probation (Latin: probare, to test) A period of trial instituted in the United States since 1900, during which a prisoner is freed from confinement and allowed to resume his ordinary free place in society, but only on condition that any new offense or failure to observe rules established for his con duct will make him … Continue reading “Probation”
Probable
Probable (Lat. probabilis), a barbarous technical word which serves to designate the philosophic dogma that anything which does not admit of demonstration may admit the probable as proof, if such a course does not involve absurdity or contradiction. As demonstration, says Locke, is the showing the agreement or disagreement of two ideas, by the intervention … Continue reading “Probable”
Probability
probability Likelihood; the approach of a mental judgment to conformity with its object; approximation to truth. Probability produces in the mind the state of opinion. It occupies the whole range between doubt, the absence of assent, and certitude, which is complete and unreserved assent. Intrinsic probability is based upon the nature of the object in … Continue reading “Probability”
Probabilism
probabilism The name applied by moralists to the system which holds that whenever a doubt exists concerning the licitness or illicitness of an act, and the doubt cannot be resolved, one is permitted to follow a solidly probable opinion in favor of liberty, even if the opposite opinion in favor of the law is more … Continue reading “Probabilism”
probabiliorism
probabiliorism The doctrine which holds that when there are two opinions, one in favor of liberty and the other in favor of the law, if the latter is the more probable one, it must be followed; that is, the law must be observed, because it has stronger and higher claims than those of liberty. Theoretically … Continue reading “probabiliorism”
Probabilionists
Probabilionists are those who oppose the doctrine of Probabilism and assert that man is obliged, on pain of sinning, always to take the more probable side. The Jansenists and the Port-Royalists are of this class. SEE PROBABILISM. Fuente: Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature
Proba, Faltonia
Proba, Faltonia A Christian poetess of the fourth century. The name Faltonia is doubtful and is apparently due to a confusion, as the manuscripts call the author simply Proba. As granddaughter of Probus, consul in 310, daughter of Petronius Probianius, consul in 322, wife of Claudius Celcinus Adalphius, prefect of Rome in 351, and mother … Continue reading “Proba, Faltonia”
Proast, Jonas
Proast, Jonas an English divine, flourished in the closing half of the 17th and the early part of the 18th century. He is noted as a controversialist, and wrote, among other things, Letters on Toleration (169091, and since). There is nothing accessible regarding his personal history. Leckey (Hist. of Rationalism, 2, 87) is the only … Continue reading “Proast, Jonas”
Proal, Pierre Alexis, D.D
Proal, Pierre Alexis, D.D a Protestant Episcopal minister, was born at Newark, N.J., in 1796. He was ordained deacon in New York, September 18, 1818, his first parish being St. John’s Church, Johnstown, where he remained for a short time; then he took charge of St. George’s Church, Schenectady; in 1836 he became rector of … Continue reading “Proal, Pierre Alexis, D.D”
Proaeresis
Proaeresis (Gr. proairesis) Reflective choice, especially of means to an end, deliberate desire (Aristotle). — G.K.M. Fuente: The Dictionary of Philosophy