Shishak
SHISHAK
A king of Egypt, who declared war against Rehoboam king of Judah in the fifth year of his reign. He entered Judah, B. C. 971, with an innumerable multitude of people out of Egypt, the countries of Lubim, of Suchim, and of Cush, captured the strongest places in the country, and carried away from Jerusalem the treasures of the Lord’s house and of the king’s palace, as well as the golden bucklers of Solomon.Jeroboam having secured the friendship of Shishak, his territories were not invaded, 1Ki 11:40 14:25,26 2Ch 12:2-9 . Shishak is generally believed to have been the Sesonchis of secular history, the first king of the twenty-second or Budastine line. He dethroned the dynasty into which Solomon married, 1Ki 3:1, and made many foreign conquests. In the palace-temple of Karnak in Egypt, the walls of which are yet standing, Sesonchis is represented in a large basrelief, dragging captive kings in triumph before the three chief Theban gods. Each country or city is personified, and its name written in an oval above it. One of these figures, with Jewish features, has an inscription, which Campollion interprets, “kingdom of Judah.” Several other symbols are thought to denote as many walled towns of Judah, captured by Shishak. See PHARAOH.
Fuente: American Tract Society Bible Dictionary
Shishak
(Heb. Shishak’, [so the margin] but the text has Shushak’ or Shoshak’, ]; Sept ; Vulg. Sesac), a king of Egypt contemporary with Jeroboam, to whom he gave an asylum when he fled from Solomon (1Ki 11:40). This was indicative of his politic disposition to encourage the weakening of the neighboring kingdom, the growth of which; under David and Solomon, was probably regarded by the kings of Egypt with some alarm. After Jeroboam had become king of Israel, and probably at his suggestion, Shishak invaded the kingdom of Judah, B.C. 971, at the head of an immense, army and after having taken the fortified places, advanced against Jerusalem. Satisfied with the submission of Rehoboam, and with the immense spoils of the Temple the king of Egypt withdraw without imposing any onerous conditions on the humbled grandson of David, (14:25, 26; 2Ch 12:2-9) The importance of this connection beteen the Hebrew and Egyptian annals justifies a full treatment of the subject, which we get from the latest archaelogical investigations. SEE JUDAH, KING OF.
I. Name.We see above an uncertainty in the Hebrew, form of Shishak’s name. Josephus Graecizes the name as Susacus (, Ant. 7, 5, 3; 8, 7, 8). He has generally been recognized as the Sesonchis: () of Manetho, and the Sheshenk or Sheshonk I of the monuments, first sovereign of the Bubastite, or twenty-second, dynasty. The accompanying cartouches present his name as written in hieroglyphics. The followig is a transcription aind translation of the second oval, containing more particularly his royal title, which reads Amenem Sheshenk, i.e. Sacred to Shishak.
II. History. In order to render the following observations clear, it will be necessary to say a few words on the history of Egypt before the accession of Sheshenk I. On the decline of the Theban line or Rameses family (the twentieth dynasty), two royal houses appear to have arisen. At Thebes the high priests of Amen, after a virtual usurpation; at last took the regal title, and in Lower Egypt a Tanitic dynasty (Manetho’s twenty-first) seems to have gained royal power. But it is possible that there was but one line between the twentieth and twenty-second dynasties, and that the high priest kings belonged to the twenty-first. The origin of the royal line of which Sheshenk I was the head is extremely obscure. Mr. Birch’s discovery that several of the names of the family are Shemitic has led to the supposition that, it was of Assyrian or Babylonian origin. Shishak, , may be compared with Sheshak, , a name of Babylon (rashly thought to be for Babel by Atbash); Usarken has been compared with Sargon, and Tekerut with Tiglath in Tiglath-pileser. If there were any doubt as to these identifications, some of which, as the second and third cited, are certainly conjectural, the name Namuret, Nimrod, which occurs as that of princes of this line, would afford conclusive evidence, and it is needless here to compare other names, though those occurring in the genealogies of the dynasty, given by Lepsius, well merit the attention of Shemitic students (22 agypt. Konigsdyn. And konigsbuch). It is worthy of notice that the name nimrod, and the designation of zerah (perhaps a king of this line, otherwise a general in its service), as the cushite, seem to indicate that the family sprang from a cushite origin.
