{"id":6084,"date":"2022-09-24T01:27:17","date_gmt":"2022-09-24T06:27:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/bible-commentary\/exegetical-and-hermeneutical-commentary-of-joshua-1011\/"},"modified":"2022-09-24T01:27:17","modified_gmt":"2022-09-24T06:27:17","slug":"exegetical-and-hermeneutical-commentary-of-joshua-1011","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/bible-commentary\/exegetical-and-hermeneutical-commentary-of-joshua-1011\/","title":{"rendered":"Exegetical and Hermeneutical Commentary of Joshua 10:11"},"content":{"rendered":"

And it came to pass, as they fled from before Israel, [and] were in the going down to Beth-horon, that the LORD cast down great stones from heaven upon them unto Azekah, and they died: [they were] more which died with hailstones than [they] whom the children of Israel slew with the sword. <\/i><\/b><\/h3>\n

11<\/strong>. were in the going down to Beth-horon<\/em> ] This was the second stage in the flight. The Amorite host had gained the height before their pursuers, and were hurrying down the pass of nether Beth-horon, “a rough, rocky road, sometimes over the upturned edges of the limestone strata, sometimes over sheets of smooth rock, sometimes over loose rectangular stones, sometimes over steps cut in the rock” (Stanley’s Lectures<\/em>, 1:242), when<\/p>\n

the Lord cast down great stones from heaven upon them<\/em> ] As afterwards in the great fight of Barak against Sisera (Jdg 5:20<\/span>), one of the fearful tempests, which from time to time sweep over the hills of Palestine, burst upon the disordered army, and hailstones of enormous size fell upon their shattered ranks.<\/p>\n

they were moe which died with hailstones<\/em> ] Some have explained these as meteoric stones, but it was rather a fearful storm, “thunder, lightning, and a deluge of hail,” Jos. Ant<\/em>. 5:1. 17. “By a very similar mischance the Austrians were overtaken in 1859 at the battle of Solferino.” Even ordinary hailstones in Syria are often of enormous size. “I have seen some that measured two inches in diameter; but sometimes irregularly shaped pieces are found among them weighing alone twenty drams.” Russell’s Natural History of Aleppo<\/em>, 1:76. “During a storm at Constantinople in 1831, many of the hailstones, or rather masses of ice, weighed from half a pound to above a pound. Under this tremendous fall, the roofs of houses were beaten in, trees were stripped of their leaves and branches, many persons who could not soon enough find shelter were killed, animals were slain, and limbs were broken. In fact, none who know the tremendous power which the hailstones of the East sometimes exhibit, will question, as some have questioned, the possibility that any hail could produce the effect described.” Kitto’s Bible Illustrations<\/em>, II. p. 293.<\/p>\n

they were moe<\/em> ] “and ben deed man ye mo<\/em> with stonus of haiul, than whom with swerd had smyten the sons of Yrael,” Wyclif. In the edition of 1611, “moe” is the comparative of “many,” and is altered to “more” in the later editions. Compare<\/p>\n

“For elles hadde I dweld with Theseus<\/p>\n

I-fetered in his prisoun for ever moo.”<\/p>\n

Chaucer, Knight’s Tale<\/em>, 1231.<\/p>\n

Bru<\/em>. “Is he alone?<\/p>\n

Lu<\/em>. No, sir, there are moe<\/em> with him.”<\/p>\n

Shakespeare, Jul. Cs<\/em>. 2:1. 71.<\/p>\n

Fuente: The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n

Compare Ecclesiasticus 46:6. Frightful storms occasionally sweep over the hills of Judaea; but this was evidently a miraculous occurrence, like the hail which smote Egypt Exo 9:24<\/span> and the tempest which fell on the Philistines at Ebenezer 1Sa 7:10<\/span>.<\/P> <\/p>\n

Fuente: Albert Barnes’ Notes on the Bible<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n

