Furnace
Furnace
is the rendering in the Engl. Vers. of the following words. SEE BURNING.
1. , attun’ (a Chald. term, of uncertain, prob. foreign derivation; Sept. ), a large furnace, with a wide opening at the top to cast in the materials (Dan 3:22-23), and a door at the ground by which the metal might be extracted (Dan 3:26). It was probably built like the Roman kiln for baking pottery-ware (Smith, Dict. of Class. Antiq. s.v. Fornax). The Persians were in the habit of using the furnace as a means of inflicting capital punishment (Daniel 3; comp. Jer 29:22; 2Ma 7:5; Hos 7:7; see Hoffmann, De flamma furni Babylonici, Jen. 1668). A parallel case is mentioned by Chardin (Voyage en Perse, 4:276), two ovens having been kept ready heated for a whole month to throw in any bakers who took advantage of the dearth. SEE PUNISHMENT.
2. , kibshan’ (so called from subduing the stone or ore), a smelting or calcining furnace (Gen 19:28), perhaps also a brick-kiln (Exo 9:8; Exo 9:10; Exo 19:18); but especially a lime-kiln, the use of which was evidently well known to the Hebrews (Isa 33:12; Amo 2:1). SEE BRICK;SEE LIME.
3. , kur (so called from its boiling up), a refining furnace (Pro 17:3; Pro 27:21; Eze 22:18 sq.), metaphorically applied to a state of trial (Deu 4:20; 1Ki 8:51; Isa 48:10; Jer 11:4). The form of it was probably similar to the one used in Egypt (Wilkinson, Anc. Eg. 2:137, abridgm.). The jeweller appears to have had a little portable furnace and blowpipe, which he carried about with him, as is still the case in India. SEE METALLURGY.
4. , alil’ (perhaps so called from working over, Sept. , Vulg. probatum), according to some, a workshop; others a crucible (only in Psa 12:6, where it possibly denotes a mould in the sand for casting). SEE FINING-POT. 5. , tannur’ (of uncertain etymology), an oven (as usually rendered) for baking bread (“furnace,” Gen 15:17; Isa 31:9; Neh 3:11; Neh 12:38), perhaps sometimes in a more general sense (Gen 15:17; Isa 31:9). The tannur is still in use by the Arabs under the same name, being a large round pot of earthen or other materials, two or three feet high, narrowing towards the top; this being first heated by a fire made within, the dough or paste is spread upon the sides to bake, thus forming thin cakes (see Jahn, Bibl. Archaeol. 140). Of the Gr. , by which the Sept. render this word, Jerome says, on Lam 5:10, “The clibanus, an extended round vessel of brass for baking bread, the fire being applied internally.” SEE OVEN.
6. , a general term forfurnace, kiln, or oven (Mat 13:42; Mat 13:50; Rev 1:15; Rev 9:2); especially the potter’s furnace (Sir 27:5; Sir 38:30), which resembled a chimney in shape, and was about five or six feet high, having a cylindrical frame, in which the fire was kindled at the bottom, and the narrow funnel produced a strong draught, thatraised the flame abov-e the top (Wilkinson, Ancient Egypt. 2:108, abridgment); also a blacksmith’s furnace (Sir 38:28). The same al o describes the calci-lung furnace (Xenophon, Vectig. 4:49). It is iemetaphorically used in the N.T. in this sense (Rev 1:15; Rev 9:2), and. in Mat 13:42 with an especial reference to Dan 3:6. SEE POTTER.
The TOWER OF THE FURNACES ( , Migdal’ hat- Tannurim; Sept. v.r. , Vulg. turrisfurnorumn), i.e., of the Ovens (Neb. 3:11; 13:38), was one of the towers on the second or middle wall of Jerusalem, at its N.W. angle, adjoining the “corner gate,” and near the internsection of the present line of the Via Dolorosa with the Street of St. Stephen (Strong’s Harm. and Expos. Append. page 17). It may have derived its name fronc “the Bakers Street” (Jer 37:21) or “bazaar,” which probably lay in that vicinity (Josephus, War, 5:8, 1, init.), as similar shops still do (Barclay, City of the Great King, page 434). SEE JERUSALEM.
Fuente: Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature
Furnace
(1.) Chald. attun, a large furnace with a wide open mouth, at the top of which materials were cast in (Dan. 3:22, 23; comp. Jer. 29:22). This furnace would be in constant requisition, for the Babylonians disposed of their dead by cremation, as did also the Accadians who invaded Mesopotamia.
