Exegetical and Hermeneutical Commentary of 1 Chronicles 29:22
And did eat and drink before the LORD on that day with great gladness. And they made Solomon the son of David king the second time, and anointed [him] unto the LORD [to be] the chief governor, and Zadok [to be] priest.
22. the second time ] Cp. 1Ch 23:1. The first time is described in 1Ki 1:39 (Solomon hastily anointed in order to assert his claim to the throne against his brother Adonijah).
to be the chief governor ] R.V. to be prince. Cp. 1Ch 5:2, note.
Zadok ] One of Solomon’s earliest acts seems to have been to put an end to the double priesthood by deposing Abiathar; cp. 1Ki 2:27; 1Ki 2:35. The Chronicler seems to have this in mind, but he avoids narrating anything so derogatory to the highpriesthood.
Fuente: The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges
King the second time – Solomons first appointment was at the time of Adonijahs rebellion (marginal reference). As that appointment was hurried and, comparatively speaking, private, David now thought it best formally to invest Solomon a second time with the sovereignty, in the face of all Israel. For a similar reason a second and public appointment of Zadok alone to the high priests office took place. Abiathar was not as yet absolutely thrust out; but it may be doubtful whether he was ever allowed to perform high priestly functions after his rebellion 1Ki 1:7; 1Ki 2:27.
Fuente: Albert Barnes’ Notes on the Bible
Verse 22. They made Solomon – king the second time] The first time of his being anointed and proclaimed king was when his brother Adonijah affected the throne; and Zadok, Nathan, and Benaiah anointed and proclaimed him in a hurry, and without pomp. See 1Kg 1:39. Now that all is quiet, and David his father dead, (for he was probably so at the time of the second anointing,) they anointed and proclaimed him afresh, with due ceremonies, sacrifices, c.
To be the chief governor] To be the vicegerent or deputy of Jehovah for God never gave up his right of king in Israel; those called kings were only his lieutenants: hence it is said, 1Ch 29:23, “that Solomon sat on the throne of the Lord as king instead of David his father.”
Fuente: Adam Clarke’s Commentary and Critical Notes on the Bible
Before the Lord, i.e. before the ark, in courts or places as near to it as they conveniently could. Or, as in Gods presence, in a solemn and religious manner, praising God for this great mercy, and begging his blessing upon this great affair.
The second time. This is called the second time in reference to the first time, which was either,
1. When he was made king during Adonijahs conspiracy, of which see 1Ki 1:34, &c. And so this was done after Davids death, and not upon that day, when this feasting and solemnity lasted, as the words at first view seem to insinuate, this being related in the same verse, and immediately after the relation of the feast. But there are examples of things done at distant times put together in one verse, as Act 7:15, So Jacob went down into Egypt, and died, he, and our fathers, i.e. first he, and afterwards our fathers. So here, They did eat on that day with great gladness, and afterward they made Solomon king the second time. And this opinion seems to be confirmed by the following passages, in which it is related, that at this same time they anointed Zadok to be priest and that Solomon was king instead of David, and that all Israel, and all Davids sons, submitted to him; all which was not done till after Davids death, as may be gathered by comparing this with 1Ki 1; 1Ki 2. Or,
2. In 1Ch 23:1, where it is said that David made Solomon his son king over Israel, i.e. he declared him his successor. And so this second time was during Davids life. And what David had more privately declared, 1Ch 23, he now more solemnly owns in this great and general assembly, in which, by Davids order, and the consent of all that assembly, Solomon was anointed king, i.e. to be king after his fathers death. And this opinion the text seems most to favour. For it is said, And they made Solomon king, &c.: they; who? That must be fetched out of the foregoing words and verses, they who did eat and drink before the Lord on that day with great gladness, as it is here said; and then immediately it follows, and that with a copulative conjunction,
and they made Solomon king, & c., which without violence cannot be pulled away from the foregoing words. And therefore they must be David and
all the congregation, who were then present, 1Ch 29:20, of whom it is said, they sacrificed, &c., 1Ch 29:21, and they did eat, &c., and they made Solomon, &c. The great objection against this opinion is, that they anointed Zadok to be priest at this time, which was not done till after Davids death; for till then Abiathar was not thrust out from being priest, &c., 1Ki 2:26,27. This indeed is a difficulty, but not insoluble. It must be remembered that the high priest had his vicegerent who might officiate in his stead, when he was hindered by sickness or other indispensable occasion; and that there seems to be something more than ordinary in Zadoks case; for although Abiathar was properly the high priest, yet Zadok seems after a sort to be joined in commission with him, as we see 2Sa 15:29; 19:11; and it is expressly said, Zadok and Abiathar were priests, 2Sa 20:25; 1Ki 4:4. And it may be further considered, that this anointing of Zadok might be occasioned by some miscarriage of Abiathar not recorded in Scripture. Possibly he was unsatisfied with this design of translating the crown to Solomon, and did now secretly favour Adonijahs person