Verse 11<\/span>. The Lord cast down great stones from heaven upon them<\/B><\/I>] Some have contended that stones, in the common acceptation of the word, are intended here; and that the term hail-stones<\/I> is only used to point out the celerity<\/I> of their fall, and their quantity<\/I>. That stones have fallen from the clouds<\/I>, if not from a greater height, is a most incontestable fact. That these have fallen in different parts of the world is also true; the East Indies, America, France, Germany, England, Ireland, c., have all witnessed this phenomenon: of such stones I possess and have seen several fragments some considerable pieces may be seen in the British Museum. That God might have cast down such stones as these on the Canaanites, there can be no doubt, because his power is unlimited; and the whole account proves that here there was a miraculous interference. But it is more likely that hail-stones, in the proper sense of the word, are meant<\/I> as well as expressed<\/I> in the text. That God on other occasions has made use of hail-stones to destroy both men and cattle, we have ample proof in the plague<\/I> of hail<\/I> that fell on the Egyptians. See Clarke on Ex 9:18<\/span>. There is now before me a square of glass, taken out of a south window in the house of Mr. Ball of Crockerton, in the parish of Longbridge Deverell, county of Wilts., through which a hail-stone passed in a shower that fell there June 1, 1780, at two o’clock, P.M. The hole is an obtuse ellipsis<\/I> or oval<\/I>, and is cut as true as if it had been done with a diamond: it is three inches and a half in diameter; a proof that the stone that pierced it, which was about eleven inches in circumference, came with inconceivable velocity, else the glass must have been shivered<\/I> to pieces. I have known a cannon ball go through a square of glass in the cabin window of a ship, and make precisely the same kind of hole, without either shattering<\/I> or even starring<\/I> the glass. It is needless to add that this hail-shower did great damage, breaking even trees in pieces, and destroying the vegetation through the whole of its extent. But allowing that extraordinary showers of hail have fallen in England<\/I> or France<\/I>, is it likely that such showers ever fell in the promised land or its vicinity? They certainly have. Albertus Aquensis<\/I>, one of the writers in the collection Gesta Dei per Francos<\/I>, in describing the expedition of Baldwin I. in the Holy Land, observes that, when he and his army were in the Arabian mountains<\/I>, in the vicinity of the Dead Sea, they suffered incredibly from horrible hail, terrible frost<\/I>, and indescribable rain<\/I> and snow<\/I>, so that thirty of his men perished by them. His words are: “Sexta vero die montanis permensis, in<\/I> extremo illorum cacumine maxima pertulerunt pericula, in GRANDINE<\/I> horribili, in GLACIE terribili, in PLUVIA et NIVE inaudita, quorum<\/I> immanitate, et horrore ingruente ad triginta homines pedites prae<\/I> frigore mortui sunt<\/I>.” – Hist. Hieros., p. 307. I conclude, therefore, that a shower of hail-stones<\/I> may be meant; and that this shower, though natural<\/I> in itself, was supernaturally<\/I> employed on this occasion, and miraculously<\/I> directed to fall where it did, and do the execution described.<\/P>

<\/P>

But I am ready to grant, notwithstanding, that as a most stupendous miracle was in this instance wrought, in causing the sun and moon to stand still; there can be no doubt that the shower of stones, which was also miraculous, might have been of real<\/I> stones<\/I> as well as hail-stones<\/I>. Of late, this subject of the fall of real stones from the clouds has been very closely investigated, and not only the possibility<\/I> of the fall of such stones from the clouds<\/I>, or from much higher regions<\/I>, but the certainty<\/I> of the case has been fully demonstrated. These substances are now, in philosophical language denominated aeroliths<\/I> or air-stones<\/I>; and the following table constructed by M. Izarn<\/I>, a foreign chemist, exhibits a variety of facts of this kind, and shows the places<\/I> and times<\/I> in which these substances fell, and the testimony<\/I> by which these facts are supported. As it is as possible that God might have projected a shower of stones on these idolaters, even from the moon<\/I>, as to arrest that planet in her course, I give the table, and leave the reader to decide, in the present case, for aeroliths<\/I> or hail-stones<\/I>, as may seem to him most congruous to the fact here related. <\/P>

