See CORN.<\/p>\n
(, tachan’, to crush small, Exo 32:20; Deu 9:21; specially with a hand-mill, Jdg 16:21; Num 11:8; also tropically, to oppress the poor by exaction, Isa 3:15. In the expression ‘”let my wife grind for another,” Job 21:10, it is put as the picture of abject poverty and degradation, i.e. let her become his mill- wench or menial; comp. Exo 11:5; Isa 47:2). SEE GRITS. <\/p>\n
In the earliest ages men took the pains to roast the kernels of grain (Serv. ad AEn. i, 184), and to pound them (Pliny, 18:23) in a mortar ( ) with a pestle (comp. Num 11:8), and this method of preparing it is still common (in small encampments) among the modern Arabs (Burckhardt, Wahaby, p. 36). Yet the hand-mill (, , ) is an ancient invention (see Virgil. Morel. 19), for it was early employed by the Hebrews (Num 11:8), and continued in use by them to the latest age (being often alluded to in the Talmud under the name , or ) and is still in common use (in villages) among the Orientals (Niebuhr, Beschr. p. 51; Trav. i, 150; comp. Labordei, Commentaire, p. 58). It consisted of two millstones (Plaut. Asinar. ii, 1, 16); the upper one (, the rider, Deu 24:6; 2Sa 11:21; or, fully, , the rider. piece, Jdg 9:53; in Greek, or , Lat. catillus) was movable and slightly concave, so as to fit the surface of the stationary lower one ( , Job 41:16; Gr. , Lat. meta). It was (in poor families) worked by the women (Shaw, Trav. p. 202; Jollife, Trav. p. 377 Burckhardt, Arab. p. 187; Robinson, ii, 405,650; Wellsted, Trav. i, 249; Thomson, Land and Book, ii, 295; see Wilkinson, Anc. Egypt. ii, 223; comp. Mishna, Tohor. 7:4), but in large households, where it was severe toil (Artemid. ii, 42), by slaves (Arvieux, Voy. iii, 204; Burckhardt, Arab. p. 187), as a female employment (Mat 24:41; Luk 17:35), and that of the most menial kind (Exo 11:5; Isa 47:2; Job 31:10; comp. Ecc 12:3; see Odys. 7:103 sq.; Simonid. Iamb. 85 sq.; Plaut. Merc. ii, 3, 62; Theophr. Char. 5; Aristoph. Nub. 1358; Callimach. in Del. 242), but also as a male task, especially in punishment (Jdg 16:21; Lam 5:13; compare Terent. Andr. i, 2, 29; Plant. Paen. v, 3, 33; Asinar. i, 1, 16; Epidic. i, 2, 42; Mostell. i, i, 16; Polluc. Onom. iii, 8; Cic. Quint. i, 2, 4; see Cod. Theodos. 14:3, 7), such culprits being closely fettered (Terent. Phorm. ii, 3, 19; Plaut. Pers. i, 1, 21 sq.), and even blinded (Jdg 16:21), by which means the giddiness arising from per(see Herod. 4:2, and compare the tradition that king Zedekiah was thus treated, Ewald, Isr. Gesch. iii, 445). <\/p>\n
An allusion to the noise of these mills, as being somewhat pleasing to the domestic ear (like that of a modern coffee-mill, which conveys an intimation of home comforts), seems to be contained in Jer 25:10; Ecc 12:4; Rev 18:22; others, however, consider these passages to refer to the singing, or rather screaming, of the females employed, as a means of diversion during their toil, or to drown the grating of the millstones (Hackett, Illustra. of Script. p. 80). It was not lawful to distrain the family hand-mill for debt (Deu 24:6). In later times large mills, worked by asses, were used ( Buxtorf, Lexicon Chald. 2252), as by the-Greeks ( , Mat 18:6) and Romans (asini molarii, Varro, R. R. i, 19, 5; Colum. 7:1; Cato, R. R.x, 4; Ovid, Fast. 6:3187 Lucian. Asin. 38:42; Apulej. Metam. 7:p. 153, Bip.; Digest. 33:7, 18), and as are still found in the East (Burckhardt, Spruchv. p. 41; Robinson, i. 161; Russel, Aleppo, i, 100). (On the subject generally, see F. L. Goetze, De pistrinis vet. Cygn. 1730; also in Ugolini Thesaur. xxix; Hoheisel, De molis mannalibus vet. Gedani, 1728; also in Ugolini, lb.; Beckmann, Erfind. ii, I sq.; Mongoz, in the Memoires de l’Institut Roy-ale, class, d’hist, iii, 441 sq.). SEE MILL.<\/p>\n
