New, Newness
New, Newness
nu, nunes (, hadhash; , kainos, , neos):
1. In the Old Testament:
The word commonly translated new in the Old Testament is hadhash, bright, fresh, new (special interest was shown in, and importance attached to, fresh and new things and events); Exo 1:8; Deu 20:5; Deu 22:8; Deu 24:5; 1Sa 6:7; 2Sa 21:16; Psa 33:3, a new song; Jer 31:31, new covenant; Eze 11:19, a new spirit; Eze 18:31 new heart; Eze 36:26, etc.; hodhesh is the new moon, the new-moon day, the first of the lunar month, a festival, then month (Gen 29:14, a month of days); it occurs frequently, often translated month; we have new moon (1Sa 20:5, 1Sa 20:18, 1Sa 20:24, etc.); trosh is new (sweet) wine (Neh 10:39; in Joe 1:5; Joe 3:18, it is asis, the Revised Version (British and American) sweet wine); in Act 2:13, new wine is gleukos.
Other words in the Old Testament for new are hadhath, Aramaic (Ezr 6:4); tar, fresh (Jdg 15:15, the Revised Version (British and American) a fresh jawbone of an ass); ber’ah, a creation (Num 16:30, if Yahweh make a new thing, the Revised Version margin create a creation); bakhar, to be first-fruits (Eze 47:12; so the Revised Version margin); kum, setting, is translated newly (Jdg 7:19); also mikkarobh, recently (Deu 32:17, the Revised Version (British and American) of late ); news is shermuah, report, tidings; Pro 25:25, good news from a far country.
2. In the New Testament:
In the New Testament new (mostly kainos, new, fresh, newly made) is an important word. We have the title of the New Testament itself, rightly given by the American Standard Revised Version as New Covenant, the designation of the new dispensation ushered in through Christ, the writings relating to which the volume contains. We have new covenant (kainos) in Luk 22:20, This cup is the new covenant in my blood (the English Revised Version margin testament; in Mat 26:28; Mar 14:24, new is omitted in the Revised Version (British and American), but in Matthew the margin many ancient authorities insert new, and in Mark some ancient authorities); 1Co 11:25, the English Revised Version margin or testament; 2Co 3:6, the English Revised Version margin or testament; Heb 8:8, the English Revised Version margin or testament; in Heb 8:13, covenant is supplied (compare Heb 12:24, neos).
Corresponding to this, we have (2Co 5:17, the King James Version and the Revised Version (British and American)), The old things have passed away; behold, they are become new: ibid., If any man is in Christ, he is a new creature, the Revised Version margin there is a new creation; Gal 6:15, margin or creation, new man (Eph 2:15; Eph 4:24; Col 3:10 (neos)); new commandment (Joh 13:34); new doctrine (Act 17:19); new thing (Act 17:21); newness of life (kainotes) (Rom 6:4); newness of the spirit (Rom 7:6; compare 2Co 5:17); a new name, (Rev 2:17; Rev 3:12), new heavens and a new earth (2Pe 3:13); new Jerusalem (Rev 3:12; Rev 21:2); new song (Rev 5:9); compare new friend and new wine (Sirach 9:10b,c); artigennetos, newborn (1Pe 2:2); prosphatos, newly slain, new (Heb 10:20, the Revised Version (British and American) a new and living way, through the veil, that is to say, his flesh; compare Sirach 9:10a; Judith 4:3); new is the translation of neos, new, young (1Co 5:7; Col 3:10; new man; Heb 12:24, new covenant).
The difference in meaning between kainos and neos, is, in the main, that kainos denotes new in respect of quality, the new as set over against that which has seen service, the outworn, the effete, or marred through age; neos, new (in respect of time), that which has recently come into existence, e.g. kainon mnemeon, the new tomb in which Jesus was laid, was not one recently made, but one in which no other dead had ever lain; the new covenant, the new man, etc., may be contemplated under both aspects of quality and of time (Trench, Synonyms of the New Testament, 209 f).
In Mat 9:16; Mar 2:21, agnaphos, unsmoothed, unfinished, is translated new, new cloth, the Revised Version (British and American) undressed. For new bottles (Luk 5:38 and parallels), the Revised Version (British and American) has fresh wine-skins.