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Archites arkts (, ha-‘ark; the King James Version Archi): A clan mentioned in connection with the marking of the southern boundary of Joseph (Jos 16:2). The phrase ( , gebhul ha-‘ark ataroth) offers difficulties, and it has been suggested that the order of the last two words be changed to read the border of Ataroth-of-the-Archites. … Continue reading “Archites”

architecture, Renaissance Also known as neo-classic. A transitional style, which originated in the 15th century in Italy and was copied nearly a century later by France, Germany, and Spain. It is characterized by finely wrought arabesques, strings and cornices of classic profile, delicate pilasters and pediments, and a great profusion of surface color and ornament. … Continue reading “architecture, Renaissance”

architecture, Norman Division of the Romanesque style, originated by the Normans and introduced into England by William the Conqueror. To a limited extent the Normans retained the general style of the French churches, and borrowed from the early Gothic. The early period of Norman architecture is characterized by massiveness; the pillars were generally low and … Continue reading “architecture, Norman”

architecture, Lombardic The architecture of North Italy developed in the 9th and 10th centuries. An association of trained builders, the Commacini, named from an island in Lake Como, flourished at this period. The best examples of this style are two churches: Sant’ Ambrogio in Milan, and San Michele in Pavia. The eaves gallery built above … Continue reading “architecture, Lombardic”

architecture, Latin Early Christian architecture of historic Europe, so called because it was peculiar to the Latin Church, and was developed among the Latin races of Italy. It may be said to have first appeared during the reign of Constantine the Great, 306-337, and to have held its position until the 8th century. The churches … Continue reading “architecture, Latin”

architecture, Gothic The word “Gothic,” implying the extreme of barbarism, was a contemptuous and inaccurate term used by the Italians of the Renaissance to describe the architecture, Frankish-Norman in origin, of the Middle Ages. It may be fittingly called the “Catholic Style,” since it was the expression of the new civilization introduced by the Church … Continue reading “Architecture, Gothic”

architecture, ecclesiastical The architecture of Christian and Catholic edifices such as churches, cathedrals , chapels, and monasteries . Strictly Christian and Catholic styles are the Latin or Basilican, the Byzantine , Romanesque, and Gothic. Ecclesiastical architecture in general comprises: Early Christian , Latin, or Basilican, dating from the edict of Constantine (A.D. 313 ) to … Continue reading “Architecture, Ecclesiastical”

architecture, Byzantine Christian architecture of the East which supplanted the early forms held in common by East and West, characterized by exclusive use of vaulted roofs and rejection of wood in construction, balancing of thrusts by counter-thrusts instead of dead weight, and classic Roman structural elements modified by oriental ideas, of which the most important … Continue reading “architecture, Byzantine”

Architecture (Lat. architectura, from Gr. , a master builder), though usually ranked as a fine art, is not purely such in the sense that painting, sculpture, music, and poetry are, but must be ranked rather as an applied art. Buildings erected for dwelling, manufacture, merchandise, public business, education, worship, burial, or defense, serve, first and … Continue reading “Architecture”

Architectonic (Kant) (Gr. architektonikos; Ger. Architektonik) The formal scheme, structural design, or method of elucidation of a system. The architectonic of Kant’s system rests throughout the basic distinctions of the traditional logic. — O.F.K. Fuente: The Dictionary of Philosophy