 – the border Deu 4:46 – Moses Jos 12:1 – from the Jos 12:5 – Hermon 1Ki 4:13 – Argob Psa 42:6 – Hermonites Psa 89:12 – Hermon Psa 133:3 – As the dew of Hermon Isa 16:2 – the fords<\/p>\n Deu 3:8. On this side Jordan So it was when Moses wrote this book: but afterward, when Israel passed over Jordan, it was called the land beyond Jordan.<\/p>\n Deu 3:8-17 gives an account of the distribution, between Reuben, Gad, and half Manasseh, of the territories taken from the two Amorite kings, Sihon and Og.<\/p>\n Deu 3:8. beyond Jordan: see Deu 1:1.<\/p>\n Deu 3:9. The same mountain bore the names (a) Hermon, i.e. sacred mount, perhaps the root is that of the verb to devote (Deu 2:34*), cf. harem (Arabic), temple, womens enclosure; (b) Sirion, the Sidonian name; (c) Senir (so read in Deu 4:48 for Sion), the Amorite name. Yet in 1Ch 5:23 and Ca. Deu 4:8 Senir and Hermon are differentiated.<\/p>\n Deu 3:10 continues Deu 3:8, Deu 3:9 being an editorial insertion.plain: the elevated plateau N. of the Arnon on which Moab lay (Deu 4:43, Jos 13:9).Gilead here includes the two halves (so Num 32:29). In Deu 2:36* the southern, in Jos 13:31 the northern half is alone meant.<\/p>\n Deu 3:11. his . . . iron: render, his sarcophagus was a sarcophagus of black-basalt. The Heb. barzel is used not only for iron, but also for black-basalt, one-fifth of which is usually iron (Deu 8:9). Huge black-basalt sarcophagi have been discovered in the region here spoken of. There is a later and fuller version of the narrative of Deu 3:12-20 (settlement of the E. Jordan tribes) in Num 3:21-38*. The two accounts differ in many respects.<\/p>\n Deu 3:14-17 (supplementary notices of the territory of the E. Jordan tribes) is evidently a late and clumsy compilation, repeating, and in part contradicting Deu 3:12 f., designed probably to reconcile Deu 3:12 f. with *Num 32:39; Num 32:41*, from which Deu 3:14 f. is in part taken.<\/p>\n Deu 3:14. Jair, i.e. Havvothjair: Num 32:41* (P).unto this day: Deu 2:22*.<\/p>\n Deu 3:16. Omit (with LXX) the words, The middle . . . thereof, or render, the middle of the Wady being the border (or boundary).<\/p>\n Deu 3:17. slopes: the same Heb. word occurs in Num 21:15. <\/p>\n And we took at that time out of the hand of the two kings of the Amorites the land that [was] on this side Jordan, from the river of Arnon unto mount Hermon; 8. the two kings of the Amorites ] Deu 2:26 to Deu 3:7. ‘g‘s people have not previously been called Amorites: cp. … Continue reading “Exegetical and Hermeneutical Commentary of Deuteronomy 3:8”<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4992","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-commentary"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/bible-commentary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4992","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/bible-commentary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/bible-commentary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/bible-commentary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/bible-commentary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4992"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/bible-commentary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4992\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/bible-commentary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4992"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/bible-commentary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4992"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/bible-commentary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4992"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}Fuente: The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
Fuente: The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
Fuente: English Annotations on the Holy Bible by Matthew Poole<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
Fuente: John Gill’s Exposition of the Entire Bible<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
Fuente: Garner-Howes Baptist Commentary<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
Fuente: Whedon’s Commentary on the Old and New Testaments<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
Fuente: Commentary Series on the Bible by Peter Pett<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
Fuente: Everett’s Study Notes on the Holy Scriptures<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
Fuente: Commentary on the Holy Bible by Thomas Coke<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
Fuente: You Can Understand the Bible: Study Guide Commentary Series by Bob Utley<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
Fuente: Companion Bible Notes, Appendices and Graphics<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
Fuente: The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
Fuente: Joseph Bensons Commentary on the Old and New Testaments<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
Fuente: Peake’s Commentary on the Bible<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"