WOMEN
Women
The influence of Christianity did much in early times for the female sex. They were freely admitted to the Church, but they sat in upper rooms or galleries set apart for them. In many churches they had a gate of their own by which to enter, and of which the deaconess had charge. SEE DEACONESS. But women were never allowed to preach, though they might hold the rank of deaconess, and as such might instruct privately catechumens and their own sex generally. The Montanists (q.v.) were an exception to this general rule. As women were not to preach, so they could not baptize; nor were they allowed to keep private vigils. Tertullian thus describes the felicity of domestic life: “How can we find words to express the happiness of that marriage which the Church effects, and the oblation confirms, and the blessing seals, and the angels report, and the Father ratifies! What a union of two believers, with one hope, one discipline, one service, one spirit, and one flesh! ‘Together they pray, together they prostrate themselves, and together keep their fasts, teaching and exhorting one another. They are together at the Church and at the Lord’s Supper; they are together in straits and refreshments . . . Christ rejoices on hearing and beholding such things; to such persons he sends his peace. Where the two are, he is himself; and Where he is, there the evil one is not.” Eadie, Eccles. Cyclop. page 662; Bingham, Christ. Ant. book 2, chapter 22; SEE DIVORCE; SEE MARRIAGE; SEE WIDOWS.
The estimate of womanhood in the earliest Christian literature exhibits a remarkable contrast to that of paganism, as both attaching far more importance to female modesty and chastity, and, at the same time, greatly enhancing the dignity of the female character and enlarging the sphere of woman’s activities. The epistle of Clement of Rome to the Corinthians speaks of the husbands whom he addresses as exhorting their wives to the discharge of their duties with a blameless, grave, and pure conscientiousness, and in a spirit of conjugal affection, and also teaching them to superintend domestic matters with dignified decorum () (c. 1, ed. Dressel, page 48). In the same manner, Polycarp (Ad Philipp. c. 4) exhorts the Christian wives of Philippi to live in the faith, in love and purity, to duly honor their husbands, and to instruct their children in the fear of the Lord. Second marriages being systematically discouraged in the early Church, the advice given by the same writer to the widows seems directed against the faults to which iwomen, when lonely and unemployed, are specially prone “calumny, speaking against their neighbors, bearing false witness, and avarice ” (ed. Dressel, page 381).
The advice of Tertullian (Ad Uxorem, book 2, c. 8), that a woman should not refuse to marry one slightly below herself in station, provided he is likely to prove in other respects a good husband, points probably to the existence of a certain social ambition among those to whom his treatise is addressed, which he considered unworthy of the Christian character. As contrasted with the cruelty which too often disgraced the privacy of pagan households,we find Chrysostom observing that it is a shame for a man to beat his female slave, much more his wife (In Epist. I, Ad Corinth. Hom. 26; Migne, Patrol. Graece. 61:222).
The teaching of the most enlightened of the fathers was. undoubtedly to. the effect that there was no natural inferiority in the woman to the man. Theodoret (Grcee. Affect. Curat. book 5) insists emphatically on their exact equality, and says that God made woman from man in order that the tendencies and action of both might be harmonious. Sometimes, indeed, he observes, woman has been found superior to man in encountering adversity (Migne, 83:836). Chrysostom (Hoern. 61:3) says that no one is more fit to instruct and exhort her husband than a pious woman. This conception differed, however, materially from that of Plato (Repub. 5:455), in that while the Greek philosopher sought to obliterate the ordinary distinctions between the sexes, the Christian father held that nature assigned to woman her special and distinct province of activity. Chrysostom, in a passage of singular beauty, gives us a comparison between the duties of the wife and those of the husband, the former being represented as in some respects the more dignified; for while the husband is described as engaged in the rougher work of life, in the market or the law-courts, the wife is represented as remaining at home and devoting much of her time to prayer, to reading the Scriptures, . When her husband returns, harassed with his labors, it is her function to cheer and to soothe him, so that he again goes forth into the world purified from the evil influences to which he has there been exposed, and carrying with him the higher influences of his home-life (In Joann. Hom. 61; Migne, 59:340).
The participation of young females in the exercises of the palsestra and in races, commended by pagan theorists (Grote, Plato, 3:217), is condemned by Clemens of Alexandria (Ped. 3:10) as altogether repugnant to the notions of female modesty (Migne, 8:626). Chrysostom (In Matthew Hom. 1) contrasts the difference in relation to these points between Christian and pagan teaching, and even goes so far as to affirm that true virginity was a notion which paganism was unable to realize (Migne, 57:19).
