Judgment Hall
Judgment-Hall
In ancient times justice was dispensed in the open, usually in the market-place, near the city gate. With the development of civic life, however, special courts of justice began to be built. Thus Solomon had his throne-room or portico erected within the complex of his palace buildings (1Ki 7:7), where justice continued to be administered no doubt till the latest period of the Monarchy. The Sanhedrin also convened for judgment in the Hall of Hewn Stone on the south side of the great court of the Temple. In Rome, too, the Imperial Age saw the law-courts transferred to basibicae, or open colonnades near the Forum, and finally to closed halls, where cases were heard in secret (in secretario). The administration of justice in basilicae has been traced to Pompeii and other centres of Roman life, but was apparently not the custom in Palestine, the word translated judgment hall in the Authorized Version (Joh 18:28; Joh 18:33; Joh 19:9, Act 23:35) being really or palace.
A. R. Gordon.
Fuente: Dictionary of the Apostolic Church
Judgment hall
SEE PRAETORIUM.
Fuente: Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature
Judgment hall
Gr. praitorion (John 18:28, 33; 19:9; Matt. 27:27), “common hall.” In all these passages the Revised Version renders “palace.” In Mark 15:16 the word is rendered “Praetorium” (q.v.), which is a Latin word, meaning literally the residence of the praetor, and then the governor’s residence in general, though not a praetor. Throughout the Gospels the word “praitorion” has this meaning (comp. Acts 23:35). Pilate’s official residence when he was in Jerusalem was probably a part of the fortress of Antonia.
The trial of our Lord was carried on in a room or office of the palace. The “whole band” spoken of by Mark were gathered together in the palace court.
Fuente: Easton’s Bible Dictionary
Judgment Hall
Latin praetorium Graecized (Joh 18:28; Joh 18:33; Joh 19:9; Act 23:35). It is translated Mat 27:27; Mar 15:16, “common hall”; and in Phi 1:13 “palace.” It is Pilate’s residence when at Jerusalem, where Jesus was examined, scourged, and mocked. The Jews, to avoid defilement before the Passover, waited outside, near the judgment seat which was erected on the pavement before the Praetorium, and on which Pilate sat in pronouncing sentence. Probably the tower of Antonia was the Praetorium of Pilate.
Herod was then at Jerusalem, doubtless in his father’s palace, which therefore is distinct from the Praetorium (Luk 23:7). However Josephus (B. J. 2:14, section 8) represents the Roman governor as sometimes residing in Herod’s palace, and setting up his judgment seat in front of it. (See JERUSALEM.) In Act 23:35 Herod’s Praetorium was part of the magnificent buildings erected by king Herod (Josephus, Ant. 20:9, section 6, B. J. 1:21, section 5-8), used as the official residence and head quarters of Felix at Caesarea. “Palace,” in Phi 1:13, means the quarters of praetorian guards immediately attached to Caesar’s palace on Mount Palatine (compare Phi 4:22; Act 28:16).
Fuente: Fausset’s Bible Dictionary
Judgment-Hall
JUDGMENT-HALL.See Prtorium.
Fuente: Hastings’ Dictionary of the Bible
Judgment Hall
jujment hol ( , to praitorion, Then led they Jesus … unto the hall of judgment … and they themselves went not into the judgment hall (Joh 18:28 the King James Version); Then Pilate entered into the judgment hall again (Joh 18:33 the King James Version); (Pilate) went again into the judgment hall (Joh 19:9); He commanded him to be kept in Herod’s judgment hall (Act 23:35)):
Judgment hall is one of the ways in which the King James Version translates praitorion, which it elsewhere renders Praetorium (Mar 15:16); the common hall (Mat 27:27). In this passage the English Revised Version renders it palace; in Joh 18:33; Joh 19:9; Act 23:35, palace is also given by the English Revised Version; in Phi 1:13, the King James Version renders, palace, while the Revised Version (British and American) gives the praetorian guard. Praitorion accordingly is translated in all these ways, Praetorium, the common hall, the judgment hall, the palace, the praetorian guard. In the passages In the Gospels, the American Standard Revised Version renders uniformly Praetorium.
The word originally meant the headquarters in the Roman camp, the space where the general’s tent stood, with the camp altar; the tent of the commander-in-chief. It next came to mean the military council, meeting in the general’s tent. Then it came to be applied to the palace in which the Roman governor or procurator of a province resided. In Jerusalem it was the magnificent palace which Herod the Great had built for himself, and which the Roman procurators seem to have occupied when they came from Caesarea to Jerusalem to transact public business.
