Menochio, Giovanni Stefano
Menochio, Giovanni Stefano
Jesuit exegete and Bible scholar. Born Padua, Italy , 1575; died Rome, Italy , 4 February 1655. Having entered the Society of Jesus in 1594, he became professor of Sacred Scripture and moral theology at Milan; superior at Cremona, Milan, and Genoa; rector of the Roman College; and provincial at Milan and Rome. His exegetical work is deservedly famous; he studied the text in the original and sought to find the literal meaning in the Bible and the Fathers; in this he was aided by his vast knowledge of Jewish antiquities.
Fuente: New Catholic Dictionary
Menochio, Giovanni Stefano
Jesuit biblical scholar, b. at Padua, 1575; d. in Rome, 4 Feb., 1655. He entered the Society of Jesus, 25 May, 1594. After the usual years of training and teaching the classics, he became professor of sacred scripture and then of moral theology at Milan; thereafter began his long life of superiorship. He was successively superior of Cremona, Milan, and Genoa, rector of the Roman College, provincial of the provinces of Milan and Rome, assistant of Italy, and admonitor to the Fathers-General Caraffa and Piccolomini. The exegetical work of Menochio is still deservedly famous. His first essay along this line was a politico-Biblical study: “Hieropoliticon, sive Institutiones Politicæ e Sacris Scripturis depromptæ”, 956 pages (Lyon, 1625). This book on theocratic politics was dedicated to Cardinal Alessandro Orsini. A second edition (Cologne, 1826) was dedicated to Ferdinand III. The Jesuit poet Sarbewski made this study the subject of an ode (see “Lyrica”, II, n. 18).
The next year there appeared an economic study of the Bible: “Institutiones Oeconomicæ ex Sacris Litteris depromptæ”, 543 pages (Lyon, 1627). The author translated into Italian these lessons on the care of one’s own household; this translation was a posthumous publication: “Economia Christiana”, 542 pages (Venice, 1656). The work by which Menochio lives and will live is his “Brevis Explicatio Sensus Literalis Sacræ Scripturæ optimus quibusque Auctoribus per Epitomen Collecta”, 3 vols., 115 pages, 449, 549+29 (Cologne, 1830). Many other editions of this commentary have been published in many lands: Cologne, 1659; Antwerp, 1679; Lyons, 1683, 1697, 1703; the revised edition of Tournemine, S. J., published at Paris, 1719, 1721, 1731; Avignon, 1768; Ghent, 1829; the enlarged and revised edition of Zaccaria, S. J., published at Venice, 1743, 1755, 1761. The scholia of Menochio are introduced into the “Bibla Magna” and the “Bibla Maxima” of de La Haye; the “Bibla Sacra” of Lucas Brugensis; the “Cursus Script. Sacr.” of Migne; fourteen editions of the “Sainte Bible” of Carrière, S. J.; and “La Sainte Bible” of Drioux (Paris, 1873).
The clearness, brevity, and critical acumen of Menochio have won him the praise of friend and foe. The father of modern criticism, Simon, though not at all in sympathy with the orthodoxy of the Jesuit, says “C’est un des plus judicieux scoliates que nous a yons tant sur le Vieux que sur le Nouveau Testament” (Hist. Crit. du N. T., xliv). Reusch (Kirchenlex) prefers the notes of Menochio to those of Sa and Mariana. The method of this great commentator was that of the great Catholic exegetes of to-day: a method which sought to find the literal meaning of the Holy Writ in the Bible and the Fathers. Menochio studied the text in its original , and brought to bear upon that study a vast store of knowledge of Jewish antiquities.
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Sommervogel, Bibliothèque de la Compagnie de J., V, IX.
WALTER DRUM
The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume XCopyright © 1911 by Robert Appleton CompanyOnline Edition Copyright © 2003 by K. KnightNihil Obstat, October 1, 1911. Remy Lafort, S.T.D., CensorImprimatur. +John Cardinal Farley, Archbishop of New York