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Animals, Cruelty to Pagan antiquity The first ethical writers of pagan antiquity to advocate the duty of kindness towards the brute creation were Pythagoras and Empedocles. Holding the doctrine of metempsychosis, or the transmigration of human souls into the bodies of lower animals after death, these philosophers taught that animals share in human rights, and … Continue reading “Animals, Cruelty to”

Animals, Clean and Unclean The first time we read of clean and unclean animals is when Noah went into the ark: he was instructed to take seven pairs of each of the clean beasts and clean fowls and only two of the unclean; we have no instructions as to how Noah distinguished them, but it … Continue reading “Animals, Clean and Unclean”

Animals or living creatures are often represented in sacred buildings within mouldings and on tombs merely as ornaments from early days, such as dolphins, doves, griffins, monsters, birds, and the like. In the mediaeval period, effigies rest their feet on a lion or dog, the types of constancy and strength; but in the catacomb and … Continue reading “Animals”

Animalitarianism A term used by Lovejoy in Primitivism and Related Ideas in Antiquity for the belief that animals are happier, more admirable, more “normal”, or “natural”, than human beings, — G.B. Fuente: The Dictionary of Philosophy

Animales (animals), an opprobrious epithet bestowed by the Origenites on persons who differed from them in opinion as to the resurrection of the body. The doctrine of the Origenites was that men would have spiritual bodies in the next world; and they ridiculed others who maintained that the same body, altered in quality but not … Continue reading “Animales”

Animal (designated by various Hebrews terms, rendered creature, living thing, cattle, etc.), an organized living body, endowed with sensation. SEE BEAST. The Hebrews distinguished animals into pure and impure, clean and unclean; or those which might be eaten and offered, and those whose use was prohibited. The sacrifices which they offered were: (a.) of the … Continue reading “Animal”

Anima Mundi the soul of the world, accords ing to some philosophical systems, a soul- substance penetrating the entire world in a similar way as the human soul penetrates the body. Whether the Pythagoreans assumed a particular anima mundi is not certain; but Plato regards the existence of the cosmos as essentially mediated through the … Continue reading “Anima Mundi”

Anima, College and Church of the, in Rome S. Maria dell’ Anima, the German national church and hospice in Rome, received its name, according to tradition, from the picture of Our Lady which forms its coat of arms (the Blessed Virgin between two souls). It was founded as early as 1350, as a private hospice … Continue reading “Anima, College and Church of the, in Rome”

Anima Christi, sanctifica me (Soul Of My Saviour, Sanctify My Breast!) Hymn usually found in the “Thanksgiving after Mass,” in the Missal. It was written in the 14th century by an unknown author. There are about 15 translations; the English title given is found in “Saint George’s Hymn Book.” It was a favorite prayer of … Continue reading “Anima Christi, sanctifica me”

Anima Christi This well-known prayer dates its origin from the first half of the fourteenth century and was enriched with indulgences by Pope John XXII in the year 1330. All the manuscripts practically agree as to these two facts so there can be no doubt of their exactness. In regard to its authorship all we … Continue reading “Anima Christi”