Tao
Tao
The Way, principle, cosmic order, nature. “The Tao that can be expressed in words is not the eternal Tao.” It is “vague and eluding,” “deep and obscure,” but “there is in it the form” and “the essence.” “In it is reality.” It “produced the One, the One produced the two, the two produced the three, and the three produced all things.” Its “standard is the Natural.” (Lao Tzu).
“Tao has reality and evidence but no action nor form. It may be transmitted, but cannot be received. It may be attained, but cannot be seen. It is its own essence, and its own root.” “Tao operates, and results follow.” “Tao has no limit.” “It is in the ant,” “a tare,” “a potsherd,” “ordure.” (Chuang Tzu, between 399 and 295 B.C.).
The Confucian “Way;” the teachings of the sage; the moral order, the moral life, truth, the moral law; the moral principle. This means “the fulfillment of the law of our human nature.” It is the path of man’s moral life. “True manhood (jen) is that by which a man is to be a man. Generally speaking, it is the moral law” (Mencius, 371-289 B.C.). “To proceed according to benevolence and righteousness is called the Way.” (Han Yu, 767-824).
The Way, which means following the Reason of things, and also the Reason which is in everything and which everything obeys. (Neo-Confucianism).
The Way or Moral Law in the cosmic sense, signifying “what is above the realm of corporeality,” and the “successive movement of the active (yang) and the passive principles (yin).” In the latter sense as understood both in ancient Confucianism and in Neo-Confucianism, it is interchangeable with the Great Ultimate (T’ai Chi). Shao K’ang-chieh (1011-1077) said that “The Moral Law is the Great Ultimate.” Chang Heng-ch’u (1022-1077) identified it with the Grand Harmony (Ta Ho) and said that “from the operation of the vital force (ch’i) there is the Way.” This means that the Way is the principle of being as well as the sum total of the substance and functions of things. To Ch’eng I-ch’uan (1033-1107) “There is no Way independent of the active (yang) principle and the passive (yin) principle. Yet it is precisely the Way that determines the active and passive principles. These principles are the constituents of the vital force (ch’i), which is corporeal. On the other hand, the Way transcends corporeality.” To Chu Hsi (1130-1200), the Way is “the Reason why things are as they are.” Tai Tung-yuan (1723-1777) understood it to mean “the incessant transformation of the universe,” and “the operation of things in the world, involving the constant flow of the vital force (ch’i) and change, and unceasing production and reproduction.”
— W.T.C.