Antipope
antipope
A false claimant to the Holy See in opposition to a pontiff canonically elected. The following is a list of the antipopes whose histories will be found in this document under their respective names:
Abert
Adalbert
Aleric
Amadeus VIII , Duke of Savoy
Anacletus II
Anastasius Bibliothecarius
Baldassare Cossa
Benedict X
Benedict XIII
Benedict XIV
Bernard Garnier
Boniface Franco
Boniface VII
Boccadipecora, Teobaldo
Bourdin, Maurice
Buccapecuc, Thebaldus
Cadalous, Pietro
Callistus III
Celestine II
Christopher
Clement III
Clement VII
Clement VIII
Clemente Domnguez y Gmez
Constantine II
Conti, Gregorio
Cossa, Baldassare
Crema, Guido of
Dioscorus
Eulalius
Franco, Boniface
Frangipani, Lando dei
Felix II
Felix V
Filagatto, John
Gil Sanchez Muoz
Giovanni of Struma
Gregorio Conti
Gregory VI
Gregory VIII
Gregory XVII
Guibert of Ravenna
Guido of Crema
Hippolytus , Saint
Honorius II
Innocent III
Jean Carrier
John
John XVI
John XXIII
John, Abbot of Struma
John, Bishop of Sabina
John Filagatto
John Mincius
John of Sabina
John of Struma
John Philagathus
Lando dei Frangipani
Lanzo of Sezza
Laurentius
Leo
Luna, Pedro de
Maginulf
Manuel Alonso Corral
Maurice Bourdin
Maurice Burdanus
Mincius, John
Muoz, Gil Sanchez
Nicholas V
Novatian
Octavius
Ottavio di Montecelio
Paschal
Paschal III
Peter II
Pietro Cadalous
Pedro de Luna
Philagathus, John
Philip
Pierleone, Pietro
Pietro Cadalus
Pietro Philarghi Alexander V
Pietro Pierleone
Pietro Rainalducci
Rainalducci, Pietro
Ravenna, Guibert of
Robert of Geneva
Sabina, John of
Struma, John of
Sylvester III
Sylvester IV
Teobaldo Boccadipecora
Thebaldus Buccapecuc
Theodore
Theodoric
Theofylact
Tiberius
Ursicinus
Ursinus
Victor IV (1138)
Victor IV (1159-1164)
New Catholic Dictionary
Fuente: New Catholic Dictionary
Antipope
A false claimant of the Holy See in opposition to a pontiff canonically elected. At various times in the history of the Church illegal pretenders to the Papal Chair have arisen, and frequently exercised pontifical functions in defiance of the true occupant. Hergenröther enumerates thirty in the following order:
Hippolytus (?), III century
Novatian, 251
Felix II, 355-365
Ursicinus, 366-367
Eulalius, 418-419
Laurentius, 498-501
Constantine II, 767
Philip, VIII century
Anastasius, 855
Leo VIII, 956-963
Boniface VII, 974
John XVI, X century
Gregory, 1012
Sylvester III, 1044
Benedict X, 1058
Honorius II, 1061-72
Guibert or Clement III, 1080-1100
Theodoric, 1100
Aleric, 1102
Maginulf, 1105
Burdin (Gregory VIII), 1118
Anacletus II, 1130-38
Victor IV, 1159-64
Pascal III, 1164-68
Calixtus III, 1168-77
Innocent III, 1178-80
Nicholas V, 1328-30
Robert of Geneva (Clement VII), 20 September, 1378 to 16 September, 1394
Amadeus of Savoy (Felix V), November, 1439 to April, 1449
[Note: See also Dioscorus (d. 530), and John XXIII (1370-1419)]
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Transcribed by Paul T. Crowley Dedicated to Pope John Paul II
The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume ICopyright © 1907 by Robert Appleton CompanyOnline Edition Copyright © 2003 by K. KnightNihil Obstat, March 1, 1907. Remy Lafort, S.T.D., CensorImprimatur. +John Cardinal Farley, Archbishop of New York
Fuente: Catholic Encyclopedia
Antipope
(from , against, i.e. a rival pope), a pontiff elected by the will of a sovereign, or the intrigues of a faction, in opposition to one canonically chosen. The emperors of Germany were the first to set up popes of their own nomination against those whom the Romans had elected without consulting them. Otho the Great displaced successively two bishops of Rome; and when Sylvester III had expelled from the capital of Christendom Benedict IX, whose profligacy had compromised in the eyes of all men the honor of the sovereign pontificate, Conrad II, king of Germany, brought back this worthless pastor, who hastened to sell his dignity to Gregory VI. As Benedict, however, soon repented of this transaction, there were now three popes at a time, and their number was increased to four by the election of Clement II in 1046. Shortly after, Alexander II found a rival in Honorius II; and in 1080 the same unseemly spectacle was witnessed, when Henry IV, emperor of Germany, elevated to