Corn
CORN
In the Bible, is the general word for grain of all kinds, including various seeds, peas, and beans. It never means, as in America, simply maize, or Indian corn. Palestine was anciently very fertile in grain, which furnished in a great measure the support of the inhabitants. “Corn, wine, and oil-olive” were the staple products, and wheat and barley still grow there luxuriantly, when cultivated. Wheat was often eaten in the field, the ripe ear being simply rubbed in the hands to separate the kernels, Deu 23:25 Mat 12:1 . Parched wheat was a part of the ordinary food of the Israelites, as it still is of the Arabs, Rth 2:14 2Sa 17:28,29 ; by the feet of cattle, Deu 25:4 ; or by “a sharp threshing instrument having teeth,” Isa 41:15, which was something resembling a cart, drawn over the corn by means of horses or oxen. See THRESHING.When the grain was threshed, it was separated from the chaff and dust by throwing it forward across the wind, by means of a winnowing fan, or shovel, Mat 3:12 ; after which the grain was sifted, to separate all impurities from it, 1Sa 9:9 Luk 22:31 . Hence we see that the threshing-floors were in the open air, and if possible on high ground, as travellers still find them in actual use, Jdg 6:11 2Sa 24:18 . The grain thus obtained was sometimes pounded in a mortar, Num 11:8 Jer 18:22, but was commonly reduced to meal by the hand-mill. This consisted of a lower millstone, the upper side of which was slightly concave, and an upper millstone, the lower surface of which was convex. These stones were each about two feet in diameter, and half a foot thick; and were called “the nether millstone,” and the rider, Job 41:24 Jdg 9:53 2Sa 11:21 . The hole for receiving the corn was in the center of the upper millstone; and in the operation of grinding, the lower was fixed, and the upper made to move round upon it with considerable velocity by means of a handle. The meal came out at the edges, and was received on a cloth spread under the mill on the ground. Each family possessed a mill, and the law forbade its being taken in pledge, Deu 24:6 ; one among innumerable examples of the humanity of the Mosaic legislation. These mills are still in use in the East, and in some parts of Scotland. Dr. E.D. Clarke says, “In the island of Cyprus I observed upon the ground the sort of stones used for grinding corn, called querns in Scotland, common also in Lapland, and in all parts of Palestine.” These are the primeval mills of the world; and they are still found in all corn countries where rude and ancient customs have not been liable to those changes introduced by refinement. The employment of grinding with these mills is confined solely to females, who sit on the ground with the mill before them, and thus may be said to be “behind the mill,” Exo 11:5 ; and the practice illustrates the prophetic observation of our Savior concerning the day of Jerusalem’s destruction: “Two women shall be grinding at the mill; one shall be taken and the other left,” Mat 24:41 . To this feminine occupation Samson was degraded, Jdg 16:21 . The women always accompany the grating noise of the stones with their voices; and when ten or a dozen are thus employed, the fury of the song rises to a high pitch. As the grinding was usually performed in the morning at daybreak, the noise of the females at the hand-mill was heard all over the city, and often awoke their more indolent masters. The Scriptures mention the want of this noise as a mark of desolation, Jer 25:10 Jer 18:22 .
Fuente: American Tract Society Bible Dictionary
Corn
See Wheat
Fuente: Plants Animals Of Bible
Corn
There are several words thus translated in the English version of the Scriptures, in which it is used in the proper sense of grain of any kind, and never in the American application of maize or Indian corn (Zea mays of Linn.), which it is generally thought was anciently unknown. In 1817, Parmentier (Nouveau Dictionnaire d’Hist. Naturelle, vol. 18), founding on the silence of Varro, Columella, Pliny, and the other agricultural and botanical writers of classical antiquity, concluded that maize was unknown till the discovery of America; and in 1834 Meyer asserted that nothing in botanical geography is more certain than the New-World derivation of maize (quoted by Duchartre in Orbigny’s Dict. d’Hist. Natur.). But since then, in the magnificent monograph (Hist. Naturelle du Mais, 1836), M’. Bonafous, the director of the Royal Garden of Agriculture at Turin, has shown that it is figured in a Chinese botanical work as old as the middle of the sixteenth century a time when the discoveries of Columbus could scarcely have penetrated to the Celestial Empire; and; what is more conclusive, in 1819 M. Rifaud discovered under the head of a mummy at Thebes not only grains, but leaves of Indian corn. Nor is it at all impossible that the of Homer and Theophrastus may include the plant in question. The wide diffusion of this corn through the Indian archipelago, and on the Indian continent itself, is in favor of the hypothesis which claims it as a native of the Old World; and if it was known to the Egyptians, nothing could be more natural than its early introduction into Palestine. SEE CEREALS.
