And when the words were heard which David spake<\/strong>,…. To one, and to another, and these reported to other persons, and so they went from one to another through many hands:<\/p>\n they rehearsed [them] before Saul<\/strong>; coming to the ears of some of his courtiers and counsellors, or officers about him, they told him what such an one had said:<\/p>\n and he sent for him<\/strong>; to his tent or pavilion where he was, to talk with him on this subject. The whole of 1Sa 17:11<\/span> is wanting in the Septuagint version, according to the Vatican exemplar; and these “twenty” verses are thought, by some e, to be an interpolation; and it must be owned there are difficulties in them, and that the connection of 1Sa 17:11<\/span> with the following is very clear and consistent, as also is 1Sa 17:50<\/span> left out in the same version; and likewise the last four of the chapter, 1Sa 17:55<\/span>, and five with which the next begins, 1Sa 18:1<\/span>.<\/p>\n e See Dr. Kennicott’s Dissert. 2. p. 418, &c.<\/p>\n David Meets Goliath.<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/I><\/span><\/P> <\/TD> B. C.<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/SPAN> 1060.<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/FONT><\/P> <\/TD> <\/TR> <\/TABLE> 31 And when the words were heard which David spake, they rehearsed them<\/I> before Saul: and he sent for him. 32 And David said to Saul, Let no man’s heart fail because of him; thy servant will go and fight with this Philistine. 33 And Saul said to David, Thou art not able to go against this Philistine to fight with him: for thou art but<\/I> a youth, and he a man of war from his youth. 34 And David said unto Saul, Thy servant kept his father’s sheep, and there came a lion, and a bear, and took a lamb out of the flock: 35 And I went out after him, and smote him, and delivered it<\/I> out of his mouth: and when he arose against me, I caught him<\/I> by his beard, and smote him, and slew him. 36 Thy servant slew both the lion and the bear: and this uncircumcised Philistine shall be as one of them, seeing he hath defied the armies of the living God. 37 David said moreover, The LORD<\/B> that delivered me out of the paw of the lion, and out of the paw of the bear, he will deliver me out of the hand of this Philistine. And Saul said unto David, Go, and the LORD<\/B> be with thee. 38 And Saul armed David with his armour, and he put a helmet of brass upon his head; also he armed him with a coat of mail. 39 And David girded his sword upon his armour, and he assayed to go; for he had not proved it.<\/I> And David said unto Saul, I cannot go with these; for I have not proved them.<\/I> And David put them off him.<\/P> David is at length presented to Saul for his champion (v.<\/I><\/span> 31<\/span>) and he bravely undertakes to fight the Philistine (v.<\/I><\/span> 32<\/span>): Let no man’s heart fail because of him.<\/I> It would have reflected too much upon the valour of his prince if he had said, Let not thy heart fail;<\/I> therefore he speaks generally: Let no man’s heart fail.<\/I> A little shepherd, come but this morning from keeping sheep, has more courage than all the mighty men of Israel, and encourages them. Thus does God often send good words to his Israel, and do great things for them, by the weak and foolish things of the world. David only desires a commission from Saul to go and fight with the Philistine, but says nothing to him of the reward he had proposed, because that was not the thing he was ambitious of, but only the honour of serving God and his country: nor would he seem to question Saul’s generosity. Two things David had to do with Saul:–<\/P> I. To get clear of the objection Saul made against his undertaking. “Alas!” says Saul, “thou hast a good heart to it, but art by no means an equal match for this Philistine. To engage with him is to throw away a life which may better be reserved for more agreeable services. Thou art but a youth,<\/I> rash and inconsiderate, weak and unversed in arms: he is a man that has the head and hands of a man, a man of war,<\/I> trained up and inured to it from his youth<\/I> (v.<\/I><\/span> 33<\/span>), and how canst thou expect but that he will be too hard for thee?” David, as he had answered his brother’s passion with meekness, so he answered Saul’s fear with faith, and gives a reason of the hope<\/I> which was in him that he should conquer the Philistine, to the satisfaction of Saul. We have reason to fear that Saul had no great acquaintance with nor regard to the word of God, and therefore David, in reasoning with him, fetched not his arguments and encouragements thence, how much soever he had an eye to it in his own mind. But he argues from experience; though he was but a youth, and never in the wars, yet perhaps he had done as much as the killing of Goliath came to, for he had had, by divine assistance, spirit enough to encounter and strength enough to subdue a lion once and another time a bear that robbed him of his lambs, v.<\/I><\/span> 34-36<\/span>. To these he compares this uncircumcised Philistine, looks upon him to be as much a ravenous beast as either of them, and therefore doubts not but to deal as easily with him; and hereby he gives Saul to understand that he was not so inexperienced in hazardous combats as he took him to be.