So
SO
King of Egypt, made an alliance with Hoshea king of Israel, and promised him assistance; but was unable to prevent Shalmaneser king of Assyria from taking Samaria and subverting the kingdom, B. C. 721, 2Ki 17:4 . See PHARAOH.So is believed to have been the Servetus or Sabaco II of secular history, the second king of the Ethiopian or twenty-fifth dynasty, and the predecessor of Trihakah. A singular fact has been brought to light by the recent explorations at Nineveh, corroborating the Scripture record the more forcibly, because unexpected and direct. The Bible shows that Egypt and Assyria, though remote, were often in conflict during the height of the Assyrian ruins power, and that So was at war with Shalmaneser. After war comes the treaty of peace; and as the Bible prepares us to suppose such treaties were made, the Assyrian ruins furnish evidence of their existence. In the remains of Sennacherib’s palace recently disentombed, a small room was found which seems to have been a hall of records; and among the seals it contained was the seal of So, well known to students of Egyptian antiquities.It was impressed, as was then the custom, on a piece of fine clay, which also bore the impress of a royal signet of Assyria; thus showing the probability that such a treaty between the two nations had here been deposited. If so, when the two monarchs affixed their seals to a document, which like themselves has turned to dust, the Most High by their act affixed an additional seal to his holy word, which is true and abideth forever.
Fuente: American Tract Society Bible Dictionary
So
(Heb. S6, ; Sept. ; Vulg. Sua), a king of Egypt whom Hoshea, the last king of Israel, called to his help against the Assyrians under Shalmaneser, evidently intending to become the vassal of Egypt, and therefore making no present, as had been the yearly custom, to the king of Assyria (2Ki 17:4). B.C. 726. The consequence of this step, which seems to have been forbidden by the prophets, who about this period are constantly warning the people against trusting in Egypt and Ethiopia, was the imprisonment of Hoshea, the taking of Samaria, and the carrying captive of the ten tribes. SEE ISRAEL, KINGDOM OF. It has been questioned whether this So was the same with Sabaco (Manetho Sabacon), the first king of the Ethiopian dynasty in Upper Egypt, or his son and successor Sevechus (Manetho Sebichos), the second king of the same dynasty, and the immediate predecessor of Tirhakah. Winer hesitates between them, and Gesenius concludes for the latter. Sevechus reigned twelve years, according to Manetho, fourteen according to Syncellus. This name, in Egyptian Sebech, is also that of the god Saturn (Champollion, Panth. Egypt. No. 21, 22; Winer, Real Worterb. s.v.; Geseunius, Comment. in Jes. 1, 696). SEE EGYPT.
The accession of Teharka, the Tirhakah of Scripture, may be nearly fixed on the evidence of an Apis tablet, which states that one of the bulls Apis was born in his twenty-sixth year, and died at the end of the twentieth of Psammetichus I. This bull lived more than twenty years, and the longest age of any Apis stated is twenty-six. Supposing the latter duration, which would allow a short interval between Teharka and Psammetichus 2, as seems necessary, the accession of Teharka would be B.C. 695. If we assign twenty-four years to the two predecessors, the commencement of the dynasty would be B.C. 719. But it is not certain that their reigns were continuous. The account which Herodotus gives of the war of Sennacherib and Sethos suggests that Tirhakah was not ruling in Egypt at the time of the destruction of the Assyrian army, so that we may either conjecture, as Dr. Hincks has done, that the reign of Sethos followed that of Shebetek and preceded that of Tirhakah over Egypt (Journ. Sac. Lit. Jan. 1853), or else that Tirhakah was king of Ethiopia while Shebetek, not the same as Sethos, ruled in Egypt; the former hypothesis being far the more probable. It seems impossible to arrive at any positive conclusion as to the dates to which the mentions in the Bible of So and Tirhakah refer, but it must be remarked that it is difficult to overthrow the date of B.C. 721 for the taking of Samaria. If we adopt the earlier dates, So must correspond to Shebek; if the later, perhaps to Shebetek; but if it should be found that the reign of Tirhakah is dated too high, the former identification might still be held. The name Shebek is nearer to the Hebrew name than Shebetek; and if the Masoretic points do not faithfully represent the original pronunciation, as we might almost infer from the consonants, and the name was Sewa or Seva, it is not very remote from Shebek. We cannot account for the transcription of the Sept.
