Boutroux, E.
Boutroux, E.
(1845-1921) Teacher of Bergson and M. Blondel, is best known for his defense of radical contingency and indeterminacy in metaphysics. Influenced by French “spiritualism” stemming from Maine de Biran, Boutroux was critical of the current psychological and sociological treatment of religious experience. Main worksContingency of the Laws of Nature (tr. 1920); Philosophy and War (tr. 1916); Science et religion, 1908. — L.W.