Heat
Heat
(usually ,’chom, , chammah’, or chemah’), besides its ordinary meaning, has several peculiar uses in Scripture. In Isa 49:10, and Rev 7:16, there is a reference to the burning wind of the desert, the simoom or samiel, described by travelers as exceedingly pestilential and fatal. It is highly probable that this was the instrument with which God destroyed the army of Sennacherib (2Ki 19:7; 2Ki 19:35). Its effects are evidently alluded to in Psa 103:15-16, and in Jer 4:11. Thevenot mentions such a wind, which in q658 suffocated 20,000 men in one night, and another which in 1655 suffocated 4000 persons. It sometimes burns up the corn when near its maturity, and hence the image of corn blasted before it be grown up, used in 2Ki 19:26. Its effect is not only to render the air extremely hot and scorching, but to fill it with poisonous and suffocating vapors. The most violent storms that Judaea was subject to came from the deserts of Arabia. Out of the south cometh the whirlwind, says Job (Job 37:9); And there came a great wind from the wilderness (Job 1:19). Zec 9:14 : And Jehovah shall appear over them, and his arrow shall go forth as the lightning; and the Lord Jehovah shall sound the trumpet, and shall march in the whirlwinds of the south. The 91st Psalm, which speaks of divine protection, describes the plague as arrows, and in those winds there are observed flashes of fire. In Num 13:3, the place in which the plague was inflicted upon the Israelites is for that reason called Taberah, i.e. a burning. A plague is called , deber’, as a desert is called , midbar’, because those winds came from the desert, and are real plagues. This hot wind, when used as a symbol, signifies the fire of persecution, or else some prodigious wars which destroy men. For wind signifies war; and scorching heat signifies persecution and destruction. So in Mat 13:6; Mat 13:21, and Luk 8:6-13, heat is tribulation, temptation, or persecution; and in 1Pe 4:12, burning tends to temptation. A gentle heat of the sun, according to the Oriental interpreters, signifies the favor and bounty of the prince; but great heat denotes punishment. Hence the burning of the heavens is a portent explained in Livy (3, 5) of slaughter. Thus in Psa 121:6 : The sun shall not smite thee by day, nor the moon by night, is in the next place explained thus, Jehovah shall preserve thee from all evil; he shall preserve thy soul. SEE FIRE.
Fuente: Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature
Heat
HEAT (), Mat 20:12, Luk 12:55; Revised Version NT 1881, OT 1885 scorching heat, with marg. hot wind. in LXX Septuagint has both meanings: (1) scorching heat (Gen 31:40, Isa 49:10, Sir 18:16; Sir 43:22); (2) the east wind (), hot, dry, dust-laden, withering up all vegetation, and blowing from the desert, like the simoom (Job 27:21, Jer 18:17, Eze 17:10; Eze 19:12, Jon 4:8, Hos 13:15), usually or . Authorized Version gives burning heat, and Revised Version NT 1881, OT 1885 scorching wind in Jam 1:11.
The first meaning seems preferable in Mat 20:12, though Trench (Parables) and others incline to (Revised Version margin) . Onus intrinsecus, a labore; aestum extrinsecus, a sole (Bengel). Luk 12:55 belongs to a class of passages based on the observation of natural phenomena; cf. Mat 5:45; Mat 7:24 f., Mat 24:27, Luk 10:18, Joh 3:8; Joh 12:24. Here also the rendering scorching heat is the more usual, and seems to agree better than hot wind or east wind with the mention of the south wind () which immediately precedes. Possibly, however, the distinction was not so clearly marked between these two winds, since in Eze 27:26 (east wind) is translated in LXX Septuagint by .
The only reference in the Gospels to heat for the purpose of warmth is Joh 18:18 a fire of coals (), i.e. of charcoal (Revised Version margin) , coals having probably still this meaning at the time of the Authorized Version . See Wind.
Literature.Grimm-Thayer, Lex. s.v. ; Hasting’s Dictionary of the Bible , and Encyc. Bibl. art. Wind; Thomson, Land and Book, pp. 295, 536 f.
W. H. Dundas.
Fuente: A Dictionary Of Christ And The Gospels
Heat
het (, hom, , horebh, drought, Job 30:30; Isa 4:6; Isa 25:4; Jer 36:30; , sharabh, Isa 49:10, translated in the Revised Version margin mirage; , zestos, fervent, Rev 3:15, , therme, Act 28:3, , kauma, Rev 7:16, , kauson, Mat 20:12; see MIRAGE):
1. Dreaded in Palestine
The heat of the summer is greatly dreaded in Palestine, and as a rule the people rest under cover during the middle of the day, when the sun is hottest. There is no rain from May to October, and scarcely a cloud in the sky to cool the air or to screen off the burning vertical rays of the sun. The first word of advice given to visitors to the country is to protect themselves from the sun. Even on the mountains, where the temperature of the air is lower, the sun is perhaps more fierce, owing to the lesser density of the atmosphere.
2. Causes Disease
This continuous summer heat often causes sunstroke, and the glare causes diseases of the eye which affect a large percentage of the people of Palestine and Egypt.
3. Relief Sought
It is to be expected that in these times of heat and drought the ideal pleasure has come to be to sit in the shade by some cool flowing fountain. In the mountains the village which has the coolest spring of water is the most desired. These considerations give renewed meaning to the passages: as cold waters to a thirsty soul (Pro 25:25); He maketh me to lie down in green pastures; he leadeth me beside still waters (Psa 23:2). What a blessing to be under the shadow of the Almighty (Psa 91:1), where the sun shall not strike upon them, nor any heat (Rev 7:16)!
