22<\/strong>. measures<\/em> ] The Hebrew word is cor.<\/em> It is of the same capacity as the homer<\/em>, and is used both as a liquid and a dry measure (see 1Ki 5:11<\/span>). It contained 10 ephahs<\/em> in dry, and 10 baths<\/em> in liquid measure. According to the Rabbins the cor contained nearly 45 gallons, but Josephus gives a different value and makes it to be equal to nearly 87 gallons. According to one estimate Solomon’s dependants consumed about 1350 gallons of fine flour per day, according to the other about 2510 gallons, and twice as much meal. Bunsen ( Bibelwerk<\/em>) reckons 28000 lbs. of baked bread and concludes that the number of persons provided for was 15000.<\/p>\n Thirty measures – <\/B>(margin, cors) The cor, which was the same measure as the homer, is computed, on the authority of Josephus, at 86 English gallons, on the authority of the rabbinical writers at 44. Thirty cors, even at the lower estimate, would equal 1,320 gallons, or 33 of our sacks; and the 90 cors of fine and coarse flour would altogether equal 99 sacks. From the quantity of flour consumed, it has been conjectured that the number of those who fed at the royal board was 14,000.<\/P><\/p>\n 1Ki 4:22-23<\/span>; 1Ki 4:27-28<\/span><\/p>\n Solomons provisions for one day.<\/em><\/p>\n —<\/p>\n Solomons feast<\/strong><\/p>\n This would seem to be part of the Parable of the Prodigal Son before its time. This typical feast of Solomons has no reference to gluttony. We have read of Caligula, who would never eat bread unless it was <\/strong>gilded–had a coating of gold over the crust; but we are not commending such men in representing Solomons feast as the feast of fat things and wine upon the lees well refined, as being part of the viands and provision of the table of God, which is so abundantly–yea, lavishly–spread. When did God give just enough? When was there less at the end than there was at the beginning? When He had five loaves and fed five thousand, how many basketfuls of fragments took ye up? Let God be judged by the fragments, whoever found the loaves; let God be judged by the harvest, whoever lent the <\/strong>seed out of which it sprang. (J. Parker, D. D.<\/em>)<\/p>\n Verse 22<\/span>. Solomon’s provision for one day<\/B><\/I>: – <\/P> Of fine flour . . . . . . 30 measures, or cors<\/I>.<\/P> Of meal . . . . . . . . . 60 ditto.<\/P> Stall-fed oxen. . . . . . 10<\/P> Ditto from the pasture. . 20<\/P> Sheep . . . . . . . . . . 100; with harts, roebucks, fallow deer, and fat fowls.<\/P> The cor<\/I> was the same as the homer<\/I>, and contained nearly seventy-six gallons<\/I>, wine measure, according to Bishop Cumberland.<\/P> <\/P> Sheep<\/B><\/I>] tson<\/I>, comprehending both sheep and goats.<\/P> <\/P> Harts<\/B><\/I>] meaiyal<\/I>, the deer.<\/P> <\/P> Roebucks<\/B><\/I>] tsebi<\/I>, the gazal, antelope, or wild goat.<\/P> <\/P> Fallow deer<\/B><\/I>] yachmur<\/I>, the buffalo. See the notes on De 12:15<\/span>; De 14:5<\/span>.<\/P> <\/P> Fatted fowl.<\/B><\/I>] barburim abusim<\/I>, I suppose, means all the wild fowls<\/I> in season<\/I> during each month. Michaelis derives barburim<\/I> from bara<\/I>, which in Chaldee, Syriac, and Arabic, signifies a field<\/I>, a desert<\/I>; all that is without<\/I> the cities and habitations of men: hence cheyvath bara<\/I>, wild beasts, Da 2:38<\/span>, tor bar, wild bull; and therefore barburim<\/I> may signify creatures living in the fields, woods<\/I>, and deserts<\/I>, which are taken by hunting<\/I>, and opposed to those which are domesticated<\/I>; and, consequently, may include beasts<\/I> as well as fowls<\/I>. Many have translated the word capons<\/I>; but, query, was any such thing known among the ancient Jews? Solomon’s table, therefore, was spread with all the necessaries<\/I> and delicacies<\/I> which the house<\/I> or the field<\/I> could afford.<\/P> <\/P> But how immense must the number of men have been who were fed daily at the palace of the Israelitish king! Vilalpandus<\/I> computes the number to be not less than forty-eight thousand, six hundred<\/I>; and Calvisius makes, by estimation from the consumption of food, fifty-four thousand<\/I>! These must have included all his guards, each of whom received a ration<\/I> from the king’s store.