and right, which afterward he did more openly defend; which being known to David by information, might induce him and the princes who favoured Solomon to take this course; which they might the more willingly do, in consideration of that Divine threatening, 1Sa 2:31, &c., of translating the priesthood from Ithamars and Elis house, of which Abiathar was, to Eleazars line, to which it had been promised to perpetuity, Num 25:13, of which line Zadok was. And they might judge this a fit season, or might be directed by God at this time, to execute that threatening to the one, and promise to the other family. And yet this action of theirs in anointing Zadok did not, as I suppose, actually constitute him high priest, but only settled the reversion of it upon him and his line after Abiathars death. Even as Davids making Solomon king, 1Ch 23:1, and their anointing
Solomon to be the chief governor here, did not put him into actual possession of the kingdom, but only gave him a right to it in reversion after the present kings death, as Samuels anointing of David, 1Sa 16, had done to David before him. Hence, notwithstanding this anointing, Abiathar continued to exercise his office till Solomon thrust him out, 1Ki 2:27; and even after he was removed from the execution of his office, yet he was reputed the priest till he died, being so called 1Ki 4:4. And this I hope may in some sort resolve that difficulty. For the other arguments, they seem not considerable. For as for what follows, 1Ch 29:23-25. Then Solomon sat on the throne, &c., that indeed seems to belong to the time after Davids death, being sufficiently separated from 1Ch 29:22, and not so knit to the foregoing words as those words, and they made Solomon king, &c., are. And for the particle then, that is confessed by all to be often used at large and indefinitely for about, or after that time. To be the chief governor, i.e. to be king after Davids death. Zadok to be priest; of which the last note but one.
Fuente: English Annotations on the Holy Bible by Matthew Poole
22. before the Lordeither inthe immediate vicinity of the ark, or, perhaps, rather in a religiousand devout spirit, as partaking of a sacrificial meal.
made Solomon . . . king thesecond timein reference to the first time, which was doneprecipitately on Adonijah’s conspiracy (1Ki1:35).
they . . . anointed . . .ZadokThe statement implies that his appointment met thepopular approval. His elevation as sole high priest was on thedisgrace of Abiathar, one of Adonijah’s accomplices.
Fuente: Jamieson, Fausset and Brown’s Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible
And they did eat and drink before the Lord on that day with great gladness,…. Before the ark of the Lord, which was in the tabernacle David had pitched for it:
and they made Solomon the son of David king the second time; the first was upon Adonijah’s rebellion, and was done in the presence only of the inhabitants of Jerusalem; but this was done by and in the presence of all the great personages in the land:
and anointed him unto the Lord to be the chief governor; under his father during his lifetime, and then to reign in his own right:
and Zadok to be priest; high priest; which office yet he did not exercise till after the death of David, when Abiathar was thrust out by Solomon.
Fuente: John Gill’s Exposition of the Entire Bible
see note on: 1Ki 1:32
Fuente: Garner-Howes Baptist Commentary
(22) And did eat and drink.And they ate and drank. (Comp. the account of the feasting at Davids coronation, 1Ch. 12:39-40.)
And they made Solomon the son of David king the second time.The first time is briefly noticed in 1Ch. 23:1. (Comp. the full account, 1Ki. 1:32-40.)
And anointed him unto the Lord to be the chief governor.And anointed (him; perhaps the suffix has fallen out) for Jehovah as prince (ngd, 1Ch. 27:16; 1Ki. 1:35).
Anointed.Jdg. 9:15; 2Sa. 2:4. The expression for Jehovah seems to mean, according to His will. (Comp. 1Ch. 28:5.) Or perhaps we should render, anointed him as prince, and Zadoh as priest, to Jehovah. The king was Jehovahs vicegerent, as Zadok was His priest. The theocratic nature of the Israelite monarchy is again insisted upon. (Comp. 1Ch. 17:14; 1Ch. 28:5.)
And Zadok to be priest.A remarkable notice, peculiar to the Chronicles. Among other things, it vividly illustrates the almost sovereign dignity of the high priests office; it also explains the deposition of Abiathar (comp. 1Ki. 1:32; 1Ki. 2:26) as having been already contemplated by David.
Fuente: Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers (Old and New Testaments)
22. They made Solomon king the second time His first enthronement was hurried because of Adonijah’s attempt to usurp the kingdom. See the account in 1Ki 1:5-49.
And Zadok to be priest Abiathar had been found in conspiracy with Adonijah, (1Ki 1:7,) and was afterward deposed by Solomon. 1Ki 2:26. Thereupon Zadok became sole high priest, (1Ki 2:35,) and it was proper for this great assembly publicly to appoint him to his high office. This assembly was held before Solomon deposed and banished Abiathar, so that we should regard Solomon’s action in the case, as narrated in 1Ki 2:26-27, as the carrying out of the will of the assembly.
Fuente: Whedon’s Commentary on the Old and New Testaments
1Ch 29:22. Anointed him unto the Lord, to be the chief governor And anointed him chief governor for the Lord: 1:e. the governor whom the Lord had chosen to command his people: for the theocracy still continued, and the kings only reigned in the name and under the authority of God, the supreme lord and ruler of Israel. See Houbigant.