4. Midday Heat
The middle of the day is often referred to as the heat of the day (1Sa 11:11). It made a great difference to the army whether it could win the battle before the midday heat. Saladin won the great battle at Hattin by taking advantage of this fact. It was a particular time of the day when it was the custom to rest. They came about the heat of the day to the house of Ish-bosheth, as he took his rest at noon (2Sa 4:5). Yahweh appeared to Abraham as he sat in the tent door in the heat of the day (Gen 18:1). The hardship of working throughout the day is expressed in Mat 20:12, who have borne the burden of the day and scorching heat. Sometimes just after sunrise the contrast of the cold of night and the heat of the sun is especially noticeable. The sun ariseth with the scorching wind (Jam 1:11).
5. Summer Heat
In summer the wind is usually from the Southwest, but in case it is from the South it is sure to be hot. When ye see a south wind blowing, ye say, There will be a scorching heat (Luk 12:55). The heat on a damp, sultry day, when the atmosphere is full of dust haze is especially oppressive, and is referred to in Isa 25:5 as the heat by the shade of a cloud. The heat of summer melts the snow on the mountains and causes all vegetation to dry up and wither. Ice and snow vanish in the heat thereof (Job 6:17), Drought and heat consume the snow waters (Job 24:19). But the tree planted by the waters, that spreadeth out its roots by the river … shall not fear when heat cometh, but its leaf shall be green (Jer 17:8).
6. Figurative Uses
The word is used often in connection with anger in the Scriptures: hot anger (Exo 11:8); hot displeasure (Deu 9:19); anger of the Lord was hot against Israel (Jdg 2:14 the King James Version); thine anger from waxing hot (Psa 85:3 King James Version, margin); I know thy works, that thou art neither cold nor hot (Rev 3:15).
Fuente: International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
Heat
Jonah overcome with
Jon 4:8 Sunstroke
Fuente: Nave’s Topical Bible
HEAT
Heat (scorching) in Isa 49:10, and so in Rev 7:16, is a burning wind frequent in the deserts of Arabia. It comes with such hot, fiery, poisonous puffs, as that it strikes men dead very suddenly. Tavernierf1 saith that when a man is struck dead by it, if you thereupon touch his flesh it feels like a slimy fat, and if you take hold of a limb, it will immediately come clear off, as if the party had been dead some months before.
It is highly probable that this was the instrument wherewith God sometimes plagued the Israelites, and killed them so suddenly.
The ninety-first Psalm, which begins with mentioning God’s protection, describes the plague as arrows: as indeed in those winds there are observed flashes of fire. And therefore, in Numb 13:3, the place in which the plague was received, is for that reason called Taberah, i.e. a burning.
Hence a plague is called H1698, as a desert is called H4057 because those winds came from the desert, and were real plagues; and were also called H6921, from H6923 the East, or Arabia, where the deserts were, from whence those plague winds came.
When this dreadful wind surprises men abroad, there is no way to escape present death but one, which is, as Tavernier observes from his own experience, by lying flat on the ground, and wrapping themselves very close with their cloaks, tents, or the like.
This hot wind, when used as a symbol, signifies the fire of persecution, or else some prodigious wars which destroy men: wind (as will appear afterwards) signifying war; and fire, or scorching heat, signifying persecution and destruction.
So in Mat 13:6; Mat 13:21, and Luk 8:6; Luk 8:13, heat is tribulation, temptation, or persecution; and in 1Pe 4:12, burning tends to temptation.
A gentle heat of the sun, signifies, according to the oriental Oneirocritics, c. 167, the favour and bounty of the prince; but great heat, punishment, and proportionable to the greatness of the heat.
Hence the burning of the heavens is a portentum explained in Livy,f2 of slaughter.
And thus Psa 121:6, ” The sun shall not smite thee by day, nor the moon by night,” is in the next verse explained thus: “The Lord shall preserve thee from all evil; he shall preserve thy soul.”
The scorching heat of the sun, denotes also vexatious wars, persecutions, and troubles inflicted by kings.
F1 See Tavernier’s Pers. Trav. L. v. C. 23.
F2 Liv. Hist. L. iii. C. 5.
Fuente: A Symbolical Dictionary
Heat
denotes “a burning heat” (from kaio, “to burn;” cp. Eng., “caustic,” “cauterize”), Mat 20:12; Luk 12:55 (AV, “heat”), RV, in each place, “scorching heat” (marg. “hot wind”); in Jam 1:11, “a burning heat,” AV, RV, “the scorching wind” like the sirocco. Cp. Amo 4:9, where the Sept. has purosis, “burning” (pur, “fire”). See BURNING.
“heat” (akin to No. 1), signifies “the result of burning,” or “the heat produced,” Rev 7:16; Rev 16:9; cp. kaumatizo, “to scorch,” kausis, “burning,” kauteriazomai, “to brand, sear.”
denotes “warmth, heat,” Act 28:3 (Eng., “thermal,” etc.).
was used as a medical term, of “a fever;” in the NT, “to burn with great heat” (akin to A, No. 1), said of the future destruction of the natural elements, 2Pe 3:10, 2Pe 3:12, “with fervent heat,” Passive Voice, lit., “being burned.”
Fuente: Vine’s Dictionary of New Testament Words
Heat
Ecc 4:11 (c) This type is used to represent the fact that whether it be in the service of the Lord, in the duties of the church, or in any other enterprise, it is better for two to work together for they will encourage each other, assist and help each other to be enthusiastic in the work.
Jer 17:8 (b) We learn from this that those whose faith is founded on the Word of GOD, and whose lives are controlled by the Spirit of GOD, will be constantly radiant and zealous for the Lord, even though very adverse conditions may arise.
Eze 3:14 (a) Here we find a type of anger, bitterness and hatred.