<\/P> <\/p>\n Thirty measures, <\/B>Heb. cors<\/I>; each of which contained ten ephahs, Exo 16:36<\/span>. So this provision was sufficient for near three thousand persons. <\/P> Meal, <\/B>of a coarser sort, for common use, and for the inferior sort. <\/P> <\/p>\n 22, 23. Solomon’s provision for oneday<\/B>not for the king’s table only, but for all connected withthe court, including, besides the royal establishment, those of hisroyal consorts, his principal officers, his bodyguards, his foreignvisitors, c. The quantity of fine floor used is estimated at twohundred forty bushels that of meal or common flour at four hundredeighty. The number of cattle required for consumption, besidespoultry and several kinds of game (which were abundant on themountains) did not exceed in proportion what is needed in othercourts of the East.<\/P><\/p>\n And Solomon’s provision for one day was thirty measures of fine flour<\/strong>,…. The measure here used was the “corus”, or “cor”, the same with the homer, which was equal to ten ephahs, and, according to Bishop Cumberland w, held seventy five wine gallons and five pints, and somewhat more; by which may be known how many gallons of fine flour these thirty measures held, which were all consumed in one day:<\/p>\n and threescore measures of meal<\/strong>: sixty measures of a coarser sort, for the servants, not so finely dressed; the same measure is here used as before; and it is observed by some, that one cor is equivalent to six hundred forty eight Roman pounds, and allowing to one man two pounds a day for his food, there would be food enough for 29,160 men out of 90 times 648, or 58,320 pounds x. Others exaggerate the account; Vilalpandus says it would have sufficed 48,600 persons; Seth Calvisius 54,000, and Salianus 70,000 y; the Jews say z that he had 60,000 that ate at his table; that is, who were maintained at his court.<\/p>\n w Scripture Weights and Measures, ch. 3. p. 86. x Vid. Scheuchzer. Physic. Sacr. p. 516. y Vid. Witsii Miscellan. tom. 2. exercit. 10. sect. 26. z Shalshalet Hakabala, fol. 8. 2.<\/p>\n (22) Measures.<\/strong>The measure (cor<\/em>) <\/em>is variously estimated (from 86 to 42 gallons). In any case the quantity is very large, and, like the other notices of provisions supplied, indicates a vast number, probably several thousands, belonging to the royal household, court, and body-guard. The harts, roebucks, &c., whatever the exact meaning of each word may be, evidently denote the wild game, as distinct from the herds and flocks; the fatted fowl apparently signifies dainty food generally, as distinct from the staple of ordinary meat.<\/p>\n 22<\/strong>. <\/strong> Thirty measures of fine flour <\/strong> Or thirty cors, <\/em> about three hundred and forty bushels. <\/p>\n Threescore measures of meal <\/strong> About seven hundred bushels.<\/p>\n The Prosperity, Safety And Security Of Solomon’s Reign ( 1Ki 4:22-28<\/strong><\/span><\/strong> ). <\/p>\n <\/strong><\/p>\n There were few periods in Israel’s history when they enjoyed unbroken peace with no enemies coming over the horizon to spoil them, but Solomon’s long reign was one of them. For the common people there was not even a whiff of danger. Such battles as there were occurred far away. And so they prospered and felt secure. And that prosperity was reflected in the quantity of supplies constantly provided to the king for his wide household, the level of which demonstrated the greatness of their king. When they considered what Solomon had brought to the kingship they must have felt that the golden age was almost upon them. And they may well have felt that providing for his table was a price worth paying. <\/p>\n Analysis. <\/p>\n a <\/strong> And Solomon’s provision for one day was thirty measures of fine flour, and threescore measures of meal, ten fat oxen, and twenty oxen out of the pastures, and a hundred sheep, besides harts, and gazelles, and roebucks, and fatted fowl (1Ki 4:23<\/span>). <\/p>\n b <\/strong> For he had dominion over all the region on this side of the River, from Tiphsah even to Gaza, over all the kings on this side the River, and he had peace on all sides round about him (1Ki 4:24<\/span>). <\/p>\n c <\/strong> And Judah and Israel dwelt safely, every man under his vine and under his fig-tree, from Dan even to Beer-sheba, all the days of Solomon (1Ki 4:25<\/span>). <\/p>\n b <\/strong> And Solomon had forty thousand stalls of horses for his chariots, and twelve thousand horsemen (1Ki 4:26<\/span>). <\/p>\n a <\/strong> And those officers provided victuals for king Solomon, and for all who came to king Solomon’s table, every man in his month. They let nothing be lacking. Barley also and straw for the horses and swift steeds brought they to the place where the officers were, every man according to his charge (1Ki 4:27-28<\/span>). <\/p>\n Note that in ‘a’ we have details of the provisions for Solomon’s household, and