Trumpet
TRUMPET
The Lord commanded Moses to make two trumpets of beaten silver, for the purpose of calling the people together when they were to decamp, Num 10:2 . They used these trumpets to proclaim the beginning of the civil year, of the sabbatical year, Lev 23:24 Num 29:1, and of the jubilee, Lev 25:9-10 . See MUSIC.The feast of Trumpets was kept on the first day of the seventh month of the sacred year, which was the first of the civil year, called Tishri. The beginning of the year was proclaimed by sound of trumpet, Lev 23:24 Num 29:1 ; and the day was kept solemn, all servile business being forbidden. In addition to the daily and the monthly sacrifices, Num 28:11-15, a solemn holocaust was offered in the name of the whole nation, of a bullock, a ram, a kid, and seven lambs of the same year, with offerings of flour and wine, as usual with these sacrifices. Scripture does not mention the occasion of appointing this feast.
Fuente: American Tract Society Bible Dictionary
Trumpet
is in the A.V. usually the rendering of one or the other of the two Hebrew words detailed below; but besides these it occasionally stands as the representative of the following: , Exo 19:13, the jubilee (q.v.) trumpet; takea, Eze 7:14, prop. the blowing of the trumpet. SEE TRUMPETS, FEAST OF.
1. , chatsotserah (Sept. , Vtmlg. tuba), prob. an onomatopoetic word, like the Lat. taratantara, from the quivering reverberation of its sound, was the straight trumpet (Josephus, Ant. 3, 12, 6; Jerome, ad Hosea 5, 8; Buxtorf, Lex. s.v.), and is the term used in Num 10:2; Num 10:8-10; Num 31:6; 2Ki 11:14 (trumpeter, in first occurrence); 12:13; 1Ch 13:8; 1Ch 15:24; 1Ch 15:28; 1Ch 16:6; 1Ch 16:42; 2Ch 5:12-13; 2Ch 13:12; 2Ch 13:14; 2Ch 15:14; 2Ch 20:28; 2Ch 23:13; 2Ch 29:26-28; Ezra 3, 10; Neh 12:35; Neh 12:41; Psa 98:6; Hos 5:8. There were originally two such, which the priests used on festive occasions (Num 10:2 sq.; comp. 31:6; 2Ki 12:13). Later (in David’s time) the instruments were of a richer character (1Ch 15:24; 1Ch 16:42; 2Ch 5:12 sq.; 2Ch 29:20; for a conjecture as to their form, see Sommner, Bibl Abhandl. 1, 39 sq.). Similar ones were employed in the year of jubilee (2Ki 11:14), and for popular proclamations (Hos 5:8); comp. Rosellini, Monum. II, 3, 32; Wilkinson, 2, 262. The form of this trumpet is indicated in the sculpture on the Arch of Titus at Rome (see Reland, Spolia Templi Hieros. p. 184 sq.) and on coins (Frohlich, Anal. Syr. proleg. p. 80, pl. 18, fig. 17 and 18), and it appears to have emitted a clear, shrill tone (comp. Foskel, 1, 86), adapted to an alarum (). SEE MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS.