1. The word , dagan’ (from its increase), which is rendered grain, corn, and sometimes wheat in the Auth. Vers., is the most general of the Hebrew terms representing corn, and is more comprehensive than any word in our language, seeing that it probably includes not only all the proper cereals, but also various kinds of pulse and seeds of plants, which we never comprehend under the name of corn, or even of grain. It may therefore be taken to represent all the commodities which we describe by the different words corn, grain, seeds, pease, beans. Among other places in which this word occurs, see Gen 27:28-37; Num 18:27; Deu 28:51; Lam 2:12,. etc. SEE GRAIN.
2. There is another word, bar (i e. winnowed), which denotes any kind of cleansed corn, that is, corn purified from the chaff and fit for use (Gen 41:35-49; Pro 11:26; Jer 4:11; Joe 2:24). The same word is more rarely used to describe corn in a growing state (Psa 65:13). It elsewhere signifies the open fields or country. SEE LAND.
3. The word , she’ber (broken, i.e. grist), which is sometimes rendered corn, denotes in a general sense provisions or victuals, and by consequence corn, as the principal article in all provisions (Gen 42:1-2; Gen 42:20; Exo 8:5; Neh 10:32, etc.). SEE VICTUALS.
4. The Greek corresponds to the first two of the above Hebrew words, for which it often stands in the Sept. (Mat 3:12; Luk 3:17; Joh 12:24; Act 7:12, etc.). SEE EAR (of corn).
The other words occasionally translated corn in the Bible are , belil’ (Job 24:6), provender (Isa 30:24) or fodder (Job 6:5); , go’ren (Deu 16:13), elsewhere threshing-floor; , kamah’ (Deu 16:9; Isa 17:5), standing corn, as often elsewhere; (Joh 12:24), a grain of any kind, as elsewhere; and (Mat 12:1), a corn-field, as elsewhere; besides kindred or different tarins rendered beaten corn, standing corn, cars of corn, heap of corn, corn ground, etc. A single ear is , shibboleth; pounded wheat,’ , riphoth’ (2Sa 17:19; Pro 27:22). The most coninmon kinds of corn were wheat, , chittah’; barley, , seorah’; spelt, (A. V., Exo 9:32, and Isa 28:25, rye; Eze 4:9, fitches), , kusse’meth (or in plur. form , kussemimn’); and millet, , do’chazs: oats are mentioned only by rabbinical writers. The doubtful word , sorah’, rendered principal, as an epithet of wheat, in the A. V. of Isa 28:25, is probably not distinctive of any species of grain (see Gesenius, s.v.). The different products coming under the denomination of corn are noticed under the usual heads, as BARLEY, WHEAT, etc.; their culture under AGRICULTURE; their preparation under SEE BREAD, SEE FOOD, SEE MILL, etc.
Corn crops are still reckoned at twenty-fold what was sown, and were anciently much more. Seven ears on one stalk’ (Gen 41:22) is no unusual phenomenon in Egypt at this day. The many-eared stalk is also common in the wheat of Palestine, and it is of course of the bearded kind. The heap of wheat set about with lilies’ (which probably grew in the field together with it) may allude to a custom of so decorating the sheaves (Son 7:2). Wheat (see 2Sa 4:6) was stored in the house for domestic purposes-the midst of the house’ meaning the part more retired than the common chamber where the guests were accommodated. It is at present often kept in a dry well, and perhaps the ground corn’ of 2Sa 17:19, was meant to imply that the well was so used. From Solomon’s time (2Ch 2:10; 2Ch 2:15), i.e. as agriculture became developed under a settled government, Palestine was a corn-exporting country, and her grains were largely taken by her commercial neighbor Tyre (Eze 27:17; comp. Amo 8:5). Plenty of corn’ was part of Jacob’s blessing (Gen 27:28; comp. Psa 65:13). The store-houses’ mentioned 2Ch 32:28, as built by Hezekiah, were perhaps in consequence of the havoc made by the Assyrian armies (comp. 2Ki 19:29); without such protection, the country, in its exhausted state, would have been at the mercy of the desert marauders. Grain crops were liable to , yerakon’, mildew’ and , shiddaphon’, blasting’ (see 1Ki 8:37), as well as, of course, to fire by accident or malice (Exo 22:6; Jdg 15:5). Some good general remarks will be found in Saalschutz, Archaol. d. Hebr. SEE HUSBANDRY.
