Exegetical and Hermeneutical Commentary of Psalms 68:31
Princes shall come out of Egypt; Ethiopia shall soon stretch out her hands unto God.
31. Princes ] Or, magnates. LXX , ambassadors. The word occurs here only, and is of doubtful meaning.
shall soon stretch out &c.] R.V., shall haste to stretch out her hands unto God, either in token of submission (cp. Lat. dare manus); or in supplication (cp. Isa 45:14); or with gifts of homage (Psa 72:10; Isa 18:7). Egypt and Ethiopia are often coupled together, and they are mentioned here as examples of the nations which come to pay homage, the one as the typical ancient enemy of Israel (cp. Isa 19:19 ff.), the other as a remote nation of noble appearance and formidable reputation (Isa 18:1; Isa 18:7). Cp. Isa 45:14. Their submission signifies that the most inveterate foes of God and His people, and the most remote and the noblest of the peoples of the world, acknowledge His supremacy. Morians in P.B.V. means ‘Moors,’ ‘blackamoors,’ the Heb. Cush being taken as a general term for ‘Africans.’
Fuente: The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges
Princes shall come out of Egypt – That is, Shall come and acknowledge the true God. Egypt is referred to here as one of the most prominent of the foreign nations then known; and the idea is, that the distinguished men of foreign nations – the rulers and princes of the world – would come and submit themselves to God, and be united to his people. The word rendered princes here – chashmaniym – occurs nowhere else in the Scriptures. It means, according to Gesenius (Lexicon), the fat; then, the rich; the opulent; nobles. It is the word from which the name Hasmonean (or Asmonean), which was given by the Jews to the Maccabees, or Jewish princes in the time of the Jewish history between the Old and New Testaments, is supposed to have been derived. The Septuagint, the Vulgate, and the Syriac, render it legates or ambassadors. Luther renders it princes. The reference is undoubtedly to men of station or rank.
Ethiopia – Hebrew, Cush. On the meaning of this word in the Scriptures, see the notes at Isa 11:11.
Shall soon stretch out her hands – literally, Shall make its hands to run. The expression denotes the eagerness or haste with which it would be done. The act is an act of supplication, and the reference is to prayer.
Unto God – To the true God. The nation will supplicate the mercy of God, or will worship him. The idea, in accordance with that in the previous verses, is, that the country here referred to would become subject to the true God. It is a view of the future; of the time when the nations would be converted to the true faith, or would acknowledge the true God. Whether this refers to the Cush in Arabia, or to the Cush in Africa (Ethiopia as commonly understood), it is a description of what will yet occur, for all these lands, and all other lands, will be converted to the true religion, and will stretch out their hands in supplication and prayer, and will find acceptance with God. Even Africa – wronged, degraded, oppressed, injured Africa – will do it; and the worship of her children will be as acceptable to the Universal Father as that of any other of the races of mankind that dwell on the earth.
Fuente: Albert Barnes’ Notes on the Bible
Psa 68:31
Ethiopia shall soon stretch out her hands unto God.