At the same time we have satisfactory evidence that this exalted conception of the female character and female duties did not involve any renunciation of woman’s humbler functions. Clemens says that it is right that women should employ themselves in spinning, weaving, and watching the bread- maker ( ), and that it is no disgrace for a wife to grind corn or to superintend the cookery with the view of pleasing her husband (Migne, 8:626).
The excessive luxury of the 4th century would seem, however, to have been not less fatal to the maintenance of this high ideal than to other features of the Christian character. Amedee Thierry says that, by one of those contradictions which “deroutent la logique des idees,” christianity itself, essentially the religion of the poor, conspired to give to the manners of the Western empire a degree of effeminacy unknown in pagan times (Saint Jerome, page 2). Chrysostom declares that many of the ladies of Constantinople would not walk across even a single street to attend church, but required to be conveyed for the shortest distance (In Matthew Hom. 7; Migne, 57:79). When there they were to be seen with their necks, heads, arms, and fingers loaded with golden chains and rings, their persons breathing precious odors, and their dresses of gold stuff and silk (Milman, Hist. of Christianity, book 4, c. 1). Others, again, affected masculine apparel, and seemed to blush for their womanhood, cutting short their hair, and presenting faces like those of eunuchs (Jerome, Epist. 18). According to the same authority, the greater facilities possessed by ecclesiastics for gaining admission to female society was an inducement with some to become priests (ibid.). Elsewhere Jerome strongly dissuades the clergy from accustoming themselves to private interviews with those of the other sex (Epist. 52; Migne, 22:260).
The exaggerated importance attached by Jerome to the unwedded life, as one of superior sanctity, seems to have led him to dwell somewhat harshly on the weaknesses and worldliness of many of the wealthy matrons of his day, He represents them as given to excessive personal adornment, and bestowing much of their time on preparations for feasts and other household matters. When, however, we find him enumerating such obvious duties as “dispensatio domus, necessitates mariti, liberorum educatio, correctio servulorum,” as prejudicial to the higher interests of the soul, we perceive that his tone is that of one to whom the ascetic life alone appeared adequately Christian (De Perp. Virg. c. 20; Migne, 23:228). On the other hand, it is evident that the state of Roman society at this time rendered it exceptionally difficult for Christian women to carry the principles of their religion into daily practice. Of this Marcella’s retirement to her mansion in the suburbs, as described by the same father, is an indication. He depicts the very different future which her mother, Albina, had designed for her a splendid marriage and the possession of great wealth, while the daughter rarely issued from her seclusion save to visit the churches of the apostles and martyrs, especially those least frequented by the multitude (Epist. 96). The mistresses of large establishments, according to Jerome, were often exposed to exceptional temptations; and he states that young widows would sometimes consent to marry even pagan husbands, in order to avoid being plundered by dishonest stewards. and to escape the anxieties inseparable from the management of a large household, thus bringing home to their children by a former marriage, “not a guardian, but an enemy; not a parent, but a tyrant” (Epist. 54; Migne, 22:291). Among other indications of the confusion and demoralization characteristic of that and the following century must be included that laxity of Church discipline which permitted the performance of public religious rites to be sometimes intrusted to women. In the twenty-first canon of the collection ascribed to Gelasius this is spoken of as evidence of the “contempt” into which religion had fallen.
It is generally assumed, though on somewhat scanty and doubtful evidence, that at the period of the conversion of the Teutonic nations the regard for female chastity and the respect paid to the sex were greater among pagan communities than among the Latin races. But however this may have been, it is certain that the views inherited and handed down by the Western Church with regard to “the personal and propriety liberty of women” were greatly superior to those that find expression in any of the barbaric codes, Something of this feeling seems reflected in Jerome when (Epist. 130) he censures parents for their too common practice of leaving deformed or otherwise unmarriageable daughters inadequately provided for (Migne, 22:981). “The Church,” says sir Henry Maine, “conferred a great benefit on several generations by keeping alive the traditions of the Roman legislation respecting settled property,” and he points out that Christianity was really carrying on the tradition of the Roman dos. The formula of the marriage service, ” With all my worldly goods I thee endow,” is one, he says, “which sometimes puzzles the English lawyer from its want of correspondence with anything which he finds among the oldest English law” (Early Hist. of Institutions, page 337; see also De Broglie, L’Eglise et l’Empire, I, 2:273, and Eclaircissement D).