in the parallel we have confirmation of those provisions to the household and a description of the details of the provisions for Solomon’s horses. In ‘b’ we learn of his complete dominion and control over the whole land and its kings from the Euphrates to Gaza, and in the parallel we learn of the source of that peace in his mighty armaments. Centrally in ‘c’ we have the idealistic picture of every man throughout the whole of Israel and Judah dwelling freely and without fear in possession of their own personal land. In centuries to come it would be that hope and dream that would keep men looking forward to the coming of the everlasting king, when all would enjoy such a situation permanently. <\/p>\n 1Ki 4:22-23<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n ‘<\/strong> And Solomon’s provision for one day was thirty measures (kors) of fine flour, and threescore measures (kors) of meal, ten fat oxen, and twenty oxen out of the pastures, and a hundred sheep, besides harts, and gazelles, and roebucks, and fatted fowl.’ <\/p>\n The size and prosperity of Solomon’s magnificent court comes out in the daily provisions required to keep them. There is no reason to doubt that these details come from official records. There was nothing limited about the extent or variety of their diet. It reflected one continual festival. But there is nothing grossly excessive about the details either. They are in fact directly comparable with the range of supplies for other royal courts in the ancient Near East as far apart as Mari and Egypt. The ‘kor’ was a large dry measure of around 220 litres\/1Ki 6:3<\/span> imperial bushels, (the equivalent of a ‘homer’ which was about 220 litres or 48 gallons). <\/p>\n Note the fattened oxen for the king’s own table in contrast to the oxen out of the pastures for the lesser participants. We are not sure what kind of ‘fowl’ were in mind, possibly geese or hens, or even more exotic birds which were seen as titbits. <\/p>\n 1Ki 4:24<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n ‘<\/strong> For he had dominion over all the region on this side of the River (or ‘of Beyond-the River’), from Tiphsah even to Gaza, over all the kings on this side the River, and he had peace on all sides round about him.’ <\/p>\n “Dominion”<\/strong> was either as Overlord, or by peace treaty in which he was a dominant partner. ‘Beyond the River’ was looking at it from the Mesopotamian aspect, i.e. ‘south of the River’. Tiphsah (Thapsacus) was ‘the ford’ at the Euphrates crossing, forming the north east boundary of the province. It was placed strategically on the great east-west trade route. Gaza represented the south western boundary. The idea is possibly that there was not an enemy in sight, the later troubles being conveniently sidelined, or alternately that he controlled (and benefited from) ‘all who passed through’ his area. <\/p>\n 1Ki 4:25<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n ‘<\/strong> And Judah and Israel dwelt safely, every man under his vine and under his fig-tree, from Dan even to Beer-sheba, all the days of Solomon.’ <\/p>\n This was ever seen by Israel as a description of ideal conditions when every man was free and possessed his own fruitful land (compare Mic 4:4<\/span>), and it would have been looked back on enviously by future centuries. It was a picture cited semi-mockingly by Sennacherib’s henchmen to the Jerusalem of Hezekiah (2Ki 18:31<\/span>), possibly suggesting that his intelligence service were well aware that it was a favourite way in Israel\/Judah of describing the ideal life. This was their idea of what life should be like, a picture of freedom and security and pleasant living (compare Mic 4:4<\/span>; Zec 3:10<\/span>, and see Deu 8:8<\/span>). In reality there would, of course, be many in the kingdom not enjoying such freedom, (there are always the poor among us), and large numbers of these ‘free citizens’ would themselves be required to participate in the building of the Temple as we shall shortly learn (something no doubt justified on religious grounds). But it does express how most in Israel probably saw themselves at the time, especially before Solomon began work on his grandiose schemes. ‘From Dan (in the north) to Beersheba (in the Negev)’ is a common description of Israel\/Judah as a whole (e.g. Jdg 20:1<\/span>; 1Sa 3:20<\/span>; etc.). <\/p>\n 1Ki 4:26<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n ‘<\/strong> And Solomon had forty thousand stalls of horses for his chariots, and twelve thousand horsemen.’ <\/p>\n Israel’s safety from attack was guaranteed by their military power. Solomon had stalls containing forty ‘thousands’ (eleph, military units) of horses for his chariots, and twelve military units of horsemen (chariot drivers). The Chronicler conveys the same idea when he speaks of ‘four thousand’ which signifies ‘forty hundreds (military units)’ (2Ch 9:25<\/span>). The size of a military unit of chariots would necessarily be much less than a military unit, say, of chariot drivers or footmen. <\/p>\n The numbers are not in any way excessive however we take them. Three or four centuries before Solomon, the king of the small, but wealthy, state of Ugarit was described as negotiating for 2,000 horses on just one single occasion, no doubt in addition to what he already possessed. It is not therefore surprising that Solomon should have full stables. The charioteers would not be standing by all the time. They would spend part of their time at home, living in their home cities and seeing to their fields, being called upon when necessary. We can compare for this the situation in Ugarit, where the literature contains lists of towns together with the names of the charioteers living in them, waiting to be called on when needed. <\/p>\n 1Ki 4:27<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n ‘<\/strong> And those officers provided victuals for king Solomon, and for all who came to king Solomon’s table, every man in his month. They let nothing be lacking.’ <\/p>\n The tax officers appointed by Solomon faithfully carried out their responsibilities, providing victuals for Solomon and all who came to his table, and ensuring that no lack of provision ever occurred. Every good thing was provided. <\/p>\n 1Ki 4:28<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n ‘<\/strong> Barley also and straw for the horses and swift steeds brought they to the place where they were, every man according to his charge.’ <\/p>\n The tax officers also fulfilled the responsibility with which they had been charged and ensured that that there was sufficient barley and straw for the horses, and ‘swift steeds’ (horses for the use of messengers?), although the latter may signify ‘horses alongside’, i.e. trainee chariot horses. <\/p>\n The prosperity of the kingdom always depends on faithful servants, often unsung, for we are all called on by our Lord Jesus Christ to ‘feed my sheep’. It is as we faithfully fulfil this task that the Kingly Rule of God will advance and spread. But let us once fail in this responsibility and the kingdom will suffer. That is why in His parable our Lord Jesus Christ constantly urged on us the need to be ‘faithful servants’ (e.g. Luk 12:35-48<\/span>; Luk 19:12-27<\/span>). <\/p>\n (22) And Solomon’s provision for one day was thirty measures of fine flour, and threescore measures of meal, (23) Ten fat oxen, and twenty oxen out of the pastures, and an hundred sheep, beside harts, and roebucks, and fallowdeer, and fatted fowl. (24) For he had dominion over all the region on this side the river, from Tiphsah even to Azzah, over all the kings on this side the river: and he had peace on all sides round about him.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n The provision for Solomon means for his court and servants. But what an astonishing allowance, and this not for an occasional feast, but for every day’s table. One of the old writers hath computed that the bread and flesh here set down would afford ample food, even as a feast, for nearly fifty thousand men. But Reader! after having our astonishment carried to the utmost stretch, in considering such a daily supply for such a multitude; how infinitely short doth this fall of the daily supply of our Jesus’s table. He openeth his hand, and filleth all things living, both in providence and grace, with plenteousness! What a thought! David, after enumerating the several works of inanimate creation, speaks in one of his psalms of the animated part, and breaks out into those devout expressions; these wait all upon thee that thou mayest give them their meat in due season. Psa 104:27<\/span> . Reader! let us cherish this thought, for it is a very sweet and refreshing one. Jesus feeds his people. Jesus keeps a daily, nay an hourly court: a constant table. He still receiveth sinners, and eateth with them. He will not remit the bounties of his house, neither will he send the poor and the hungry empty away. If, dearest Lord! in the days of thy flesh thou didst supply the wants of thousands in the wilderness, by multiplying a few loaves and fishes into ample food for all; surely thou wilt not relax in thy mercy now, when all power is thine in heaven and in earth! Thou wilt feed thine hidden ones with the bread that is handed in secret, and give them to eat of that bread which perisheth not in the using, but endureth unto everlasting life. Lord! (I would say for myself and for all thy people), evermore give us this bread, which is thyself. Joh 6:33-35<\/span> .