Historical Record of Large Hail Stones<\/B><\/P>


<\/P> <\/TD>

SUBSTANCES<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

PLACES WHERE THEY FELL<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD> <\/TR>

1<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

Shower of stones<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

At Rome.<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD> <\/TR>

2<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

Shower of stones<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

At Rome.<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD> <\/TR>

3<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

A very large stone<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

Near the river Negos, Thrace.<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD> <\/TR>

4<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

Three large stones<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

In Thrace.<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD> <\/TR>

5<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

Stone of 72 lbs<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

Near Larissa, Macedonia.<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD> <\/TR>

6<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

About 1,200 stones; one 120 lbs<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

Near Padua in Italy.<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD> <\/TR>

7<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

Another of 60 lbs<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>


<\/P> <\/TD> <\/TR>

8<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

Another of 59 lbs<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

On Mount Vasier, Provence.<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD> <\/TR>

9<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

Two large stones weighing 20 lbs<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

Liponas, in Bresse.<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD> <\/TR>

10<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

A stony mass<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

Niort, Normandy.<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD> <\/TR>

11<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

A stone of 7 lbs<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

At Lure, in Le Maine.<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD> <\/TR>

12<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

A stone<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

At Aire, in Artois.<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD> <\/TR>

13<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

A stone<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

In Le Cotentin.<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD> <\/TR>

14<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

Extensive shower of stones<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

Environs of Agen.<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD> <\/TR>

15<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

About 12 stones<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

Sienna Tuscany.<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD> <\/TR>

16<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

A large stone of 56 lbs<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

Wold Cottage, Yorkshire.<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD> <\/TR>

17<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

A stone of 10 lbs<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

In Portugal.<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD> <\/TR>

18<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

A stone of about 120 lbs<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

Sale department of the Rhone<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD> <\/TR>

19<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

Shower of stones<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

Benares, East Indies.<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD> <\/TR>

20<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

Shower of stones<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

At Plann, near Tabor, Bohemia<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD> <\/TR>

21<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

Mass of iron, 70 cubic feet<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

America.<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD> <\/TR>

22<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

Mass of ditto, 14 quintals<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

Abakauk, Siberia.<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD> <\/TR>

23<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

Shower of stones<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

Barboutan, near Roquefort<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD> <\/TR>

24<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

Large stone, 260 lbs<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

Ensisheim, Upper Rhine.<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD> <\/TR>

25<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

Two stones, 200 and 300 lbs<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

Near Verona.<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD> <\/TR>

26<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

A stone of 20 lbs<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

Sales, near Ville Franche.<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD> <\/TR>

27<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

Several ditto from 10 to 17 lbs<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

Near L’Aigle, Normandy.<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD> <\/TR> <\/TABLE>

<\/P>


<\/P> <\/TD>

PERIOD OF THEIR FALL<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

TESTIMONY<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD> <\/TR>

1<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

Under Tullus Hostilius<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

Livy.<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD> <\/TR>

2<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

Consuls, C. Martius and M. Torquatus<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

J. Obsequens.<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD> <\/TR>

3<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

Second year of the 78th Olympiad<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

Pliny.<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD> <\/TR>

4<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

Year before J.C., 452<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

Ch. of Count Marcellin.<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD> <\/TR>

5<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

January, 1706<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

Paul Lucas.<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD> <\/TR>

6,7<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

In 1510<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

Carden, Varcit.<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD> <\/TR>

8<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

November 27, 1627<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

Gassendi.<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD> <\/TR>

9<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

September, 1753<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

De La Lande.<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD> <\/TR>

10<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

In 1750<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

De La Lande.<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD> <\/TR>

11<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

September 13, 1768<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

Bachelay.<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD> <\/TR>

12<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

In 1768<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

Gurson de Boyaval.<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD> <\/TR>

13<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

In 1768<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

Morand.<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD> <\/TR>

14<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

July 24, 1790<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

St. Amand, Baudin, c.<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD> <\/TR>

15<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

July, 1794<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

Earl of Bristol.<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD> <\/TR>

16<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

December 13, 1795<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

Captain Topham.<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD> <\/TR>

17<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

February 19, 1796<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

Southey.<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD> <\/TR>

18<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

March 17, 1798<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

Le Lievre and De Dree.<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD> <\/TR>

