Pavement
PAVEMENT
See GABBATHA.
Fuente: American Tract Society Bible Dictionary
Pavement
is the rendering in the A.V. of , ritspah’, originally a stone heated for baking purposes, and hence a tesselated pavement (2Ch 7:3; Est 1:6; Ezekiel xl, 17, 18; 42:3), once of the cognate term
, martse’pheth, a paved floor (2Ki 16:17). In Joh 19:13 it is the rendering of , which is immediately explained by the Heb. equivalent Gabbatha (q.v.). In the account of the sacrilege of Ahab, we read that he removed the brazen oxen upon which the base in the Temple rested, and substituted a stone pavement (2Ki 16:17). The lower stories of Eastern houses and palaces, in later days, were usually paved with marble (Est 1:6), but in the time of Moses marble was not used for pavements. The paved work of a sapphire stone mentioned in Exo 24:10 is therefore supposed to refer to the splendid floors known in Egypt, which were formed of painted tiles or bricks. Champollion and Rosellini have given specimens of these ornamented floors, and fragments of such may be seen in the British Museum. This taste still prevails in the East. Le Bruyn tells us that the mosque at Jerusalem is almost all covered over with green and blue bricks, which are glazed, so that when the sun shines the eve is perfectly dazzled; and Dr. Russell likewise mentions that a portion of the pavement of some of the houses in Syria is composed of mosaic work. SEE HOUSE.
Fuente: Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature
Pavement
It was the custom of the Roman governors to erect their tribunals in open places, as the market-place, the circus, or even the highway. Pilate caused his seat of judgment to be set down in a place called “the Pavement” (John 19:13) i.e., a place paved with a mosaic of coloured stones. It was probably a place thus prepared in front of the “judgment hall.” (See GABBATHA
Fuente: Easton’s Bible Dictionary
Pavement
PAVEMENT.The word occurs only in Joh 19:13 as one of the names by which was known the locality otherwise called Gabbatha (wh. see) In classical usage denotes a stone pavement, and later a mosaic or tessellated pavement, in which sense the word passed into Latin. Of recent years beautiful pavements have been found in many places in Palestine; but so far there is no evidence outside the NT that any locality in Jerusalem was generally known as either Gabbatha or the Pavement, and no attempted identification of the spot is quite satisfactory. The easiest course is to regard the passage as unhistorical, and the allusions as derived only from the writers imagination and introduced to give verisimilitude to the narrative; but such an explanation is itself as subjective as the pleas it adopts. That the reference is to the paved forecourt of the Temple, or to the usual meeting-place of the Sanhedrin, is rendered unlikely by the absence of the designation from Jewish literature, as well as by the improbability that Pilate would choose any partially consecrated spot for the inquiry. On the other hand, there are Latin usages which seem to connect the locality with the governors official or temporary residence. Julius Caesar is described by Suctonius (Vit. Div. Jul. 46) as carrying about with him on his military expeditions a tessellated pavement, which was laid down in his encampments as marking the spot from which judicial decisions and addresses to the soldiers were given. Josephus (Ant. xviii. iv. 6) reports that Philip the tetrarch similarly carried his tribunal with him ( ), but there is no reference to a portable mosaic. In the case of Pilate, it is possible that he would be disposed to imitate the procedure of the Emperor, or even that of a petty sovereign, but in this matter no record to such an effect has been found; and whilst the course would not be without danger, it is not easy to think that a locality would derive its name from being one of many places on which a movable pavement was once or occasionally laid. That, moreover, there were, as a rule, in the larger centres of population, fixed places for the administration of justice is not unlikely. The provincial basilicas were often law-courts as well as exchanges, the tribunal being set in the semicircular apse, of which the raised floor was certainly paved, and exactly the kind of spot to attract a designer. There may not have been any such basilica at Jerusalem, or at least the remains of one have not so far been clearly identified. Josephus (BJ II. ix. 3: ) has been cited in support of a view that Pilate used the open market-place (so Whiston, followed by many) at Jerusalem for the administration of justice; but the passage refers to Caesarea, and the rendering of as a synonym of is not well established. Each stationary camp, again, had its tribunal, sometimes formed of turf but more frequently of stone, and from it the general addressed the soldiers and the tribunes administered justice. In Jerusalem the garrison occupied the castle of Antonia, within which would be the tribunal used in cases of military discipline, but probably not for the hearing of Jewish complaints and causes. Pilate himself would reside in Herods palace (cf. Philo, ad Gaium, 31, and the practice of Gessius Florus in Josephus BJ ii. xv. 5), as did also the procurator at Caesarea (Act 23:35). It was a magnificent building, lined outside with spacious porticoes. Here it was natural that the Jews should present themselves when seeking the execution of Jesus (Joh 18:28; Joh 19:4), who was apparently confined in the palace (Joh 19:9; Joh 19:13 a). And one of these paved porticoes may well have been known within the palace as the Pavement, upon which stood the judgment-seat, under an open cupola or within a rounded porch.
Literature.Hasting’s Dictionary of the Bible , art. Gabbatha; EBi [Note: Bi Encyclopaedia Biblica.] , art. Pavement.
R. W. Moss.
Fuente: A Dictionary Of Christ And The Gospels
Pavement
PAVEMENT.See Gabbatha.
Fuente: Hastings’ Dictionary of the Bible
Pavement
pavment: In the Old Testament, with the exception of 2Ki 16:17, the Hebrew word is , ricpah (2Ch 7:3; Est 1:6; Eze 40:17, etc.); in Sirach 20:18 and Bel and the Dragon verse 19 the word is , edaphos; in Joh 19:13, the name The Pavement (, lithostrotos, paved with stone) is given to the place outside the Pretorium on which Pilate sat to give judgment upon Jesus. Its Hebrew (Aramaic) equivalent is declared to be GABBATHA (which see). The identification of the place is uncertain.
Fuente: International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
Pavement
[GABBATHA]
Fuente: Popular Cyclopedia Biblical Literature
Pavement
See JUDGEMENT SEAT.
Fuente: Concise Bible Dictionary
Pavement
Pavement. See Gabbatha.
Fuente: Smith’s Bible Dictionary
Pavement
an adjective, denoting “paved with stones” (lithos, “a stone,” and stronnuo, “to spread”), especially of tessellated work, is used as a noun in Joh 19:13, of a place near the Praetorium in Jerusalem, called Gabbatha, a Greek transliteration of an Aramaic word. In the Sept., 2Ch 7:3; Est 1:6; Son 3:10.