Hard, Harden, Hardening, Hardness
Hard, Harden, Hardening, Hardness
from skello, “to dry,” signifies “trying, exacting:” See AUSTERE.
primarily means “hard to satisfy with food” (dus, a prefix like Eng., un, or mis, indicating “difficulty, opposition, injuriousness,” ect., the opposite of, eu, “well,” and kolon, “food”); hence, “difficult,” Mar 10:24, of the “difficulty,” for those who trust in riches, to enter into the Kingdom of God.
akin to A, No. 1, is rendered “hardness” in Rom 2:5.
denotes “a hardening,” a covering with a poros, a kind of stone, indicating “a process” (from poroo, C, No. 1), and is used metaphorically of dulled spiritual perception, Mar 3:5, RV, “at the hardening of their hearts;” Rom 11:25, RV, “a hardening” (AV, “blindness”), said of the state of Israel; Eph 4:18, RV, “hardening,” of the heart of Gentiles. See BLINDNESS.
Note: See also under HARDSHIP and HEART (hardness of).
“to make hard, callous, to petrify” (akin to B, No. 2), is used metaphorically, of the heart, Mar 6:52; Mar 8:17; Joh 12:40; of the mind (or thoughts), 2Co 3:14, of those in Israel who refused the revealed will and ways of God in the Gospel, as also in Rom 11:7, RV, “hardened” (AV, “blinded”), in both places. See BLINDNESS.
“to make dry or hard” (akin to A, No. 1 and B, No. 1), is used in Act 19:9; in Rom 9:18, illustrated by the case of Pharaoh, who first persistently “hardened” his heart (see the RV marg. of Exo 7:13, Exo 7:22; Exo 8:19; text of Exo 8:32; Exo 9:7), all producing the retributive “hardening” by God, after His much long-suffering, Exo 9:12, etc., in Heb 3:8, Heb 3:13, Heb 3:15; Heb 4:7, warnings against the “hardening” of the heart.