Trumpets, Feast of
Trumpets, Feast of
The first day of Tishri (October), the seventh month of the Hebrew year, and, next to Yom Kippur, or Day of Atonement, the greatest feast of the Hebrews. It is ordained in the words “The seventh month, on the first day of the month, you shall keep a sabbath, a memorial, with the sound of trumpets.” (Leviticus 23) It is celebrated as New Year’s Day, and is also called Day of Judgment; in preparation for it, the trumpet (shophar) is sounded morning and evening excepting Sabbaths, during the entire preceding month.
Fuente: New Catholic Dictionary
Trumpets, Feast of
The first day of Tishri (October), the seventh month of the Hebrew year. Two trumpets are mentioned in the Bible, the shophar and hacocerah. The latter was a long, straight, slender, silver clarion, liturgically a priestly instrument. The shophar was made of horn, as we see from its now and then being called qeren, “horn” (cf. Joshua 6:5); in fact, in the foregoing passage, it is designated a “ram’s horn”, qeren yobel. The Mishna (Rosh hasshanah, iii, 2) allows the horn of any clean animal save the cow, and suggests the straight horn of the ibex. The Feast of Trumpets is ordained in the words: “The seventh month, on the first day of the month, you shall keep a sabbath, a memorial, with the sound of trumpets” (Leviticus 23:24). The Hebrew text has: “a memorial of the blast”. The Septuagint adds “of trumpets” (salpiggon), a word which together with keratine (made of horn) always designates in the Septuagint, shophar and never the hacocerah. We find the feast also ordained in Numbers, xxix, 1: The first day also of the seventh month. . .is the day of the sounding of the trumpets. This text gives us no more light in the original, where we read only “the day of blast let it be unto you”. Here, too, the Septuagint hemera semasias, “day of signaling”, affords no light. The feast is called by Philo salpigges, “Trumpets”. It would seem, then, that the shophar and not the hacocerah was in Biblical times used on the feast of the new moon of Tishri. In Rabbinical ritual the festival has come to be known as New Year’s Day (rosh hasshnah), Day of Memorial (yom hazzikkaron), and Day of Judgment (yom haddin). The shophar gives the signal call to solitude and prayer. In preparation for the great feast, the shophar is sounded morning and evening excepting Sabbaths, throughout the entire preceeding month of Elul. According to the Mosaic Law, the special offerings of the Feast of Trumpets were a bullock, a ram and seven lambs for a burnt offering; a buck goat for sin offering (Numbers 29:2, 5; Leviticus 22:24-25).
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WALTER DRUM Transcribed by John Looby
The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume XVCopyright © 1912 by Robert Appleton CompanyOnline Edition Copyright © 2003 by K. KnightNihil Obstat, October 1, 1912. Remy Lafort, S.T.D., CensorImprimatur. +John Cardinal Farley, Archbishop of New York
Fuente: Catholic Encyclopedia
Trumpets, Feast Of
( , Num 29:1; Sept. ; Vulg. dies clangoris et tubatrum; , Lev 23:24; ; sabbatum mnemoriale clangentibus tubis: in the Mishna, , the beginning of the year), the feast of the new moon, which fell on the first of Tisri. It differed from the ordinary festivals of the new moon in several important particulars. It was one of the seven days of Holy Convocation. SEE FEAST. Instead of the mere blowing of the trumpets of the Temple at the time of the offering of the sacrifices, it was a day of blowing of trumpets. In addition to the daily sacrifices and the eleven victims offered on the first of every month [see NEW MOON], there were offered a young bullock, a ram, and seven lambs of the first year, with the accustomed meat offerings, and a kid for a sin-offering (Num 29:1-6). The regular monthly offering was thus repeated, with the exception of one young bullock.
It is said that both kinds of trumpet were blown in the Temple on this day, the straight trumpet () and the cornet or ), and that elsewhere any one, even a child. might blow a cornet (Reland, 4:7, 2; Carpzov, p. 425; Rosh hash-Shan. 1, 2). When the festival fell upon a Sabbath, the trumpets were blown in the Temple, but not out of it (Rosh hash-Shan. 4:1). SEE JUBILEE.