19<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

December 19, 1798<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

J. Lloyd Williams, Esq.<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD> <\/TR>

20<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

July 3, 1753<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

B. de Born.<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD> <\/TR>

21<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

April 5, 1800<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

Philosophical Magazine.<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD> <\/TR>

22<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

Very old<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

Pallas, Chladni, c.<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD> <\/TR>

23<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

July, 1789<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

Darcet, jun., Lomet, &c<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD> <\/TR>

24<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

November 7, 1492<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

Butenschoen.<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD> <\/TR>

25<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

In 1762<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

Acad. de Bourd.<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD> <\/TR>

26<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

March 12, 1798<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

De Dree.<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD> <\/TR>

27<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

April 26, 1803<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

Fourcroy.<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD> <\/TR> <\/TABLE>


<\/P>

These stones generally appear luminous in their descent, moving in oblique directions with very great velocities, and commonly with a hissing noise. They are frequently heard to explode or burst, and seem to fly in pieces, the larger parts falling first. They often strike the earth with such force as to sink several inches below the surface. They are always different from the surrounding bodies, but in every case are similar to one another, being semi-metallic, coated with a thin black incrustation. They bear strong marks of recent fusion. Chemists have found on examining these stones that they very nearly agree in their nature and composition, and in the proportions of their component parts. The stone which fell at Ensisheim in Alsace, in 1492, and those which fell at L’Aigle in France, in 1803, yielded, by the Analysis of Fourcroy and Vanquelin, as in this table: – <\/P>


<\/P>

Ensisheim stone fell
A.D. 1492<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

L’Aigle stone fell
A.D. 1803<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>


<\/P> <\/TD> <\/TR>

56 0<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

54<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

of silica<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD> <\/TR>

30 0<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

36<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

-oxyd of iron<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD> <\/TR>

12 0<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

9<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

-magnesia<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD> <\/TR>

2 4<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

3<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

-oxyd of nickel<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD> <\/TR>

3 5<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

2<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

-sulphur<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD> <\/TR>

1 4<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

1<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD>

-lime<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <\/TD> <\/TR>

105 3<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/B><\/P> <\/TD>

105<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/B><\/P> <\/TD>


<\/P> <\/TD> <\/TR> <\/TABLE>


<\/P>

Their specific gravities are generally about three of four times that of water, being heavier than common stones. From the above account it is reasonable to conclude that they have all the same origin. To account for this phenomenon, various hypotheses have appeared we shall mention three:<\/P>

1. That they are little planets, which, circulating in space, fall into the atmosphere, which, by its friction, diminishes the velocity, so that they fall by their weight.<\/P>

2. That they are concretions formed in the atmosphere.<\/P>

3. That they are projected from lunar volcanoes. These are the most probable conjectures we can meet with, and of these the two former possess a very small degree of probability, but there are very strong reasons in favour of the last. Among the reasons we may notice the following:<\/P>

1. Volcanoes in the moon have been observed by means of the telescope.<\/P>

2. The lunar volcanoes are very high, and the surface of that globe suffers frequent changes, as appears by the late observations of Schroeter.<\/P>

3. If a body be projected from the moon to a distance greater than that of the point of equilibrium between the attraction of the earth and moon, it will, on the known principle of gravitation, fall to the earth.<\/P>

4. That a body may be projected from the lunar volcanoes beyond the moon’s influence, is not only possible but very probable for on calculation it is found that four times the force usually given to a twelve pounder, will be quite sufficient for this purpose; it is to be observed that the point of equilibrium is much nearer the moon, and that a projectile from the moon will not be so much retarded as one from the earth, both on account of the moon’s rarer atmosphere, and its less attractive force. On this subject, see Mr. Haward’s valuable paper in the Philosophical Transactions for 1802, and Dr. Hutton’s dissertation in the new abridgment, part xxi. It is highly probable that the ancile<\/I>, or sacred shield, that fell from heaven in the reign of Numa Pompilius, was a stone of this sort. The description of its fall, as given by Ovid, Fast<\/I>. lib. iii., bears a striking resemblance to recent accounts of stones falling from the atmosphere, particularly in the luminous<\/I> appearance and hissing<\/I> noise with which it was accompanied.<\/P>

