Shammah
SHAMMAH
1. One of the three chiefs of David’s thirty heroes, who shared with David and Eleazar the honor of the exploit recorded in 2Sa 23:11,12 ; 1Ch 11:12-14 . Another feast is described in 2Sa 23:13- 17.2. A brother of David, 1Sa 16:9 ; 17:13; elsewhere called Shimeah, 2Sa 13:3,22 ; 1Ch 2:13 .Others of this name are mentioned, Gen 36:13,17 ; 2Sa 23:25,33 ; 1Ch 11:27 ; 27:8.
Fuente: American Tract Society Bible Dictionary
Shammah
(Heb. Shammah’, , astonishment or desolation), the name of four or five Hebrews.
1. (Sept. v.r. in Chron. .) Son of Reuel and head of a family along Esau’s descendants (Gen 36:13; Gen 36:17; 1Ch 1:7). B.C. ante 1850. David (1Sa 16:9; 1Sa 17:13). From these two passages we learn that he was present at David’s anointing by Samuel, and that with his two elder brothers he joined the Hebrew army in the valley of Elah to fight with the Philistines. B.C. 1068. He is elsewhere, by a slight change in the name, called SHIMEA SEE SHIMEA [q.v.] (1Ch 20:7), SHIMEAH (2Sa 13:3; 2Sa 13:32), and SHIMMA (1Ch 2:13).
3. (Sept. v vr. .) The son of Agee the Hararite, and one of the three chief of the thirty champions of David. B.C. 1061. The exploit by which he obtained this high distinction, as described in 2Sa 23:11-12, is manifestly the same as that which in 1Ch 11:12-14 is ascribed to David himself, assisted by Eleazar, the son of Dodo. The inference, therefore, is that Shammah’s exploit lay in the assistance which he had thus rendered to David and Eleazar. It consisted in the stand which the others had enabled David to make, in a cultivated field, against the Philistines. Shammah also shared in the dangers which Eleazar and Jashobeam incurred in the chivalric exploit of forcing a way through the Philistine host to gratify David’s thirst for the waters of Bethlehem (2Sa 23:16). Kitto. The scene of Shammah’s exploit is said in Samuel to be a field of lentiles ( ), and in 1 Chronicles a field of barley ( ). Kennicott proposes in both cases to read barley, the words being in Hebrew so similar that one is produced from the other by a very slight change and transposition of the letters (Dissert. p. 141). It is more likely, too, that the Philistines should attack and the Israelites defend a field of barley than a field of lentiles. In the Peshito-Syriac, instead of being called the Hararite, he is said to be from the king’s mountain, and the same is repeated at 2Sa 23:25. The Vat. MS. of the Sept. makes him the son of Asa ( , where was perhaps the original reading). Josephus (Ant. 7, 12, 4) calls him Cesaboeus the son of Ilus ( ),
4. (Sept. v.r. .) The Harodite, one of David’s mighties (2Sa 23:25). He is called Shammoth the Harorite in 1Ch 11:27, and in 27:8 Shamhuth the Izrahite. Kennicott maintained the true reading in both to be Shamhoth the Harodite (Dissert. p. 181). He is evidently different from the preceding, as still ranking among the lower thirty. 2Sa 23:32-33, we find Jonathan, Shammah the Hararite; while in the corresponding verse of 1Ch 11:34 it is Jonathan, the son of Shage the Hararite. Combining the two, Kennicott proposes to read Jonathan, the son of Shamha, the Hararite, David’s nephew who slew the giant in Gath (2Sa 21:21). Instead of the Hararite, the Peshito-Syriac has of the Mount of Olives; in 23:33, and in 1Ch 11:34, of Mount Carmel; but the origin of both these interpretations is obscure. The term Hararite (q.v.) may naturally designate a mountaineer, i.e. one from the mountains of Judah. Not only is the name Shammah here suspicious, as having already been assigned to two men in the list of David’s heroes, but the epithet Shage is suspiciously similar to Agee, and Harorite to Hararite given above. SEE DAVID.
Fuente: Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature
Shammah
desert. (1.) One of the “dukes” of Edom (Gen. 36:13, 17).
(2.) One of the sons of Jesse (1 Sam. 16:9). He is also called Shimeah (2 Sam. 13:3) and Shimma (1 Chr. 2:13).