It has been conjectured that Psalms 81, one of the songs of Asaph, was composed expressly for the Feast of Trumpets. The psalm is used in the service for that day by the modern Jews. As the third verse is rendered in the Sept., the Vulgate, and the A.V., this would seem highly probable- Blow up the trumpet in the new moon, the time appointed, on our solemn feast day. But the best authorities understand the word translated new moon () to mean full moon. Hence the psalm would more properly belong to the service for one of the festivals which take place at the full moon, the Passover, or the Feast of Tabernacles (Gesenius, Thesaur. s.v.; Rosenmller and Hengstenberg on Psalms 81).
Various meanings have been assigned to the Feast of Trumpets. Maimonides considered that its purpose was to awaken the people from their spiritual slumber to prepare for the solemn humiliation of the Day of Atonement, which followed it within ten days. This may receive some countenance from Joe 2:15, Blow the trumpet () in Zion, sanctify a fast, call a solemn assembly. Some have supposed that it was intended to introduce the seventh or sabbatical month of the year, which was especially holy because it was the seventh, and because it contained the Day of Atonement and the Feast of Tabernacles (Fagius, in Lev 23:24; Buxtorf, Syn. Jud. c. 24). Philo and some early Christian writers regarded it as a memorial of the giving of the law on Sinai (Philo, Opp. v, 46, ed. Tauch.; Basil, in Psalms 81; Theodoret, Quaest. 32 viz. Leviticus). But there seems to be no sufficient reason to call in question the common opinion of Jews and Christians, that it was the festival of the New-year’s-day of the civil year, the first of Tisri, the month which commenced the sabbatical year and the year of jubilee. If the New- moon Festival was taken as the consecration of a natural division of time, the month in which the earth yielded the last ripe produce of the season, and began again to foster seed for the supply of the future, might well be regarded as the first month of the year. The fact that Tisri was the great month for sowing might thus have easily suggested the thought of commemorating on this day the finished work of creation, when the sons of God shouted for joy (Job 38:7). The Feast of Trumpets thus came to be regarded as the anniversary of the birthday of the world (Mishna, Rosh hash-Shun. 1, 1; Hupfeld, De Fest. Hebrews 2, 13; Buxtorf, Syn. Jud. c. 24).
It was an odd-fancy of the rabbins that on this day, every year, God judges all men, and that they pass before him as a flock of sheep pass before a shepherd (Rosh hash-Shan. 1, 2). SEE NEW YEAR.
Fuente: Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature
Trumpets, Feast of
was celebrated at the beginning of the month Tisri, the first month of the civil year. It received its name from the circumstances that the trumpets usually blown at the commencement of each month were on that occasion blown with unusual solemnity (Lev. 23:23-25; Num. 10:10; 29:1-6). It was one of the seven days of holy convocation. The special design of this feast, which is described in these verses, is not known.
Fuente: Easton’s Bible Dictionary
Trumpets, Feast of
Num 29:1-6; Lev 23:24, “a memorial of blowing of trumpets.” (See CORNET.) Besides the daily sacrifices and the eleven victims of the new moon, the ordinary feast of the first day of the month, there were offered a young bullock, a ram, and seven first year lambs, with meat offerings and a kid for a sin offering, it was one of the seven days of holy convocation, moadim; the other new moons were not, like it, days of sacred rest and convocation, though they were marked by a blowing of trumpets over the burnt offerings. Both kinds of trumpets, the straight trumpet (chatsotsrah) and the cornet (shophar and qeren), were blown in the temple, and it was “a day of blowing of trumpets.” Psa 81:3 (which modern Jews use for the feast of trumpets) does not refer to “the new moon”; translated as Hengstenberg “blow the horn in the month at the full moon” (keseh, KJV less well “at the time appointed”); Psa 81:5-7; Psa 81:10 show the Passover is referred to.
This feast of trumpets prepared for the day of atonement on the tenth day; compare Joe 2:15, “blow the trumpet … sanctify a fast, call a solemn assembly.” It was the new year day of the civil year, the first of Tisri (about October), commencing the sabbatical year and year of Jubilee. The month being that for sowing, as well as ingathering of the last ripe fruits, its first day was appropriately made commemorative of creation grain, pleted, when “all the sons of God shouted for joy” (Job 38:7), the birthday of the world. See Lev 25:9, “cause the sound of the cornet (shophar) to go through” (the land).