2. , shophar (Sept. usually , Vulg. buccina), was the curved trumpet or horn (Lat. lituus) for signals; and is the word elsewhere rendered trumpet in the A. V. (cornet, 1Ch 15:28; 2Ch 15:14; Psa 98:6; Hos 5:8). It was sounded in the year of jubilee (Lev 25:9; the Talmudic New-year’s day, Mishna, Rosh hash-Shanah, 3, 3), in battle (Job 29:25 [28]; Jer 4:5; Jer 6:1), and by sentinels (Eze 33:6); and had a loud (Isa 58:1) tone like a thunder-peal (Exo 19:16; Exo 19:19). Some writers fail to distinguish this from the preceding kind of trumpet (Credner, Joel, p.164 sq.; Hoffmann, in Warnekros, Hebr. Alterth. p. 598 sq.); both instruments are named in the same connection in 1Ch 15:28; 2Ch 15:14; Psa 98:6; Hosea 5, 8 (see Zoega, De Buccwiaa [Lips. 1712]). Jerome (on the passage last cited) clearly distinguishes the shophar: Buccina pastoralis est et cornu recurvo efficitur, unde et proprie Hebraice shophar, Graece appellatur. According to the Mishna (ut sup.), however, the shophar was sometimes straight and at others crooked (see Doughtei Analect. 1, 99 sq.). Curved horns (as of oxen or sheep) are still common in the synagogue under the same name (); according to the Gemara (Shabb. 36:1), originally denoted only the curved horn and not until the downfall of the Jewish polity was it confounded with the . The second Temple contained thirteen boxes (in the court of the women), shaped like (straight) trumpets (shopharoth), for the deposition of alms (Mishna, Shekal. 6:5). The horn with which the year of jubilee was ushered in is technically called (as above observed) , or (Jos 6:4 sq.); and the force of breath required to sound it is denoted by the term , to draw out (see Winer’s Simonis Lex. p. 394,584; comp. Graser, Kathol. Messe, 1, 107 sq.). SEE CORNET.
As above intimated, the Lord commanded Moses to make two trumpets of beaten silver, for the purpose of calling the people together when they were to decamp (Numbers 10). They chiefly used these trumpets, however, to proclaim the beginning of the civil year, the beginning of the sabbatical year (Lev 23:24; Num 29:1), and the beginning of the jubilee (Lev 25:9-10). Josephus says (Ant. 3, 12, 6) that they were near a cubit long, and that their tube or pipe was of the thickness of a common flute. Their mouths were no wider than just admitted to blow into them, and their ends were like those of a modern trumpet. There were originally but two in the camp, though afterwards a great number were made. In the time of Joshua there were seven (Jos 3:4), and at the dedication of the Temple of Solomon there were one hundred and twenty priests that sounded trumpets (2Ch 5:12). The following particulars concerning the use of trumpets in the Temple will be useful, and are collected chiefly from Lightfoot’s Temple Service. The trumpets were sounded exclusively by the priests, who stood not in the Levitical choir, but apart, and opposite to the Levites, on the other side of the altar, both parties looking towards it the priests on the west side and the Levites on the east. The trumpets did not join in the concert but were sounded during certain regulated pauses in the vocal and instrumental music. The manner of their blowing with their trumpets was first a long plain blast, then a blast with breakings and quaverings, and then a long plain blast again. The priests did never blow but these three blasts went together. … The Jews do express these three several soundings that they made at one blowing by the words (translated) An alarm in the midst, and a plain note before and after it; which our Christian writers do most commonly express by tarantara, though that word seems to put the quavering sound before and after, and the plain in the midst, contrary to the Jewish description of it. SEE NEW YEAR FESTIVAL OF.
In addition to the sacred trumpets of the Temple, whose use was restricted to the priests, even in war and in battle, there were others used by the Hebrew generals (Jdg 3:27). Ehud sounded the trumpet to assemble Israel against the Moabites, whose king, Eglon, he had lately slain. Gideon took a trumpet in his hand, and gave each of his people one, when he assaulted the Midianites (Jdg 7:2; Jdg 7:16). Joab sounded the trumpet as a signal of retreat to his soldiers, in the battle against Abner (2Sa 2:28), in that against Absalom (18:16), and in the pursuit of Sheba, son of Bichri (10, 22). SEE WAR.
In Mat 6:2 we read, When thou doest thine alms, do not sound a trumpet before thee, as the hypocrites do in the synagogues, and most expositors have regarded this as an expression derived by an easy metaphor from the practice of using the trumpet to proclaim whatever was about to be done, in order to call attention to it and make it extensively known. Others, however, refer it to the trumpet-shaped boxes in which the alms were deposited (see above), and which gave a ringing sound as the coin was dropped into them. SEE TEMPLE.