Fuente: Commentary on the Holy Bible by Thomas Coke
1Ch 29:22 And did eat and drink before the LORD on that day with great gladness. And they made Solomon the son of David king the second time, and anointed [him] unto the LORD [to be] the chief governor, and Zadok [to be] priest.
Ver. 22. And did eat and drink before the Lord. ] So should we in all our feasts and merry meetings: to feed without fear is a foul fault.
With great gladness.
And they made Solomon king the second time.] For the first time 1Ki 1:38-39 it was done hastily, suddenly, and in a manner tumultuarily, by reason of Adonijah’s sedition; but this here was done with good respite and great solemnity, but whether before or after David’s death is questionable.
And Zadok to be priest.
Fuente: John Trapp’s Complete Commentary (Old and New Testaments)
– did eat = they did eat.
-22 the second time. The first is recorded in 1Ch 23:1 and 1Ki 1:39.
Zadok. Solomon completed this act of David by removing Abiathar after David’s death (1Ki 2:27)
Fuente: Companion Bible Notes, Appendices and Graphics
1Ch 29:22-25
1Ch 29:22-25
SOLOMON MADE KING THE SECOND TIME
“And they made Solomon the son of David king the second time, and anointed him unto Jehovah to be prince, and Zadok to be priest. Then Solomon sat on the throne of Jehovah as king instead of David his father, and prospered; and all Israel obeyed him. And all the princes, and the mighty men, and all the sons likewise of king David, submitted themselves unto Solomon. And Jehovah magnified Solomon exceedingly in the sight of all Israel, and bestowed upon him much royal majesty as had not been on any king before him in Israel.”
“Solomon sat on the throne of Jehovah” (1Ch 29:23). The Chronicler here spoke of Solomon in the terms of the popular acclaim that greeted this second coronation. Solomon was already king and had been co-regent with his father David a number of years preceding this second crowning. It cannot be accepted as a literal fact that the wicked Solomon actually “sat on the throne of Jehovah.”
E.M. Zerr:
1Ch 29:22. Eat and drink before the Lord signifies that it was one of the religious feasts that the Jews were permitted to have. (Deu 12:21; 1Sa 9:12.) Made David king the second time. They had a second public formality or recognition of him as king. The principle involved would apply in general for persons of authority. The popular song “Coronation” has been criticized by some because it speaks of crowning Christ as king, whereas he has been already crowned. The objection ignores the figurative use of the term. Actually and literally, a man is made king but once, but every time a subject acknowledges the king, he may be said to have crowned him. That is the sense in which the people made David king in this instance.
1Ch 29:23-25. We must remember that the books of Chronicles are brief and do not claim to give all the details. Because of the character of said documents we will not find them always chronological. This paragraph is out of line as to date, for David was yet king. It is in line as to the thought. One of the outstanding items of David’s prayer and request was that the people would respect his son who was to reign after him. (1Ch 28:1-8.) The inspired writer goes into the future far enough to tell us of the answer to the prayer for Solomon, then drops back to the proper date to finish the account of David. The direct history of Solomon will come in next book.
Fuente: Old and New Testaments Restoration Commentary
eat and drink: Exo 24:11, Deu 12:7, Deu 12:11, Deu 12:12, Deu 16:14-17, 2Ch 7:10, Neh 8:12, Ecc 2:24, Ecc 3:12, Ecc 3:13, Ecc 8:15, Ecc 9:7, 1Ti 6:17, 1Ti 6:18
the second time: 1Ch 23:1
and anointed: 1Ki 1:31, 1Ki 1:34-39
Zadok: 1Ki 2:35
Reciprocal: Exo 18:12 – Aaron 1Sa 2:35 – I will raise 1Ki 1:39 – anointed Neh 8:17 – there was Neh 12:43 – offered Eze 46:10 – General Zec 7:6 – did not ye eat for Phi 3:1 – rejoice
Fuente: The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge
1Ch 29:22. And did eat and drink before the Lord Before the ark, in the courts or places as near to it as they conveniently could: or, as in Gods presence, in a solemn and religious manner, praising God for this great mercy, and entreating his blessing on this great affair. They made Solomon king the second time The first time was, when he was made king during Adonijahs conspiracy, (1Ki 1:34,) on which occasion it was done in great haste, and in the presence of only a few of Davids servants; but now in the presence of all the great men of Israel, the princes of the tribes, the captains of thousands and hundreds. And anointed him to be the chief governor After the death of David. Perhaps, however, David now resigned the government of the kingdom to him, as he knew he had not long to live. And Zadok to be priest It must be remembered that the high-priest had his vicegerent who might officiate in his stead. So that this action of theirs, the anointing Zadok, did not actually constitute him high- priest, but only settled the reversion of it upon him and his line after Abiathars death; even as Davids making Solomon king, and their anointing Solomon to be the chief governor here, did not put him into actual possession of the kingdom, but only gave him a right to it after the present kings death: hence, notwithstanding this anointing, Abiathar continued to exercise his office till Solomon thrust him out, 1Ki 2:27.