As the sound of the cornet signalized Jehovah’s descent on Sinai to take Israel into covenant, so the same sound at the close of the day of atonement announced the year which restored Israel to the freedom and blessings of the covenant (Exo 19:16-49). The trumpets’ sound imaged God’s voice and word (Isa 58:1; Hos 8:1; Zep 1:16; Rev 1:10; Rev 4:1). So at Christ’s coming in glory (Mat 24:31; 1Co 15:52; 1Th 4:16). This feast of trumpets reminds the people of their covenant, and puts God in remembrance of His promises (Isa 43:26; Num 10:9). So if we would have great measures of grace we must rouse all our energies and aspirations, and cry mightily with trumpet voice to God.
Fuente: Fausset’s Bible Dictionary
Trumpets, Feast Of
TRUMPETS, FEAST OF.The 1st day of Tishri (October), the 7th month of the sacred year, was signalized by a memorial of blowing trumpets, to call both God and the people to remembrance of their reciprocal positions. It was a day of holy convocation, on which no servile work might be done. The trumpets blown were probably of a different kind from those used at the ordinary new-moon festivals. At the Feast of Trumpets special offerings were made: a burnt-offering of a bullock, a ram, and 7 lambs, and a sin-offering of a kid of the goats; these in addition to the ordinary daily and monthly offerings (cf. Num 29:1-6, Lev 23:24-25). This was one of the lunar festivals of the Jewish calendar, and was the most important of the new-moon celebrations.
A. W. F. Blunt.
Fuente: Hastings’ Dictionary of the Bible
Trumpets, Feast of
1. Description:
In Lev 23:23-25 the first day (new moon) of the seventh month is set apart as a solemn rest, a memorial of blowing of trumpets (the Hebrew leaves of trumpets to be understood), signalized further by a holy convocation, abstinence from work, and the presentation of an offering made by fire. In Num 29:1-6 these directions are repeated, with a detailed specification of the nature of the offering. In addition to the usual daily burnt sacrifices and the special offerings for new moons, there are to be offered one bullock, one ram, and seven he-lambs, with proper meal offerings, together with a he-goat for a sin offering.
2. Significance:
The significance of the feast lay in the fact that it marked the beginning of the new year according to the older calendar. Originally the revolution of the year was reckoned in the fall (Exo 23:16; Exo 34:22), and the change to the spring never thoroughly displaced the older system. In fact the spring New Year never succeeded in becoming a specially recognized feast, and to Jewish ears New Year’s Day ( , ro’sh ha-shanah) invariably signifies an autumnal festival. So the Mishna (Ro’sh ha-shanah, i. 1): There are four periods of commencement of years: On the 1st of Nisan is a new year for kings and for festivals; the 1st of Elul is a new year for the tithe of cattle…. The 1st of Tishri is new year’s (day) for the ordinary or civil year, for the computation of 7th years, and of the jubilees; also for the planting of trees, and for herbs. On the 1st of Shebat is the new year for trees.
3. Ritual:
The ritual for the day consequently needs little explanation. All new moons were heralded by trumpeting (Num 10:10), and so the custom was of course observed on this feast also. There is nothing in the language of either Lev 23 or Nu 29 to require a prolongation of the music on this special new moon, but its special distinction was no doubt marked by special trumpeting at all times, and at a later period (see below) elaborate rules were laid down for this feature. The additional sacrifices simply involved an increase of those prescribed for new moons (Num 28:11-15), without changing their type. Perhaps Ps 81 was especially written for this feast (compare Psa 81:3).