(3.) One of David’s three mighty men (2 Sam. 23:11, 12).
(4.) One of David’s mighties (2 Sam. 23:25); called also Shammoth (1 Chr. 11:27) and Shamhuth (27:8).
Fuente: Easton’s Bible Dictionary
Shammah
1. Gen 36:13; Gen 36:17; 1Ch 1:37.
2. Jesse’s third son, SHIMEA, SHIMEAH, SHIMMA (1Sa 16:9; 1Sa 16:13); present at David’s anointing and at the battle with Goliath (1Sa 17:13). (See SHIMMA.)
3. One of David’s three mighties; son of Agee the Hararite. Single handed he withstood the Philistines in a field of lentils (“barley” according to 1Ch 11:13-14; 1Ch 11:27, where also by a copyist’s error Shammah is omitted and the deed attributed to Eleazar), when the rest fled before them and Jehovah by him wrought a great victory (2Sa 23:11-12). 2Sa 23:4. (See SHAMHUTH.)
5. 2Sa 23:32-33, instead of “Jonathan Shammah,” should read “Jonathan son of Shage,” or combining both as Kennicott suggests, “Jonathan son of Shamha” (1Ch 11:34).
Fuente: Fausset’s Bible Dictionary
Shammah
SHAMMAH.1. Son of Reuel, son of Esau, a tribal chief (Gen 36:13). 2. Third son of Jesse, present when Samuel sought a successor to Saul (1Sa 16:9); with Saul in the battlefield when David visited the camp (1Sa 17:13). He is the same as Shimeah, father of Jonadab (2Sa 13:3), the Shimea of 1Ch 2:16, and the Shimei, father of Jonathan who slew the giant (2Sa 21:21). In 1Ch 20:7 Jonathan is called son of Shimea. 3. Son of Agee, a Hararite, one of the three mighty men of David. Alone he held the field against the Philistines (2Sa 23:11). The parallel passage, 1Ch 11:10 f., wrongly attributes the feat to Eleazar. He is probably identical with Shammah, the Harodite (Hararite) of 2Sa 23:25. 2Sa 23:38 should read Jonathan son of Shammah, the Hararite. In 1Ch 11:34, son of Shage is probably confused with son of Agee. Read, with Lucian, son of Jonathan. Shimei, son of Ela (1Ki 4:18), should also appear here if we accept Lucians reading of Ela for Agee (2Sa 23:11). 4. An officer in Davids employ, called Shammoth in 1Ch 11:27, and Shamhuth in 1Ch 27:8. Probably the same as No. 3.
J. H. Stevenson.
Fuente: Hastings’ Dictionary of the Bible
Shammah
See Jehovah-Shammah
Fuente: The Poor Mans Concordance and Dictionary to the Sacred Scriptures
Shammah
shama (, shammah):
(1) The son of Reuel, the son of Esau, a tribal chief of Edom (Gen 36:13, Gen 36:17; 1Ch 1:37, , Some).
(2) The third son of Jesse and brother of David. Together with his two other brothers he fought under Saul in the campaign against the Philistines and was with the army in the valley of Elah when David slew Goliath (1Sa 17:13 ff). One redactor states that he was a witness of the anointing of David by Samuel (1Sa 16:1-13). He was the father of Jonadab, the friend of Amnon (2Sa 13:3 ff), and that Jonathan whose victory over a Philistine giant is narrated in 2Sa 21:20 ff was also his son. His name is rendered as Shammah (1Sa 16:9; 1Sa 17:13), Shimeah (2Sa 13:3, 2Sa 13:12), Shimei (2Sa 21:21), and Shimea (1Ch 2:13; 1Ch 20:7).
(3) The son of Agee, a Hararite, one of the three mighty men of David (2Sa 23:11, Septuagint , Samaia), who held the field against the Philistines. The parallel passage (1Ch 11:10 ff) ascribes this deed to Eleazar, the son of Dodo. The succeeding incident (2Sa 23:13 ff), namely, the famous act of three of David’s heroes who risked their lives to bring their leader water from the well of Bethlehem, has frequently been credited to Shammah and two other members of the three; but the three warriors are plainly said (2Sa 23:13) to belong to the thirty; 2Sa 23:33 should read Jonathan, son of Shammah, the Hararite. Jonathan, one of David’s thirty, was a son of Shammah; the word son has been accidentally omitted (Driver, Budde, Kittel, etc.). The parallel passage (1Ch 11:34) has son of Shagee, which is probably, a misreading for son of Agee. Lucian’s version, son of Shammah, is most plausible. Shimei the son of Ela (1Ki 4:18) should also appear in this passage if Lucian’s reading of Ela for Agee (2Sa 23:11) be correct.