Fuente: Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature
Women
Enjoyed a status in Israel not assigned to them in the East now. Mahometanism especially has degraded women in Asia and Africa; anciently they had a liberty not now accorded them, veiling was not then required as now: e.g. Rebekah, Gen 24:64-65; Rachel, Gen 29:11; Sarah, Gen 12:14-19; Miriam led a band of women with triumphant song, Exo 15:20-21; so Jephthah’s daughter, Jdg 11:34; the maidens of Shiloh, Jdg 21:21; the women meeting Saul and David after victory; 1Sa 18:6-7; Hannah, 1Sa 2:1; Deborah, Judges 4 and Judges 5; Huldah, 2Ki 22:14; Noadiah, Neh 6:14; Anna, Luk 2:36.
The virtuous matron is admirably pictured Pro 31:10, etc. Polygamy transferred power from the wives to the queen mother (called therefore gebiraah “powerful”), 1Ki 2:19; 1Ki 15:13; separate establishments were kept for the wives collectively or individually, “the house of the women” (Est 2:3; Est 2:9; 1Ki 7:8); the wives had severally a separate tent (Gen 31:33); the women were present at table (Joh 2:3; Joh 12:2; Job 1:4).
Fuente: Fausset’s Bible Dictionary
WOMEN
The biblical account of the origins of the human race makes it clear that humankind, as existing in Gods image, consists of people of two sexes who are equal in status and worth in Gods sight (Gen 1:27). The male and the female, though of opposite sexes, are complementary to each other. As partners they form a unit (Gen 2:18; Gen 2:23). (For details relating to the role of women in marriage and the family see MARRIAGE; WIFE; FAMILY.)
Wrong attitudes corrected
Through the different physical, psychological and emotional characteristics he placed within the sexes, God equipped men and women for different roles in human society. He gave the ultimate responsibility for leadership to the man, but when sin entered the human race, the man misused his position to dominate the woman (Gen 3:16). As societies developed, men increasingly denied women their rights and exploited them.
Israelite law helped restore the status of women by giving them rights in matters such as marriage (Deu 22:13-21; cf. Gen 24:57-58), divorce (Deu 24:1-4), work (Deu 15:12) and inheritance (Num 27:8). Some women were prophets (Exo 15:20; Jdg 4:4; Luk 2:36) and some rose to prominent positions in the nations leadership (Num 12:4; Jdg 4:4-6; Jdg 5:7; 2Ki 22:14-16).
Both the words and the works of Jesus show that he treated women no differently from men. His openness with women was a surprise and a rebuke to those men who considered women inferior (Mat 15:21-28; Mar 5:25-34; Luk 7:36-50; Luk 10:38-42; Joh 4:7-27; Joh 8:1-11; Joh 11:5; Joh 11:20-33). A number of women, having become believers in Jesus, travelled with him and the apostles to help look after their everyday needs. During the events surrounding his trial and crucifixion, some of these women were more faithful to him than were the apostles (Luk 8:1-3; Mar 15:40-41; Mar 16:1-2).
Women in the church
Life in the early church demonstrated that there is no difference between men and women in their status as believers (Gal 3:28), their reception of the Holy Spirit (Act 2:17-18), or their possession of spiritual gifts (1Co 12:7; 1Co 12:12-14).
Women prayed and prophesied publicly (Act 1:14; Act 21:9), though the custom was that when they did so they covered their heads (1Co 11:5; 1Co 11:13; 1Co 11:16). This practice was apparently to maintain harmony with what local people considered to be culturally acceptable (1Co 11:6; 1Co 11:13). Paul saw in it a reflection of the womans role in Gods order for church and society (1Co 11:3; 1Co 11:7-9), though he did not see it as meaning that she was inferior to the man (1Co 11:11-12).
Paul was always concerned that public meetings of the church be orderly (1Co 14:40). Just as he expected the speaker in tongues to be silent when no interpreter was present (1Co 14:28), and the speaker of prophecy to be silent when another person received a revelation (1Co 14:29-30), so he expected the women to be silent when they were tempted to question the speaker (1Co 14:34-35).
Although Paul permitted women to prophesy (1Co 11:4; cf. Act 2:17; Act 21:9), he would not permit them to be the authoritative teachers or leaders of the church. He believed that, in general, they were more likely than men to be misled by false teaching (1Ti 2:12-14; cf. 2Ti 3:6-7). He considered that women should regard their first responsibility as bringing up their children to know and follow God (1Ti 2:15; 1Ti 5:14).
