Exegetical and Hermeneutical Commentary of 2 Chronicles 12:2
And it came to pass, [that] in the fifth year of king Rehoboam Shishak king of Egypt came up against Jerusalem, because they had transgressed against the LORD,
2. Shishak ] The Egyptian king has commemorated this expedition in a pictorial inscription on the wall of the temple of Karnak. It appears that the Northern kingdom suffered as well as the Southern, but no permanent conquest of Canaan was attempted. (Maspero, Histoire Ancienne, ed. v. pp. 360, 1.)
because they had trespassed ] A touch characteristic of the Chronicler; cp. 2Ch 13:18 ; 2Ch 21:10; 2Ch 24:24; 2Ch 25:20 ; 2Ch 27:6; 2Ch 28:19; and 1Ch 10:13-14. The Chronicler sees the working of temporal rewards and of temporal punishments everywhere.
Fuente: The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges
Shishak … came up … because they had transgressed – The writer speaks from a divine, not a human, point of view. Shishaks motive in coming up was to help Jeroboam, and to extend his own influence.
Fuente: Albert Barnes’ Notes on the Bible
Verse 2. Shishak king of Egypt] Concerning this man, and the motive which led him to attack the Jews, see the note on 1Kg 14:31.
Transgressed against the Lord] “Against the WORD of the Lord.” – Targum.
Fuente: Adam Clarke’s Commentary and Critical Notes on the Bible
In the fifth year; presently after the apostacy of the king and people, which was in his fourth year, by comparing this with 2Ch 11:17.
Fuente: English Annotations on the Holy Bible by Matthew Poole
2. Shishak king of Egypt came upagainst JerusalemHe was the first king of the twenty-second orBubastic Dynasty. What was the immediate cause of this invasion?Whether it was in resentment for some provocation from the king ofJudah, or in pursuance of ambitious views of conquest, is not said.But the invading army was a vast horde, for Shishak brought alongwith his native Egyptians an immense number of foreign auxiliaries.
Fuente: Jamieson, Fausset and Brown’s Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible
And it came to pass in the fifth year of Rehoboam,…. In the fourth year, the apostasy of him and his people began; and, in the year following, what is next related happened, as a punishment of it:
Shishak king of Egypt came up against Jerusalem; of whom see
1Ki 11:40,
because they transgressed against the Lord; transgressed the law of the Lord by falling into idolatry and other abominable evils; the Targum is,
“against the Word of the Lord.”
Fuente: John Gill’s Exposition of the Entire Bible
In punishment of this defection ( , because they had acted faithlessly to Jahve), Shishak, the king of Egypt, marched with a great host against Jerusalem. This hostile invasion is also briefly narrated in 1Ki 14:25-28. Shishak (Sisak) is, as we have remarked on 1 Kings 14, Sesonchis or Sechonchosis, the first king of the 22nd dynasty, who has celebrated his victory in a relief at Karnak. In this sculpture the names of the cities captured are recorded on shields, and a considerable number have been deciphered with some certainty, and by them our account is completely confirmed. According to 2Ch 12:3, Shishak’s host consisted of 1200 chariots, 60,000 horsemen-numbers which, of course, are founded only upon a rough estimate-and an innumerable multitude of footmen, among whom were , Libyans, probably the Libyaegyptii of the ancients (see on Gen 10:13); , according to the lxx and Vulg. Troglodytes, probably the Ethiopian Troglodytes, who dwelt in the mountains on the west coast of the Arabian Gulf; and Cushites, i.e., Ethiopians. The Libyans and Cushites are mentioned in Nah 3:9 also as auxiliaries of the Egyptians.
Fuente: Keil & Delitzsch Commentary on the Old Testament
See note on 1Ki 14:25
Fuente: Garner-Howes Baptist Commentary
(2) And it came to pass.See 1Ki. 14:25, with which this verse literally coincides, except that the last clause, because they had transgressed, is added by the chronicler.
In the fifth year of king Rehoboam.The order of events is thus given: For three years Rehoboam and his people continued faithful to the Lord (2Ch. 11:17); in the fourth year they fell away; and in the fifth their apostacy was punished.