(4) A Harodite (2Sa 23:25, 2Sa 23:33), i.e. probably a native of Ain-harod (Ain Jalud, Jdg 7:1; see HAROD). One of the thirty and captain of Solomon’s 5th monthly course. In the parallel lists (1Ch 11:27) he is called the Harorite (this last being a scribal error for Harodite) and Shamhuth the Izrahate (1Ch 27:8).
Fuente: International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
Shammah
Shammah (astonishment), one of the three chief of the thirty champions of David. The exploit by which he obtained this high distinction, as described in 2Sa 23:11-12, is manifestly the same as that which in 1Ch 11:12-14, is ascribed to David himself, assisted by Eleazar the son of Dodo. The inference, therefore, is that Shammah’s exploit lay in the assistance which he thus rendered to David and Eleazar. It consisted in the stand which the others enabled David to make, in a field of lentiles, against the Philistines. Shammah also shared in the dangers which Eleazar and Jashobeam incurred in the chivalric exploit of forcing a way through the Philistine host to gratify David’s thirst for the waters of Bethlehem (2Sa 23:16).
Other persons of this name occur. 2. A son of Reuel (Gen 36:13; Gen 36:17). 3. A brother of David (1Sa 16:9; 1Sa 17:13), who is elsewhere called Shimeah (2Sa 13:3; 2Sa 13:32) and Shimma (1Ch 2:13). 4. One of David’s thirty champions, seemingly distinct from the chief of the same name (2Sa 23:33). 5. Another of the champions distinguished as Shammah the Harodite; he is called Shammoth in 1Ch 11:27, and Shamhuth in 1Ch 27:8. That three of the thirty champions should bear the same name is somewhat remarkable.
Fuente: Popular Cyclopedia Biblical Literature
Shammah
[Sham’mah]
1. Son of Reuel, a son of Esau. Gen 36:13; Gen 36:17; 1Ch 1:37.
2. Son of Jesse and brother of David. 1Sa 16:9; 1Sa 17:13. Called SHIMEAH in 2Sa 13:3; and SHIMMA in 1Ch 2:13.
3. Son of Agee a Hararite and one of David’s mighty men. 2Sa 23:11.
4, 5. Two of David’s mighty men, one a Harodite and the other a Hararite. 2Sa 23:25; 2Sa 23:33.
Fuente: Concise Bible Dictionary
Shammah
H8048
1. Son of Reuel
Gen 36:13; Gen 36:17; 1Ch 1:37
2. David’s brother
– General references
1Sa 16:9; 1Sa 17:13
– Called Shimeah
2Sa 13:3; 2Sa 13:32; 2Sa 21:21
– Called Shimma
1Ch 2:13
– Called Shimea
1Ch 20:7
3. One of David’s mighty men, son of Agee
2Sa 23:11-12
4. One of David’s mighty men
2Sa 23:25
– Called Shammoth
1Ch 11:27
5. A Hararite, one of David’s mighty men
2Sa 23:33
Fuente: Nave’s Topical Bible
Shammah
Sham’mah. (astonishment).
1. The son of Reuel, the son of Esau. Gen 36:13; Gen 36:17; 1Ch 1:37. (B.C. about 1700).
2. The third son of Jesse, and brother of David. 1Sa 16:9; 1Sa 17:13. Called also Shimea, Shimeah and Shimma.
3. One of the three greatest of David’s mighty men. 2Sa 23:11-17. (B.C. 1061).
4. The Harodite, one of David’s mighties. 2Sa 23:25. He is called “Shammoth, the Harorite” in 1Ch 11:27, and “Shamhuth, the Izrahite.” 1Ch 27:8.
5. In the list of David’s mighty men in 2Sa 23:32-33, we find “Jonathan, Shammah, the Hararite;” while in the corresponding verse of 1Ch 11:34 it is Jonathan. See Shamhuth; Shammoth.