They may possibly have been connected with the mashuwasha, a shemitic nation, apparently of libyans, for tekerut ii as prince is called great chief of the mashuwasha, and also great chief of the matu, or mercenaries; but they can scarcely have been of this people. Whether eastern or western cushites, there does not seem to be any evidence in favor of their having been nigritians; and as there is no trace of any connection between them and the twenty-fifth dynasty of ethiopians, they must rather be supposed to be of the eastern branch. Their names, when not Egyptian, are traceable to Shemitic roots, which is not. the case, so far as we know, with the ancient kings of Ethiopia, whose civilization is the same as that of Egypt. We find these foreign Shemitic names in the family of the high priest king Her-har, three of whose sons are called, respectively, Masaharata, Masakasharata, and Maten-neb, although the names of most of his other sons and those of his line appear to be Egyptian. This is not a parallel case to the preponderance of Shemitic names in the line of the twenty-second dynasty, but it warns us against too positive a conclusion. M. de Rouge, instead of seeing in those names of the twenty-second dynasty a Shemitic or Asiatic origin, is disposed to trace the line to that of the high priest kings. Manetho calls the twenty-second a dynasty of Bubastites, and an ancestor of the priest king dynasty bears the name Meri-bast, beloved of Bubastis. Both lines used Shemitic names, and both held the high priesthood of Amen (comp. Etude. sur une Stele Egyptienne, p. 203, 204). This evidence does not seem to us conclusive; for policy may have induced the line of the twenty-second dynasty to effect intermarriages with the family of the priest kings, and to assume their functions. The occurrence of Shemitic names at an earlier time may indicate nothing more than Shemitic alliances, but those alliances might not improbably end in usurpation. Lepsius gives a genealogy of Sheshenk I from the tablet of Har-p-sen from the Serapeum, which, if correct, decides the question (22 agypt. Konigsdyn. p. 267-269). In this, Sheshenk I is the son of a chief Namuret, whose ancestors, excepting his mother, who is called royal mother, not, as Lepsiaus gives it, royal daughter (Etude, etc., p. 203, note 2), are all untitled persons, and all but the princess bear foreign, apparently Shemitic, names. But, as M. de Rougd observes, this genealogy cannot be conclusively made out from the tablet, though we think it more probable than. he does (ibid. p. 203, and note 2).
Sheshenk I, on his accession, must have found the state weakened by internal strife and deprived of much of its foreign influence. In the time of the later kings of the Rameses family, two, if not three, sovereigns had a real or titular authority; but before the accession of Sheshenk it is probable that their lines had been united; certainly towards the close of the twenty- first dynasty a Pharaoh was powerful enough to lead an expedition into Palestine and capture Gezer (1Ki 9:16). Sheshenk took as the title of his standard He who attains royalty, by uniting the two regions [of Egypt] (De Rouge, Etude, etc., p. 204; Lepsius, Konigsbuch, 44, 567 A, a). He himself probably married the heiress of the Rameses family, while his son and successor, Usarken, appears to have taken to wife the daughter, and perhaps heiress, of the Tanitic twenty-first dynasty. Probably it was not until late in his reign that he was able to carry on the foreign wars of the earlier king who captured Gezer. It is observable that we trace a change of dynasty in the policy that induced Sheshenk, at the beginning of his reign, to receive the fugitive Jeroboam (1Ki 11:40). Although it was probably a constant practice for the kings of Egypt to show hospitality to fugitives of importance, Jeroboam would scarcely have been included in their class. Probably, it is expressly related that he fled to Shishak because he was well received as an enemy of Solomon. We do not venture to lay any stress upon the Sept. additional portion of 1 Kings 12, as the narrative there given seems irreconcilable with that of the previous chapter, which agrees with the Masoretic text. In the latter chapter Hadad (Sept. Ader) the Edomite flees from the slaughter of his people by Joab and David, to Egypt, and marries the elder sister of Tahpenes (Sept. Thekemina), Pharaoh’s queen, returning to Idumaea after the death of David and Joab. In the additional portion of the former chapter, Jeroboam already said to have fled to Shishak (Sept. Susakim) is married, after Solomon’s death, to an elder sister of Thekemina the queen. Between Hadad’s return and Solomon’s death, probably more than thirty years elapsed, certainly twenty. Besides, how are we to account for the two elder sisters? Moreover, Shishak’s queen, his only or principal wife, is called Karaama, which is remote from Tahpenes, or Thekemina. SEE TAHPENES.