Fuente: Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature
Trumpet
TRUMPET.The sole mention of the trumpet in the Gospels occurs in Mt.s version of the small apocalypse which has been incorporated in the eschatological discourse of Jesus. There (Mat 24:31) we read that when the Son of Man comes in the clouds for the final judgment, He despatches His angels with a loud trumpet to gather His elect from the four corners of the earth. The context, especially in Mt., is a Jewish-Christian application of the older Messianic tradition (cf. e.g. Is 27:13, Zec 2:10 [LXX Septuagint ]) which depicted the scattered members of Israel being summoned together by a trumpet-blast at the Messiahs advent. The figure was natural, for the trumpet-blast denoted the approach of majesty. Power, whether spiritual or physical, is the meaning of the trumpet: and so, well used by Handel in his approaches to the Deity (Fitzgeralds Letters, i. 92). It was a favourite figure of John Knox, too, as Stevenson has noted (in Men and Books). But it is rather as a rallying summons than as a herald of royalty or even an awakener of sleepers, that the trumpet is employed as a pictorial detail in the passage before us. The writer does not develop the sketch. We are not told who blows the trumpet, though possibly the angels were meant. St. Paul seems to reflect, in 1Th 4:16, the tradition which connected it with the archangel Michael, but Mt. merely inserts the realistic trait, owing to his characteristic love of Hebrew Messianic prophecy.* [Note: Wellhausen argues that as the trumpet is singular, it cannot be connected with the angels, but must be posited as a separate unit. This seems prosaic. Trumpet may have been meant to denote trumpet-blast, as indeed the gloss suggests. We should rather conjecture that , preceded by , originally stood after , which would give a better order.]
Literature.See Huhns Messianischen Weissagungen ( 45). Volzs Jdische Eschatologie (1903, 45b); Boussets Antichrist (English translation pp. 247, 248), and the same authors Die Religion des Judentums (1903, p. 224 f.); also Haupts Die eschatolog. Aussagen Jesu (1895, pp. 116 f., 128 f.).
James Moffatt.
Fuente: A Dictionary Of Christ And The Gospels
Trumpet
TRUMPET.See Music, 4 (2) (e).
Fuente: Hastings’ Dictionary of the Bible
Trumpet
We read much of the use of trumpets in the old church in the wilderness. And as they were formed by the express command of the Lord no doubt their signification was important. (See Num 10:1, etc.) I do not stay to enter into particulars, for the limits I must observe necessarily compel me to be very short on each subject. It maybe proper however to remark on this particular, that there were four distinct uses for the service of the trumpet in the church of Israel. They had the trumpet to call the people to their religious service; the fast trumpet, the feast trumpet, and the war trumpet, beside the Jubilee trumpet, which was heard but once in nine and forty years; and though it was never heard but on that day, yet so particular was the sound of it that no captive in Israel could mistake its meaning. See Jubilee.