the papal chair Guibert of Ravenna, under the title of Clement III, in opposition to his implacable adversary, Gregory VII. But after the death of Gregory Clement was himself opposed successively by Victor III and Urban II, and at last died at a distance from Rome, having just beheld the exaltation of Pascal II as the successor of Urban. During the twelfth century several antipopes flourished, such as Gregory VIII and Honorius III. On the death of the latter, France began to intermeddle in these disgraceful strifes, and upheld the cause of Innocent II against Anaclet; while the kings of Sicily, on the other hand, frequently set up a pontiff of their own against the choice of the emperors. The thirteenth and fourteenth centuries swarm with antipopes; but what specially deserves notice is the great schism of the West, produced by these shameless rivalries in 1378
a schism which divided the Church for fifty years. It broke out after the death of Gregory XI, at the election of Urban VI, whom the voice of the Roman people, demanding an Italian pope, and not one who should fix his pontificate, like several of his predecessors, at a distance from Rome, had elevated to the papal throne. The French cardinals objected, withdrew to Provence, and elected a new pope, under the name of Clement VII, who was recognised by France, Spain, Savoy, and Scotland; while Italy, Germany, England, and the whole north of Europe, supported Urban VI. These two popes excommunicated each other; nor did they even fear to compromise their sacred character by the most cruel outrages and the most odious insults. The schism continued after their death, when three popes made their appearance in the field, all of whom were deposed by the Council of Constance in 1415, and Cardinal Colonna elected in their room, under the title of Martin V. The last antipope was Clement VIII. With him the schism ceased; but the evil was done, and nothing could remedy it. The dogma of papal infallibility had received a mortal wound in the house of its friends, anl the scenticism induced on this point rapidly extended to others. SEE POPE; SEE PAPACY.
Antipope
the chief of a party who causes a schism in order to dethrone a pope lawfully elected, and to assume his place. Twenty-seven such illegal competitors for the papacy are reckoned from the third century to the present time, viz.:
1. Novatian, who disputed the see with Cornelius, in 251.
2. Ursinus, with pope Damasns, in 367.
3. Eulalius, with pope Boniface I, in 418.
4. Laureutius, with pope Symmachus, in 498.
5. Dioscorus, the deacon, with pope Boniface II, in 580.
6. Peter and Theodore, with pope Conon, in 686.
7. Theodore and Pascal, with pope Sergius, in 687.
8. Theophylact, with pope Paul I, in 757.
9. Constantine, forcibly held the see thirteen months after the death of Paul.
10. Philip, a monk. declared pope by the faction of Waldipertus, in -768.
11. Zosimus, disputed the see with pope Eugenius II, in 824.
12. Anastasius, with pope Benedict III, in 855.
13. Sergius, with pope Formosus, in 891.
14. Boniface, after the death of Formosus, in 896, driven out by pope Stephen VII.
15. Leo, disputed the see with popes John XII and Benedict V, in 955 and 964.
16. Gregory, with pope Benedict VIII.
17. Silvester III and John XXII contested the see with pope Benedict IX; all three resigned in favor of Gregory VI, in 1044.
18. Mincius (styled Benedict), contested the see with pope Nicholas II, in 1059.
19. Cadolaus (Honorius II), with Alexander II, 1061.
20. Guibert of Ravenna (Clement III), with Gregory VII, in 1073.
21. Theobald (Celestine II), with Honorius II, in 1124.
22. Peter (Anacletus II), with Innocent II, in 1130.
23. Octavianus (Victor IV), with Alexander III, in 1159.
24. Peter (Nicholas V); while the see was in France pope John XXII arrested him.
25. Robert (Clement VII), began the great schism in 1378, and held the’ see at Avignon, against popes Urbani VI and Boniface IX.
26. Peter of Luna (Benedict XI, XII, or XIII, according to different writers), held the see thirty years at Pehiscola, Spain, against Boniface IX and his successors.
27. Giles de Mufioz, a Spaniard (Clement VIII), opposed pope Martin V five years, viz. from 1424 to 1429.