However, not all women have children. This indicates that Paul was not laying down a fixed law to be applied in all cases (cf. 1Co 7:34). Rather he was expressing what he considered to be a general principle. He himself acknowledged that at times a woman may have a more prominent teaching role than her husband (Act 18:2; Act 18:26; Rom 16:3-4; 2Ti 4:19). Many women worked with him and used their spiritual gifts in a variety of ministries (Act 16:13-15; Rom 16:7; Rom 16:12-15; Php 4:2-3). Women were recognized for their work in the churches (Rom 16:1-2; 1Ti 5:10) and served alongside men as deacons (1Ti 3:8; 1Ti 3:11). But there were times when women were just as guilty as men in leading people astray through false teaching (Rev 2:20).
Fuente: Bridgeway Bible Dictionary
Women
Creation of
Gen 1:27; Gen 2:21-22
Named
Gen 2:23
Fall of, and curse upon
Gen 3:1-16; 2Co 11:3; 1Ti 2:14
Promise to
Gen 3:15
Had separate apartments in dwellings
Gen 24:67; Gen 31:33; Est 2:9; Est 2:11
Veiled the face
– General references
Gen 24:65 Veil
Vows of
Num 30:3-16
When jealously charged with infidelity, guilt or innocence to be determined by trial
Num 5:12-31
Took part in ancient worship
Exo 15:20-21; Exo 38:8; 1Sa 2:22
Took part in choir
1Ch 25:5-6; Ezr 2:65; Neh 7:67
Worshiped in separate compartments
Exo 38:8; 1Sa 2:22
Consecrated jewels to tabernacle
Exo 35:22
Consecrated mirrors to tabernacle
Exo 38:8
Required to attend reading of the law
Deu 31:12; Jos 8:35
Purifications of:
– After menstruation
Lev 15:19-33; 2Sa 11:4
– After childbirth
Lev 12:1-8; Luk 2:22
Difference in ceremonies made between male and female children
Lev 12:1-8
Religious privileges of, among early Christians
Act 1:14; Act 12:12-13; 1Co 11:5; 1Co 14:34; 1Ti 2:11
Domestic duties of women:
– General references
Gen 18:6; Pro 31:15-19; Mat 24:41
– Cooked
Gen 18:6
– Spun
Exo 35:25-26; 1Sa 2:19; Pro 31:19-24
– Embroidered
Pro 31:22
– Made garments
Act 9:39
– Gleaned
Rth 2:8
– Kept vineyards
Son 1:6
– Tended flocks and herds
Gen 24:11; Gen 24:13-14; Gen 24:19-20; Gen 29:9; Exo 2:16
– Worked in fields
Isa 27:11; Eze 26:6; Eze 26:8
– Was doorkeeper
Mat 26:69; Joh 18:16-17; Act 12:13-14
Forbidden to wear men’s costume
Deu 22:5
Wore hair long
1Co 11:5-15
Rules for dress of Christian
1Ti 2:9-10; 1Pe 3:3-4
Ornaments of
Isa 3:16-23
Weaker than men
1Pe 3:7
Are timid
Isa 19:16; Jer 50:37; Jer 51:30; Nah 3:13
Are affectionate
2Sa 1:26
Are tender to her off-spring
Isa 49:15; Lam 4:10
Are mirthsome
Jdg 11:34; Jdg 21:21; Jer 31:13; Zec 9:17
Are courteous to strangers
Gen 24:17
Could not marry without consent of parents
Gen 24:3-4; Gen 34:6; Exo 22:17
Not to be given in marriage considered a calamity
Jdg 11:37; Psa 78:63; Isa 4:1
Taken captive
Num 31:9; Num 31:15; Num 31:17-18; Num 31:35; Lam 1:18; Eze 30:17-18
Punishment to be inflicted on men for seducing:
– When betrothed
Deu 22:23-27
– When not betrothed
Exo 22:16-17; Deu 22:28-29
Treated with cruelty in war
Deu 32:25; Lam 2:21; Lam 5:11
Virtuous, held in high estimation
Rth 3:11; Pro 31:10-30
Fond of self-indulgence
Isa 32:9-11
Fond of ornaments
Jer 2:32
Subtle and deceitful
Pro 6:24-29; Pro 6:32-35; Pro 7:6-27; Ecc 7:26
Silly, and easily led into error
2Ti 3:6
Zealous in promoting superstition and idolatry