The king of Egypt does not seem to have commenced hostilities during the powerful reign of Solomon. It was not until the division of the tribes that, probably at the instigation of Jeroboam, he attacked Rehoboam. The following particulars of this war are related in the Bible: In the fifth year of king Rehoboam, Shishak king of Egypt came up against Jerusalem, because they had transgressed against the Lord, with twelve hundred chariots and threescore thousand horsemen; and the people [were] without number that came with him out of Egypt. the Lubim, the Sukkiim, and the Cushim. And he took the fenced cities which [pertained] to Judah, and came to Jerusalem (2Ch 12:2-4). Shishak did not pillage Jerusalem, but exacted all the treasures of his city from Rehoboam, and apparently made him tributary (2Ch 12:5; 2Ch 12:9-12, especially 8). The narrative in Kings mentions only the invasion and the exaction (1Ki 14:25-26). The strong cities of Rehoboam are thus enumerated in an earlier passage And Rehoboam dwelt in Jerusalem, and built cities for defense in Judah. He built even Bethlehem, and Etam, and Tekoa, and Beth-zur, and Shoco, Adullam, and Gath, and Mareshah, and Ziph, and Adoraim, and Lachish, and Azekah, and Zorah, and Aijalon, and Hebron, which [are] in Judah and in Benjamin fenced cities (2Ch 11:5-10).
Shishak has left a record of this expedition sculptured on the wall of the Great Temple of Karnak. It is a list of the countries, cities, and tribes conquered or ruled by him, or tributary to him. In this list Champollion recognized a name which he translated the kingdom of Judah, and was thus led to trace the names of certain cities of Palestine. It is well to observe that this figure has not, as some have hastily conceived, been alleged to represent the king, but to personify the kingdom of Judah (Champollion, Systeme Hieroglyph. p. 205; Rosellini, Monumenti Storici, i, 15; Wilkinson, Anc., Egypt. 1, 37; Cory, Chronological Inquiry, p. 5). SEE REHOBOAM.
The list of Shishak in the original hieroglyphics is published by Rosellini, Monumenti Reali, No. 148; Lepsius, Denkmaler, Abth. 3, Bl. 252; and Brugsch, Geoqr. Inschr . 2, Taf. 24; commented upon by the latter (ibid. p. 56 sq.) and Dr. Blau (Zeitschr. d. deutsch. morgenland. Gesellsch. 15, 233 sq.). There are several similar geographical lists, dating for the most part during the period of the empire, but they differ from this in presenting few, if any, repetitions, and only one of them contains names certainly the same as some in the present. They are lists of countries, cities, and tribes forming the Egyptian empire, and so far records of conquest that any cities previously taken by the Pharaoh to whose reign they belong are mentioned. The list, which contains some of the names in Sheshenl’s, is of Thothmes 3, sixth sovereign of the eighteenth dynasty, and comprises many names of cities of Palestine, mainly in the outskirts of the Israelitish territory. It is important, in reference to this list, to state that Thotihmes III, in his twenty-third year, had fought a battle with confederate nations near Megiddo, whose territories the list enumerates. The narrative of the expedition fully establishes the identity of this and other towns in the list of Shishak. It is given in the document known as the Statistical Tablet of El- Karnakl (Birch, Annals of Thotuhmies 3, Archceologia [1853]; De Rougd, Rec. Arch. N. S. 11:347 sq.; Brugsch, Geogr. Inschr. ii. 32 sq.). The only general result of the comparison of the two lists is that in the later one the Egyptian article is in two cases prefixed to foreign names, Nekbu of the list of Thothmes III being the same as Penakbu of the list of Shishak, and Aameku of the former being the same as Peaakma of the latter. It will be perceived that the: list contains three classes of names mainly grouped together (1) Levitical and Canaanitish cities of Israel; (2) cities of Judah; and (3) Arab tribes to the south of Palestine. The occurrence together of Levitical cities was observed by Dr. Brugsch. It is evident that Jeroboam Was not at once firmly established, and that the Levites especially held to Rehoboam. Therefore it may have been the policy of Jeroboam to employ Shishak to capture their cities. Other cities in his territory were perhaps still garrisoned by Rehoboam’s forces or held by the Canaanites, who may have somewhat recovered their independence at this period. The small number of cities identified in the actual territory of Rehoboam is explained by the erasure of fourteen names of the part of the list where they occur. The identification of some names of Arab tribes is of great interest and historical value, though it is to be feared that further progress can scarcely be made in their part of the list.