(2.) Heb. kibshan, a smelting furnace (Gen. 19:28), also a lime-kiln (Isa. 33:12; Amos 2:1).
(3.) Heb. kur, a refining furnace (Prov. 17:3; 27:21; Ezek. 22:18).
(4.) Heb. alil, a crucible; only used in Ps. 12:6.
(5.) Heb. tannur, oven for baking bread (Gen. 15:17; Isa. 31:9; Neh. 3:11). It was a large pot, narrowing towards the top. When it was heated by a fire made within, the dough was spread over the heated surface, and thus was baked. “A smoking furnace and a burning lamp” (Gen. 15:17), the symbol of the presence of the Almighty, passed between the divided pieces of Abraham’s sacrifice in ratification of the covenant God made with him. (See OVEN)
(6.) Gr. kamnos, a furnace, kiln, or oven (Matt. 13:42, 50; Rev. 1:15; 9:2).
Fuente: Easton’s Bible Dictionary
Furnace
Neh 3:11; Neh 12:38, “the tower of the furnaces,” i.e. of the (bakers’) ovens. Hos 7:7. There were also the smelting furnace, the refining furnace, the type of affliction and testing probation (Deu 4:20; Pro 17:3; Pro 27:21), the lime-kiln. The brick-kiln furnace had an opening at the top to cast in the materials, and a door at the bottom to extract the metal. The Babylonians used it to inflict their cruel capital punishments (Dan 3:22-26; Jer 29:22).
Fuente: Fausset’s Bible Dictionary
Furnace
FURNACE.EV [Note: English Version.] tr. [Note: translate or translation.] of kibshn (Gen 19:28, Exo 9:8 etc.), ll (Psa 12:6), kr (Deu 4:20, 1Ki 8:51 etc.), attn (Dan 3:8; Dan 3:11 etc.), which stand for either a brick-kiln or a smelting furnace; and of tannr, which is better rendered oven (see Bread).
Fuente: Hastings’ Dictionary of the Bible
Furnace
furnas: The word is used in the Old Testament English Versions of the Bible to translate several Hebrew words:
Kibhshan, in Gen 19:28, where the smoke of the destruction of the cities of the plain is said to have ascended as the smoke of a furnace; in Exo 9:8, where Yahweh commands to take handfuls of ashes of the furnace and … sprinkle it toward heaven, etc.
Kur, in Deu 4:20, where Yahweh is represented, when speaking of taking the children of Israel out of Egypt, as taking them out of the iron furnace.
All in Psa 12:6, where the words of Yahweh are said to be pure, as silver tried in a furnace; compare Pro 17:3, furnace for gold.
Attun, in Dan 3:6, where mention is made of a burning fiery furnace into which Daniel and his companions were cast. There is good reason to believe that these words all stand for either a brick-kiln or a smelting furnace.
In the New Testament a notable figurative use is made of the word in the phrase the furnace of fire, , he kaminos tou puros. It is found in the parable of the Tares (Mat 13:42) as part of the remarkable imagery of that parable; while in the companion parable of the Drag-Net (Mat 13:50) it stands as a symbol of the final destiny of the impenitent, a synonym of hell; compare Jer 29:22; Dan 3:6, Dan 3:22; Rev 20:14-15, etc., and eternal fire (Mat 25:41), unquenchable fire (Mat 3:12), the Gehenna of fire (Mat 5:22 margin; Mat 18:9 parallel Mar 9:43 margin, etc.). A fact which modern travelers speak of, that furnaces for punishment have been found in Persia as elsewhere in the East, sheds some light upon this use of the expression the furnace of fire.
Fuente: International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
Furnace
Furnaces were used for various purposes, as smelting the crude metal, and for crucibles to refine the metal; for lime and bricks; and as an oven. Gen 19:28; Exo 9:8; Exo 9:10; Pro 17:3. The fiery furnace in Babylon must have been very large for four persons to have walked therein. It may have been the furnace they used for their bricks. Dan 3:6-26. The furnace is used figuratively for the oppression of Egypt, out of which God delivered the Israelites, Deu 4:20; and for the afflictions God afterwards brought them into to purify them from their idolatry and sin. Eze 22:18; Eze 22:22. In the N.T. the furnace of fire refers to the place of eternal punishment. Mat 13:42; Mat 13:50.