<\/P>

Dum loquitur, totum jam sol emerserat orbem,<\/P>

Et gravis aethereo venit ab axe fragor<\/I>.<\/P>

Ter tonuit sine nube Deus<\/I>, tria fulgura<\/I> misit:<\/P>

Credite dicenti; mira, sed acta<\/I>, loquor.<\/P>

A media coelum regione dehiscere<\/I> coepit:<\/P>

Summisere oculos cum duce turba suos.<\/P>

Ecce levi scutum versatum leniter aura<\/P>

Decidit, a pupulo clamor ad astra venit.<\/P>

Tolit humo munus ________________________<\/P>

Idque ancile<\/I> vocat, quod ab omni parte recisum est.<\/P>


<\/P>

It is very possible that the Palladium of Troy<\/I>, and the Image<\/I> of the Ephesian Diana<\/I>, were stones which really fell from the atmosphere, bearing some rude resemblance to the human form. See the IMPERIAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA, article Aerolith<\/I>.<\/P>

<\/P>

I believe it is generally agreed among philosophers,<\/P>

1. That all these aerial stones, chemically analyzed, show the same properties;<\/P>

2. That no stone found on our earth possesses exactly the same properties, nor in the same proportions. This is an extraordinary circumstance, and deserves particular notice.<\/P><\/p>\n

Fuente: Adam Clarke’s Commentary and Critical Notes on the Bible<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n

Great stones, <\/B>i.e. hailstones of extraordinary greatness and hardness, cast down with that certainty as to hit the Canaanites, and not their pursuers the Israelites, and with that force as to kill them. Josephus affirms that thunder and lightning were mixed with the hail, which may seem probable from Hab 3:11<\/span>. <\/P> <\/p>\n

Fuente: English Annotations on the Holy Bible by Matthew Poole<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n

And it came to pass, as they fled before Israel, [and] were in the going down to Bethhoron<\/strong>,…. The descent of it on that side towards Azekah, and which was also a very narrow passage, of which Josephus s makes mention. The Jews say t, that the going down of Bethhoron was the place where the army of Sennacherib fell:<\/p>\n

that the Lord cast down great stones from heaven upon them unto Azekah, and they died<\/strong>; the Septuagint version calls them hailstones; and so they are called in the next clause; and that such sometimes have fallen as to kill men and cattle, is certain from the plague of hail in Egypt, Ex 9:19<\/span>; and some in very late times u have been known to fall, which were from eight, nine, and twelve inches about, some bigger than the eggs of turkeys, and some half a pound weight,<\/p>\n

[See comments on Re 16:21]<\/span>; but these seem to be proper stones, such as did not melt away as hailstones do; though so called, because they fell from heaven, as they do, but remained, and still remain, according to the notion the Jews have of them; for they say w whoever sees these great stones, in the going down to Bethhoron, is bound to bless; and frequent mention is made by historians of showers of stones being rained. Livy x speaks of such a shower when King Tullus conquered the Sabines; and of another y, when Scipio succeeded at Carthage; and Pomponius Mela z relates, that when Hercules fought with the sons of Neptune, and darts failed him, he obtained of Jupiter to rains shower of stones, which lay spread in great abundance; and some a think it refers to this fact in Joshua’s time, who is supposed to be the same with the Tyrian Hercules b, from hence also called Saxanus c; and in memory of this there are stony camps in various places, called by his name d:<\/p>\n