<\/P> 1. He tells his story like a man of spirit. He is not ashamed to own that he kept his father’s sheep, which his brother had just now upbraided him with. So far is he from concealing it that from his employment as a shepherd he fetches the experience that now animated him. But he lets those about him know that he was no ordinary shepherd. Whatever our profession or calling is, be it ever so mean, we should labour to excel in it, and do the business of it in the best manner. When David kept sheep, (1.) He approved himself very careful and tender of his flock, though it was not his own, but his father’s. He could not see a lamb in distress but he would venture his life to rescue it. This temper made him fit to be a king, to whom the lives of subjects should be dear and their blood precious (Ps. lxxii. 14<\/span>), and fit to be a type of Christ, the good Shepherd, who gathers the lambs in his arms and carries them in his bosom<\/I> (Isa. xl. 11<\/span>), and who not only ventured, but laid down his life for his sheep.<\/I> Thus too was David fit to be an example to ministers with the utmost care and diligence to watch for souls, that they be not a prey to the roaring lion. (2.) He approved himself very bold and brave in the defence of his flock. This was that which he was now concerned to give proof of, and better evidence could not be demanded than this: “Thy servant not only rescued the lambs, but, to revenge the injury, slew both the lion and the bear.<\/I>“<\/P> 2. He applies his story like a man of faith. He owns (v.<\/I><\/span> 37<\/span>) it was the Lord that delivered him from the lion and the bear;<\/I> to him he gives the praise of that great achievement, and thence he infers, He will deliver me out of the hand of this Philistine.<\/I> “The lion and the bear were enemies only to me and my sheep, and it was in defence of my own interest that I attacked them; but this Philistine is an enemy to God and Israel, defies the armies of the living God,<\/I> and it is for their honour that I attack him.” Note, (1.) Our experiences ought to be improved by us as our encouragements to trust in God and venture in the way of duty. He that has delivered does and will. (2.) By the care which common Providence takes of the inferior creatures, and the protection they are under, we may be encouraged to depend upon that special Providence which surrounds the Israel of God. He that sets bounds to the waves of the sea and the rage of wild beasts can and will restrain the wrath of wicked men. Paul seems to allude to this of David (2Ti 4:17<\/span>; 2Ti 4:18<\/span>), I was delivered out of the mouth of the lion,<\/I> and therefore, I trust, the Lord shall deliver me.<\/I> And perhaps David here thought of the story of Samson, and encouraged himself with it; for his slaying a lion was a happy presage of his many illustrious victories over the Philistines in single combat. Thus David took off Saul’s objection against his undertaking, and gained a commission to fight the Philistine, with which Saul gave him a hearty good wish; since he would not venture himself, he prayed for him that would: Go, and the Lord be with thee,<\/I> a good word, if it was not spoken customarily, and in a formal manner, as too often it is. But David has somewhat to do likewise,<\/P> II. To get clear of the armour wherewith Saul would, by all means, have him dressed up when he went upon this great action (v.<\/I><\/span> 38<\/span>): He armed David with his armour,<\/I> not that which he wore himself, the disproportion of his stature would not admit that, but some that he kept in his armoury, little thinking that he on whom he now put his helmet and coat of mail must shortly inherit his crown and robe. David, being not yet resolved which way to attack his enemy, girded on his sword,<\/I> not knowing, as yet, but he should have occasion to make use of it; but he found the armour would but encumber him, and would be rather his burden than his defence, and therefore he desires leave of Saul to put them off again: I cannot go with these, for I have not proved them,<\/I> that is, “I have never been accustomed to such accoutrements as these.” We may suppose Saul’s armour was both very fine and very firm, but what good would it do David if it were not fit, or if he knew not how to manage himself in it? Those that aim at things above their education and usage, and covet the attire and armour of princes, forget that that is the best for us which we are fit for and accustomed to; if we had our desire, we should wish to be in our own coat again, and should say, “We cannot go with these;” we had therefore better go without them.<\/P> <\/p>\n (31) He sent for him.<\/strong>No doubt much more was said by the brave shepherd boy than the compiler of the history has preserved for us in the brief account here. David felt that supernatural strength had been communicated to him by the Spirit of God, which came upon him on the day of his anointing (1Sa. 16:13<\/span>), and it is probable that he had openly avowed his earnest desire of meeting the dreaded foe face to face. This had been reported to Saul.