Kindred
Kindred
I. The following are the Hebrew terms thus rendered in the English Bible:
1. , mishpachah’, usually rendered “family,” answering to the Latin gens, except that it more distinctly includes the idea of original affinity or derivation from a common stock; it corresponds exactly with our word clan. It is used of the different tribes of the Canaanites (Gen 10:18); of the subdivisions of the Hebrew people (Exo 6:14; Num 1:20, etc.); sometimes for one of the tribes (Jos 7:17; Jdg 13:2, etc.), and in the later books tropically for a people or nation (Jer 8:3; Jer 25:9; Eze 20:32; Mic 2:3). It is translated kindred in the A.V. at Gen 24:41; Jos 6:23; Rth 2:3; Job 32:2 -in all of which it refers to relationship by consanguinity, more or less remote.
2. , mnole’deth, conveys primarily the idea of birth, nativity; hence a person born, a child (Gen 28:9; Lev 18:9; Lev 18:11), and persons of the same family or lineage (Gen 12:1; Gen 24:4; Gen 31:3; Gen 43:7; Num 10:30; Est 2:10; Est 8:6 -in all which passages it is translated kindred in the A.V.). In some of these instances, however, the kinship is only the remote one of common nationality arising out of common descent.
3. , moda’ath, literally knowledge, is used to express blood- relationship in Rth 3:2; compare (Rth 2:1; Pro 7:4).
4. , geillah’, redemption, a word which properly designated such near relationship by blood as would confer the rights and obligations of a , or kinsman, avenger, and redeemer, on the party. SEE GOEL. As commonly used, however, it denotes either the thing redeemed (Rth 4:6), or the right of redeeming (Lev 25:29, etc.), or the redemption price (Lev 25:26, etc.). The only passage in which it is translated kindred in the A.V. is Eze 11:15. Hengstenberg (Christol. 3:9, E. 1′.) and Havernick (Conmment. ad loc.) contend that is to be taken here not in the sense of relationship, but in that of suretyship or substitutionary action, and they would translate the passage, ” Thy brethren are the men of thy suretyship,” or “redemption,” i.e. the men whom it lies on them to redeem or act for. The Sept. seems to have read , for they give here.
5. , ach, which properly means brother, occurs only once with the rendering kindred in the A. V., in 1Ch 12:29. It is frequently used elsewhere in a wide sense, and may be understood of nearly all collateral relationships whatever, whether by consanguinity, affinity, or simple association. From this comes , brotherhood (Zec 11:14). Besides these terms, the Hebrews expressed consanguinity by such words and phrases as , flesh (Gen 37:27; Isa 58:7); , my bone and my flesh (Gen 29:14; Jdg 9:2; 2Sa 5:1, etc.); , flesh (Lev 18:12-13, etc.; Numbers 27:41), with , coll. kinswomen (Lev 18:17); and
, flesh of his flesh (A. V. near of kin, Lev 18:6; nigh of kin, 25:49).
II. In the New Test. we have the following Greek words thus rendered: , the most general and frequent term, our kin, i.e. birth relationship, with its derivative , co-relationship; (Act 3:25), descent in a direct line (“lineage,” Luk 2:4; “family,” Eph 3:15); and (Rev 5:9; Rev 7:9; Rev 11:9; Rev 13:7; Rev 14:6), a tribe (as elsewhere rendered).
In addition to these Heb. and Greek words, various others of cogilate derivation or similar signification are frequently rendered ” kin,”” “kinship,” etc.
III. The terms expressive of immediate relationship are FATHER, MOTHER, BROTHER, SISTER, SON, DAUGHTER; those expressing collateral consanguinity are UNCLE, AUNT, NEPHEW (niece does not occur in the A.V., but brother’s or sister’s daughter), COUSIN; those expressive of affinity are FATHER-IN-LAW, MOTHER-IN-LAW, SON- IN- LAW, DAUGHTER-IN-LAW, BROTHER-IN-LAW, SISTER-IN- LAW. See each of these in their place.
IV. The relations of kindred, expressed by few words, and imperfectly defined in the earliest ages, acquired in course of time greater significance and wider influence. The full list of relatives either by consanguinity, i.e. as arising from a common ancestor, or by affinity, i.e. as created by marriage, may be seen detailed in the Corpus Juris Civ. Digest. lib. 38:tit. 10, de Gradibus; see also Corp. Jur. Canon. Decr. ii, c. 35:9, 5. SEE AFFINITY.
The domestic and economical questions arising out of kindred may be classed under the three heads of MARRIAGE, INHERITANCE, and BLOOD-REVENGE, and the reader is referred to the articles on those subjects for information thereon. It is clear that the tendency of the Mosaic law was to increase the restrictions on marriage, by defining more precisely the relations created by it, as is shown by the cases of Abraham and Moses. For information on the general subject of kindred and its obligations, see Selden, De Jure Naturali, lib. v; Michaelis, Laws of Moses, ed. Smith, ii, 36; Knobel on Leviticus 18; Philo, De Spec. Leg. 3:3, 4, 5, vol. ii . 301- 304, ed.Mangey; Burckhardt, Arab Tribes, i, 150; Keil, Bibl. Arch. ii, 50, 106, 107. SEE KINSMAN.
Fuente: Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature
Kindred
kindred: Several words are rendered kindred in the King James Version. , ‘ah, brother, was used loosely among Hebrews for a member of the same tribe or family, a relative; and is once translated kindred (1Ch 12:29 the King James Version). Once also somewhat loosely as the translation of , modhaath, literally, acquaintance (Rth 3:2; compare same root in Rth 2:1, rendered kinsman); once, for the, figurative expression, men of thy redemption (, ge’ullah, referring to the law of the redemption of land by kinsmen, Lev 25:25). The two most common words for kindred are: (1) , moledheth, related by birth (Gen 12:1; Gen 24:4, Gen 24:7; Gen 31:3, Gen 31:13; Gen 32:9; Gen 43:7; Num 10:30; Est 2:10, Est 2:20; Est 8:6); (2) , mishpahah, family (Gen 24:38, Gen 24:40, Gen 24:41; Jos 6:23; Rth 2:3; 1Ch 16:28; Job 32:2; Psa 22:27; Psa 96:7).
In the New Testament (several times), , genos, kindred by birth, so, of same family, tribe or race (Act 4:6; Act 7:13, Act 7:19 the Revised Version (British and American) race); so also , suggeneia (Luk 1:61; Act 7:3, Act 7:14). In the King James Version , phule, tribe, rendered kindred (Rev 1:7; Rev 5:9; Rev 7:9; Rev 11:9; Rev 13:7; Rev 14:6), but better tribe as in the Revised Version (British and American). , patria, rendered kindred in Act 3:25, is better families, as in the Revised Version (British and American).
Fuente: International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
Kindred
primarily denotes “kinship;” then, “kinsfolk, kindred” (cp. sungenes, “a kinsman;” see KIN), Luk 1:61; Act 7:3, Act 7:14.
see KIND (Noun), No. 1.
Notes: (1) Phule, “a tribe,” rendered “kindreds” in the AV of Rev 1:7; Rev 7:9; Rev 11:9; Rev 13:7, “kindred” in Rev 5:9; Rev 14:6, and elsewhere, “tribe,” “tribes,” is always translated by the latter in the RV. See TRIBE. (2) For patria, rendered “kindreds” Act 3:25, AV, see FAMILY.