Jer 7:18; Eze 13:17; Eze 13:23
Active in instigating to iniquity
Num 31:15-16; 1Ki 21:25; Neh 13:26
Guilty of sodomy
2Ki 23:7; Rom 1:26
As rulers:
– General references
Isa 3:12
– Deborah
Jdg 4:4
– Athaliah
2Ki 11:1-16; 2Ch 22:2-3; 2Ch 22:10-12
– Queen of Sheba
1Ki 10:1-13
– Candace
Act 8:27
– Persian queen sat on throne with the king
Neh 2:6
Patriotic:
– Patriotic:
Exo 15:20
– Deborah
Jud 1:5
– Women of Israel
1Sa 18:6
– Women of the Philistines
2Sa 1:20
Aid in defensive operations
Jdg 9:53
As poets:
– Miriam
Exo 15:21
– Deborah
Jud 1:5
– Hannah
1Sa 2:1-10
– Elizabeth
Luk 1:42-45
– Mary
Luk 1:46-55
As Prophets:
– Miriam
Exo 15:20-21; Mic 6:4
– Deborah
Jdg 4:4-5
– Huldah
2Ki 22:14-20; 2Ch 34:22-28
– Noadiah
Neh 6:14
– Anna
Luk 2:36-38
– Philip’s daughters
Act 21:9
False prophets
Eze 13:17-23
In business
Pro 31:14-18; Pro 31:24
Property rights of:
– In inheritance
Num 27:1-11; Num 36:1-13; Jos 17:3-6; Job 42:15
– To sell real estate
Rth 4:3-9
Sold for husband’s debts
Mat 18:25
First to sin
Gen 3:6
Last at the cross
Mat 27:55-56; Mar 15:40-41
First at the sepulcher
Mar 15:46-47; Mar 16:1-6; Luk 23:27-28; Luk 23:49; Luk 23:55-56; Luk 24:1-10
First to whom the risen Lord appeared
Mar 16:9; Joh 20:14-18
Converted by preaching of Paul
Act 16:14-15; Act 17:4; Act 17:12; Act 17:34
Social status of women:
– In Persia
Est 1:10-22; Dan 5:1-12
– In Roman customs
Act 24:24; Act 25:13; Act 25:23; Act 26:30
Unclassified scriptures relating to
Gen 2:18; Gen 2:21-24; Gen 3:16; Est 1:20-22; Pro 11:16; Pro 11:22; Pro 12:4; Pro 14:1; Pro 18:22; Pro 19:13-14; Pro 21:9; Pro 21:19; Pro 25:24; Pro 27:15-16; Pro 30:21-23; Pro 31:10-31; Ecc 7:26-28; Isa 3:16-24; Isa 32:9-12; Eze 13:17-23; 1Co 11:3-15; 1Co 14:34-35; 1Ti 2:9-15; 1Ti 3:11; 1Ti 5:1-16; 2Ti 3:6-7; Tit 2:3-5 Widow; Wife; Husband; Parents
Good women:
– Instances of:
b Deborah, a judge, prophetess, and military leader
Jud 1:4-5
b Mother of Samson
Jdg 13:23
b Naomi
Rth 1; Rth 3:1
b Ruth
Rth 1:4; Rth 1:14-22; Rth 2
b Hannah, the mother of Samuel
1Sa 1:9-18; 1Sa 1:24-28
b Widow of Zarephath, who fed Elijah during the famine
1Ki 17:8-24
b The Shunammite, who gave hospitality to Elisha
2Ki 4:8-38
b Vashti
Est 1:11-12
b Esther
Est 4:15-17
b Mary
Luk 1:26-38
b Elizabeth
Luk 1:6; Luk 1:41-45
b Anna
Luk 2:37
b The widow who cast her mite into the treasury
Mar 12:41-44; Luk 21:2-4
b Mary and Martha
Mar 14:3-9; Luk 10:42; Joh 11:5
b Mary Magdalene
Mar 16:1; Luk 8:2; Joh 20:1-2; Joh 20:11-16
b Pilate’s wife
Mat 27:19
b Dorcas
Act 9:36
b Lydia
Act 16:14
b Priscilla
Act 18:26
b Phebe
Rom 16:1-2
b Julia
Rom 16:15
b Mary
Rom 16:6
b Lois and Eunice
2Ti 1:5
b Philippians
Phi 4:3
– Figurative:
b Of the church of Christ
Psa 45:2-15; Gal 4:26; Rev 12:1
b Of saints
Mat 25:1-4; 2Co 11:2; Rev 14:4
Wicked women:
– General references
2Ki 9:30-37; 2Ki 23:7; Jer 44:15-19; Jer 44:25; Eze 8:14; Rom 1:26
– Zeal of, in licentious practices of idolatry
2Ki 23:7; Hos 4:13-14
– Guileful and licentious
Pro 2:16-19; Pro 5:3-20; Pro 6:24-29; Pro 6:32-35; Pro 7:6-27; Ecc 7:26; Eze 16:32
– Commits forgery
1Ki 21:8
– Silly and wayward
2Ti 3:6
– Instances of:
b Eve, in yielding to temptation and seducing her husband
Gen 3:6; 1Ti 2:14
b Sarah, in her jealousy and malice toward Hagar