From Egyptian sources we know nothing more of Shebek than that he conquered and put to death Bocchoris, the sole king of the twenty-fourth dynasty, as we learn from Manetho’s list, and that he continued the monumental works of the Egyptian kings. There is a long inscription at El- Karnak in which Shebek speaks of tributes from the king of the land of Khala (Shara), supposed to be Syria (Brugsch, Hist. d’Egypte, 1, 244). This gives some slight confirmation to the identification of this king with So, and it is likely that the founder of a new dynasty would have endeavored, like Shishak and Psammetichus I, the latter virtually the founder of the twenty-sixth, to restore the Egyptian supremacy in the neighboring Asiatic countries. The standard inscription of Sargon in his palace at Khorsabad states, according to M. Oppert, that after the capture of Samaria, Hanon, king of Gaza, and Sebech, sultan of Egypt, met the king of Assyria in battle at Rapih, Raphia, and were defeated. Sebech disappeared, but Hanon was captured. Pharaoh, king of Egypt, was then put to tribute (Les Inscriptions Assyriennes des Sargonides, etc. p. 22). This statement would appear to indicate that either Shebek or Shebetek, for we cannot lay great stress upon the seeming identity of name. with the former, advanced to the support of Hoshea and his party, and being defeated fled into Ethiopia, leaving the kingdom of Egypt to a native prince. This evidence favors the idea that the Ethiopian kings were not successive. SEE TIRHAKAH.
In a room in the ruins of the palace of Sennacherib at Koyunjik, Mr. Layard found a piece of clay upon which was impressed the signet of Sabak, or Sabaco, king of Egypt. On the same piece of clay is impressed an Assyrian seal, probably that of Sennacherib, with a device representing a priest ministering before the king, or perhaps the symbol of the high contracting parties. The original of this remarkable seal is now deposited in the British Museum. The Egyptian portion of it represents Sabak as about to smite an enemy, perhaps in sacrifice to Amun-Ra, with a kind of mace. Above and before him are hieroglyphs, expressing Netr nfr nb ar cht Sabak= the perfect god, the lord who produces things, Sabak. Behind him, sha sanch-haf= life follows his head. On the left edge, ma na nak= I have given to thee. This seal, impressed with the royal signets of the two monarchs, probably Sennacherib and Sabak, or So, appears to have been affixed to a treaty between Assyria and Egypt and deposited among the archives of the kingdom. As the two monarchs were undoubtedly contemporary, this piece of clay furnishes remarkable confirmatory evidence of the truth of Scripture history. SEE PHARAOH.
Fuente: Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature
So
(Nubian, Sabako), an Ethiopian king who brought Egypt under his sway. He was bribed by Hoshea to help him against the Assyrian monarch Shalmaneser (2 Kings 17:4). This was a return to the policy that had been successful in the reign of Jeroboam I.
Fuente: Easton’s Bible Dictionary
So
The Egyptian king to whom Hoshea, Israel’s last king, applied in the ninth year of his reign for help, when casting off the obligation to pay tribute to Assyria (2Ki 17:4). So did not venture to encounter the Assyrian king Shalmaneser, but deserted his protege, as Egyptian kings often did (Isa 30:3; Isa 36:6). Israel was conquered and Samaria taken. Egyptian monuments illustrate Scripture; precisely in Hoshea’s time a change occurs in the Egyptian dynasties. Manetho’s 25th or Ethiopian dynasty extended its influence into Lower Egypt in 725 B.C.
So or Seveh answers to “Sabacho” of Manetho, and “Shebek I” of the hieroglyphics. A little later So contended with Sargon in southern Palestine. A seal of fine clay, impressed from the bezel of a metallic finger ring, an oval two inches long by one wide, bears the image, name, and titles of Sabacho. Some make So the first Sabacho, others Sabacho II. Tirhakah or Tehrak, the third and last of the dynasty, is thought to have put So to death. Sabaku (according to G. Smith’s deciphering) married the sister of Tirhakah who helped Hezekiah against Sennacherib; at Sabaku’s death Tirhakah succeeded, Sabaku’s son being set aside.