The Pharaohs of the empire passed through northern Palestine to push their conquests to the Euphrates and Mesopotamia. Shishak, probably unable to attack the Assyrians, attempted the subjugation of Palestine and the tracts of Arabia which border Egypt, knowing that the Arabs would interpose an effectual resistance to any invader of Egypt. He seems to have succeeded in consolidating his power in Arabia, and we accordingly find Zerah in alliance with the people of Gerar, if we may infer this from their sharing his overthrow.
III. Chronology. The reign of Shishak offers the first determined synchronisms of Egyptian and Hebrew history. Its chronology must therefore be examined. We first give a table with the Egyptian and Hebrew data for the chronology of the dynasty, continued as far as l the time of Zerah, who was probably a successor of Shishak, in order to avoid repetition in treating of the latter. SEE ZERAH
Respecting the Egyptian columns of this table, it is only necessary to observe that, as a date of the twenty-third year of Usarken II occurs on the monuments, it is reasonable to suppose that the sum of the third, fourth, and fifth reigns should be twenty-nine years instead of twenty-five, being easily changed to KE (Lepsius, Konigsbuch, p. 85). We follow Lepsius’s arrangement, our Tekerut I, for instance, being the same as his.
The synchronism of Shishak and Solomon and that of Shishak and Rehoboam may be nearly fixed, as shown in the article SEE CHRONOLOGY. Lepsius, however, states that it is of the twenty-first year, correcting Champollion, who had been followed by Bunsen and others. (22 digypt. Konigsdyn. p. 272, note 1). It must therefore be supposed that the invasion of Judah took place in the twentieth, and not in the twenty-first, year of Shishak. The first year of Shishak would thus about correspond to the twenty-sixth of Solomon, and the twentieth to the fifth of Rehoboam.
The synchronism of Zerah and Asa is more difficult to determine. It seems, from the narrative in Chronicles, that the battle between Asa and Zerah took place early in the reign of the king of Judah. It is mentioned before an event of the fifteenth year of his reign, and afterwards we read that there was no [more] war unto the five and thirtieth year of the reign of Asa (2Ch 15:19). This is immediately followed by the account of Baasha’s coming up against Judah in the six and thirtieth year of the reign of Asa (Chronicles 16: 1). The latter two dates may perhaps be reckoned from the division of the. kingdom, unless we can read the fifteenth and sixteenth, for Baasha began to reign in the third year of Asa, and died after a reign of twenty-four years, and was succeeded by Elah, in the twenty- sixth year of Asa. It seems, therefore, most probable that the war with Zerah took place early in Asa’s reign, before his fifteenth year, and thus also early in the reign of Usarken II. The probable identification of Zerah is considered under that name. SEE EGYPT.
Fuente: Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature
Shishak
Sheshonk I in the monuments; first sovereign of the Bubastite 22nd dynasty. He comes before us without the ancient name of Pharaoh; he probably was a bold adventurer who supplanted the previous dynasty. Hence arose his hostility to Solomon, who was allied to a daughter of the former Pharaoh. By comparing Manetho and the monuments with 2Ch 12:2-9 and 1Ki 11:40; 1Ki 14:25-28, we infer that the first year of Shishak corresponds to Solomon’s 26th year, about 988 B.C. (980: Hincks); and the 20th of Shishak when he invaded Judah (969 B.C.) to Rehoboam’s fifth year. Zerah probably succeeded Shishak and attacked Judah before the 15tb year of Asa. The name Shishak answers to Sheshach (“Babylon”), as Usarken and Tekerut, his successors, answer to Sargon and Tiglath, Semitic names; Namuret (“Nimrod”) too is a name of princes of this line.