Fuente: The Poor Mans Concordance and Dictionary to the Sacred Scriptures
Trumpet
[MUSIC]
Fuente: Popular Cyclopedia Biblical Literature
Trumpet
Made of ram’s horn
Jos 6:4-6; Jos 6:8; Jos 6:13
Made of silver
Num 10:2
Uses of, prescribed by Moses
Num 10:1-10
Used in war
Job 39:24-25; Jer 4:19; Jer 6:1; Jer 6:17; Jer 42:14; Jer 51:27; Eze 7:14; Amo 2:2; Amo 3:6; Zep 1:16; 1Co 14:8
Used to summon soldiers:
– By Phinehas
Num 31:6
– By Ehud
Jdg 3:27
– By Gideon
Jdg 6:34
– By Saul
1Sa 13:3
– By Joab
2Sa 2:28; 2Sa 18:16; 2Sa 20:22
– By Absalom
2Sa 15:10
– By Sheba
2Sa 20:1
– By Nehemiah
Neh 4:18; Neh 4:20
Used by Gideon’s soldiers
Jdg 7:8-22
Used in war, of Abijah
2Ch 13:12; 2Ch 13:14
Used in the siege of Jericho
Jos 6:4-20
Sounded in time of danger
Eze 33:3-6; Joe 2:1
Used at Sinai
Exo 19:13-19; Exo 20:18; Heb 12:19
Used on the great day of atonement
Isa 27:13
Used at the jubilee
Lev 25:9
Used at the bringing up of the ark
2Sa 6:5; 2Sa 6:15; 1Ch 13:8; 1Ch 15:28
Used at the anointing of kings
1Ki 1:34; 1Ki 1:39; 2Ki 9:13; 2Ki 11:14
Used at the dedication of Solomon’s temple
2Ch 5:12-13; 2Ch 7:6
Used in worship
1Ch 15:24; 1Ch 16:42; 1Ch 25:5; Psa 81:3-4
Used at Jehoshaphat’s triumph
2Ch 20:28
Used at the foundation of the second temple
Ezr 3:10-11
Used at the dedication of the wall
Neh 12:35; Neh 12:41
Figurative
Isa 27:13; Eze 33:3; Joe 2:1; Zec 9:14; Mat 6:2
Symbolic
Mat 24:31; 1Co 15:52; 1Th 4:16; Rev 1:10; Rev 4:1; Rev 8:1-13; Rev 9:1-14; Rev 10:7; Rev 11:15 Music, Instruments of
Fuente: Nave’s Topical Bible
Trumpet
Trumpet. See Cornet.
Fuente: Smith’s Bible Dictionary
TRUMPET
Trumpet (sounding) is in Exo 19:16-19, the forerunner of the appearance of God, and of the proclamation of the law.
Amongst the Jews trumpets were used on several occasions.
1. To give notice, whilst they were in the wilderness, when the camp should remove, Num 10:2.
2. To call assemblies, Num 10:2.
3. To proclaim the return of the Jubilee, Lev 25:8-9.
4. To sound over the daily burnt-offering, and over the burnt-offerings and peace-offerings on the solemn days and new moons. 2Ch 29:27-28; Psa 81:3.
5. To give notice of the entrance and going out of the Sabbath.f1
6. To sound alarms in time of war;f2 whence they signify, in the Prophets, a denunciation of judgments, and a warning of the imminent approach of them; as in Jer 4:19-21 : “My bowels, my bowels, I am pained at my very heart! my heart maketh a noise in me, I cannot hold my peace, because thou hast heard, O my soul, the sound of the trumpet, the alarm of war. Destruction upon destruction is cried, for the whole land is spoiled; suddenly are my tents spoiled, and my curtains in a moment. How long shall I see the standard, and hear the sound of the trumpet.” See also Jer 42:14; Jer 51:27; Amo 3:6; Zep 1:16.
7. Trumpets sounded at the inauguration of the Jewish kings. 1Ki 1:34; 2Ki 9:13; 2Ki 11:14.
8. When the city Jericho was to be taken the trumpets were to sound, and a shout was to be raised, Jos 6:16.
Trumpets were used at the laying of the foundation of the second temple, Ezr 3:10. It is highly probable that trumpets were used at the laying of the foundation of the first: for, during the time of the building of it, music was continually used. Compare 1Ch 6:31-32, with 1Ch 16:7, and 1Ch 25:1.
Amongst the heathens, trumpets were used also upon divers accounts.
1. The Romans made use of them to notify the watches in the night; and to give notice also of the time upon several other occasions.f3
2. They made use of them at the inauguration of their emperors.f4
3. The Roman magistrates caused trumpets to sound at the execution of criminals, whom they looked upon as sacrifices, or persons devoted, as appears from Tacitusf5 and Seneca.f6
4. Trumpets were used by the heathen in sounding alarms for war. Thus Homer makes the heaven to sound the trumpet when the gods went to war.f7 And Plutarch, in the Life of Sylla, says, that there were many omina of the war between Sylla and Marius, but that the greatest of all was the sound of a trumpet in the air.