[they were] more which died with hailstones than [they] whom the children of Israel slew with the sword<\/strong>; but what was the number of each of them is not said; it was doubtless very great, since there was an utter destruction and consumption of them, Jos 10:20<\/span>.<\/p>\n

s De Bello Jud. l. 2. c. 19. sect. 7, 8. t Gloss. in T. Bab. Beracot, fol. 54. 2. u Vid. Louthorp. Abridg. Philosoph. vol. 2. p. 144, 146. w T. Bab. Betacot, fol. 54. 1. x L. 1. p. 17. y L. 30. c. 30. z De Orbis Situ, l. 2. c. 5. a Vossius de Origin. Idol. c. 1. sect. 16. b See Gale’s Court of the Gentiles, l. 2. c. 5. c Dickins. Delph. Phoenic. c. 4. p. 42. d Sanford de Descens. Christi, l. 1. sect. 20. p. 35.<\/p>\n

Fuente: John Gill’s Exposition of the Entire Bible<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n

11<\/strong>. <\/strong> The Lord cast down great stones<\/strong>. Some have supposed that this was a shower of meteoric stones, but before the statement is concluded hailstones <\/strong> are mentioned. Neither of these, considered by itself, is a miraculous event; but either of them occurring at that particular crisis in the flight, and falling only on the foes of Israel, must be regarded as supernatural. Both meteoric stones and hail may have fallen. I have before me the account of a shower of stones in Normandy, in France, in 1803. The stones fell with a hissing noise from a small rectangular cloud, which did not seem to move, and they were scattered over a tract of country eight miles long by three broad. Above two thousand were collected, the largest weighing seventeen and a half pounds. In the Yale College cabinet may be seen a similar stone, weighing sixteen hundred and thirty-five pounds, which fell in Arkansas. Others are found in South America, one whose estimated weight is fifteen tons. The most reasonable hypothesis is, that these stones are fragments of small invisible planets moving through space, drawn within the sphere of the earth’s attraction. That a shower of such projectiles may have been directed by the Ruler of the universe to fall on the descent to Lower Beth-horon while his foes were fleeing from Joshua is not an incredible supposition to one who believes in a personal God. There are many instances of hail storms so violent as to be destructive of life, aside from that recorded in Exodus, (Exo 9:23-26<\/span>,) a plague so destructive to all who were unsheltered. In our own country, in Jackson, La., 1834, within ten minutes, a little after midnight, a great number of cattle were killed by the hailstones, and much damage was done to the houses and woods. Sir Robert Wilson describes a terrible thunder and hail-storm at Marmorice Bay, Asia Minor, while the British fleet were at anchor there in February, 1801. It continued, at intervals, two days and nights to pour hailstones as large as walnuts, deluging the camps with a torrent of them till the earth was covered two feet deep. In August, 1831, there was a hail-storm so violent that two boatmen in a village on the Bosphorus were killed, and many others were severely wounded, by balls of ice of a pound weight. Sudden showers of hail are not unusual in Palestine. The destructiveness of this shower of hail to the Amorites only, and its occurrence at this time, mark it as a miraculous event. The Lord cast down great stones from heaven<\/strong>, by intensifying and controlling natural agencies.<\/p>\n

Fuente: Whedon’s Commentary on the Old and New Testaments<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n

Ver. <\/em><\/strong>11. <\/strong>Andas theywere in the going down to Beth-horon<\/em><\/strong><\/strong> First, the kings in league fled towards Beth-horon, <\/em>which was situate upon a little hill to the north of Gibeon. Their design evidently was to throw themselves into the place, and to occupy the heights of the mountains; but they were yet only on the declivity <\/em>of the hill which led to Beth-horon, when the power of God armed nature to complete their overthrow. Hence, probably, the name Beth-horon, <\/em>which signifies literally the house of anger.<\/em> <\/p>\n