Fuente: Fausset’s Bible Dictionary
So
SO.The king of Egypt (Mizraim), Hosheas correspondence with whom led shortly to the captivity of Israel (2Ki 17:4). In b.c. 725 the kingdom of Egypt was probably in confusion (end of Dyn. 23), the land being divided among petty princes, and threatened or held by the Ethiopians. It is difficult to find an Egyptian name of this period that would be spelt So in Hebrew. Assyrian annals, however, inform us that in 722, shortly after the fall of Samaria, a certain Sibi, tartan (commander-in-chief) of Musri, was sent by Piru, king of Musri (i.e. probably Pharaob, king of Egypt), to the help of Gaza against Sargon. This Sibi may be our So (or Seve), not king, but commander-in-chief. It has been thought that the Heb. So, Seve, and the Assyr. [Note: Assyrian.] Sibi might stand for the name of the Ethiopian Shabako of the 25th Dyn., as crown prince and then king, but they would be singularly imperfect renderings of that name. Shabako gained the throne of Egypt about b.c. 713.
F. Ll. Griffith.
Fuente: Hastings’ Dictionary of the Bible
So
so (, so’, although the Hebrew might be pointed , sewe’; Assyrian Sib’u; Septuagint , Segor, , Soa; Manetho, , Seuechos; Latin Sevechus; Herodotus (ii. 137 ff), , Sabakon): In all probability the Sabaeo of Herodotus, the Shabaka, who founded the Ethiopian dynasty, the XXVth of Egyptian kings. His date is given as 715-707 BC (Flinders Petrie, History of Egypt, III, 281 ff), but we may suppose that before his accession to the throne he was entitled to be designated king, as being actually regent. To this So, Hoshea, king of Israel, made an appeal for assistance to enable him to throw off the yoke of the Assyrian Shalmaneser IV (2Ki 17:3 ff). But Hoshea’s submission to So brought him no advantage, for Shalmaneser came up throughout all the land and laid siege to Samaria. Not long after the fall of Samaria, So ventured upon an eastern campaign, and was defeated by Sargon, the successor of Shalmaneser, in the battle of Raphia in 720 BC.
Literature.
Flinders Petrie, History of Egypt, III, 281 ff; McCurdy, HPM, I, 422; Schrader, COT, I, 261.
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Fuente: International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
So
So, a king of Egypt, whom Hoshea, the last king of Israel, called to his help against the Assyrians under Shalmaneser (2Ki 17:4). It has been questioned whether this So was the same with Sabaco, the first king of the Ethiopian dynasty in Upper Egypt, or his son and successor Sevechus, the second king of the same dynasty, and the immediate predecessor of Tirhakah.
Fuente: Popular Cyclopedia Biblical Literature
So
King of Egypt. See EGYPT.
Fuente: Concise Bible Dictionary
So
H5471
King of Egypt.
2Ki 17:4
Fuente: Nave’s Topical Bible
So
So. “So, king of Egypt,” is once mentioned in the Bible — 2Ki 17:4. So has been identified by different writers, with the first and second kings, of the Ethiopian twenty-fifth dynasty, called by Manetho, Sabakon (Shebek) and Sebichos (Shebetek).
Fuente: Smith’s Bible Dictionary
So
* Notes: (1) Houtos or houto, “thus,” is the usual word (see THUS). (2) Some form of houstos, “this,” is sometimes rendered “so,” e.g., Act 23:7; Rom 12:20. (3) It translates homoios, “likewise,” e.g., in Luk 5:10; oun, “therefore,” e.g., Joh 4:40, Joh 4:53. (4) For “so many as,” see MANY; for “so much as,” see MUCH. (5) Sumbaino, when used of events, signifies “to come to pass, happen;” in Act 21:35 it is rendered “so it was.” See BEFALL, HAPPEN. (6) In 1Pe 3:17, thelo, “to will,” is translated “should so will,” lit., “willeth.” (7) In 2Co 12:16, the imperative mood, 3rd person singular, of eimi, “to be,” is used impersonally, and signifies “be it so.” (8) In Heb 7:9 epos, “a word,” is used in a phrase rendered “so to say;” see WORD, Note (1). (9) In 1Ti 3:11, hosautos, “likewise,” is translated “even so.” (10) Hos, as, is rendered “so” in Heb 3:11 (RV, “as”). For association with other words see +, p. 9.