<\/p>\n David Offers To Take Up Goliath’s Challenge And Is Accepted By Saul As The Champion of Israel ( 1Sa 17:31-39<\/strong><\/span><\/strong> ). <\/p>\n <\/strong><\/p>\n Once again we should note that central to this passage also is the fact that the Philistine was defying the armies of the living God (1Sa 17:36<\/span>). As we have seen it is the theme of the whole chapter. And it was something that David in his great faith in YHWH felt that he could not allow. He was alive with concern for the honour of YHWH, and the honour of YHWH’s Name. And so because of such defiance the Philistine must be defeated. He must not be allowed to trample on the people of God. That was why David had no doubt of what would be the consequence of his accepting the challenge. It was because of his confidence that YHWH would be with him so as to defend His Name. There was nothing egotistical about it. It was rather that experience had demonstrated to him that in such challenges YHWH never failed. <\/p>\n Having been offered Saul’s own armour David finally rejects it and goes out in the clothing that he has always worn when acting under YHWH’s power and inspiration. The writer wants us to see that David is not Saul’s man, but YHWH’s man. What he accomplishes he does because the Spirit of YHWH is on him. He seeks no glory from man, only glory for YHWH. For he is YHWH’s replacement for Saul, YHWH’s chosen king. <\/p>\n Analysis. <\/p>\n a <\/strong> And when the words were heard which David spoke, they rehearsed them before Saul, and he sent for him. And David said to Saul, “Let no man’s heart fail because of him. Your servant will go and fight with this Philistine” (1Sa 17:31-32<\/span>) <\/p>\n b <\/strong> And Saul said to David, You are not able to go against this Philistine to fight with him, for you are but a youth, and he a man of war from his youth” (1Sa 17:33<\/span>). <\/p>\n c <\/strong> And David said to Saul, “Your servant was keeping his father’s sheep, and when there came a lion, or a bear, and took a lamb out of the flock, I went out after him, and smote him, and delivered it out of his mouth, and when he arose against me, I caught him by his beard, and smote him, and slew him (1Sa 17:34-35<\/span>). <\/p>\n d <\/strong> “Your servant smote both the lion and the bear, and this uncircumcised Philistine shall be as one of them, seeing he has defied the armies of the living God” (1Sa 17:36<\/span>). <\/p>\n c <\/strong> And David said, “YHWH Who delivered me out of the paw of the lion, and out of the paw of the bear, he will deliver me out of the hand of this Philistine” (1Sa 17:37<\/span> a). <\/p>\n b <\/strong> And Saul said to David, “Go, and YHWH will be with you”. And Saul clad David with his own clothing, and he put a helmet of bronze on his head, and he clad him with a coat of mail. And David girded his sword on his clothing, and he tried vainly to go, for he had not tested it (1Sa 17:37-38<\/span>). <\/p>\n a <\/strong> And David said to Saul, “I cannot go with these, for I have not proved them.” And David put them off him (1Sa 17:39<\/span>). <\/p>\n Note that in ‘a’ David offers to go and fight the Philistine as Saul’s servant, but in the parallel it is made clear that he does so not as Saul’s servant but as YHWH’s. He will act under YHWH’s protection, not Saul’s. In ‘b’ Saul declares that David is not ‘a man of war’, and in the parallel he vainly tries to make him one. In ‘c’ David describes his experiences with ‘the lion and the bear’, and in the parallel stresses that the same YHWH Who delivered him from ‘the lion and the bear’ will deliver him from this Philistine. Centrally in ‘d’ he guarantees that the Philistine will be dealt with in the same way as the lion and the bear because he has defied the armies of the living God. In other words, because he has challenged God Himself. <\/p>\n 1Sa 17:31<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n ‘<\/strong> And when the words were heard which David spoke, they rehearsed them before Saul, and he sent for him.’ <\/p>\n David’s words began to spread among the men. Possibly they provided some amusement in the midst of their fears. Possibly some were even offended. And his words the result was that they eventually reached Saul. When he heard that, ‘There is a young man who seems ready to take on the Philistine’, his ears pricked up. And in consequence Saul, who did not, of course, know the circumstances, immediately sent for this bold man. He must be a mighty warrior indeed. Perhaps here was the answer to his prayers. <\/p>\n He must thus have been very disappointed when the man who appeared before him was merely a teenager and one of his part time servants, and only a musician at that. And his dismay probably showed on his face. <\/p>\n 1Sa 17:32<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n ‘<\/strong> And David said to Saul, “Let no man’s heart fail because of him, your servant will go and fight with this Philistine.” ’ <\/p>\n Then David said to Saul, ‘Don’t worry. I will go and fight the Philistine.’ We must recognise what was behind this. It was not that David was arrogant. It was because he had such total confidence in YHWH that to him the situation was no-contest. For how could a barbarous Philistine ever expect to oppose YHWH? And we, of course, know the secret of why he thought like this. It was because the Spirit of YHWH was upon him. <\/p>\n 1Sa 17:33<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n ‘<\/strong> And Saul said to David, “You are not able to go against this Philistine to fight with him, for you art but a youth, and he a man of war from his youth.” ’ <\/p>\n Saul was simply incredulous. How could this teenager, brave and well built as he might be, hope to cope with the Philistine champion? It was impossible. Why he was only a youth with a shepherd’s staff, while Goliath had been a warrior from his youth. The whole situation was ludicrous. <\/p>\n 1Sa 17:34-36<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n ‘<\/strong> And David said to Saul, “Your servant was keeping his father’s sheep, and when there came a lion, or a bear, and took a lamb out of the flock, I went out after him, and smote him, and delivered it out of his mouth, and when he arose against me, I caught him by his beard, and smote him, and slew him. Your servant smote both the lion and the bear, and this uncircumcised Philistine shall be as one of them, seeing that he has defied the armies of the living God.” ’ <\/p>\n David’s reply was trusting but simple. When he had been keeping his father’s sheep there had often come a lion or a bear which had taken one of the lambs from the flock. And without any thought for his own safety (as a teenager he had no doubt thought himself invulnerable) he had gone after them, killed them, and rescued the lamb from their mouths. And if they had turned to rend him he had taken them by the beard and had smitten them and slain them. It had seemed the natural thing to do, for he believed with all his heart that YHWH was with him. So he had not given the matter a second thought (although no doubt his family had. But what could you do with someone like David?). <\/p>\n Then David applies the lesson. He had defeated the lion and the bear. So what to him was this uncircumcised, barbarous Philistine who had dared to defy the armies of the living God, in other words, had defied YHWH Himself? Could anyone be in any doubt what YHWH would do to him as well? To David it was incomprehensible that anyone could see it in any other way. <\/p>\n There were many lions and bears in Palestine in those days, roving on the mountains and in the forests, and especially found, in the case of lions, in the thickets of the Jordan rift valley. And when they were hungry and left their lairs in order to prowl for food they would be a terror to most of the inhabitants. And shepherds were always on the lookout for them. <\/p>\n There is for us here, in the thought of the lion and the bear, one of the most important lessons of our spiritual lives, and it is that if God is one day expecting us to face up to a Goliath in the future, He will make sure that we are prepared beforehand. That is why when we face trials we should recognise that they may well simply be preparations for the future. For He will never call on us to face tests to which we do not have an answer and for which He has not prepared us (1Co 10:13<\/span>). <\/p>\n 1Sa 17:37<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n ‘<\/strong> And David said, “YHWH who delivered me out of the paw of the lion, and out of the paw of the bear, he will deliver me out of the hand of this Philistine.” And Saul said to David, “Go, and YHWH will be with you.” ’ <\/p>\n Then David made his declaration of faith, and revealed his ultimate justification. YHWH Who had delivered him from ‘the hand’ of the lion and ‘the hand’ of the bear would deliver him from the hand of ‘this Philistine’ (his contempt for his opponent is made clear). Here was the reason for his courage. He had absolute faith in YHWH. <\/p>\n Saul was clearly impressed, certainly impressed enough, in the midst of his desperation, to consider it a possibility. And as he looked at this young man with his vibrant faith it almost seemed possible to him that this young man could achieve the impossible. For all knew that YHWH often did the impossible. Perhaps He would do it here. So he gave his permission. ‘Go,’ he said, ‘and YHWH will be with you.’ It was a pious hope and a policy of desperation, but What else was there? His hope, and the hope of all Israel, could only be that YHWH would somehow be with David and give him victory. That was what he was pinning his hopes on. The difference between Saul and David was that David did not just see it as a ‘hope’. He was confident that He would. <\/p>\n 1Sa 17:38-39<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n ‘<\/strong> And Saul clad David with his own clothing, and he put a helmet of brass on his head, and he clad him with a coat of mail. And David girded his sword on his clothing, and he made an effort to go, for he had not proved it. And David said to Saul, “I cannot go with these, for I have not proved them.” And David put them off him.’ <\/p>\n If David was to venture his life in this way the very least that Saul felt that he could do was to ensure that he had the best possible equipment. So he provided David with the ultimate in privilege. He clad him in the king’s clothing and armour. To give one’s own clothes to someone was to pay them the highest honour. It demonstrated they were under the giver’s protection and seen almost as his other self (compare 1Sa 18:4<\/span>). And indeed that was what David would now be, the king’s champion. ‘His own clothing’ probably referred to a special military dress designed to be worn with armour with the sword scabbard fastened to it. <\/p>\n David complied, for he had never worn armour before, although he had possibly tried on his brothers’ armour which would have been far less substantial. He was probably quite excited at the thought. ‘The king’s own armour!’ But once he had put the armour on he knew immediately that it just would not do. For when he tried to walk around in it he found it impossible. He realised that it would simply be a hindrance to him. It was far too much of an encumbrance for him for it to be suitable. He was just not used to it. He had not ‘proved it’. So he said to Saul, ‘I can’t go in these, I’m not used to them.’ <\/p>\n The significance behind this incident must be carefully noted. The writer wants us to recognise the fact that Saul was trying to make David act as his representative, fighting in his way, but that what was important for David was that he fought in YHWH’s way, allowing the Spirit of YHWH to act through him. If he went forward merely as Saul’s representative he would fail. <\/p>\n We should note that this does not teach us that we do not need to make the best preparation that we can when we serve God. But what it does teach us is that we must not seek to rise above what God has prepared us for. David did not disdain Saul’s armour because he was careless about his own safety, or because he was foolish, but simply because it was not what he was used to dealing with. He did not want to handicap himself by pretending to be what he was not. He wanted to be dressed in the way that he had been when YHWH had delivered him in the past. <\/p>\n 1Sa 17:31 And when the words were heard which David spake, they rehearsed [them] before Saul: and he sent for him.<\/p>\n Ver. 31. They rehearsed them before Saul.<\/strong> ] This was according to David’s desire: and for this it was that he so busied himself in all companies, by making those inquiries: for his fingers even itched to be taking off the head of that “dead dog,” which so howled against heaven.<\/p>\n David Trusts His Former Deliverer <\/p>\n 1Sa 17:31-40<\/p>\n David was conducted into Sauls presence-his soul aglow with heroic faith-avowing that he was willing to go alone to fight the Philistine. Saul, however, had no thought of power save that which comes from long practice, 1Sa 17:33, or from helmets and coats of mail, 1Sa 17:38-39; so he endeavored to dissuade the stripling. It was no small temptation to David to take a lower ground and retreat from his offer. Let us never listen to flesh and blood! They always say to us, after the manner of Peter at Caesarea Philippi, when our Lord spoke of His crucifixion and death, This shall not be unto thee; spare thyself. See Mat 16:22.<\/p>\n The point of Davids narrative of his encounter with the lion and the bear was entirely lost on Saul. The king regarded these exploits as solely the result of superior agility and sinewy strength. He did not fathom Davids meaning when the lad ascribed his success to the direct interposition of Jehovah, 1Sa 17:37. Already the underlying note of Psa 27:1-14 may have been haunting the young psalmists soul. Saul had no idea that faith opens new sources of power, touches new stops in the great organ, and accomplishes alliance with the Almighty. See Psa 20:7-8.<\/p>\n sent for him: Heb. took him, Pro 22:29, The preceding twenty verses, from the 1Sa 17:12, to the 1Sa 17:31, inclusive, the 1Sa 17:41, and from the 1Sa 17:54, to the end of this chapter, with the first 1Sa 18:1, and the 1Sa 18:9, 10th, 11th, 1Sa 18:17, 18th, and 19th, of chapter 18, are all wanting in the Vatican copy of the LXX; and they are supposed by Dr. Kennicott, and others, to be an interpolation. But, as Bp. Horsley observes, it appears, from many circumstances of the story, that David’s combat with Goliath was many years prior to Saul’s madness, and David’s introduction to him as a musician. In the first place, David was quite a youth when he engaged with Goliath – 1Sa 17:33, and 1Sa 17:42. When introduced to Saul he was of full age – 1Sa 16:18. Again, this combat was his first appearance in public life, and his first military exploit – 1Sa 17:36, 1Sa 17:38, 1Sa 17:39. When introduced as a musician, he was a man of established character, and a man of war – 1Sa 16:18. Now the just conclusion is, that the last ten verses of 1Sa 16:14, have been misplaced; their true place being between the ninth and tenth verses of Jos 18:9. Let them be removed there, and the whole apparent disorder will be removed. <\/p>\n Reciprocal: 1Sa 17:58 – Whose son<\/p>\n David’s qualifications to fight Goliath 17:31-40<\/span><\/p>\n When David volunteered to be Israel’s champion, Saul scoffed at him because he evaluated David’s chances for success solely in physical terms, as usual. The Hebrew word na’ar<\/span> translated "youth" (1Sa 17:33) usually describes an older teenager (cf. 1Sa 3:1).