Iniquity
INIQUITY
See SIN.
Fuente: Theological Dictionary
Iniquity
(prop. , ; but represented in the A. Vers. by several other words) means in Scripture not only sin, but, by metonymy, also the punishment of sin, and the expiation of it: Aaron will bear the iniquities of the people; he will atone for them (Exo 28:38). The Lord visits the iniquities of the fathers upon the children (Exo 20:5); he sometimes causes visible effects of his wrath to fall on the children of criminal parents. To bear iniquity is to endure the punishment of it, to be obliged to expiate it. The priests bear the iniquity of the people; that is, they are charged with the expiation of it (Exo 28:38; Lev 10:17). SEE SIN.
Fuente: Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature
Iniquity
The word aval () is thought to designate the want of integrity and rectitude which is the accompaniment, if not the essential part, of wrong-doing. this word in some of its forms reminds one of the word evil (Ger. Uebel), and of the contracted word ill. The chief renderings for it in the LXX are and of which the first is probably the best. Aval is rendered unjust in Psa 43:1; Psa 82:2, Pro 29:27, Isa 26:10, Zep 3:5; unrighteous in Lev 19:15; Lev 19:35, Deu 25:16, Job 27:7, Psa 71:4; Psa 92:15; ungodly in Job 16:11; perverse in Isa 59:3; wicked in twelve passages, including Psa 89:22, ‘The enemy shall not exact up on him, nor the son of wickedness afflict him.’
Aval is also rendered iniquity in about thirty passages; and this word, taken in its original sense, as a departure from that which is equal and right, is probably the most suitable rendering. The usage of the word is well illustrated by Mal 2:6, where we read of Levi that ‘the law of truth was in his mouth, and iniquity was not found in his lips; he walked with me in peace and equity, and did turn many away from unrighteousness.’
Fuente: Synonyms of the Old Testament
Iniquity
INIQUITY.See Sin.
Fuente: Hastings’ Dictionary of the Bible
Iniquity
in-ikwi-ti (, awon; , anoma): In the Old Testament of the 11 words translated iniquity, by far the most common and important is awon (about 215 times). Etymologically, it is customary to explain it as meaning literally crookedness, perverseness, i.e. evil regarded as that which is not straight or upright, moral distortion (from , iwwah, to bend, make crooked, pervert). Driver, however (following Lagarde), maintains that two roots, distinct in Arabic, have been confused in Hebrew, one = to bend, pervert (as above), and the other = to err, go astray; that awon is derived from the latter, and consequently expresses the idea of error, deviation from the right path, rather than that of perversion (Driver, Notes on Sam, 135 note) Whichever etymology is adopted, in actual usage it has three meanings which almost imperceptibly pass into each other: (1) iniquity, (2) guilt of iniquity, (3) punishment of iniquity. Primarily, it denotes not an action, but the character of an action (Oehler), and is so distinguished from sin (hatta’th). Hence, we have the expression the iniquity of my sin (Psa 32:5). Thus the meaning glides into that of guilt, which might often take the place of iniquity as the translation of awon (Gen 15:16; Exo 34:7; Jer 2:22, etc.). From guilt it again passes into the meaning of punishment of guilt, just as Latin piaculum may denote both guilt and its punishment. The transition is all the easier in Hebrew because of the Hebrew sense of the intimate relation of sin and suffering, e.g. Gen 4:13, My punishment is greater than I can bear; which is obviously to be preferred to King James Version margin, the Revised Version, margin Mine iniquity is greater than can be forgiven, for Cain is not so much expressing sorrow for his sin, as complaining of the severity of his punishment; compare 2Ki 7:9 (the Revised Version (British and American) punishment, the Revised Version margin iniquity); Isa 5:18 (where for iniquity we might have punishment of iniquity, as in Lev 26:41, Lev 26:43, etc.); Isa 40:2 (iniquity, the Revised Version margin punishment). The phrase bear iniquity is a standing expression for bearing its consequences, i.e. its penalty; generally of the sinner bearing the results of his own iniquity (Lev 17:16; Lev 20:17, Lev 20:19; Num 14:34; Eze 44:10, etc.), but sometimes of one bearing the iniquity of another vicariously, and so taking it away (e.g. Eze 4:4 f; Eze 18:19 f). Of special interest in the latter sense are the sufferings of the Servant of Yahweh, who shall bear the iniquities of the people (Isa 53:11; compare Isa 53:6).