Fuente: Concise Bible Dictionary
Furnace
Uses of:
– For refining silver
Eze 22:22; Mal 3:3
– For refining gold
Pro 17:3
– For melting lead and tin
Eze 22:20
– For capital punishment, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-Nego cast into, by Nebuchadnezzar
Dan 3:6-26
Figurative:
– Of affliction
Deu 4:20; 1Ki 8:51; Psa 12:6; Isa 48:10; Jer 11:4
– Of lust
Hos 7:4
– Of hell
Mal 4:1; Mat 13:42; Mat 13:50; Rev 9:2
Fuente: Nave’s Topical Bible
Furnace
Furnace. Furnaces are noticed in the Bible, such as a smelting or calcining furnace, Gen 19:28; Exo 9:8; Exo 9:10; Exo 19:18; especially a lime-kiln, Isa 33:12; Amo 2:1; a refining furnace, Pro 17:3; Nebuchadnezzar’s furnace, a large furnace built like a brick-kiln, Dan 3:22-23, with two openings, one at the top for putting in the materials, and another below for removing them. The potter’s furnace and the blacksmith’s furnace are noticed in the Apocryphal books. Eccles. 27:5; 38:28. The Persians were in the habit of using the furnace as a means of inflicting punishment. Dan 3:22-23; Jer 29:22.
Fuente: People’s Dictionary of the Bible
Furnace
Furnace. Various kinds of furnaces are noticed in the Bible, such as…
a smelting or calcining furnace, Gen 19:28; Exo 9:8; Exo 9:10; Exo 19:18,
especially a lime-kiln, Isa 33:12; Amo 2:1,
a refining furnace, Pro 17:3,
Nebuchadnezzar’s furnace, a large furnace built like a brick-kiln, Dan 3:22-23, with two openings one at the top for putting in the materials, and another below for removing them;
the potter’s furnace, Sir 27:5;
the blacksmith’s furnace. Sir 38:28.
The Persians were in the habit of using the furnace as a means of inflicting punishment. Dan 3:22-23; Jer 29:22.
Fuente: Smith’s Bible Dictionary
FURNACE
Furnace is used in Holy Scripture to denote, metaphorically, a place of great affliction. So Deu 4:20, ” The Lord hath taken you, and brought you forth out of the iron furnace, out of Egypt.”
Fire of a furnace for purifying of metals, is always taken to signify such afflictions as God sends for the amendment of men. So in Jer. ix. 7, “I will melt them, and try them.”
Fuente: A Symbolical Dictionary
Furnace
“an oven, furnace, kiln” (whence Lat. caminus, Eng., chimney), used for smelting, or for burning earthenware, occurs in Mat 13:42, Mat 13:50; Rev 1:15; Rev 9:2.
Fuente: Vine’s Dictionary of New Testament Words
Furnace
a fireplace for melting gold and other metals. The fining pot is for silver, the furnace for gold, Pro 17:3. It signifies also a place of cruel bondage and oppression, such as Egypt was to the Israelites, who there met with much hardship, rigour, and severity, to try and purge them, Deu 4:20; Jer 11:4; the sharp and grievous afflictions and judgments, wherewith God tries his people, Eze 22:18; Eze 20:22; also a place of torment, as Nebuchadnezzar’s fiery furnace, Dan 3:6; Dan 3:11. On the last we may remark, that this mode of putting to death is not unusual in the east in modern times. After speaking of the common modes of punishing with death in Persia, Chardin says, But there is still a particular way of putting to death such as have transgressed in civil affairs, either by causing a dearth, or by selling above the tax by a false weight, or who have committed themselves in any other manner: they are put upon a spit and roasted over a slow fire, Jer 29:22. Bakers, when they offend, are thrown into a hot oven. During the dearth in 1668, I saw such ovens heated in the royal square in Ispahan, to terrify the bakers, and deter them from deriving advantage from the general distress.
Fuente: Biblical and Theological Dictionary
Furnace
Gen 15:17 (b) By this type we learn that the experiences of Israel in the land of Egypt would be one of suffering and of shame, of pain and of anguish as the Egyptians treated the Israelites as slaves. (See 1Ki 8:51; Jer 11:4).
Deu 4:20 (a) Here again the Word is used to describe the sorrows of Israel which they suffered through the four hundred years of their slavery.
Psa 12:6 (a) This symbol represents the testings and examinations of the Scriptures by wicked, hostile men as they sought to destroy GOD’s words. It is a picture also of the carefulness and thoroughness with which GOD chose His words as they were placed in the Scriptures.
Isa 31:9 (a) This picture is used to illustrate the terrible destruction which Judah and Jerusalem would bring upon Assyria.
Isa 48:10 (b) The type in this place describes the great trials and sorrows that Israel would experience through and during her national history.