Gen 21:9-11; Gen 21:12-21
b Lot’s wife, in her rebellion against her situation, and against the destruction of Sodom
Gen 19:26; Luk 17:32
b The daughters of Lot, in their incestuous lust
Gen 19:31-38
b Rebekah, in her partiality for Jacob, and her sharp practice to secure for him Isaac’s blessing
Gen 27:11-17
b Rachel:
b In her jealousy of Leah
Gen 30:1
b In stealing images
Gen 31:19; Gen 31:34
b Leah, in her imitation of Rachel in the matter of children
Gen 30:9-18
b Dinah, in her fornication
Gen 34:1-2
b Tamar, in her adultery
Gen 38:14-24
b Potiphar’s wife, in her lascivious lust and slander against Joseph
Gen 39:7-20
b Zipporah, in her persecution of Moses on account of his religious obligations
Exo 4:25-26
b Miriam, in her sedition with Aaron against Moses
Num 12
b Rahab, in her harlotry
Jos 2:1
b Delilah, in her conspiracy against Samson
Jud 16:4-20
b Peninnah, the wife of Elkanah, in her jealous taunting of Hannah
1Sa 1:4-8
b The Midianitish woman in the camp of Israel, taken in adultery
Num 25:6-8
b Michal, in her derision of David’s religious zeal
2Sa 6:16; 2Sa 6:20-23
b Bath-Sheba, in her adultery, in becoming the wife of her husband’s murderer
2Sa 11:4-5; 2Sa 11:27; 2Sa 12:9-10
b Solomon’s wives, in their idolatrous and wicked influence over Solomon
1Ki 11:1-11; Neh 13:26
b Jezebel:
b In her persecution and destruction of the prophets of the Lord
1Ki 18:4; 1Ki 18:13
b In her persecution of Elija
1Ki 19:2
b In her conspiracy against Naboth, to despoil him of his vineyard
1Ki 21:1-16
b In her evil counsels to, and influence over, Ahab
1Ki 21:17-27; 2Ki 9:30-37
b The cannibal mothers of Samaria
2Ki 6:28-29
b Athaliah, in destroying the royal household and usurping the throne
2Ki 11:1-16; 2Ch 22:10; 2Ch 22:12; 2Ch 23:12-15
b The Sodomites of Judah
2Ki 23:7
b Noadiah, a false prophetess, in troubling the Jews when they were restoring Jerusalem
Neh 6:14
b Haman’s wife, in counseling him to hang Mordecai
Est 5:14; Est 6:13
b Job’s wife, in counseling him to curse God
Job 2:9; Job 19:17
b The idolatrous wives of Hosea
Hos 1:2-3; Hos 3:1
b Herodias:
b In her incestuous marriage with Herod
Mat 14:3-4; Mar 6:17-19; Luk 3:19
b Compassing the death of John the Baptist
Mat 14:6-11; Mar 6:24-28
b The daughter of Herodias, in her complicity with her mother in securing the death of John the Baptist
Mat 14:8; Mar 6:18-28
b Sapphira, in her blasphemous falsehood
Act 5:2-10
b The woman taken in adultery and brought to Jesus in the temple
Joh 8:1-11
b Figurative:
b Of backsliding
Jer 6:2; Rev 17:4; Rev 17:18
b Of the wicked
Isa 32:9; Isa 32:11; Mat 25:1-13
b Symbolic of wickedness
Zec 5:7-8; Rev 17; Rev 19:2 Wife
Fuente: Nave’s Topical Bible
Women
Women. The position of women in the Hebrew commonwealth contrasts favorably with that which in the present day is assigned to them generally in eastern countries. The most salient point of contrast in the usages of ancient as compared with modern Oriental society was the large amount of liberty enjoyed by women. Instead of being immured in a harem, or appearing in public with the face covered, the wives and maidens of ancient times mingled freely and openly with the other sex in the duties and amenities of ordinary life.
