One under obligations, whether pecuniary or moral, Mat 23:16 1Ch 1:14 Gal 5:3 . If the house, cattle, or goods of a Hebrew would not meet his debts, his land might be appropriated for this purpose until the year of Jubilee, or his person might be reduced into servitude till he had paid his debt by his labor, or till the year of Jubilee, which terminated Hebrew bondage in all cases, Lev 25:29-41 2Ki 4:1 Neh 5:3-5 .<\/p>\n
(, chob, debt, Eze 18:7; , ower of money, Luk 7:41; Luk 16:5;. elsewhere simply . See generally the prop. Hebrew words , G, Gesenius, Thes. eb. p. 920. The Mosaic laws respecting pecuniary obligations differ in many points from those of modern nations, but this is no proof that they were not suitable to the people for whom they were designed, and it is certain that they are pervaded by a spirit of kindness to the debtor to which no parallel is to be found in the codes of antiquity. SEE LOAN. Though they at least tacitly allow of the sale of a debtor as a slave (Lev 25:39-40), they also direct that his treatment shall be that of an hired servant and a sojourner, while the law of the Twelve Tables authorized putting an insolvent debtor to death, and both Grecian and Roman history abound with instances of the disturbances caused in those states by the severity with which this class was dealt with. The laws of Moses are, however, by no means regardless of the rights of creditors, as we find that persons who had property due to them might, if they chose, secure it either by means of a mortgage, or by a pledge, or by a bondsman or surety. The chief provisions in the Scripture on the subject are the following:<\/p>\n
1. The creditor, when about to receive a pledge for a debt, was not allowed to enter the debtor’s house and take what he pleased, but was to wait before the door till the debtor should deliver up the pledge with which he could most easily dispense (Deu 24:10-11; Job 22:6; Job 24:3; Job 24:7; Job 24:9).<\/p>\n
2. When a mill, or mill-stone, or an upper garment was given as a pledge, it was not to be kept all night. These articles appear to be mentioned as examples for all other things which the debtor could not without great inconvenience dispense with (Exo 22:26-27; Deu 24:6; Deu 24:12).<\/p>\n
3. The debt which remained unpaid until the seventh or Sabbatic year (during which the soil was to be left without cultivation, and, consequently, a person was not supposed to be in a condition to make payments) could not be exacted during that period (Deu 15:1-11). But at other times, in case the debt was not paid, the creditors might seize, first, the hereditary land of the debtor, and enjoy its produce until the debt was paid, or at least until the year of jubilee; or, secondly, his houses. These might be sold in perpetuity, except those belonging to the Levites (Lev 25:14; Lev 25:32). Thirdly, in case the house or land was not sufficient to cancel the debt, or if it so happened that the debtor had none, the person of the debtor might be sold, together with his wife and children, if he had any. This is implied in Lev 25:39, and this custom is alluded to in Job 24:9. It existed in the time of Elisha (2Ki 4:1), and on the return of the Jews from the Babylonish captivity some rich persons exercised this right over their poor debtors (Neh 5:13). Our Lord alludes to the same custom in Mat 18:25. As the person of the debtor might thus be seized and sold, his cattle and furniture were undoubtedly liable for his debts (Pro 22:27). It does not appear that imprisonment for debt existed in the age of Moses, but it seems to have prevailed in the time of our Savior (Mat 18:34).<\/p>\n
4. If a person had become bondsman or surety for another, he was liable to be called upon for payment in the same way with the original debtor. But this practice does not appear to have obtained before the time of Solomon, when it was attended with serious consequences. It seems that the formality observed was for the person who became surety to give his hand to the debtor, and not to the creditor, to intimate that he became, in a legal sense, one with the debtor; for Solomon cautions his son against giving his hand to a stranger, to a person whose circumstances he did not know; and entreats him to go and urge the person to whom he had given his hand, or for whom he had become surety, to pay his own debt (Pro 11:15; Pro 17:18; Pro 22:26), SEE DEBT.<\/p>\n
Various regulations as to the relation between debtor and creditor are laid down in the Scriptures.<\/p>\n
