Gehenna
GEHENNA
See HINNOM.
Fuente: American Tract Society Bible Dictionary
Gehenna
See Hell.
Fuente: Dictionary of the Apostolic Church
Gehenna
The modified name of a valley, the site of which is sought to the west and south of Jerusalem . It became the scene of idolatrous rites by fire as well as, it is thought, the place for burning refuse and the corpses of outcasts. The name is used invariably by Our Lord to designate Hell, the abode of the damned, where “the fire is not extinguished” (Mark 9).
Fuente: New Catholic Dictionary
Gehenna
(, A.V. invariably “hell”), the Greek representative of Jos 15:8; Neb. xi) 30 (rendered by the Sept. , Jos 18:16); more fully, or (2Ki 23:10; 2Ch 28:3; 2Ch 33:6; Jer 19:2), the “valley of Hinnone,” or “of the son” or children of Hinnom,” a deep narrow glen to the sosth of Jerusalem, where, after the introduction of the worship of the fire-gods by Ahaz, the idolatrous Jews offered their children to Moloch (2Ch 28:3; 2Ch 33:6; Jer 7:31; Jer 19:2-6). In consequence of these abominations the valley was polluted by Josiah (2Ki 23:10); subsequently to which it became the common lay-stall of the city, where the dead bodies of criminals, and the carcasses of animals, and every other kind of filth was cast, and, according to late and some, what questionable authorities, the combustible portion consumed with fire. From the depth asnd narrowness of thee gorge, and, perhaps, its ever-burning fires, as well as from its being the receptacle of all sorts of putrefying matter, and all that defiled the holy city, it became in later times the image of the place of everlasting punishnent, “where their worm dieth not, and the fire is not quenched;” in which the Talmudists placed the mouth of bell: “There are two palm-trees in the valley of Hinnom, between which a smoke ariseth … and this is the door of Gehenna” (Talmud, quoted by Barclay, City of Great King, page 90; Lightfoot, Centur. Chorograph. Matt. proem. 2:200). The Mohammedans still use the term as the current designation of the infernal regions (see D’Herbelot, Bibliothique Orient. s.v. Gehennen). In this sense the word is used by our Lord, Mat 5:29-30; Mat 10:28; Mat 23:15; Mat 23:33; Mar 9:43; Luk 12:5; and with the addition , Mat 5:22; Mat 18:9; Mar 9:47; and by Jam 3:6. SEE HINNOM, VALLEY OF; SEE TOPHET; SEE HELL.
Fuente: Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature
Gehenna
(originally Ge bene Hinnom; i.e., “the valley of the sons of Hinnom”), a deep, narrow glen to the south of Jerusalem, where the idolatrous Jews offered their children in sacrifice to Molech (2 Chr. 28:3; 33:6; Jer. 7:31; 19:2-6). This valley afterwards became the common receptacle for all the refuse of the city. Here the dead bodies of animals and of criminals, and all kinds of filth, were cast and consumed by fire kept always burning. It thus in process of time became the image of the place of everlasting destruction. In this sense it is used by our Lord in Matt. 5:22, 29, 30; 10:28; 18:9; 23:15, 33; Mark 9:43, 45, 47; Luke 12:5. In these passages, and also in James 3:6, the word is uniformly rendered “hell,” the Revised Version placing “Gehenna” in the margin. (See HELL; HINNOM
Fuente: Easton’s Bible Dictionary
Gehenna
The word Gehennameans the valley of Hinnom (lit. Gai-Hinnom), immediately outside Jerusalem (see Jos 15:8) in 2Ki 23:10, 2Ch 28:3; 2Ch 33:6, it is the scene of degraded idolatrous customs; and in Jer 19:1-15. it is described as not only a centre of iniquity, but also a place of retribution in this sense it was used by the Jews in our Lord’s time (see e.g. Pirko Aboth), and the Lord Himself takes it as the place or condition of punishment. It is only used by Him (Mat 5:22; Mat 5:29-30; Mat 10:28; Mat 18:9; Mat 23:15; Mat 23:33; Mar 9:43; Mar 9:47; Luk 12:5) and in Jam 3:6.
