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Avignonists a sect of Romanists which arose during the 18th century at Avignon, France, reviving the errors of the Collyridians (q v.). The originators of the Avignonists were Grabianca, a Polish nobleman, and Pernety, abbe of Burgal, a Benedictine to whom is attributed the work entitiled The Virtues, Power, Clemency, and Glory of May, the … Continue reading “Avignonists”

Avignon, University of The University of Avignon (1303-1792), developed from the already existing schools of the city, was formally constituted in 1303, by a Bull of Boniface VIII. With Boniface, King Charles II of Naples should be considered as one of its first great protectors and benefactors. The faculty of law, both civil and ecclesiastical, … Continue reading “Avignon, University of”

Avignon, Councils of Nothing is known of the council held here in 1060. In 1080 a council was held under the presidency of Hugues de Dié, papal legate, in which Achard, usurper of the See of Arles, was deposed, and Gibelin put in his place. Three bishops elect (Lautelin of Embrun, Hugues of Grenoble, Didier … Continue reading “Avignon, Councils of”

Avignon Residence of the popes 1309 -1317 , city in southeastern France , founded by the Romans as Avenio, 48 B.C. , and given by the Count of Toulouse to Pope Gregory IX, 1228 . It became independent, 1239 , and thereafter fell to the Kingdom of Naples . Pope Clement V established the papacy … Continue reading “Avignon”

Avidya (Skr.) Nescience; ignorance; the state of mind unaware of true reality; an equivalent of maya (q.v.); also a condition of pure awareness prior to the universal process of evolution through gradual differentiation into the elements and factors of knowledge. — K.F.L. Fuente: The Dictionary of Philosophy

Avicenna (ABN ALI AL HOSAIN IBN ABDALLAH IBN SINA, called by the Latins AVICENNA). Arabian physician and philosopher, born at Kharmaithen, in the province of Bokhara, 980; died at Hamadan, in Northern Persia, 1037. [Editor’s Note: Avicenna was actually Persian, not Arabian.] From the autobiographical sketch which has come down to us we learn that … Continue reading “Avicenna”

Avicehron (or Avencebrol, Salomon ibn Gabirol) The first Jewish philosopher in Spain, born in Malaga 1020, died about 1070, poet, philosopher, and moralist. His main work, Fons vitae, became influential and was much quoted by the Scholastics. It has been preserved only in the Latin translation by Gundissalinus. His doctrine of a spiritual substance individualizing … Continue reading “Avicehron”

Avicebron Salamo Ben Jehuda Ben Gebirol (or Gabirol), whom the Scholastics, taking him for an Arabian, called Avicebrol (this form occurs in the oldest manuscripts; the later manuscripts have Avicebron, etc.). Avicebron was a Jewish religious poet, moralist, and philosopher. He was born at Malaga in 1020 or 1021, and died at Saragossa in 1070. … Continue reading “Avicebron”

Avibus (or Osello), Gaspar.AB (or Patavinus) an Italian engraver, was born at Padua about 1530, and probably studied under Giorgio Ghisi. His principal work was a large volume, in five parts, containing the full-length portraits of the princes and emperors of the house of Austria, engraved in’ the style of Sadeler. The following are: some … Continue reading “Avibus (or Osello), Gaspar.AB (or Patavinus)”

Aviau (Du Bois De Sanzay), Charles Frangois D a French prelate, was born Aug. 7, 1736, at Bois of Sanzay, diocese of Poitiers. He studied at the school of the Jesuits at Fleche, and at the Seminary of St. Sulpice at Paris. He was at first canon and grandvicar of the diocese of Angers, and … Continue reading “Aviau (Du Bois De Sanzay), Charles Frangois D”