Susa
Susa
(Gr. Sousan, Sousa)
The capital of the Kingdom of Elam, and from the time of Cyrus, or more probably of Darius I, the winter residence of the kings of Persia. It was situated on the River Ulai or Eulaeus (Dan., viii, 2, 16; Pliny, “Hist. Nat.”, VI, 27), which was probably a branch of the Choaspes, now the Kerkha, formerly connected with the Pasitigris, now the Karun. After an existence of more than fifteen centuries the city was destroyed by Assurbanipal about 647 B.C., but it rose from its ruins, and under Persian rule enjoyed great prosperity. It began to decay under the Seleucids, and after the destruction of the Sassanid monarchy by the Arabs it was gradually abandoned. The “castle” (Nehemiah 1:1; Daniel 8:2), or acropolis, was distinct and separated from the city, though in the Book of Esther the Vulgate neglects the distinction (in i, 2, 5; ii, 3 ,5 ,8.; iii, 15; viii, 14; ix, 6, 11, 12, the “castle”, and not the city, is meant). Here Darius I built a vast palace, in which under his successor occurred the events narrated in the Book of Esther. The ruins of the acropolis, covering about 300 acres, have been explored by Williams and Loftus, and more thoroughly by Dieulafoy and de Morgan. The excavations have yielded some important finds, among others the code of Hammurabi.
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LOFTUS, Chaldoea and Susiana (London, 1857), 344 sqq.; DIEULAFOY, La Perse, la Chaldee, et al Susiane (Paris, 1887); IDEM, L’Acropole de Suse (Paris, 1893); JAME DIEULAFOY, A Suse: Journal des Fouilles (Paris, 1888); DE MORGAN, Delegation en Perse (Paris, 1899—); BILLERBECK, Susa (Leipzig, 1893).
F. BECHTEL Transcribed by John D. Beetham
The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume XIVCopyright © 1912 by Robert Appleton CompanyOnline Edition Copyright © 2003 by K. KnightNihil Obstat, July 1, 1912. Remy Lafort, S.T.D., CensorImprimatur. +John Cardinal Farley, Archbishop of New York
Fuente: Catholic Encyclopedia
Susa (1)
(SEGUSIN; SEGUSIENSIS)
Diocese in the Province of Turin, Piedmont, Northern Italy. The city is situated at an elevation of about 1600 feet above sea-level, in a wide valley to the right of the Dora Riparia; near by are some valuable marble quarries (verde di Susa). The cathedral, dedicated to St. Justus and founded by Ulderico Manfredi, (1029) contains much of interest: specimens of very fine inlaid work in the choir stalls; the baptismal font and the bronze group of the “Madonna del Roccia Melone” (Madonna with the Child, St. George transfixing the dragon, and a knight on bended knee); in a chapel may be seen the tomb of the Countess Adelaide with her statue in wood, an excellent example of eleventh-century work, In ancient times the city was called Segusio, and in the days of Augustus it still had a king, who held sway over fourteen other towns. This king submitted voluntarily to the Romans and erected, in honour of Augustus, a triumphal arch, which still exists. Under Nero the kingdom was abolished and became a municipium. In addition to the arch, there still exist the ruins of the Thermæ Gratianæ constructed by Valentinian I. Susa being situated near one of the principal Alpine valleys was always a place of great strategic importance. Constantine destroyed it while advancing against Maxentius; after the Langobard invasion, the Byzantine garrison remained there till 593. Later it came into possession of the Franks. It was captured twice by Pepin and once by Charlemagne (774), who by a skilful manœuvre compelled the Lombards to fall back on Pavia. From that time it formed part of the Kingdom of Italy. In 942 it became the residence of Ardoino Glabrio, Count of Susa and later Marquis of Turin, who was succeeded by Manfredo (975), Olderico (1001), and Adelaide (1034). The latter having married Odo of Savoy in her third marriage, Susa passed into the power of Savoy. In the twelfth century it acquired communal liberty; though destroyed (1174) by Barbarossa, it soon rose again, and in 1197 had already adopted new statutes. In the wars of the thirteenth century it sided with the Guelphs, and was a subject of dispute between the marquises of Saluzzo and the counts of Savoy; it was definitely given to the latter in 1295. Later during the wars of the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries it fell on five occasions into the hands of the French (1536-62; 1628-31; 1639-42; 1704-7; 1798-1814); in 1798 the fortifications constructed by the dukes of Savoy were dismantled.
In early days, Susa seems to have belonged to the Diocese of Maurienne. The Abbey of St. Justus having been erected in 1029, the abbot had quasi-episcopal jurisdiction. The Benedictines succeeded the Canons Regular, and under Benedict XIV were replaced by secular canons. In 1772 this prelacy nullius became a diocese, and the territory of the famous Abbey of Novalesa was added to that of Susa. The first bishop was Francesco M. Ferraris. Napoleon suppressed the see in 1803, but it was restored in 1817, and its territory increased by the inclusion of the Abbey S. Michele della Chiusa. The diocese, suffragan of Turin, contains 61 parishes with 75,000 inhabitants, and 130 secular and regular priests; 5 religious houses of men and 7 of women; 3 institutes for boys and 3 for girls.
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CAPPELLETTI, Le Chiese d’Italia; SACHETTI, Memorie della Chiesa di Susa (Turin, 1786); GENUI, Il marchesato di Susa (1891); BACCO, Cenni storici su Avigliana e Susa (Susa, 1881).
U. BENIGNI. Transcribed by Douglas J. Potter Dedicated to the Immaculate Heart of the Blessed Virgin Mary
The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume XIVCopyright © 1912 by Robert Appleton CompanyOnline Edition Copyright © 2003 by K. KnightNihil Obstat, July 1, 1912. Remy Lafort, S.T.D., CensorImprimatur. +John Cardinal Farley, Archbishop of New York
Fuente: Catholic Encyclopedia
Susa
(Esther 11:3; 16:18). SEE SHUSHAN.
Fuente: Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature
Susa (2)
or those of the country (Susis or Susiana) of which Susa was the capital. Perhaps as the Elamites are mentioned in the same passage, and as Daniel (Dan 8:2) seems to call the country Elam and the city Shushan (or Susa), the former explanation is preferable. SEE SHUSHAN.
Fuente: Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature
Susa
SUSA.See Shushan.
Fuente: Hastings’ Dictionary of the Bible
Susa
susa, soosa (Additions to Esther 11:3). See SHUSHAN.
Fuente: International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
Susa
Susa [SHUSHAN]
Fuente: Popular Cyclopedia Biblical Literature
Susa
[Su’sa] See SHUSHAN.
Fuente: Concise Bible Dictionary
Susa
Su’sa. Est 11:3; Est 16:18. See Shushan.