Visdelou, Claude de
Visdelou, Claude de
Born at the Château de Bienassis, Pléneuf, Brittany, 122 Aug., 1656; died at Pondicherry, 11 Nov., 1737. He entered the Society of Jesus, 5 Sept., 1673, and was one of the missionaries sent to China by Louis XIV in 1687 (see VERBIEST, FERDINAND). He acquired a wide knowledge of the Chinese language and literature. Other learned Jesuits considered that he gave too much credit to modern Chinese commentators, who being atheists and materialists read their own ideas into the ancient Chinese sages. When the papal legate Mgr. de Tournon came to China in 1705, chiefly to regulate the question of the Chinese Rites, Visdelou was the only Jesuit favourable to their prohibition. Tournon appointed him Vicar Apostolic of Kwei-chou with the title of Bishop of Claudiopolis, but his superiors opposed the nomination, since Visdelou had not received papal dispensation from his vow not to accept ecclesiastical dignity. With the missionaries who had submitted to the decree against the rites, Visdelou followed the legate to Macao, where he was secretly consecrated bishop, 2 Feb., 1709. He then set out for Pondicherry where he arrived, 25 June, 1709; he remained there in great retirement in the house of the French Capuchins until his death. Visdelou took with him over 500 volumes in Chinese and almost his sole occupation consisted in working on these. He sent to Rome several writings on the questions of the rites. The Sinologist, James Legge, says he “was in the habit of writing extravagantly about the Chinese and caricaturing their sentiments” (“Notions of the Chinese concerning God and the spirit”, Hong Kong, 1852, 10). His most trustworthy works deal with the history of the Tartars. He collected from Chinese historians unique documents on the peoples of Central and Eastern Asia, Huns, Tatars, Mongols, and Turks. His researches on this subject were first published as supplement to Herbelot’s “Bibliotheque orientale” (1779). However, they must have assisted Deguignes in his history of the Huns, for the geographer Anville who had handled all Visdelou’s valuable MSS. on the Tatars tells us that the author had sent them to the Academician Malet, who died in 1736 (“Memoire de M. d’Anville sur la Chine”, 1776, 33).
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NORBERT, Oraison funebre de N. de Visdelou, Jesuite, ereque de Claudiopolis, Vicaire Apostolique en Chine et aux Indes, etc. in Memoires historiques. . .sur les missiones orientales, III (Lucca, 1745), 343-460; De BACKER-SOMMERVOGEL, Bibliotheque, VIII, 838-43.
JOSEPH BRUCKER Transcribed by Michael T. Barrett Dedicated to the Catholics of China
The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume XVCopyright © 1912 by Robert Appleton CompanyOnline Edition Copyright © 2003 by K. KnightNihil Obstat, October 1, 1912. Remy Lafort, S.T.D., CensorImprimatur. +John Cardinal Farley, Archbishop of New York
Fuente: Catholic Encyclopedia
Visdelou, Claude de
a French missionary, was born in August, 1656, at the Castle of Bienassis in Poneuf (Cotes-du-Nord). At the age of fifteen he entered the Order of the Jesuits at Paris, and vigorously applied himself to the study not only of theology, but also of mathematics and languages. In 1685 he accompanied Tachard and his band of missionaries, sent out by Louis XIV, to China, and soon surprised the natives by his rapid acquisition of their language and his other acquirements. He engaged in stupendous studies and literary labors, the most important results of which were embodied in supplementary corrections to D’Herbelot’s Bibliotheque Orientale. The arrival, however, of Tournon, whom Clement XI appointed vicar-apostolic to China, in which capacity he visited Pekin, but retired (Aug. 3, 1706) to Nankin, put an end to-these missionary successes on account of an order (issued by Tournoi, Jan. 28,1707) against the old ceremonies being practiced by the Christian converts, which so exasperated the Chinese emperor that Visdelou was eventually compelled to quit Macao (June 24,1709), and he retired to Pondicherry, where he died, Nov. 11, 1737. See Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Gneral, s.v.