4. Origin:
Mentions of a special observance of the 1st of Tishri are found also in Eze 45:20 (reading, as is necessary, first day of seventh month here for seventh day) and Neh 8:1-12. In the former passage, the day is kept by offering a bullock as a sin offering and sprinkling its blood in a way that recalls the ritual of the Day of Atonement. In Nehemiah an assembly of the people was held to hear Ezra read the Law. The day was kept as a festival on which mourning was forbidden (Neh 8:9). Apart from these references there is no mention of the feast elsewhere in the Old Testament, and, indeed, there is some reason to think that at one time the 10th, and not the 1st, of Tishri was regarded as the beginning of the year. For Eze 40:1 specifically calls this day ro’sh ha-shanah, and Lev 25:9 specifies it as the opening of the Jubilee year (contrast the Mishna passage, above). Consequently scholars generally are inclined to assign Lev 23:23-25 and Num 29:1-6 to the latest part of the Pentateuch (Ps). This need not mean that the observance of the 1st (or 10th) of Tishri was late, but only that the final adoption of the day into Israel’s official calendar, with a fixed ritual for all Israelites, was delayed. If the original New Year’s Day fell on the 10th of Tishri, its displacement ten days earlier was certainly due to the adoption of the 10th for the Day of Atonement. An explanation of the date of the latter feast would be gained by this supposition.
5. Later History:
The instrument to be used in the trumpeting is not specified in the Bible, but Jewish tradition decided in favor of the horn and not the metal trumpet, permitting for synagogue use any kind of horn except a cow’s, but for temple use only a straight (antelope’s) horn and never a crooked (ram’s) horn (Ro’sh ha-shanah, iii. 2-4). According to iv. 1, when the new year began on a Sabbath the horns were blown only in the temple, but after its destruction they were blown in every synagogue. Every Israelite was obliged to come within hearing distance of the sound (iii. 7). In the synagogue liturgy of iv. 5-9 (which forms the basis of the modern Jewish practice), four sets of benedictions were read, and after each of the last three sets the horn blown nine times. Modern Judaism sees in the signals a call to self-examination and repentance, in view of the approaching Day of Atonement. See TRUMPET, III., 2., (8).
Fuente: International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
Trumpets, Feast of
[FESTIVALS]
Fuente: Popular Cyclopedia Biblical Literature
Trumpets, Feast of
This occurred on the first day of the seventh month. It was to be “a sabbath, a memorial of blowing of trumpets, an holy convocation.” They were to do no servile work therein, but were to offer an offering made by fire unto the Lord. Lev 23:23-25. The offerings are more fully described in Num 29:1-6. It indicated a renewal of blessing, being followed by the day of atonement, and the feast of tabernacles in the same month. Typically it foreshadowed the future day of Israel’s awakening when the revival of their blessing will be at hand. See FEASTS.
Fuente: Concise Bible Dictionary
Trumpets, Feast of
When and how observed
Lev 23:24-25; Num 29:1-6
Celebrated after the captivity with joy
Neh 8:2; Neh 8:9-12 Feasts
Fuente: Nave’s Topical Bible
Trumpets, Feast of
Trumpets, Feast of. This feastdescribed in Num 29:1-6; Lev 23:24was the New Year’s day of the civil year, coming on the first of Tisri (October), and was further called by the rabbins “the birthday of the world,” because in Tisri the late fruits were gathered and seed was sown. It was one of the seven days of holy convocation. The feast differed from the other feasts of new moon, which also had their trumpet-blowings over the burnt-offerings, by its being a day of rest and service.
Fuente: People’s Dictionary of the Bible
Trumpets, Feast of
Trumpets, Feast of. Num 29:1; Lev 23:24. The feast of the new moon, which fell on the first of Tisri. It differed from the ordinary festivals of the new moon, in several important particulars. It was one of the seven days, of holy convocation. Instead of the mere blowing of the trumpets of the Temple, at the time of the offering of the sacrifices, it was “a day of blowing of trumpets.”
In addition to the daily sacrifices, and the eleven victims offered on the first of every month, there were offered a young bullock, a ram and seven lambs of the first year, with the accustomed Meat [Meal] Offerings, and a kid for a Sin Offering. Num 29:1-6. The regular monthly offering was thus repeated, with the exception of the young bullock.
It has been conjectured that Psa 81:1, one of the songs of Asaph, was composed expressly for the Feast of Trumpets. The psalm is used in the service for the day by the modern Jews. Various meanings have been assigned to the Feast of Trumpets; but there seems to be no sufficient reason to call in question, the common opinion of Jews and Christians, that if was the festival of the New Year’s day of the civil year, the first of Tisri, the month which commenced the Sabbatical Year, and the Year of Jubilee.