Shishak.The Sesonchis of Manetho, and the sh-sh-nk of the hieroglyphs, was the first king of the 22nd dynasty. His name, says Ebers, and those of his successors, Osorkon (Zerah) and Takelot, are Semitic, a fact which explains the Biblical notice that Solomon took a princess of this dynasty for his consort, and stood in close commercial relations with Egypt, as well as, on the other hand, that Hadad the Edomite received the sister of Tahpenes the queen to wife (1Ki. 11:19). In the year 949 B.C. Shishak, at the instigation of Jeroboam, took the field against Rehoboam, besieged Jerusalem, captured it, and carried off a rich booty to Thebes. On a southern wall of the Temple of Karnak, all Palestinian towns which the Egyptians took in this expedition are enumerated (Riehms Handwort. Bibl. Alterth., p. 333).
Because they had transgressed.For they had been faithless to Jehovah. This is the chroniclers own parenthetic explanation of the event, and expresses in one word his whole philosophy of Israelite history. Of course it is not meant that Shishak had any consciousness of the providential ground of his invasion of Judah.
Fuente: Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers (Old and New Testaments)
How gracious is the Lord in raising up instruments of correction!
Fuente: Hawker’s Poor Man’s Commentary (Old and New Testaments)
2Ch 12:2 And it came to pass, [that] in the fifth year of king Rehoboam Shishak king of Egypt came up against Jerusalem, because they had transgressed against the LORD,
Ver. 2. In the fifth year of Rehoboam. ] In his fourth year they fell from God’s service to idolatry, and did evil as they could. Had they taken away the idol temple set up by Solomon – as Zisca in Bohemia, and Cromwell here, did the monasteries, they had not likely so soon and so much corrupted themselves. But herein also Manasseh was to blame; and Constantine the Great, in that he only shut up the idol temples, and destroyed them not, which Julian the apostate did soon after set open again.
Shishak king of Egypt.
Came up against Jerusalem,
Because they had transgressed against the Lord.
Fuente: John Trapp’s Complete Commentary (Old and New Testaments)
fifth year. If the 390 years of Eze 4:5 date back from the 5th year of Jehoiakin’s captivity, they end 874, the close of Shishak’s invasion.
Shisliak. There is an inscription by Shishak on the outside of the south wall of the temple of Ammon at Karnac, in which he names the “king of Judah”, and gives a list of 120 fortified cities he took.
against Jerusalem. See App-53.
transgressed. Hebrew. ma’al.
Fuente: Companion Bible Notes, Appendices and Graphics
am 3034, bc 970
Shishak: 1Ki 11:40, 1Ki 14:24-26
because: 2Ch 7:19, 2Ch 7:20, 2Ch 36:14-19, Jdg 2:13-15, 1Ch 28:9, Neh 9:26, Neh 9:27, Psa 106:43, Psa 106:44, Isa 63:10, Jer 2:19, Jer 44:22, Jer 44:23, Lam 5:15
Reciprocal: 1Ki 14:25 – Shishak 2Ki 7:6 – the kings of the Egyptians 2Ch 6:28 – their enemies 2Ch 12:5 – Ye have forsaken me 2Ch 14:9 – Zerah 2Ch 34:25 – Because Psa 89:40 – brought Isa 18:2 – to a people
Fuente: The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge
2Ch 12:2. In the fifth year Shishak came up against Jerusalem Presently after the apostacy of the king and people, which was in the fourth year. As this great calamity came upon them so soon after they began to desert the worship of God, and by a hand they had so little reason to suspect, having had a great deal of friendly correspondence with Egypt in the last reign; and as it came with so much violence, that all the fenced cities of Judah, which Rehoboam had lately fortified and garrisoned, and on which he relied much for the safety of his kingdom, fell into the hands of the enemy without making any resistance, it plainly appeared that the Lord had sent it, because they had transgressed against him. And doubtless God brought this unexpected trouble upon them so soon after their departure from him, not only to manifest his displeasure at, and to punish them for, their crime, but also and especially to recover them to repentance before their hearts were hardened.