Fuente: Synonyms of the Old Testament
Gehenna
GEHENNA.The Heb. name Hinnom is generally preceded in the OT by the word G-, valley (Jos 15:8 ff.), thus G-hinnm, or Valley of Hinnom, whence the NT word , which is translated in both the Authorized Version and Revised Version NT 1881, OT 1885 hell (Mat 5:22; Mat 5:29-30; Mat 10:28; Mat 18:9; Mat 23:15; Mat 23:33, Mar 9:43; Mar 9:45; Mar 9:47, Luk 12:5, Jam 3:6); from which also we obtain the English word Gehenna. Historically, this valley is the traditional site of the worship paid to Molech, first by Ahaz (2Ch 28:3), and later by Manasseh (33:6), who made their children pass through the fire; but which was later defiled by Josiah (2Ki 23:10), and thereafter seems to have been made the receptacle of the citys offal; and in later Jewish thought became a symbol of the supposed place of future punishments (cf. Enoch xxvii. i). The NT use of is exclusively in this figurative sense. Milton also employs it thus in his familiar lines:
The pleasant vale of Hinnom, Tophet thence,
And black Gehenna called, the type of hell (Par. Lost, i. 404).
Opinions differ as to the identification of the valley; but most authorities, including Robinson, Stanley, Buhl, and many others, as well as modern Arab tradition, identify it with the valley on the W. and S. side of the Holy City, the upper portion of which is called in Arabic Wdy er-Rabbi; the lower, Wdy Gehennam, or Valley of Hell. It is a deep and yawning gorge (Wilson), and never contains water (Socin), its descent from its original source to Bir Eyyub being approximately 670 ft. At the lower extremity are found numerous rock-tombs, for here seems to have been the potters field for the burial of pilgrims, which was purchased with the 30 pieces of silver, and known as Akeldama, or field of blood (Mat 27:3-8, Act 1:18-19). On the other hand, the Arab writer Edrisi of the 12th cent. a.d., followed by Sir C. Warren in an extended and somewhat convincing article on Hinnom (Valley of) in Hasting’s Dictionary of the Bible , identifies it with the Kidron on the E. of Jerusalem, including also its continuation below the junction of the Eastern and Western valleys at Bir Eyyub; the whole of the valley in its descent toward the Dead Sea being known to the Arabs as Wdy en-Nr, Valley of Fire. Still another identification is that advocated by Sayce, R. Smith, Birch, and others, who locate it between the Temple area and the City of David, identifying it with the valley known since Josephus day as the Tyropon; but the first identification is, on the whole, the most probable.
Literature.Robinson, BRP [Note: RP Biblical Researches in Palestine.] i. 353, 402 ff.; Stanley, SP [Note: P Sinai and Palestine.] 239, 571; Barclay, City of the Great King, 89, 90; Wilson, Recovery of Jerusalem, 6, 19, 307, Lands of the Bible, i. 403 ff.; Tristram, Bible Places, 152, 162; Couder, Handbook to the Bible, 329 f.; Baedeker-Socin, Pal. [Note: Palestine, Palestinian.] 99; Barrows, Sacred Geog. and Antiquity, 9496; Ritter, Geog. of Pal. [Note: Palestine, Palestinian.] iv. 164 ff.; artt. Gehenna and Hinnom (Valley of) in Hasting’s Dictionary of the Bible ; Hinnom (Valley of) in Encyc. Bibl.; Swete, Com. on St. Mark, ad 9:45; Riehm, HWB [Note: WB Handwrterbunch.] ; Rosenmller, Biblisch. Geog. ii. 156, 164; Smiths DB [Note: Dictionary of the Bible.] , art Hinnom (Valley of).
George L. Robinson.
