Bertha
Bertha
Of the various holy women bearing the name of Bertha, five are more particularly worthy of notice.
I. BERTHA, QUEEN OF KENT
Died c. 612. She was a Frankish princess, daughter of Charibert and the pious Ingoberga. In marrying the pagan King Ethelbert of Kent, she brought her chaplain Liudhard with her, and restored a Christian church in Canterbury, which dated form the Roman occupation, dedicating it to St. Martin. The present St. Martin’s at Canterbury occupies the same site. St. Augustine, who was sent by Gregory the Great to preach the Gospel in England in 596, no doubt owed much of his favourable reception to the influence of Bertha. St. Gregory in 601 addressed to her a letter of thanks, which is still preserved. It is printed in Haddan and Stubbs, III, 17. Ethelbert himself was baptized on Whitsunday in 597, and Canterbury became the mother-church of England. Bertha was sometimes styled “Saint”, but there is no clear evidence of cultus. (See, on this point, the poems of Reginald of Canterbury in the “Neues Archiv”, xiii.) Fuller accounts of Bertha will be found in Lingard, “Anglo-Saxon Church;” “Dict. Nat. Biog.”, Plummer, “Bede”, and Routledge, “Church of St. Martin”.
II. ST. BERTHA (VIRGIN AND MARTYR)
Abbess of Val d’Or, near Avenay, Reims, d. about 690. She was wife of St. Gumbert, Lord of Champenois, a nobleman of royal blood. He built a nunnery for his wife and her maidens at Avenay, and retired himself to a monastery on the coast, where he was soon afterwards put to death by pagan marauders. When the people of Avenay suffered form lack of water, St. Peter appeared to Bertha and showed her a field where there was a good spring. This she bought for a pound of silver. It became a holy well which cured diseases and supplied both her own nuns and the hamlet of Avenay with water. Bertha was martyred by Gumbert’s relatives, who were indignant at the distribution of his money to the poor. Whether the abbey founded at Avenay followed the Benedictine or the Columban Rule, does not seem certain even to Mabillon. The whole legend in fact is very late and unreliable. St. Bertha’s feast is on the 1st of May. (See Acta SS. for that day.)
III. ST. BERTHA (ABBESS OF BLANGY IN ARTOIS)
Died about 725. She was the daughter of Rigobert, Count of the Palace under Clovis II, and married Siegfried, a relation of the king. After twenty years, when he died, she determined to found a nunnery. Two buildings which she constructed fell down, but an angel in a vision guided her to another spot, and there after many difficulties a nunnery was built, which she entered with her two elder daughters, Deotila and Gertrude. A still later legend represents this Gertrude as much persecuted by the attentions of a great noble, Roger, who wished to marry her by force, but she was saved from his violence by her mother’s firm courage and trust in God. Some time before her death Bertha is said to have resigned her office of abbess and to have shut herself up in a little cell built against the church wall. But the whole story of Bertha, as Mabillon and the Bollandists agree, is of very late date and historically worthless. Her feast is kept on the 4th of July. (See Acta SS. for that day, and Décobert, “Ste. Berthe et son Abbaye de Blangy”, Lille, 1892).
IV. BLESSED BERTHA DE BARDI (ABBESS)
Born in Florence, date uncertain; died 24 March, 1163. She was the daughter of Lothario di Ugo, Count of Vernio, and is ordinarily called Bertha de Bardi, but the name should probably be d’Alberti. She joined the order of Vallombrosa, a branch of the Benedictines, at Florence, but she was soon sent to govern and reform a convent of the order at Cavriglia in Valdarno, where she lived famous for miracles until her death. (See Acta SS. for that day, and Soldani, “Vita di S. Berta”, Florence, 1731.)
V. BLESSED BERTHA DE MARBAIS
Died 1247. She was a Cistercian nun, who became the first abbess of a convent which was founded by Jane, Countess of Flanders, in 1127 at Marquette or Marchet, near Lille. She died on 18 July, and is briefly noticed on that day in the Acta SS. Bertha is called Blessed by the Cistercian chronicler, Henriquez, but the evidence of cultus is very slight.
Dunbar, Dictionary of Saintly Women (London, 1904); Chevalier, Repertoire des sources historiques: Bio-Bibliographie (Paris, 1905).
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HERBERT THURSTON Transcribed by Susan Birkenseer
The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume IICopyright © 1907 by Robert Appleton CompanyOnline Edition Copyright © 2003 by K. KnightImprimatur. +John M. Farley, Archbishop of New York
Fuente: Catholic Encyclopedia
Bertha
is a name common to several other saints.
1. Martyr and abbess at AVENAY, lived in the 7th century, and belonged to a noble family. She was at first married to St. Gumbert, but by mutual consent they separated, and built the abbey at Avenay near Rheims. She was killed by her step-sons. See Majoret, Vie de Sainte Berthe’ (Rheims, 1700); Bolland, Acta Sanctorum, Maji, i, 112; 7:539.
2. OF BARDI, was born about the beginning of the 12th century, of a noble family. In 1153 she was sent as superior to Cavriglia in the diocese of Fiesole, in order to reform the monastery there. She died in 1163. See Soldan, Relazione della Vita di S. Berta de Bardi (Florence, 1730); Bolland, Acta Sanctorum, Mart. 3, 492.
3. OF MARLAIS, widow of the count de Molenbais,was the first abbess of the monastery of Marquette in Flanders, and died in 1247. See Hist. Litt. Franc. 21:585.
4. OF HASSEL, who lived in the 13th century at Fahr, predicted count Rudolph of Hapsburg’s election to the imperial throne, when he gave his horse to the priest. See Stadler, Heiligen-Lexikon, 1, 470; Kaulen, in Wetzer u. Welte, Kirchenlexikon, s.v. (B. P.)