Praitorion in Phi 1:13 has been variously rendered, the camp of the praetorian soldiers, the praetorian guard, etc. For what is now believed to be its true meaning, see PRAETORIUM.
Fuente: International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
Judgment-Hall
Judgment-Hall occurs Mat 27:27; Mar 15:16; Joh 18:28; Joh 18:33; Joh 19:9; Act 23:35; Php 1:13. In all these passages except one (Mar 15:16) the English version gives an explanation of the word rather than a translation: thus, Mat 27:27, ‘the common-hall,’ margin, ‘or governor’s house:’ Joh 18:28; Joh 18:33, ‘the judgment-hall;’ margin, ‘or Pilate’s house:’ Php 1:13, ‘the palace;’ margin, ‘or Caesar’s court.’ Originally the word signified the general’s tent in a camp, but it came at length to be applied to the residence of the civil governor in provinces and cities, and was used to signify whatever appertained to the praetor or governor: for instance, his residence, either the whole or any part of it, as his dwelling-house, or the place where he administered justice, or even the large enclosed court at the entrance to the praetorian residence.
Upon comparing the instances in which the evangelists mention the praetorium, it will be seen, first, that in Joh 18:28, it means the residence of Pilate, which seems to have been the magnificent palace built by Herod, situated in the north part of the upper city, west of the temple, and overlooking the temple. Secondly, the word is applied in the New Testament, by synecdoche, to a particular part of the praetorian residence. Thus, Mat 27:27, and Mar 15:16, ‘And the soldiers led Jesus away into the hall called Praetorium, and gathered unto them the whole band, and they clothed him with purple,’ etc.; where the word rather refers to the court or area in front of the praetorium, or some other court where the procurator’s guards were stationed. In Joh 19:9, the word seems applied, when all the circumstances are considered, to Pilate’s private examination room. In like manner, when Felix ‘commanded Paul to be kept in Herod’s praetorium’ (Act 23:35), the words apply not only to the whole palace originally built at Caesarea by Herod, and now most likely inhabited by the praetor, but also to the keep or donjon, a prison for confining offenders, such as existed in our ancient royal palaces and grand baronial castles. Thirdly, in the remaining instance of the word, Php 1:3, ‘So that my bonds in Christ are manifest in all the praetorium,’ ‘palace,’ it is, in the opinion of the best commentators, used to signify the praetorian camp at Rome, a select body of troops constituted by Augustus to guard his person and to have charge of the city, so that the words of the apostle really mean, ‘My bonds in Christ are manifest to all the praetorians, and by their means to the public at large.’
Fuente: Popular Cyclopedia Biblical Literature
Judgment-Hall
See Pretorium
Pretorium
Fuente: Nave’s Topical Bible
Judgment Hall
Judgment Hall. The word prtorium is so translated five times in the A. V. of the New Testament, and in those five passages it denotes two different places. 1. In Joh 18:28; Joh 18:33; Joh 19:9, it is the residence, R. V., “palace,” which Pilate occupied when he visited Jerusalem. The site of Pilate’s prtorium in Jerusalem has given rise to much dispute, some supposing it to be the palace of king Herod, others the tower of Antonia; but it was probably the latter, which was then and long afterward the citadel of Jerusalem. 2. In Act 23:35 Herod’s judgment hall (R. V. reads palace) or prtorium in Csarea was doubtless a part of that magnificent range of buildings the erection of which by king Herod is described in Josephus. The word “palace,” or “Caesar’s court,” in the A. V., Php 1:13, R. V., “prtorian,” is a translation of the same word prtorium. It may here have denoted the quarter of that detachment of the prtorian guards which was in immediate attendance upon the emperor, and had barracks in Mount Palatine at Rome.
Fuente: People’s Dictionary of the Bible
Judgment Hall
Judgment Hall. The word praetorium is so translated five times in the Authorized Version of the New Testament, and in those five passages it denotes two different places.
1. In Joh 18:28; Joh 18:33; Joh 19:9, it is the residence which Pilate occupied when he visited Jerusalem. The site of Pilate’s praetorium in Jerusalem has given rise to much dispute, some supposing it to be the palace of King Herod, others the tower of Antonia; but it was probably the latter, which was then and long afterward the citadel of Jerusalem.
2. In Act 23:35, Herod’s judgment hall or praetorium in Caesarea was doubtless a part of that magnificent range of buildings the erection of which by King Herod is described in Josephus. The word “palace,” or “Caesar’s court”, in the Authorized Version of Phm 1:13 is a translation of the same word praetorium. It may here have denoted the quarter of that detachment of the praetorian guards which was in immediate attendance upon the emperor, and had barracks in Mount Palatine at Rome.