Fuente: Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature
Corn
The word so rendered (dagan) in Gen. 27:28, 37, Num. 18:27, Deut. 28:51, Lam. 2:12, is a general term representing all the commodities we usually describe by the words corn, grain, See ds, peas, beans. With this corresponds the use of the word in John 12:24.
In Gen. 41:35, 49, Prov. 11:26, Joel 2:24 (“wheat”), the word thus translated (bar; i.e., “winnowed”) means corn purified from chaff. With this corresponds the use of the word in the New Testament (Matt. 3:12; Luke 3:17; Acts 7:12). In Ps. 65:13 it means “growing corn.”
In Gen. 42:1, 2, 19, Josh. 9:14, Neh. 10:31 (“victuals”), the word (sheber; i.e., “broken,” i.e., grist) denotes generally victuals, provisions, and corn as a principal article of food.
From the time of Solomon, corn began to be exported from Palestine (Ezek. 27:17; Amos 8:5). “Plenty of corn” was a part of Issac’s blessing conferred upon Jacob (Gen. 27:28; comp. Ps. 65:13).
Fuente: Easton’s Bible Dictionary
Corn
Wheat, barley, spelt (as the Hebrew for “rye,” Exo 9:32, ought to be translated, for it was the common food of the Egyptians, called doora, as the monuments testify; also in Eze 4:9 for “fitches” translated “spelt”.) “Principal wheat,” i.e. prime, excellent (Isa 28:25). “Seven ears on one stalk” (Gen 41:22) is common still in Egypt. The sheaves in harvest used to be decorated with the lilies of the field, which illustrates Son 7:2. “Plenty of grain” was part of Jacob’s blessing (Gen 27:28).
From Solomon’s time the Holy Land exported grain to Tyre (Eze 27:17). See Amo 8:5. It is possible Indian grain or maize was known and used in Palestine as it was at Thebes in Egypt, where grains and leaves of it have been found under mummies. The wheat root will send up many stalks, but never more than one ear upon one stalk. But seven full ears upon one maize grain stalk have often been found. Maize grain in the milky state roasted is delicious: this, if meant in Lev 2:14, would give zest to the offering.
Fuente: Fausset’s Bible Dictionary
Corn
CORN.In Authorized Version of the Gospels corn is used to translate four distinct words in the original:
(1) : Jesus went on the Sabbath day through the corn (Mat 12:1). Here corn should be cornfields, the rendering of Revised Version NT 1881, OT 1885 in this verse, and of both Authorized Version and Revised Version NT 1881, OT 1885 in the parallel passages in Mk. (Mar 2:23) and Lk. (Luk 6:1). properly means seed land (), and in classical Greek is not found in its NT sense of cornfields.
(2) , in Mar 4:28, where a contrast is drawn between the different stages in the growth of the cornstalkfirst the blade, then the ear, after that the full corn in the ear. In LXX Septuagint , as in classical Greek, is a generic word for cereals, but refers especially to wheat as the staple grain food. Corresponding to this, we find that elsewhere in the NT, both in Authorized Version and Revised Version NT 1881, OT 1885 , the word is always translated wheat (Mat 3:12; Mat 13:25; Mat 13:29-30, Luk 3:17; Luk 16:7; Luk 22:31, Joh 12:24).
(3) = an ear of corn (Mat 12:1 || Mar 4:28). So in LXX Septuagint as an equivalent for in Gen 41:5 etc.
(4) = a single grain or corn. It is rendered corn only in Joh 12:24 (Authorized Version ): Except a corn of wheat [ ] fall into the ground and die (cf. the use of the words peppercorn, barleycorn). Elsewhere in Authorized Version (Mat 13:31 || 17:20 ||), as always in Revised Version NT 1881, OT 1885 , it is rendered a grain.