5. Trumpets were used by the heathens at the destruction of cities. Thus in Amo 2:2 “I will send a fire upon Moab, and it shall devour the palaces of Kirioth, and Moab shall die with tumult, with shouting, and with the sound of the trumpet. And exactly in the same manner is the burning of Troy described by Virgil,-the Grecian army shouting, and their trumpets sounding.f8 Homer also makes mention of this custom in the following verses:
‘ ‘ , ‘
‘ ‘ .f9
The sense of which is given in the following lines;-
” When foes encamped around a city lie,
And wait surrender from the enemy,
Great fear runs thrilling through their breast within
The walls when echoing trumpets do begin;
Such was Achilles’ voice, such dread appeared
In the Dardanian host, ’twas so distinctly heard.”-J. A.
According to the same custom the Romans demolished Corinth by sound of trumpetf10 These were a kind of religious acts. And therefore Alexander the Great, concerning Persepolis, declared to his generals, that they ought to make a sacrifice to their ancestors by its destruction.f11 And thus the inhabitants of Jericho were accursed or devoted, and as sacrifices slain. Jos 6:17-18; Jos 6:21.
6. The foundations of cities were laid at the sound of musical instruments;f12 in allusion to which, in Job 38:6-7, it is said, ” That when God laid the foundation of the earth, the stars and angels sung and shouted for joy;” which shews that such a custom had been used in the patriarchal times; to which also there is allusion in Zec 4:7.
F1 Jos. de Bell. Jud. L. v. c. 34.
F2 Num 10:9.
F3 Luc. Phars. L. ii. “Neu Buccina dividat horas.” Senec. Thyest. ver. 797. Claud. de vi. Cons. Hon. ver. 454.
F4 Ammian. Marcell. L. xxvii. Vol. I. p. 237.
F5 Tac. Ann. L. ii. c. 32.
F6 Sen. de Ira, L. i. c. ir.
F7 Horn. Il.ver. 388.
F8 Virg. An. ii. ver. 313. See also Servius in Loc.
F8 Hom. II. xviii. ver. 219, 220, 221.
F10 Florus, L. ii. c. 16.
F11 Q. Curt. L. v. c. 6, ad in.
F12 Pausan. Messen. p. 137.
Fuente: A Symbolical Dictionary
Trumpet
The Lord commanded Moses to make two trumpets of beaten silver, to be employed in calling the people together when they were to decamp, Num 10:2-3, &c. They also chiefly made use of these trumpets, to proclaim the beginning of the civil year, the beginning of the Sabbatical year, and the beginning of the jubilee, Lev 25:9-10. Josephus says, that these trumpets were near a cubit long; and had a tube, or pipe, of the thickness of a common flute. Their mouths were only wide enough to be blown into, and their ends were like those of a modern trumpet. At first there were but two in the camp, but afterward a greater number were made. Even in the time of Joshua there were seven of them, Jos 6:4. At the dedication of the temple of Solomon six-score priests sounded as many trumpets, 2Ch 5:12. Beside the sacred trumpets of the temple, the use of which was restrained to the priests only, in war there were others, which the generals sometimes employed for gathering their troops together. For example, Ehud sounded the trumpet, to assemble the Israelites against the Moabites, who oppressed them, and whose king Eglon he had lately slain, Jdg 6:27. Gideon took a trumpet in his hand, and gave every one of his people one, when he assaulted the Midianites, Jdg 7:2; Jdg 7:16. Joab sounded the trumpet, to give the signal of retreat to his soldiers, in the battle against those of Abner’s party, and in that against Absalom; and lastly, in the pursuit of Sheba the son of Bichri. 2Sa 2:28; 2Sa 18:16; 2Sa 20:22. The feast of trumpets was kept on the first day of the seventh month of the sacred year, the first of the civil year. See MUSIC.