Harrow
Harrow
is the rendering in the Eng. Vers. of the following Hebrew words: , charits’ (lit. a cutting, hence a slice of curdled milk, cheese, 1Sa 17:18) a tribulum or threshing (q.v.) sledge (2Sa 12:31; 1Ch 20:3); elsewhere only the verb , sadad’ (lit. to level off), to harrow a field (Job 39:10; break the clods, Isa 28:4; Hos 10:11). See Kitto, Daily Bible Illust. 3, 39, 6, 397. The form of the ancient Hebrew harrow, if any instrument properly corresponding to this term existed, is unknown. Probably it was, as still in Egypt (Niebuhr, Trav. 1, 151), merely a board, which was dragged over the fields to level the lumps. Among the Romans it consisted of a hurtle (crates) of rods with teeth (Pliny, 18. 43; comp. Virg. Georg. 1, 94). See generally Ugolini, Comm. de re rustica vett. Hebr. 5, 21 (in his Thesaur. 29:p. 332 sq.); Paul-sen, Ackerb. p. 96. In modern Palestine, oxen are sometimes turned in to trample the clods, and in some parts of Asia a bush of thorns is dragged over the surface; but all these processes, if used, occur (not after, but) before the seed is committed to the soil. SEE AGRICULTURE.
Fuente: Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature
Harrow
(Heb. harits), a tribulum or sharp threshing sledge; a frame armed on the under side with rollers or sharp spikes (2 Sam. 12:31; 1 Chr. 20:3).
Heb. verb _sadad_, to harrow a field, break its clods (Job 39:10; Isa. 28:4; Hos. 10: 11). Its form is unknown. It may have resembled the instrument still in use in Egypt.
Fuente: Easton’s Bible Dictionary
Harrow
charits 2Sa 12:31. Possibly a “threshing instrument.” In modern Palestine no such instrument as our harrow exists, and it is unlikely it did in ancient times.
Fuente: Fausset’s Bible Dictionary
Harrow
HARROW.In 2Sa 12:31a passage which had become corrupt before the date of 1Ch 20:3as rendered in EV [Note: English Version.] , David is represented as torturing the Ammonites under harrows of iron. The true text and rendering, however, have reference to various forms of forced labour (see RVm [Note: Revised Version margin.] ), and the harrows become picks of iron or some similar instrument.
The Heb. verb tr. [Note: translate or translation.] harrow in Job 39:10 is elsewhere correctly rendered break the clods (Hos 10:11; also Isa 28:24, but Amer. RV [Note: Revised Version.] has here harrow). In Hastings DB [Note: Dictionary of the Bible.] ii. 306 several reasons were given for rejecting the universal modern rendering of the original by harrow. This conclusion has since been confirmed by the discovery of the original Hebrew of Sir 38:26 where who setteth his mind to harrow in the furrows would be an absurd rendering. There is no evidence that the Hebrews at any time made use of an implement corresponding to our harrow. Stiff soil was broken up by the plough or the mattock. Cf. Agriculture, 1.
A. R. S. Kennedy.
Fuente: Hastings’ Dictionary of the Bible
Harrow
haro (, sadhadh): Sadhadh occurs in 3 passages (Job 39:10; Isa 28:24; Hos 10:11). In the first 2 it is translated harrow, in the last break the clods. That this was a separate operation from plowing, and that it was performed with an instrument drawn by animals, seems certain. As to whether it corresponded to our modern harrowing is a question. The reasons for this uncertainty are: (1) The ancient Egyptians have left no records of its use; (2) at the present time, in those parts of Palestine and Syria where foreign methods have not been introduced, harrowing is not commonly known, although the writer has been told that in some districts the ground is leveled after plowing with the threshing-sledge or a log drawn by oxen. Cross-plowing is resorted to for breaking up the lumpy soil, especially where the ground has been baked during the long rainless summer. Lumps not reduced in this way are further broken up with a hoe or pick. Seed is always sown before plowing, so that harrowing to cover the seed is unnecessary. See AGRICULTURE. Figuratively used of affliction, discipline, etc. (Isa 28:24).
Fuente: International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
Harrow
An agricultural implement used as an instrument of torture.
2Sa 12:31; 1Ch 20:3
Fuente: Nave’s Topical Bible
Harrow
Harrow. It is very questionable whether the Hebrews used a harrow in our sense of the term. In Job 39:10; Isa 28:24; Hos 10:12, breaking the clods is alluded to; but this was before sowing the seed, just to level the ground. The word translated “harrow” in 2Sa 12:31; 1Ch 20:3, means a sharp threshing-sledge.
Fuente: People’s Dictionary of the Bible
Harrow
Harrow. The word so rendered, 2Sa 12:31; 1Ch 20:3, is probably a threshing-machine. The verb rendered “to harrow,” Job 39:10; Isa 28:24; Hos 10:11, expresses apparently the breaking of the clods, and is so far analogous to our harrowing — but whether done by any such machine as we call a “harrow” is very doubtful.