The tablet of Harpsen from the Serapeium (Lepsius) makes Shishak son of a chief named Namuret, whose ancestors are untitled and bear foreign names. Shishak took as the title of his standard “he who attains royalty by uniting the two regions of Egypt.” He married the heiress of the Rameses family; his son and successor took to wife the daughter of the Tanite 21st dynasty. A Pharaoh of the 21st dynasty took Gezer in Palestine from the Canaanites (1Ki 9:16) and gave it as a present to his daughter, Solomon’s wife. It was only late in his reign that Shishak could, like that Pharaoh, carry on foreign wars. Shishak early in his reign received Jeroboam the political exile, fleeing from Solomon, Jeroboam’s enemy, toward whom Shishak would feel only jealousy, having no He of affinity as the Pharaoh of the previous dynasty had. During Solomon’s powerful reign Shishak attempted no attack.
The division of the tribes under Rehoboam gave Shishak the opportunity which he sought. (See REHOBOAM.) With 1,200 chariots and 60,000 horsemen, and Lubim, Sukkiim and Cushim without number, he took Judah’s cities fortified by Rehoboam (2Ch 11:5-12) and came to Jerusalem (2Ch 12:2; 2Ch 12:4-5; 2Ch 12:9-12). (See SHEMAIAH.) Shishak has recorded this expedition on the wall of the great temple at Karnak; there is a list of the countries, cities and tribes, ruled, conquered, or made tributary by him, including many Jewish names, Taanach, Rehob, Mahanaim, Gibeon, Bethhoron, Kedemoth, Aijalon, Megiddo, Ibleam, Almon, Shoco, one of Rehoboam’s fenced cities, etc. Telaim, Beth Tappuah, Golan, the circle of Jordan, the valley (‘eemek), Beth Emek; Jos 19:27), the Negeb or S. of Judah, Jerahmeelites, Rekem (Petra), and the Hagarites, are all specified;
(1) the Levitical and Canaanite cities are grouped together;
(2) the cities of Judah;
(3) Arab tribes S. of Palestine. Champollion reads in the inscription “the kingdom of Judah.” Brugsch objects that the “kingdom of Judah” would be out of place as following names of towns in Judah, the supposed equivalent of “kingdom” (malkuwth) rather answers to “king” (melek). Shishak went to settle his protege, Jeroboam, in his northern kingdom, where he was endangered from the Levitical (2Ch 11:13) and the Canaanite towns in northern Israel not being in his hands; these Shishak reduced and banded over to him.
Shishak contented himself with receiving Rehoboam’s submission, and carrying away the accumulated temple treasures of David’s and Solomon’s reigns, the golden shields, etc.; and allowed him to retain Judah, lest Jeroboam should become strong. His policy was to leave the two petty kings as checks upon each other, letting neither gain strength enough to trouble himself. He was not strong enough to attack Assyria; so he contented himself with subjugating Palestine and the parts of Arabia bordering on Egypt, so as to make them an effectual barrier against Assyria’s advance. An inscription in the Silsilis quarries mentions the cutting of stone for the chief temple of Thebes in Shishak’s 22nd year. He appears in the temple at Thebes as “lord of both Upper and Lower Egypt.” The lotus and the papyrus are both upon the shields carried before him; the “nine bows” follow, symbolizing Libya.
Fuente: Fausset’s Bible Dictionary
Shishak
SHISHAK (Egyp. Shoshenk or Sheshonk I.).Founder of the 22nd Dyn. (c [Note: circa, about.] . b.c. 950). He reigned at least 21 years. Jeroboam fled to him (1Ki 11:40), and he plundered Jerusalem in the fifth year of Rehoboam (1Ki 14:25, 2Ch 12:2). A long list of Palestinian towns of Israel, as well as of Judah, was engraved by Sheshonk on the south wall of the temple of Karnak, but Jerusalem has not been recognized among the surviving names in the list. Max Mller suggests that these towns may not have been conquered but that they merely paid tribute, hence the appearance of Israelitish towns among them.