Corn is thus used in Authorized Version in four distinguishable sensesas applying to a cornfield, to a ripe cornstalk, to an ear of wheat, and to a single grain. And it is noteworthy in each case how intimately the Gospel references to corn are associated with our Lords revelation of the mysteries of the Kingdom and the truth regarding His own person and saving work. The parable of the Blade, the Ear, and the Full Corn was used to unfold the law of growth in the Kingdom of God. The incident of the plucking of the ears of corn in the cornfields on the Sabbath day served as the occasion for a notable declaration regarding both the dignity of the Son of Man and the graciousness of Him who loves mercy more than sacrifice. The death and fruitful resurrection of the grain of wheat became the prophecy and type of Christs Passion and consequent power to draw all men unto Himself. And these lessons from the corn in the records of the Lords ministry may be greatly extended as we recall what He said about the sowing of the corn (parable of the Sower) and its reaping (the Tares and the Wheat); how He saw in the white fields a vision of a great spiritual harvest only waiting to be gathered (Joh 4:35); how at Capernaum He turned the peoples minds from the barley bread of the previous days miracle to think of Himself as the Bread of Life (John 6); and said of the broken loaf at the Last Supper, Take, eat, this is my body.
For further information the reader is referred to Agriculture, Barley, Sowing, etc.
Literature.Candolle, Origine des Plantes Cultives; Lw, Aramaische Pflanzennamen; Tristram, Natural History of the Bible; see also Bruders Concord. NT Graeci; Grimm-Thayers Lex. s.vv.
J. C. Lambert.
Fuente: A Dictionary Of Christ And The Gospels
Corn
CORN.This term may be taken to include(1) Barley, (2) Wheat, (3) Fitches, (4) Lentils, (5) Beans, (6) Millet, (7) Rye, wrong translation for Vetches, (8) Pulsefor most of which see separate articles. Rye and oats are not cultivated in Palestine.
E. W. G. Masterman.
Fuente: Hastings’ Dictionary of the Bible
Corn
The corn of wheat is worthy notice in our Concordance, because Jesus is beautifully represented, and by himself, under this figure. (Joh 12:24) When the Son of God became incarnate, like a pure grain of corn, yea, and of the finest kind, he fell into the ground. And what an abundant harvest of redeemed souls hath he since produced to the glory of the Almighty Husbandman, his father! (Joh 15:1)
Fuente: The Poor Mans Concordance and Dictionary to the Sacred Scriptures
Corn
korn (, daghan; , stos): A word used for cereals generally (Gen 27:28, Gen 27:37, etc., the King James Version) much as our English word corn. the American Standard Revised Version almost invariably substitutes grain for corn. The latter may be taken to include (1) barley, (2) wheat, (3) fitches (vetches), (4) lentils, (5) beans, (6) millet, (7) rye – the wrong translation for vetches, (8) pulse – for all these see separate articles. Rye and oats are not cultivated in Palestine For many references to corn see AGRICULTURE; FOOD. A corn , kokkos, the Revised Version (British and American) grain of wheat is mentioned (Joh 12:24).
Fuente: International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
Corn
The word dagan, which is rendered ‘grain,’ ‘corn,’ and sometimes ‘wheat’ in the Authorized Version, is the most general of the Hebrew terms representing ‘corn,’ and is more comprehensive than any word in our language, seeing that it probably includes not only all the proper corn-grains, but also various kinds of pulse and seeds of plants, which we never comprehend under the name of ‘corn’ or even of ‘grain.’ It may, therefore, be taken to represent all the commodities which we describe by the different words corn, grain, seeds, peas, beans. Among other places in which this word occurs, see Gen 27:28-37; Num 18:27; Deu 28:51; Lam 2:12, etc.
The different products coming under the denomination of corn, are noticed under the usual heads, as Barley Wheat etc.; their culture, under Agriculture; their preparation, under Bread Food Mill etc.
Fuente: Popular Cyclopedia Biblical Literature
Corn
Various Hebrew words are translated ‘corn,’ and usually signify any kind of grain. The ‘OLD CORN OF THE LAND’ was what the Israelites began to eat after crossing the Jordan, when the manna ceased. Jos 5:11-12). It typifies a heavenly Christ, on whom those feed who have spiritually passed through Jordan – who are experimentally dead and risen with Christ. The manna is rather heavenly grace for wilderness circumstances. In the N.T. Christ speaks of Himself as a ‘CORN OF WHEAT,’ which had to die or it would abide alone: there could be no association in life with Christ except through death and resurrection. Joh 12:24.