Fuente: A Dictionary Of Christ And The Gospels
Gehenna
GEHENNA.A word derived from Ge-Hinnom, the valley on the west of Jerusalem. In this valley it is possible that Molech and Tammuz were worshipped (2Ki 23:18, 2Ch 28:3; 2Ch 33:6, Jer 7:31; Jer 32:35). The recollection of this terrible worship gave to the valley a sinister character, and led to its being defiled by Josiah (2Ki 23:6; 2Ki 23:10), for the purpose of preventing these rites. Thereafter it became the place for the burning of the refuse of the city, along with dead animals and the bodies of criminals. It was natural, therefore, that the name should become a synonym of hell (cf. Mat 5:29; Mat 10:28). In its eschatological force Gehenna was the place of punishment. It generally was conceived of as being under the earth, but it was very much vaster in extent than the earth. It was believed to be filled with fire intended for the punishment of sinners, who apparently went there immediately after death. Late Rabbinic thought would seem to imply that men who are neither great saints nor great sinners might be purified by the fire of Gehenna. Only those who had committed adultery or shamed or slandered their neighbours were believed to be hopelessly condemned to its fires, while the Jews were not to be permanently injured by them. According to the later belief, Gehenna was to be destroyed at the final consummation of the age. There is no clear evidence that Gehenna was regarded as a place for the annihilation of the wicked, although there are some passages which give a certain support to this opinion. No systematic eschatological statement has, however, been preserved for us from Jewish times, much less one which may be said to represent a general consensus of opinion. The NT writers employ the word in its general force as a synonym for the idea of endless punishment for sinners, as over against heaventhe synonym of endless bliss for those who have enjoyed the resurrection. They attempt, however, no description of suffering within its limits further than that implied in the figures of fire and worms.
Shailer Mathews.
Fuente: Hastings’ Dictionary of the Bible
Gehenna
ge-hena (, geenna (see Grimm-Thayer, under the word)): Gehenna is a transliteration from the Aramaic form of the Hebrew ge-hinnom, valley of Hinnom. This latter form, however, is rare in the Old Testament, the prevailing name being the valley of the son of Hinnom. Septuagint usually translates; where it transliterates the form is different from Gehenna and varies. In the New Testament the correct form is Geenna with the accent on the penult, not Geenna. There is no reason to assume that Hinnom is other than a plain patronymic, although it has been proposed to find in it the corruption of the name of an idol (EB, II, 2071). In the New Testament (King James Version margin) Gehenna occurs in Mat 5:22, Mat 5:29, Mat 5:30; Mat 10:28; Mat 18:9; Mat 23:15, Mat 23:33; Mar 9:43, Mar 9:15, Mar 9:47; Luk 12:5; Jam 3:6. In all of these it designates the place of eternal punishment of the wicked, generally in connection with the final judgment. It is associated with fire as the source of torment. Both body and soul are cast into it. This is not to be explained on the principle that the New Testament speaks metaphorically of the state after death in terms of the body; it presupposes the resurrection. In the King James Version and the Revised Version (British and American) Gehenna is rendered by hell (see ESCHATOLOGY OF THE NEW TESTAMENT). That the valley of Hinnom became the technical designation for the place of final punishment was due to two causes. In the first place the valley had been the seat of the idolatrous worship of Molech, to whom children were immolated by fire (2Ch 28:3; 2Ch 33:6). Secondly, on account of these practices the place was defiled by King Josiah (2Ki 23:10), and became in consequence associated in prophecy with the judgment to be visited upon the people (Jer 7:32). The fact, also, that the city’s offal was collected there may have helped to render the name synonymous with extreme defilement. Topographically the identification of the valley of Hinnom is still uncertain. It has been in turn identified with the depression on the western and southern side of Jerusalem, with the middle valley, and with the valley to the E. Compare EB, II, 2071; DCG, I, 636; RE3, VI.
Fuente: International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
Gehenna
[Gehen’na] See HELL.
Fuente: Concise Bible Dictionary
Gehenna
See Hell
Hell
Fuente: Nave’s Topical Bible
Gehenna
Gehen’na. See Hinnom.