Rebekah travelled on a camel with her face unveiled until she came into the presence of her affianced. Gen 24:64-65. Jacob saluted Rachel with a kiss in the presence of the shepherds. Gen 29:11. Women played no inconsiderable part in public celebrations. Exo 15:20-21; Jdg 11:34.
The odes of Deborah, Judges 5, and of Hannah, 1Sa 2:1; etc., exhibit a degree of intellectual cultivation which is, in itself, a proof of the position of the sex in that period.
Women also occasionally held public office, particularly that of prophetess or inspired teacher. Exo 15:20; Jdg 4:4; 2Ki 22:14; Neh 6:14; Luk 2:36.
The management of household affairs devolved mainly on the women. The value of a virtuous and active housewife forms a frequent topic in the book of Proverbs. Pro 11:16; Pro 12:4; Pro 14:1; Pro 31:10 etc. Her influence was, of course, proportionably great.
Fuente: Smith’s Bible Dictionary
WOMEN
(A) MISCELLANEOUS TOPICS relating to (Select Reading Prov. 31)
Pro 31:1-31
(1) Creation and Temptation of
Gen 1:27; Gen 2:22; Gen 3:1; Gen 3:6; Gen 3:13; 2Co 11:3; 1Ti 2:14
(2) Rights of
Num 27:1-8
(3) The Subjection of
Gen 3:16; 1Co 11:3; 1Co 14:34; Eph 5:22; 1Ti 2:11; 1Pe 3:1; 1Pe 3:5
(4) As Wives
Gen 2:18; Gen 2:24; Psa 128:3; Pro 12:4; Pro 18:22; Pro 19:14; Pro 31:11
(5) Examples of the Persistence of
— Delilah
Jdg 16:16
— The Shunammite
2Ki4:30
— The Syrophenician
Mar 7:26
— The Widow
Luk 18:5
–, Duties of. SEE Wives Duties, HOME
(B) WORK OF
(1) Manual Labour
Exo 35:25; Rth 2:7; 1Sa 8:13; Pro 31:13; Pro 31:24
(2) As Housekeepers
Gen 27:9; 1Sa 8:13; Pro 31:15; Luk 10:40
(3) Various Other fields of Activity
In Beautifying the tabernacle
Exo 35:25
— acting as judges
Jdg 4:4; Jdg 5:7
— motherly duties
1Sa 2:19; 2Ki 4:20
— meeting an emergency and saving her household
1Sa 25:18
— Philanthropy
Act 9:36
— serving the church
Rom 16:1; Rom 16:6; Phi 4:3
(C) WOMAN’S MINISTRY, special sympathetic service rendered
Hospitality to the Prophet
2Ki4:10
Kindness to the Poor
Pro 31:20
Contributing to Christ’s Comfort
Mat 27:55; Mat 27:56
Anointing Christ
Mar 14:3
Washing the Saviour’s Feet
Luk 7:37; Luk 7:38
Serving the Church
Rom 16:1; Rom 16:2
Co-Labourers with Paul
Rom 16:3; Rom 16:6; Rom 16:12; 1Ti 5:10
(D) PROPHETESSES, examples of
— Miriam
Exo 15:20
— Deborah
Jdg 4:4
— Huldah
2Ki22:14
— Noadiah
Neh 6:14
— Anna
Luk 2:36
— Daughters of Philip
Act 21:9
(E) CHURCH WORKERS, general references to
— Priscilla
Act 18:26; Rom 16:3
— Phebe
Rom 16:1; Rom 16:2
— others
Phi 4:3
— As Queens. SEE Athaliah, ATHALIAH
Esther, ESTHER
Jezebel, JEZEBEL
Queen of Sheba, SHEBA, QUEEN OF
(F) NOTABLE WOMEN, characteristics of
Eve, the woman of curiosity
Gen 3:6
Hagar, the discarded wife SEE Hagar, HAGAR
Gen 21:14-19