<\/p>\n 1Ki 4:22 And Solomon’s provision for one day was thirty measures of fine flour, and threescore measures of meal,<\/p>\n Ver. 22. Thirty measures of fine flour.<\/strong> ] Heb., Cors or homers, the greatest measure mentioned in Scripture. And for fine flour, <\/p>\n “ Non poteris similae dotes numerare nec usus.<\/em> ” – Martial,<\/em> lib. xiii.<\/p>\n provision. Hebrew bread, put by Figure of speech Synecdoche (of the Species) for all kinds of food. App-6. <\/p>\n provision: Heb. bread <\/p>\n measures: Heb. cors, 1Ki 4:22 <\/p>\n Reciprocal: 1Sa 8:12 – and will set 1Ki 5:11 – measures 1Ki 10:5 – the meat 1Ki 12:4 – our yoke 2Ch 9:4 – the meat Neh 5:18 – Now that Pro 24:4 – General Ecc 5:11 – they Isa 3:7 – neither bread Dan 1:5 – a daily<\/p>\n 1Ki 4:22-23. Thirty measures of fine flour Hebrew, cors; each of which contained ten ephahs. So this provision was sufficient for near three thousand persons. Meal Of a coarser sort for common use. Ten fat oxen Fatted in stalls. Out of pastures Well fleshed, tender, and good, though not so fat as the former.<\/p>\n And Solomon’s provision for one day was thirty measures of fine flour, and threescore measures of meal, 22. measures ] The Hebrew word is cor. It is of the same capacity as the homer, and is used both as a liquid and a dry measure (see 1Ki 5:11). It contained 10 ephahs in dry, and … Continue reading “Exegetical and Hermeneutical Commentary of 1 Kings 4:22”<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8878","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-commentary"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/bible-commentary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8878","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/bible-commentary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/bible-commentary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/bible-commentary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/bible-commentary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8878"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/bible-commentary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8878\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/bible-commentary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8878"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/bible-commentary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8878"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/bible-commentary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8878"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}Fuente: The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
Fuente: Albert Barnes’ Notes on the Bible<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
Fuente: Biblical Illustrator Edited by Joseph S. Exell<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
<\/P> Fuente: Adam Clarke’s Commentary and Critical Notes on the Bible<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
Fuente: English Annotations on the Holy Bible by Matthew Poole<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
Fuente: Jamieson, Fausset and Brown’s Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible <\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
Fuente: John Gill’s Exposition of the Entire Bible<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
Fuente: Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers (Old and New Testaments)<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
Fuente: Whedon’s Commentary on the Old and New Testaments<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
Fuente: Commentary Series on the Bible by Peter Pett<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
Fuente: Hawker’s Poor Man’s Commentary (Old and New Testaments)<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
Fuente: John Trapp’s Complete Commentary (Old and New Testaments)<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
Fuente: Companion Bible Notes, Appendices and Graphics<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
Fuente: The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
Fuente: Joseph Bensons Commentary on the Old and New Testaments<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"