Shih fei
Shih fei
Right and wrong, with reference to both opinion and conduct, a distinction strongly stressed by the Confucians, Neo-Confucians, Mohists, Neo-Mohists, Sophists, and Legalists alike, except the Taoists who repudiated such distinction as superficial, relative, subjective, unreal in the eyes of Tao, and inconsistent with the Taoist idea of the absolute equality of things and opinions. To most of the ancient Chinese schools, correspondence of name to actuality, both in the social sense and the logical sense, served as the standard of right and wrong. The Sophists often employed the result of argumentation as the standard. The one who won was right and the one who lost was wrong. The Neo-Mohists emphasized logical consistency, whereas the Legalists insisted on law. The early Confucians emphasized conformity with the moral order. “Whiterer conforms with propriety is right and whatever does not conform with propriety is wrong ” As Hsun Tzu (c 335-c 288 B.C.) put it, “Whatever conforms with the system of the sage-kings is right and whatever does not conform with the system of the sage-kings is wrong.” To the Neo-Confucians, “Whatever is in accord with Reason (li) is right.” “The right is the expression of justice and impartiality based on the Universal Reason, and the wrong is the expression of selfishness and partiality based on human desire.” — W.T.C.