Miriam, the ambitious woman SEE Miriam, MIRIAM
Num 12:1; Num 12:2
Deborah, the patriotic woman SEE Deborah, DEBORAH
Jdg 4:4
Ruth, the woman of constancy SEE Ruth, ROSE
Rth 1:16
Hannah, the ideal mother SEE Hannah, HANNAH
1Sa 1:20; 1Sa 2:19
Abigail, the capable woman SEE Abigail, ABIGAIL
1Sa 25:3
The Shunammite, the hospitable woman
2Ki4:8-10
Esther, the self-sacrificing woman SEE Esther, ESTHER
Est 4:16
The Syrophenician, the woman of faith
Mat 15:28
Mary Magdalene, the transformed woman SEE Mary (b), MARY
Mar 16:1; Mar 16:9
Elisabeth, the humble woman SEE Elisabeth, ELISABETH
Luk 1:43
Mary, the woman chosen of God SEE Mary (a), MARY
Luk 1:30-38
Mary of Bethany, the woman immortalized by Christ
Mat 26:13; Luk 10:42
SEE Mary (c), MARY
Martha, the worried housekeeper SEE Martha, MARTHA
Luk 10:40
The Woman Evangelist
Joh 4:29
Dorcas, the benevolent seamstress SEE Dorcas, DORCAS
Act 9:36
Lydia, the business woman
Act 16:14; Act 16:15
(G) SOME SPECIAL DISTINCTIONS OF WOMEN
Last at the Cross
Mar 15:47
First at the tomb
Joh 20:1
First to proclaim the resurrection
Mat 28:8
First preacher to the Jews
Luk 2:37; Luk 2:38
Attended the first prayer-meeting
Act 1:14
First to greet Christian Missionaries (Paul and Silas) in Europe
Act 16:13
First European convert
Act 16:14
(H) SUFFERINGS OF
(1) Incident to Motherhood
Gen 3:16; Gen 35:16; Isa 13:8; Isa 42:14; Joh 16:21; 1Th 5:3
(2) As Widows
Rth 1:3; 1Ki 17:9; 2Ki 4:1; Mar 12:42; Luk 2:37; Luk 7:12; Luk 18:3
Act 6:1; Act 9:39
— in Maternal Solicitude. SEE Maternal Love, HOME
Solicitude, HOME
(I) CROWNING QUALITIES OF WOMANHOOD
(1) A Devotional Spirit
1Sa 1:15; 2Ki 22:14; Est 4:16; Luk 1:25; Luk 1:38; Luk 1:46; Luk 2:36; Luk 10:42
Act 16:14; Rom 16:1; Rom 16:12
(2) Modesty
Gen 24:65; Est 1:11; Est 1:12; 1Ti 2:9; 1Ti 2:10; 1Pe 3:1; 1Pe 3:2
(3) Liberality
Exo 35:25; Pro 31:20; Luk 8:2; Luk 8:3; Luk 21:2-4; Joh 12:3; Act 9:39
(4) Wisdom and Virtue
Pro 11:16; Pro 12:4; Pro 14:1; Pro 31:10; Pro 31:30
–, For Love of, See HOME
–, Sympathy of, See WOMEN
(J) EVIL WOMEN
(1) General References to
Jdg 16:14; 1Ki 18:4; 1Ki 19:2; 2Ki 11:1; 2Ch 15:16; Neh 13:26
Est 5:14; Job 2:9; Pro 22:14; Mat 14:6
–SEE Harlots, WOMEN
& WOMEN
(2) Stir up Strife
Pro 19:13; Pro 21:9; Pro 25:24; Pro 27:15
(K) TEMPTRESSES, examples of women who have enticed men to sin
Eve
Gen 3:6
Delilah
Jdg 16:6
Jezebel
1Ki 21:7; 1Ki 21:25
Zeresh
Est 5:14
Job’s Wife
Job 2:9; Job 2:10
“Strange Women”
Pro 5:3-5; Eze 13:18; Eze 13:19
Herodias and Salome
Mar 6:22
(L) HARLOTS
(1) General References to
Gen 34:31; Lev 19:29; Lev 21:14; Deu 23:18; 1Ki 3:16
–SEE Lasciviousness, IMPURITY
(2) Warnings against
Pro 2:18; Pro 5:3; Pro 6:24; Pro 7:10; Pro 29:3; Hos 4:14; Luk 15:30; 1Co 6:16