F. Ll. Griffith.
Fuente: Hastings’ Dictionary of the Bible
Shishak
shshak (, shshak (1Ki 14:25); , Sousakem):
1. Shishak, 952-930 BC:
Sheshonk or Sheshenq I, as he is called on the monuments, the founder of the XXIInd Dynasty, was in all probability of Libyan origin. It is possible that his claim to the throne was that of the sword, but it is more likely that he acquired it by marriage with a princess of the dynasty preceding. On the death of Pasebkhanu II, the last of the kings of the XXIst Dynasty, 952 BC, Shishak ascended the throne, with an efficient army and a well-filled treasury at his command. He was a warlike prince and cherished dreams of Asiatic dominion.
2. Patron of Jeroboam:
He had not long been seated on the throne when Jeroboam the son of Nebat, of the tribe of Ephraim, whom Solomon had promoted but afterward had cause to suspect, fled from the displeasure of his sovereign to the court of Shishak (1Ki 11:26 ff). There Jeroboam remained till the death of Solomon, when he returned to Canaan, and, on Rehoboam’s returning an unsatisfactory answer to the people’s demands for relief from their burdens, headed the revolt of the Ten Tribes, over whom he was chosen king with his capital at Shechem (1Ki 12:25 ff). Whether there was not in the XXIst Dynasty some kind of suzerainty of Egypt over Palestine, when Solomon married Pharaoh’s daughter and received with her Gezer as a dowry, seems not to be clearly established. It is, however, natural that Jeroboam’s patron in the day of adversity should take sides with him against Rehoboam, now that the kingdom was divided. Active support of Jeroboam would be in the line of his dreams of an eastern empire.
3. Syrian Campaign:
So it came to pass that in the 5th year of Rehoboam, Shishak came up against Jerusalem with 1,200 chariots, and 60,000 horsemen, and people without number out of Egypt, the Libyans, Sukkiim, and Ethiopians, and took the fenced cities of Judah, and came to Jerusalem. At the preaching of the prophet Shemaiah, Rehoboam and his people repented, and Jerusalem was saved from destruction, though not from plunder nor from servitude, for he became Shishak’s servant (2Ch 12:8). Shishak took away the treasures of the house of the Lord and the treasures of the king’s house, carrying off among the most precious of the spoils all the shields of gold which Solomon had made (1Ki 14:25 ff; 2Ch 12:1-9). From the Scripture narrative it does not appear that there was any occupation of Palestine by the Egyptian forces on this occasion.
4. Shishak’s Record at Karnak:
There is, however, a remarkable contemporary record of the campaign engraved on the south wall of the Temple of Amon at Karnak by Shishak himself. Not only is the expedition recorded, but there is a list of districts and towns of Palestine granted to his victories by Amon-Ra and the goddess of Thebes engraved there. A number of towns mentioned in the Book of Josh have been identified; and among the names of the list are Rabbath, Taanach, Gibeon, Mahanaim, Beth-horon and other towns both of Israel and Judah. That names of places in the Northem Kingdom are mentioned in the list does not imply that Shishak had directed his armies against Jeroboam and plundered his territories. It was the custom in antiquity for a victorious monarch to include among conquered cities any place that paid tribute or was under subjection, whether captured in war or not; and it was sufficient reason for Shishak to include these Israelite places that Jeroboam, as seems probable, had invited him to come to his aid. Among the names in the list was Jud-hamalek – Yudhmalk on the monuments – which was at first believed to represent the king of Judah, with a figure which passed for Rehoboam. Being, however, a place-name, it is now recognized to be the town Yehudah, belonging to the king. On the death of Shishak his successor assumed a nominal suzerainty over the land of Canaan.
Literature.
Flinders Petrie, History of Egypt, III, 227 ff; Maspero, Struggle of the Nations, 772 ff; Nicol, Recent Archaeology and the Bible, 222-25.