Fuente: Concise Bible Dictionary
Corn
A general term applied to all grains.
In valleys
Psa 65:13; Mar 4:28
A product of Egypt
Gen 41:47-49
A product of Palestine
Deu 33:28; Eze 27:17
Parched
Rth 2:14; 1Sa 17:17; 1Sa 25:18; 2Sa 17:28
Ground
2Sa 17:19
Eaten by the Israelites
Jos 5:11-12
Shocks of, burnt
Jdg 15:5
Heads of, plucked by Christ’s disciples
Mat 12:1
Mosiac laws concerning
Exo 22:6; Deu 23:25
Figurative
Psa 72:16; Hos 14:7; Joh 12:24
Symbolic
Gen 41:5 Barley; Barn; Bread; First Fruits; Gleaning; Harvest; Reaping; Rye; Threshing; Tithes; Wheat
Fuente: Nave’s Topical Bible
Corn
Corn. A general name for grain. The most common kinds were wheat, barley, spelt, R. V., Exo 9:32 and Isa 28:25, “rye;” Eze 4:9, “fitches” and millet; oats are mentioned only, by rabbinical writers. Our Indian corn was unknown in Bible times. The Jewish law permitted any one in passing through a field of standing corn to pluck and eat. Deu 23:25; see also Mat 12:1. From Solomon’s time, 2Ch 2:10; 2Ch 2:15, as agriculture became developed under a settled government, Palestine was a corn-exporting country, and her grain was largely taken by her commercial neighbor Tyre. Eze 27:17; comp. Amo 8:5.
Fuente: People’s Dictionary of the Bible
Corn
Corn. The most common kinds were wheat, barley, spelt, Authorized Version, Exo 9:32 and Isa 28:25, “rye;” Eze 4:9, “fitches” and millet; oats are mentioned only by rabbinical writers. Our Indian corn was unknown in Bible times. Corn-crops are still reckoned at twentyfold what was sown, and were, anciently, much more. Gen 41:22.
The Jewish law permitted any one in passing through a field of standing corn to pluck and eat. Deu 23:25. See also Mat 12:1. From Solomon’s time, 2Ch 2:10; 2Ch 2:15, as agriculture became developed, under a settled government, Palestine was a corn-exporting country, and her grain was largely taken by her commercial neighbor, Tyre. Eze 27:17. Compare Amo 8:5.
Fuente: Smith’s Bible Dictionary
CORN
See under FRUITS OF THE EARTH. CROWN or CORONET. See HEAD.
Fuente: A Symbolical Dictionary
Corn
Job 24:24 (b) This is a picture of the fruitless and useless life of the wicked whose plans are frustrated by GOD.
Psa 4:7 (b) This type indicates the temporal prosperity of the people of this earth. They are happy when their crops increase. David was more happy than they with just the presence of GOD in his life.
Psa 65:13 (c) This may be taken to indicate GOD’s great blessing upon His people and His loving care for them.
Psa 72:16 (b) Probably this represents the great blessing that shall come upon Israel and which will radiate out to the nations of the earth when GOD restores His people to be the head of the nations. CHRIST is the principal grain. It may be that this blessing refers also to the Word of GOD.
Pro 11:26 (c) This is a type of the blessed ministry of the Word of GOD, its promises, its assurances, and its Gospel messages, all of which are for the rich blessing of men. Those who fail to distribute the precious things from the Scripture are compared to persons who withhold corn when the people are hungry.
Isa 36:17 (b) This type is used by the King of Assyria to assure Israel that they would be contented in his land of Babylon even though they were strangers.
Hos 2:22 (b) The figure here describes the blessing that will come to Palestine when Israel is fully restored as a nation.
Hos 14:7 (a) As the grain comes up freshly in the spring, so Israel will, again grow as a thriving nation.
Amo 9:9 (a) This is a prophecy concerning the scattering of Israel among the nations. He will not overlook a single grain.
Joh 12:24 (a) This is plainly a type of the Lord JESUS who had life in Himself and who, when buried, could not be kept down but rose the third day. It is a type also of the believer who has GOD’s eternal life in him. The Holy Spirit is the gardener who takes the grain of earth, the Christian, plants him in His harvest field where He wants him to be, and places him where he will produce the best crop. (See Mat 13:38).