Andthe Lord cast down great stonesupon them unto Azekah, and they died, <\/em><\/strong>&c.<\/strong> I. Some able commentators understand these words of a real shower of stones. This is the opinion of Grotius, Masius, Bonfrere, Vossius, and some others, particularly Calmet; see his learned Dissertation before his Commentary on Joshua. The substance of their arguments is here subjoined. I. The text expressly signifies, that the Lord cast upon the army of the Amoritish kings great stones; <\/em>and, though these stones are immediately after called hail-stones, <\/em>yet that is only to denote the swiftness, quantity, and size of these stones. Indeed, the expression to fall like hail <\/em>is not only common to all the ancient, but has also been preserved in most modern languages. 2. History makes mention of divers showers of stones having fallen in the course of time at divers places, and even speaks of enormous masses falling from heaven; witness that which Calmet attests to have been seen in the parochial church of Ensishem in Alsace, and which, we are assured, fell among the hail on the 7th Nov. 1492. It is like a blackish flint which had been in the fire, and whose circumference had been broken into several pieces; it is said to have weighed about three hundred pounds. These facts, say some, are so well attested, that one cannot entertain a doubt of them without being guilty of manifest temerity. 3. No one can deny that dust, sand, earth, and other materials, may be carried to a considerable height into the air by a whirlwind: now what can hinder these matters from mixing with sulphureous, bituminous, or oily exhalations, and with the moisture of the clouds, hardening together through their own weight, and the pressure of the air and clouds, so as to fall afterwards, when they can be no longer kept up? Or, the shower of stones mentioned by Joshua might happen thus: Flints might have been raised into the air by a blast or whirlwind from without, or by a fire and compressed air from within. The wisdom of the Almighty might so manage these causes, and so determine them, as to produce their effects at the time and in the circumstances proper for destroying the enemies of his people. Nothing, in one sense, is more natural than all this; nothing, in another sense, more miraculous. It is by no means necessary, therefore, to have recourse to a figurative sense, nor, as others have done, to the assistance of angels, to account for this miracle, since all that was supernatural in this event consisted merely in the directing of the tempest in such a manner as to make it fall on the heads of the Canaanites. <\/p>\n

II. Such, in substance, are the arguments urged in support of the literal sense. But to most commentators they seem very insubstantial; and not without reason. For, 1. That which Joshua calls stones, <\/em>he himself explains by hail-stones. <\/em>2. It is so understood by the LXX, Josephus, (Hist. Jud. lib. 5: cap. 1.) and the author of Sir 46:6<\/span>; Sir 46:3<\/span>. The showers of stones spoken of by so many writers have the appearance of fable, and merit little or no credit. See Scheuchzer, tom. iv. p. 106. 4. On the contrary, the fearful devastations of hail are determined by Scripture, Exo 9:23<\/span>; Exo 9:35<\/span>. <\/span>Eze 13:13<\/span>; Eze 22:5<\/span>. They are no less so by facts drawn from ancient and modern history, all absolutely incontestable. Let any one but open the Philosophical Transactions of our Royal Society, and he will see examples, taken not only from past ages, but almost from our own time, of hail-stones nearly half a pound in weight, which have ruined countries, and killed great numbers of men and beasts for seventy miles round. Such was the hail which fell in Suffolk the 17th of July 1666; that which oppressed the country about Lisle in 1686; that which happened in Wales in 1697; and, particularly, that which did so much damage in Staffordshire in the same year. We have, moreover, an account of the hail which in 1717 desolated Namur, and the whole country round it, the smallest pieces of which weighed a quarter of a pound, others a pound, others three, and some eight. All these events prove, that hail-stones alone are sufficient to have done that damage to the army of the Amorites which is mentioned by the sacred historian; so that nothing obliges us to have recourse to another explanation. 6. If then it be asked, wherein confirms the miracle? It is easily answered, that it is in the circumstances of the event, which happened in the very instant proper for assisting those to whom God had promised victory; and which, without doing any hurt to God’s protected people, destroyed his enemies, and was more fatal to them than the sword of the conquerors: an event that will always be considered as a miracle by every unprejudiced mind. God, for the working of miracles, has frequently employed the agency of second causes and natural phaenomena: frequently, without producing new beings, he only employs in a manner extraordinary, and impossible to any but himself, those beings which his hand has already formed. In the present case, perhaps, he might not form the hail by an immediate effort of his Omnipotence, and perhaps the impetuous wind which caused it to fall with full force from Beth-horon to Azekah, i.e. twelve or fourteen miles in extent, had nothing in it but what was natural; but the time when the thing happened, and the persons who suffered it, shew his hand too visibly for us to be able to overlook it. To conclude, fabulous story has imitated, or rather disfigured this wonderful event, by assuring us, that, at the prayer of Hercules, Jupiter sent a shower of hail upon Albion and Bergion. See Pomp. Mela. lib. 2: cap. 5. Calmet and Bibliotheque Raisonnee, tom. 29: p. 2 art. 8. <\/p>\n