Other words frequently translated iniquity are: ‘awen, literally, worthlessness, vanity, hence, naughtiness, mischief (47 times in the King James Version, especially in the phrase workers of iniquity, Job 4:8; Psa 5:5; Psa 6:8; Pro 10:29, etc.); awel and awlah, literally, perverseness (Deu 32:4; Job 6:29 the King James Version, etc.).
In the New Testament iniquity stands for anomia = properly, the condition of one without law, lawlessness (so translated in 1Jo 3:4, elsewhere iniquity, e.g. Mat 7:23), a word which frequently stood for awon in the Septuagint; and adika, literally, unrighteousness (e.g. Luk 13:27).
Fuente: International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
INIQUITY
general references to
Job 15:16; Psa 41:6; Psa 53:1; Isa 5:18; Jer 30:14; Eze 9:9; Hos 14:1
Mic 2:1; Mat 23:28; Mat 24:12; Rom 6:19
Fuente: Thompson Chain-Reference Bible
Iniquity
lit., “lawlessness” (a, negative, nomos, “law”), is used in a way which indicates the meaning as being lawlessness or wickedness. Its usual rendering in the NT is “iniquity,” which lit. means unrighteousness. It occurs very frequently in the Sept., especially in the Psalms, where it is found about 70 times. It is used (a) of iniquity in general, Mat 7:23; Mat 13:41; Mat 23:28; Mat 24:12; Rom 6:19 (twice); 2Co 6:14, RV, “iniquity” (AV, “unrighteousness”); 2Th 2:3, in some mss.; the AV and RV follow those which have hamartia, “(man of) sin;” 2Th 2:7, RV, “lawlessness” (AV, “iniquity”); Tit 2:14; Heb 1:9; 1Jo 3:4 (twice), RV, “(doeth) … lawlessness” and “lawlessness” (AV, “transgresseth the law” and “trangression of the law”); (b) in the plural, of acts or manifestations of lawlessness, Rom 4:7; Heb 10:17 (some inferior mss. have it in Heb 8:12, for the word hamartia). See LAWLESSNESS, TRANSGRESSION, UNRIGHTEOUSNESS.
Note: In the phrase “man of sin,” 2Th 2:3, the word suggests the idea of contempt of Divine law, since the Antichrist will deny the existence of God.
denotes “unrighteousness,” lit., “unrightness” (a, negative, dike, “right”), a condition of not being right, whether with God, according to the standard of His holiness and righteousness, or with man, according to the standard of what man knows to be right by his conscience. In Luk 16:8; Luk 18:6, the phrases lit. are, “the steward of unrighteousness” and “the judge of injustice,” the subjective genitive describing their character; in Luk 18:6 the meaning is “injustice” and so perhaps in Rom 9:14. The word is usually translated “unrighteousness,” but is rendered “iniquity” in Luk 13:27; Act 1:18; Act 8:23; 1Co 13:6, AV (RV, “unrighteousness”); so in 2Ti 2:19; Jam 3:6.
denotes “a wrong, injury, misdeed” (akin to No. 2; from adikeo, “to do wrong”), the concrete act, in contrast to the general meaning of No. 2, and translated “a matter of wrong,” in Act 18:14; “wrong-doing,” Act 24:20 (AV, “evil-doing”); “iniquities,” Rev 18:5. See EVIL, WRONG.
akin to poneo, “to toil” (cp. poneros, “bad, worthless;” see BAD), denotes “wickedness,” and is so translated in Mat 22:18; Mar 7:22 (plural); Luk 11:39; Rom 1:29; 1Co 5:8; Eph 6:12; in Act 3:26, “iniquities.” See WICKEDNESS. Cp. kakia, “evil.”
“law-breaking” (para, “against,” nomos, “law”), denotes “transgression,” so rendered in 2Pe 2:16, for AV, “iniquity.”