Fuente: International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
Shishak
Shishak, a king of Egypt contemporary with Jeroboam, to whom he gave an asylum when he fled from Solomon (1Ki 11:40). This was indicative of his politic disposition to encourage the weakening of the neighboring kingdom, the growth of which under David and Solomon was probably regarded by the kings of Egypt with some alarm. After Jeroboam had become king of Israel, and probably at his suggestion, Shishak invaded the kingdom of Judah, B.C. 971, at the head of an immense army; and after having taken the fortified places, advanced against Jerusalem. Satisfied with the submission of Rehoboam, and with the immense spoils of the Temple, the king of Egypt withdrew without imposing any onerous conditions upon the humbled grandson of David (1Ki 14:25-26; 2Ch 12:2-9). Shishak has been identified as the first king of the 22nd or Diospolitan dynasty, the Sesonchis of profane history. His name has been found on the Egyptian monuments. He is said to have been of Ethiopian origin, and it is supposed that, with the support of the military caste, he dethroned the Pharaoh who gave his daughter to Solomon (1Ki 3:1). In the palace-temple of Karnak there still exists a large bas-relief representing Sesonchis, who bears to the feet of three great Theban gods the chiefs of vanquished nations. To each figure is attached an oval, indicating the town or district which he represents. One of the figures, with a pointed beard and a physiognomy decidedly Jewish, bears on his oval, characters which M. Champollion interprets Yooda Melchi, or ‘kingdom of Judah.’ It is well to observe that this figure has not, as some have hastily conceived, been alleged to represent the king, but to personify the kingdom of Judah.
Fuente: Popular Cyclopedia Biblical Literature
Shishak
[Shi’shak]
King of Egypt, to whom Jeroboam fled for protection from Solomon. Shishak afterwards invaded Judah during the reign of Rehoboam, “because they had transgressed against the Lord.” He came with an immense army, took fenced cities, and pillaged Jerusalem and the temple. Shishak left an account of this expedition. It gives a long list of places conquered, among which are the names of many Jewish towns, as Taanach, Rehob, Mahanaim, Gibeon, Beth-horon, Kedemoth, Aijalon and Megiddo. 1Ki 11:40; 1Ki 14:25-26; 2Ch 12:2-9. See EGYPT.
Fuente: Concise Bible Dictionary
Shishak
H7895
King of Egypt.
Gives asylum to Jeroboam
1Ki 11:40
Spoils Jerusalem
1Ki 14:25-26; 2Ch 12:2-9
Fuente: Nave’s Topical Bible
Shishak
Shishak (sh-shk). King of Egypt, known as Sheshonk I. The first year of Shishak would about correspond to the 26th of Solomon, b.c. 989, and the 20th of Shishak to the 5th of Rehoboam. Shishak at the beginning of his reign received the fugitive Jeroboam, 1Ki 11:40; and it was probably at the instigation of Jeroboam that he attacked Rehoboam.
Fuente: People’s Dictionary of the Bible
Shishak
Shi’shak. King of Egypt, the Sheshonk I, of the monuments, first sovereign of the Bubastite twenty-second dynasty. His reign offers the first determined syncronism of Egyptian and Hebrew history. The first year of Shishak would about correspond to the 26th of Solomon, (B.C. 989), and the 20th of Shishak to the 5th of Rehoboam.
Shishak, at the beginning of his reign, received the fugitive Jeroboam, 1Ki 11:40, and it was, probably, at the instigation of Jeroboam, that he attacked Rehoboam. “He took the fenced cities which [pertained] to Judah, and came to Jerusalem.” he exacted all the treasures of his city from Rehoboam, and, apparently, made him tributary. 1Ki 14:25-26; 2Ch 12:2-9. Shishak has left a record of this expedition. sculptured on the wall of the great temple of El-Karnak. It is a list of the countries, cities and tribes conquered or ruled by him, or tributary to him.
Fuente: Smith’s Bible Dictionary
SHISHAK
king of Egypt
1Ki 11:40; 2Ch 12:2
Fuente: Thompson Chain-Reference Bible
Shishak
king of Egypt, declared war against Rehoboam in the fifth year of the reign of that prince, 2Ch 12:2-3, &c. This Shishak, according to Sir Isaac Newton, was the greatest conqueror, and the most celebrated hero, of all antiquity, being the son of Ammon, or the Egyptian Jupiter, and known to the Greeks by the name of Bacchus, Osiris, and Hercules; was the Belus of the Chaldeans, and the Mars or Mavors of the Thracians, &c. He made great conquests in India, Assyria, Media, Scythia, Phenicia, Syria, Judea, &c. His army was at last routed in Greece by Perseus; which, with other circumstances, compelled him to return home.