Encyclopedic Dictionary of Bible and Theology

Vikings The Scandinavians who, in the ninth and tenth centuries, first ravaged the coasts of Western Europe and its islands and then turned from raiding into settlers. This article will be confined to the history of their exodus. Tacitus refers to the “Suiones” (Germ., xliv, xlv) living beyond the Baltic as rich in arms and … Continue reading “Vikings”

Vijnana-vada (Skr.) Theory (vada) of consciousness, specifically that consciousness is of the essence of reality; also the Buddhist school of subjective idealism otherwise known as Yogacara (q.v.). — K.F.L. Fuente: The Dictionary of Philosophy

Vijnana (Skr.) Consciousness; the faculty of apprehension or individualization of experience, and as such perhaps equivalent to ahamkara. — K.F.L. Fuente: The Dictionary of Philosophy

Vihara (Sanskrit, walking, for pleasure or amusement), with the Buddhists (q.v.), is the name of their temples and convents. Originally it designated the hall or halls where the Buddha Sakyamuni, and the priests by whom he was accompanied, used to meet; but when these halls were converted into temples, the name Vihara was applied to … Continue reading “Vihara”

Viguier, Pierre Francois a French Orientalist, was born at Besancon July 20, 1745. He entered the ecclesiastic ranks and taught rhetoric at the college of his native place; afterwards he passed into the Congregation of St. Lazarus, and taught theology in the Seminary of Sens. In 1772 he went to Algiers to redeem the Christian … Continue reading “Viguier, Pierre Francois”

Vigor, William an abbot of Glastonbury, England. He was elected to the office and presented to the bishop of Bath, who consecrated him on the day after the Vigil of St. Benedict (1219). He is mentioned as having been very kind to the monks; and is immortalized in the Chronicles for having ceded half a … Continue reading “Vigor, William”

Vigor, Simon French bishop and controversialist, b. at Evreux, Normandy, about 1515; d. at Carcassonne, 1 Nov., 1575. Son of Raynaud Vigor, a court physician, he went to Paris about 1520, where his studies included Greek, Hebrew, and Latin; later he devoted himself to theology. Admitted to the College of Navarre in 1540, in the … Continue reading “Vigor, Simon”

Vignon, Claude a French painter and engraver, was born at Tours in 1590, He visited Italy and studied there several years. Dumesnil mentions twenty-seven spirited and masterly etchings by him, among which are St. John in the Desert: thirteen plates from the Life of Christ: The Martyrdom of St. Andrew: Philip Baptizing the Eunuch: and … Continue reading “Vignon, Claude”

Vignoles, Alphonse des a Reformed theologians of Germany, was born Oct. 9, 1649, at the Castle Aubais, in Lower Languedoc. He studied at Saumur, Paris, and Oxford, and after his return from the latter place he was, in 1675, appointed pastor at Cailar, where he commenced his chronological studies. After the Revocation of the Edict … Continue reading “Vignoles, Alphonse des”

Vignola, Girolamo da an Italian painter, furnished at Modena in the first half of the 16th century. He was a professed follower of Raphael, and some of his frescos still remain in the Church of St. Piero in his native city. See Spooner, Biog. Hist. of the Fine Arts, s.v. Fuente: Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological … Continue reading “Vignola, Girolamo da”