Acre
Acre
Formerly Saint Jean d’Acre. Seaport, Palestine, lying north of Mount Carmel, and west of the mountains of Galilee. Under the Romans it was called Ptolemais. Saint Paul landed here on his way from Asia Minor to Jerusalem (Acts, 21).
Fuente: New Catholic Dictionary
Acre
(SAINT-JEAN-D’ACRE).
In Hebrew Accho, in the Books of Machabees Ptolemais, in Greek writers Ake (Arke), in Latin writers Ace or Acce, in Assyrian inscriptions Ak-ku-u, in modern Arabic Akka.
Acre is a Syrian seaport on the Mediterranean, in a plain with Mount Carmel on the south, and the mountains of Galilee on the east. Though choked up with sand, it is one of the best harbours on the Syrian coast. The city was built by the Chanaanites, and given to the tribe of Aser (Judges 1:31), but not conquered (Joshua 19:24-31). It is mentioned in Mich., i, 10. It was taken by Sennacherib the Assyrian (704-680 B.C.), passed into the power of Tyre, of the Seleucid kings of Syria, and the Romans. At the time of the Macchabees it belonged for a short time to the sanctuary in Jerusalem by gift of Demetrius Soter (1 Maccabees 10:12, 13). The Emperor Claudius granted Roman municipal rights to the town; hence it received the name “Colonia Claudii Caesaris.” St. Paul visited its early Christian community (Acts 21:7). The city was taken by the Moslems A.D. 638, by the Crusaders A.D. 1104, again by the Moslems A.D. 1187, by the Crusaders again A.D. 1191 and finally by the Moslems A.D. 1291. Though Napoleon could not conquer it in 1799, it was taken by the Viceroy of Egypt in 1832, but reconquered by the Sultan in 1840. Till about 1400 it was the see of a Latin bishop; it has also been the residence of a few Jacobite bishops, and has now a Melchite bishop who is subject to the Patriarch of Antioch.
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HAGEN, Lexicon Biblicum (Paris, 1905); NEHER in Kirchenlex., LEGENDRE in VIG., Dict. de la bible (Paris, 1895); EWING in HASTINGS, Dict. of the Bible (New York, 1903).
A.J. MAAS
The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume ICopyright © 1907 by Robert Appleton CompanyOnline Edition Copyright © 2003 by K. KnightNihil Obstat, March 1, 1907. Remy Lafort, S.T.D., CensorImprimatur. +John Cardinal Farley, Archbishop of New York
Fuente: Catholic Encyclopedia
Acre (1)
(SAINT-JEAN D’ACRE)
Ptolemais, a titular metropolis in Phoenicia Prima, or Maritima. The city of Acre, now Saint-Jean d’Acre, was called Ptolemais in 281 or 267 B.C., by Ptolemy II, surnamed Philadelphus, and since then this name has subsisted conjointly with the primitive one, at least as the official name. Quite early it possessed a Christian community visited by St. Paul (Acts 21:7). The first bishops known are: Clarus, present about 190 at a council held concerning the observance of Easter; Æneas, at Nicæa, 325, and at Antioch, 341; Nectabus at Constantinople, 381; Antiochus, friend and later adversary of St. John Chrysostom, and author of some lost works; Helladius at Ephesus, 431; Paul at Antioch, 445, and at Chalcedon, 451; John in 518; George at Constantinople, 553 (Le Quien, “Oriens christianus”, II, 813). The see was a suffragan of Tyre, which then depended on the Patriarchate of Antioch. With the Latin conquest the province of Tyre was attached to the Patriarchate of Jerusalem. Latin bishops resided there, and a list of them from 1133 to 1263 may be found in Eubel (Hier. Cath. med. ævi, I, 66). From this date to the taking of the city by the Arabs in 1291 the bishopric was governed by the Patriarch of Jerusalem. Concerning the titular bishops up to 1592 see Eubel, op. cit., I, also II, 88; III, 105. The official list of the Roman Curia (Rome, 1884) does not mention Ptolemais as a bishopric, but it may have been known as an archbishopric. The Greeks elevated the see to the rank of metropolitan depending on the Patriarchate of Jerusalem. This occurred before 1672, when Joasaph, present at the Council of Jerusalem, was qualified as metropolitan; the same conditions now exist. The Melkite, or Greek, metropolis numbers 10,000 faithful, 36 priests, 30 churches or chapels, 17 schools, 3 orphanages, and a monastery of 23 monks. There is a Latin parish directed by the Franciscans, a hospital, school for boys, the Ladies of Nazareth with a school, and a Protestant school and hospital of the Church Missionary Society.