(1.<\/strong>) The debtor was to deliver up as a pledge to the creditor what he could most easily dispense with (Deut. 24:10<\/span>, 11<\/span>).<\/p>\n (2.<\/strong>) A mill, or millstone, or upper garment, when given as a pledge, could not be kept over night (Ex. 22:26<\/span>, 27<\/span>).<\/p>\n (3.<\/strong>) A debt could not be exacted during the Sabbatic year (Deut. 15:1-15<\/span>).<\/p>\n For other laws bearing on this relation See Lev. 25:14<\/span>, 32<\/span>, 39<\/span>; Matt. 18:25<\/span>, 34<\/span>.<\/p>\n (4.<\/strong>) A surety was liable in the same way as the original debtor (Prov. 11:15<\/span>; 17:18<\/span>).<\/p>\n Laws concerning<\/p>\n Exo 21:2-6<\/span>; Exo 22:10-15<\/span>; Lev 25:14-17<\/span>; Lev 25:25-41<\/span>; Lev 25:47-55<\/span>; Neh 10:31<\/span>; Mat 5:25-26<\/span>; Mat 5:40<\/span>; Mat 18:25<\/span> <\/p>\n \n Unclassified scriptures relating to<\/p>\n 2Ki 4:1-7<\/span>; Neh 5:3-5<\/span>; Job 20:18-19<\/span>; Mat 18:23-33<\/span>; Luk 20:9-16<\/span> Creditor<\/span>; Debt<\/span>; Surety<\/span> <\/p>\n Debtor. See Loan.<\/p>\n “one who owes anything to another,” primarily in regard to money; in Mat 18:24<\/span>, “who owed” (lit., “one was brought, a debtor to him of ten thousand talents”). The slave could own property, and so become a “debtor” to his master, who might seize him for payment. <\/p>\n It is used metaphorically, (a) of a person who is under an obligation, Rom 1:14<\/span>, of Paul, in the matter of preaching the Gospel; in Rom 8:12<\/span>, of believers, to mortify the deeds of the body; in Rom 15:27<\/span>, of gentile believers, to assist afflicted Jewish believers; in Gal 5:3<\/span>, of those who would be justified by circumcision, to do the whole Law: (b) of those who have not yet made amends to those whom they have injured, Mat 6:12<\/span>, “our debtors;” of some whose disaster was liable to be regarded as a due punishment, Luk 13:4<\/span> (RV, “offenders;” AV, sinners;” marg., “debtors”). <\/p>\n<\/p>\n lit., “a debt-ower” (chreos, “a loan, a debt,” and No. 1), is found in Luk 7:41<\/span>, of the two “debtors” mentioned in the Lord’s parable addressed to Simon the Pharisee, and in Luk 16:5<\/span>, of the “debtors” in the parable of the unrighteous steward. This parable indicates a system of credit in the matter of agriculture. In the Sept., Job 31:37<\/span>, “having taken nothing from the debtor;” Pro 29:13<\/span>, “when the creditor and the debtor meet together.” The word is more expressive than No. 1. <\/p>\n Note: In Mat 23:16<\/span> opheilo, “to owe” (see DEBT), is translated “he is a debtor.” The RV marg., keeping the verbal form, has “bound by his oath” (AV, marg., “bound”). In the 18th verse the AV, “he is guilty,” means that he is under obligation to make amends for his misdeeds. <\/p>\n DEBTOR One under obligations, whether pecuniary or moral, Mat 23:16 1Ch 1:14 Gal 5:3 . If the house, cattle, or goods of a Hebrew would not meet his debts, his land might be appropriated for this purpose until the year of Jubilee, or his person might be reduced into servitude till he had paid his … Continue reading “Debtor”<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-42051","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-encyclopedic-dictionary"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/dictionaries\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42051","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/dictionaries\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/dictionaries\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/dictionaries\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/dictionaries\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=42051"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/dictionaries\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42051\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/dictionaries\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=42051"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/dictionaries\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=42051"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/dictionaries\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=42051"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}Fuente: Easton’s Bible Dictionary<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
Debtor<\/h2>\n
Fuente: Nave’s Topical Bible<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
Debtor<\/h2>\n
Fuente: Smith’s Bible Dictionary<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
Debtor<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
Fuente: Vine’s Dictionary of New Testament Words<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"