The GRINDERS (, tochanoth’, fem. ones grinding, by allusion to females so employed) of Eccles. 13:3, are evidently the teeth, whose decay is an evidence of old age (comp. tachanah’, mill “grinding,” Eccles. 13:4). SEE CAPER-PLANT.<\/p>\n
(Ex. 32:20<\/span>; Deut. 9:21<\/span>; Judg. 16:21<\/span>), to crush small (Heb. tahan); to oppress the poor (Isa. 3:5<\/span>). The hand-mill was early used by the Hebrews (Num. 11:8<\/span>). It consisted of two stones, the upper (Deut. 24:6<\/span>; 2 Sam. 11:21<\/span>) being movable and slightly concave, the lower being stationary. The grinders mentioned Eccl. 12:3<\/span> are the teeth. (See MILL<\/span>)<\/p>\n signifies “to grind at the mill,” Mat 24:41<\/span>; Luk 17:35<\/span>. The Sept. has both the earlier form aleo, Isa 47:2<\/span>, and the later one aletho, used in the Koine period, Num 11:8<\/span>; Jdg 16:21<\/span>; Ecc 12:3-4<\/span>. <\/p>\n<\/p>\n primarily of animal sounds, “to chirp, cry,” etc., is used of grinding the teeth, Mar 9:18<\/span>, RV, “grindeth” (AV, “gnasheth with”). See GNASH. <\/p>\n Note: In Mat 21:44<\/span>; Luk 20:18<\/span>, likmao, “to winnow,” as of grain, by throwing it up against the wind, to scatter the chaff and straw, hence has the meaning “to scatter,” as chaff or dust, and is translated “will scatter … as dust,” RV (AV, “will grind … to powder”). In the Sept. it is used of being scattered by the wind or of sifting (cp. Amo 9:9<\/span>). The use of the verb in the papyri writings suggests the meaning, “to ruin, destroy” (Deissmann). <\/p>\n See MILL.<\/p>\n Job 31:10 (b) This is a symbol of subserviency and recompense. Isa 3:15 (b) By this symbol is indicated the cruel hardships placed upon the poor by the powerful rich.<\/p>\n Mat 21:44 (a) This figure indicates the power of GOD to punish His enemies and the power of CHRIST to punish those who reject and refuse Him. (See Luk 20:18).<\/p>\n GRIND See CORN. Fuente: American Tract Society Bible Dictionary Grind (, tachan’, to crush small, Exo 32:20; Deu 9:21; specially with a hand-mill, Jdg 16:21; Num 11:8; also tropically, to oppress the poor by exaction, Isa 3:15. In the expression ‘”let my wife grind for another,” Job 21:10, it is put as the picture of … Continue reading “Grind”<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-52118","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-encyclopedic-dictionary"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/dictionaries\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/52118","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/dictionaries\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/dictionaries\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/dictionaries\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/dictionaries\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=52118"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/dictionaries\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/52118\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/dictionaries\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=52118"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/dictionaries\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=52118"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.biblia.work\/dictionaries\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=52118"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}Fuente: Easton’s Bible Dictionary<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
Grind<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
Fuente: Vine’s Dictionary of New Testament Words<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
Grind<\/h2>\n
Fuente: Biblical and Theological Dictionary<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n
Grind<\/h2>\n
Fuente: Wilson’s Dictionary of Bible Types<\/b><\/i><\/h4>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"