Fuente: Commentary on the Holy Bible by Thomas Coke<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n

Jos 10:11 And it came to pass, as they fled from before Israel, [and] were in the going down to Bethhoron, that the LORD cast down great stones from heaven upon them unto Azekah, and they died: [they were] more which died with hailstones than [they] whom the children of Israel slew with the sword.<\/p>\n

Ver. 11. The Lord cast down great stones from heaven.<\/strong> ] Huge hailstones that brained the Canaanites, but hurt not the Israelites, that were at the heels of them. See the like in mystery, Rev 16:21 and perhaps it shall be fulfilled upon the antichristian rabble according to the letter.<\/p>\n

Fuente: John Trapp’s Complete Commentary (Old and New Testaments)<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n

heaven = the heavens; i.e. the clouds. <\/p>\n

Fuente: Companion Bible Notes, Appendices and Graphics<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n

the Lord: Gen 19:24, Exo 9:22-26, Jdg 5:20, Psa 11:6, Psa 18:12-14, Psa 77:17, Psa 77:18, Isa 28:2, Isa 30:30, Eze 13:11, Rev 11:19, Rev 16:21 <\/p>\n

Reciprocal: Exo 9:23 – and hail Deu 28:7 – flee before Jos 10:10 – Azekah Jos 10:13 – So the sun Jos 18:13 – Bethhoron 1Sa 13:18 – Bethhoron 1Sa 17:1 – Azekah 2Sa 18:8 – General 1Ch 6:68 – Bethhoron 2Ch 11:9 – Lachish Neh 9:22 – thou Job 27:22 – For God Job 36:31 – by Job 38:23 – General Psa 44:2 – how thou didst afflict Psa 147:17 – casteth Psa 148:8 – Fire Isa 24:18 – he who fleeth Isa 28:17 – and the hail Jer 34:7 – Lachish Eze 38:22 – an overflowing Hab 3:11 – at the light of thine arrows they went Hab 3:13 – thou woundedst Zec 9:14 – seen Rev 8:7 – hail<\/p>\n

Fuente: The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n

Jos 10:11. The Lord cast down great stones That is, hail-stones of an extraordinary greatness, cast down with that certainty as to hit the Canaanites, and not their pursuers the Israelites. Josephus affirms that thunder and lightning were mixed with the hail, which may seem probable from Hab 3:11. They had robbed the true God of his honour, by worshipping the host of heaven, and now the host of heaven fights against them, and triumphs in their ruin. Beth-horon lay north of Gibeon, Azekah and Makkedah south, so that they fled each way. But which way soever they fled, the hailstones pursued them. There is no fleeing out of the hands of God!<\/p>\n

Fuente: Joseph Bensons Commentary on the Old and New Testaments<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n

10:11 And it came to pass, as they fled from before Israel, [and] were in the going down to Bethhoron, that the LORD cast down great stones from heaven upon them unto Azekah, and they died: [they were] more which died with {d} hailstones than [they] whom the children of Israel slew with the sword.<\/p>\n

(d) So we see that all things serve to execute God’s vengeance against the wicked.<\/p>\n

Fuente: Geneva Bible Notes<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

And it came to pass, as they fled from before Israel, [and] were in the going down to Beth-horon, that the LORD cast down great stones from heaven upon them unto Azekah, and they died: [they were] more which died with hailstones than [they] whom the children of Israel slew with the sword. 11. were … Continue reading “Exegetical and Hermeneutical Commentary of Joshua 10:11”<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6084","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-commentary"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/bible-commentary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6084","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/bible-commentary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/bible-commentary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/bible-commentary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/bible-commentary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6084"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/bible-commentary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6084\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/bible-commentary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6084"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/bible-commentary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6084"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/bible-commentary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6084"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}