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VAILHÉ in Dict. d’hist. et de géog. eccl. (Paris, 1910), s. v. Acre, Saint-Jean d’, with an important bibliography.
S. PÉTRIDÈS. Transcribed by Douglas J. Potter Dedicated to the Immaculate Heart of the Blessed Virgin Mary
The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume XIICopyright © 1911 by Robert Appleton CompanyOnline Edition Copyright © 2003 by K. KnightNihil Obstat, June 1, 1911. Remy Lafort, S.T.D., CensorImprimatur. +John Cardinal Farley, Archbishop of New York
Fuente: Catholic Encyclopedia
Acre
is put by our translators (Isa 5:10) for , tse’ med, which properly means a yoke, i.e. as much land as a yoke of oxen can plough in a day. So the Latin jugerum, an acre, from jugum, a yoke. SEE MEASURE. In 1Sa 14:14, the word acre is supplied in our translation after , a furrow, which is omitted (see margin).
SEE ACCHO.
Fuente: Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature
Acre
is the translation of a word (tse’med), which properly means a yoke, and denotes a space of ground that may be ploughed by a yoke of oxen in a day. It is about an acre of our measure (Isa. 5:10; 1 Sam. 14:14).
Fuente: Easton’s Bible Dictionary
Acre
ACRE.See Weights and Measures.
Fuente: Hastings’ Dictionary of the Bible
Acre (1)
aker, aker. See ACCO.
Fuente: International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
Acre (2)
aker (, cemedh): A term of land-measurement used twice in the English versions of the Bible (Isa 5:10; 1Sa 14:14), and said to be the only term in square measure found in the Old Testament. The English word acre originally signified field. Then it came to denote the measure of land that an ox team could plow in a day, and upon the basis of a maximum acre of this kind the standard acre of 160 square rods (with variations in different regions) was fixed. The Hebrew word translated acre denotes a yoke of animals, in the sense of a team, a span, a pair; it is never used to denote the yoke by which the team are coupled together. The phrase ‘ten yokes of vineyard’ (Isa 5:10) may naturally mean vineyard covering as much land as a team would plow in ten days, though other plausible meanings can also be suggested. In 1Sa 14:14 the same word is used in describing the limits of space within which Jonathan and his armor-bearer slew twenty Philistines. The translation of the Revised Version (British and American), within as it were half a furrow’s length in an acre of land, means, strictly, that they were slain along a line from two to twenty rods in length. The word rendered furrow, used only here and in Psa 129:3, is in Brown’s Hebrew Lexicon defined as plowing-ground. This gives the rendering as it were in half a plowing-stint, a yoke of ground, the last two phrases defining each the other, so that the meaning is substantially that of the paraphrase in the King James Version. There is here an alleged obscurity and uncertainty in the text, but it is not such as to affect either the translation or the nature of the event.
Fuente: International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
Acre
Acre [ACCHO]
Fuente: Popular Cyclopedia Biblical Literature
Acre
This word, as a measure of land, occurs twice in the Authorised version. In 1Sa 14:14, the word is maanah, ‘a furrow,’ reading in the margin ‘half a furrow of an acre.’ In Isa 5:10 it is tsemed, ‘a pair, or yoke’ The ‘acre’ was as much as a yoke of oxen would plough in a day. The Latin etymology is similar: thus jugum a yoke; jugerum an acre. The Roman acre contained 28,800 square feet (being 240 feet in length by 120 in breadth), which is less than two-thirds of an English acre, which contains 43,560 square feet. “The Egyptian land measure,” says Wilkinson, “was the aroura, or arura, a square of 100 cubits, covering an area of 10,000 cubits . . . . . It contained 29,184 square English feet (the cubit being full 20-1/2 inches) and was little more than three quarters of an English acre.” What the Jewish acre exactly contained we have no means of ascertaining: it is not included in the usual lists of weights and measures as a definite measure of land. The passage in Isa 5:10: “ten acres of vineyard shall yield one bath” clearly refers to a time of great dearth which Jehovah would send upon Israel in judgement.
Fuente: Concise Bible Dictionary
Acre
The indefinite quantity of land a yoke of oxen could plow in a day, with the kinds of plows, and modes of plowing, used in the times referred to.
1Sa 14:14; Isa 5:10