Latin
( , Boman, Luk 23:38; , in Roman, Joh 19:20), the vernacular language of the Romans, although most of them in the time of Christ likewise spoke Greek. See the monographs on the subject cited by Volbeding, Index, page 135. SEE LATINISMS.
Fuente: Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature
Latin
the vernacular language of the ancient Romans (John 19:20).
Fuente: Easton’s Bible Dictionary
Latin
LATIN.See Title on Cross.
Fuente: A Dictionary Of Christ And The Gospels
Latin
LATIN.In such provinces as Juda the Latin language alone had place in official acts and Roman courts. Where Greek was allowed in court pleadings, it was, so to speak, an act of grace on the judges part, and there can be little doubt that, e.g., the speech of Tertullus in Act 24:1-27 was in Latin. The Latin words used in a Greek form in the NT are mainly administrative, legal, or military (e.g. census, custodia, prtorium, colonia, libertinus, centurio, legio), or names of Roman coins (denarius, quadrans), but the total number of such Latin words occurring is only about 25. The Gentile names adopted by Jews were generally of Greek form (e.g. Philip)a Latin form like the name of St. Paul was an exception (to be expected perhaps with one so proud of Roman citizenship). Throughout Palestine, while Latin was the language of the administration, Greek was the main language of commerce, and Aramaic the language of common intercourse among Jews. Hence we find all three languages used for the superscription on the cross (Luk 23:38).
A. E. Hillard.
Fuente: Hastings’ Dictionary of the Bible
Latin
latin: Was the official language of the Roman Empire as Greek was that of commerce. In Palestine Aramaic was the vernacular in the rural districts and remoter towns, while in the leading towns both Greek and Aramaic were spoken. These facts furnish the explanation of the use of all three tongues in the inscription on the cross of Christ (Mat 27:37; Mar 15:26; Luk 23:38; Joh 19:19). Thus the charge was written in the legal language, and was technically regular as well as recognizable by all classes of the people. The term Latin occurs in the New Testament only in Joh 19:20, , Rhomaist, and in Luk 23:38, (), Rhomaikos (grammasin), according to Codices Sinaiticus, A, D, and N. It is probable that Tertullus made his plea against Paul before Felix (Acts 24) in Latin, though Greek was allowed in such provincial courts by grace of the judge. It is probable also that Paul knew and spoke Latin; compare W.M. Ramsay, Pauline and Other Studies, 1906, 65, and A. Souter, Did Paul Speak Latin? The Expositor, April, 1911. The vernacular Latin had its own history and development with great influence on the ecclesiastical terminology of the West. See W. Bury, The Holy Latin Tongue, Dublin Review, April, 1906, and Ronsch, Itala und Vulgata, 1874, 480 f. There is no doubt of the mutual influence of Greek and Latin on each other in the later centuries. See W. Schulze, Graeca Latina, 1891; Viereck, Sermo Graecus, 1888.
It is doubtful if the Latin syntax is clearly perceptible in the koine (see LANGUAGE OF THE NEW TESTAMENT).
Deissmann (Light from the Ancient East, 117 f) finds , ergasan ddomi (operam dare) in an xyrhynchus papyrus letter of the vulgar type from 2nd century BC (compare Luk 12:58). A lead tablet in Amorgus has , krno to dkaion (compare Luk 12:57). The papyri (2nd century AD) give lo&gon, sunaro logon (compare Mat 18:23 f). Moulton (Expositor, February, 1903, 115) shows that , to hikanon poien (satisfacere), is as old as Polybius. Even , sumbouilion lambanien (concilium capere), may go with the rest like , su opse (Mat 27:4), for videris (Thayer). Moulton (Prol., 21) and Thumb (Griechische Sprache, 121) consider the whole matter of syntactical Latinisms in the New Testament inconclusive. But see also C. Wessely, Die lateinischen Elemente in der Gracitat d. agypt. Papyrusurkunden, Wien. Stud., 24; Laforcade. Influence du Latin sur le Grec. 83-158.
There are Latin words in the New Testament: In particular Latin proper names like Aquila, Cornelius, Claudia, Clemens, Crescens, Crispus, Fortunatus, Julia, Junia, etc., even among the Christians in the New Testament besides Agrippa, Augustus, Caesar, Claudius, Felix, Festus, Gallio, Julius, etc.
Besides we find in the New Testament current Latin commercial, financial, and official terms like , assarion (as), , denarion (denarius), , kenturon (centurio), , kenos (census), , kodrantes (quadrans), , kolona (colonia), , koustodia (custodia), , legeon (legio), , lention (linteum), , libertnos (libertinus), , ltra (litra), , makellon (macellum), , membrana (membrana), ,, mlion (mille), , modios (modius), , xestes (sextarius), , praitorion (praetorium), , sikarios (sicarius), , simiknthion (semicinctium), , soudarion (sudarium), , spekoulator (speculator), , taberna (taberna), , ttlos (titulus), , phelones (paenula), , phoron (forum), , phragellion (flagellum), , phragelloo (flagello), , chartes (charta?), , choros (chorus).
Then we meet such adjectives as , Herodiano, , Philippesioi, , Christiano, which are made after the Latin model. Mark’s Gospel shows more of these Latin words outside of proper names (compare Rom 16), as is natural if his Gospel were indeed written in Rome. See also LATIN VERSION, THE OLD.
Literature.
Besides the literature already mentioned see Schurer, Jewish People in the Time of Christ, Div II, volume I, 43 ff; Krauss, Griechische und lateinische Lehnworter im Talmud (1898, 1899); Hoole, Classical Element in the New Testament (1888); Jannaris, Historical Greek Grammar (1897); W. Schmid, Atticismus, etc. (1887-97); Kapp, Latinismis merito ac falso susceptis (1726); Georgi, De Latinismis N T (1733); Draeger, Historische Syntax der lat. Sprache (1878-81); Pfister, Vulgarlatein und Vulgargriechisch (Rh. Mus., 1912, 195-208).
Fuente: International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
Latin
The language of the Romans. In scripture it is only mentioned as being one of the tongues in which Pilate wrote the inscription on the cross of the Lord Jesus. Luk 23:38; Joh 19:20. A number of words in the Greek of the New Testament are borrowed from the Latin. Such are , ‘an executioner,’ Lat. speculator; , ‘a napkin,’ Lat. sudarium; etc.
Fuente: Concise Bible Dictionary
Latin
Luk 23:38 Joh 19:20
Fuente: Nave’s Topical Bible
Latin
Lat’in. The language spoken by the Romans, is mentioned only in Joh 19:20 and Luk 23:38.
Fuente: Smith’s Bible Dictionary
Latin
an adverb, “in Latin,” occurs in Joh 19:20, lit., “in Roman.”
Note: In Luk 23:38, some mss. have the adjective Rhomaikos, “of Latin,” agreeing with “letters.”