<\/p>\n "The opposite of the fear of the Lord is the fear of man. No greater contrast of these opposing fears could be presented than when David confronted Goliath. Saul and his men feared Goliath the man, but David by virtue of his fear of Yahweh did not." [Note: Homer Heater Jr., "Young David and the Practice of Wisdom," in Integrity of Heart, Skillfulness of Hands, p. 53.] <\/span><\/p>\n David responded that if that was the criterion Saul wanted to use, he had already defeated two formidable beasts (1Sa 17:34). However, David’s real confidence lay in the fact that Goliath had set himself against the living God (1Sa 17:36). David viewed Goliath as just another predator that was threatening the safety of God’s flock, Israel, and the reputation of Israel’s God. [Note: See T. A. Boogaart, "History and Drama in the Story of David and Goliath," Reformed Review 38 (1985):209.] <\/span> He gave credit to God for allowing him to kill the lion and the bear (1Sa 17:37). The same faith in Yahweh had inspired Jonathan’s deed of valor (1Sa 14:6). Saul again showed that he trusted in material things for success by arming David as he did (1Sa 17:38). Gordon wrote that Saul tried to turn David into an armadillo. [Note: Gordon, p. 157.] <\/span> David preferred the simple weapon that he could handle best (1Sa 17:40).<\/p>\n "Nothing comes more naturally to people than trying to get someone to fight our battles the way we would were we fighting them." [Note: Chafin, p. 145.] <\/span><\/p>\n Some students of this passage have suggested that David chose five stones because Goliath had four brothers, and he wanted to be ready to attack them too. However there is no indication in the text that David had any concern for them or even that they were present at this battle. He probably chose five stones simply so he would have some in reserve if his first shot missed its mark.<\/p>\n The sling David used was not the toy catapult with which children play, namely, a slingshot. It was an ancient offensive weapon that shepherds also used to control their sheep. Shepherds usually made a sling out of a long, thin strip of leather and formed a pouch in its middle. Talented slingers could propel small objects hundreds of feet at very high speeds with great accuracy (cf. Jdg 20:16). [Note: Unger’s Bible Dictionary, 1957 ed., s.v. "Armor, Arms."] <\/span> Pictures of slings and stones from this time show the stones typically being from two to three inches in diameter. [Note: See Ovid R. Sellers, "Sling Stones in Biblical Times," Biblical Archaeologist 2:4 (1939):41-42, 44.] <\/span> Probably David’s stones were about the size of a modern baseball or even larger. David beat Goliath, not with the weapons of a warrior, but with the tools of a shepherd. Critics of the Bible have tried to prove that David did not really kill Goliath as the Bible says. [Note: Norvelle Wallace Sharpe, "David, Elhanan, and the Literary Digest," Bibliotheca Sacra 86 (July 1929):319-26, rebutted such an attempt.] <\/span><\/p>\n And when the words were heard which David spoke, they rehearsed [them] before Saul: and he sent for him. And when the words were heard which David spake,…. To one, and to another, and these reported to other persons, and so they went from one to another through many hands: they rehearsed [them] before Saul; … Continue reading “Exegetical and Hermeneutical Commentary of 1 Samuel 17:31”<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7661","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-commentary"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/bible-commentary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7661","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/bible-commentary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/bible-commentary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/bible-commentary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/bible-commentary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7661"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/bible-commentary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7661\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/bible-commentary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7661"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/bible-commentary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7661"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/bible-commentary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7661"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}Fuente: John Gill’s Exposition of the Entire Bible<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
Fuente: Matthew Henry’s Whole Bible Commentary<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
Fuente: Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers (Old and New Testaments)<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
Fuente: Commentary Series on the Bible by Peter Pett<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
Fuente: John Trapp’s Complete Commentary (Old and New Testaments)<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
Fuente: F.B. Meyer’s Through the Bible Commentary<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
Fuente: The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
Fuente: Expository Notes of Dr. Constable (Old and New Testaments)<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"