Ethiopias appeal
Ethiopia is a woman who, after the manner of the poets, represents the whole race of the Ethiopians, just as Britannia, in our songs, represents all the Britons. By Ethiopia the Jews usually meant the country next to Egypt, Ethiopia proper, the cradle of the African race. Even to this day the Africans bury their dead with their faces towards the north-east, their first home. Fix now your pitying eye upon Ethiopia. She is–
I. Helpless. Hands outstretched are signals of distress, which the weak always use. The other year hundreds were burnt or suffocated in a church at Santiago, and all the dead were found standing with hands outstretched. The veil has just been lifted from the Dark Continent, and lo! there stands before us a woman with the slave-stick around her neck. And like a child in fear, like a weakling imploring help, her hands are heavenwards. Let Livingstone and other African travellers tell the horrors of the slave trade. Africa is dark indeed, and as such is full of the habitations of cruelty. It has been for two thousand years the slave-hunting ground of the world. And white men have had a great share in it. Bleeding Ethiopia, helpless before the cruelty of man, feels equally helpless in presence of the unseen. Through fear they are all their lifetime subject to bondage. To their fear of wild beasts and wilder men is added their great fear of evil spirits. For the Africans are religious in their own poor way; but their whole religion is a weary effort to ward off the spirits of the departed, who, as they think, are full of vengeance, and able to haunt and destroy them. They believe the air to be filled with millions of spirits, all cruel and bent on mischief. Hence they give themselves up to devil-worship. Then their idols are fearful to look upon, and their religion is only a religion of fear. How touching to read of their longings, their lonely helplessness, their dread of the strange land beyond the dark mountains. The boldest hunter when dying will cry for his mother, though she has been dead for many years. He knows no one else who would be minded to help him in the dark valley. One who knew them well says, There is nothing more heartrending than their death-wails. When they turn their eyes to the future world, they have a view cheerless enough of their own utter helplessness and hopelessness. Their thoughts often wander through the future. Do people die with you? two young cannibals asked Livingstone. Have you no charm against death? He spoke to them of the Great Father who hears the cry of His children: and they thought this to be natural. But–
II. Ethiopia is seeking help. The salt mines in Austria lately illustrated this subject to me. The abundance of salt God has stored there is beyond belief. The miners dig a narrow drain into the rock and let in fresh water. The water sucks the salt out of the rock, which then falls in, and soon the whole rock is melted down. Commerce and exploration are digging their channels through the rocky barriers of heathendom, and letting in civilized ideas, which are quietly penetrating and melting down every heathen system, and creating a vacancy which we should fill with the blessed Gospel. We talk of an open door among the heathen; in many places it is all door together. Even heathens are advertising for a better religion than their own. Hardly one educated young Indian has now any heart-faith in Hinduism. Mrs. Brassey advises all who wish to see Japan to go at once, else they will never see it, ms European customs are spreading everywhere.
III. Ethiopia is hopeful. Our text prophesies that she shall soon stretch out her hands unto God, soon after the Gospel is brought to her, in the morning of the day of her opportunity. No spiritual sluggard, she shall early and eagerly make her hands run unto God, as the word means. Her hands, turned from idols, shall be opened to receive Gods gifts, or, as some believe, shall be filled with offerings of homage and service. When he came here there were no Christians; when he went away there were no heathen–these words describe the life-work of a missionary who was only twenty-four years on the island of Ancityum. Some say our text means that Ethiopias hands will be filled with splendid offerings of gratitude to God. We may expect this. Robert Moffat, famishing and wearied, was once ordered not to enter a heathen village. Under shadow of night a woman brought him a bundle of wood, a bowl of milk, and a leg of mutton, kindled a fire and cooked the meat in silence. As he pressed her to tell the reason of her kindness, the tears stole down her sable cheek as she said, I love Him whose servant you are, and surely it is my duty to give you a cup of cold water in His name. My heart is full, and therefore I cannot speak the joy I feel to see you in this out-of-the-way place. All was explained by a New Testament which she drew from her bosom, and showed to the delighted missionary. Let your heart go out to Ethiopia, and let your helping hands meet her outstretched hands. Cherish a generous grief over Ethiopias woes, and believe that God calls you to help the weak He has taught you to pity. Have a full faith in the promise, apparently never so near fulfilment as now, Ethiopia shall soon stretch out her hands unto God. (James Wells, M. A.)
The heathen brought to the saving knowledge of God
I. The present mournful condition of the heathen world without God.
1. Enveloped in gross darkness.
2. Groping in vain and painfully to find happiness.
3. In a state of rebellion against God.
4. Hopeless and helpless in their state of darkness.
II. The glorious prospect which these words hold out of their conversion to God.
1. The Word of God shall yet be sent, and the Gospel shall be preached unto them.
2. The power of the Holy Spirit accompanying the Word will render it effectual for their salvation.
3. The ultimate success of the Gospel among the heathen is most certain.
4. The present time affords great encouragement to earnest, energetic and prayerful efforts for the salvation of the heathen. (John Ritchie.)
The missionary call
1. We appeal to you to scorn any man who is fattening upon the vices of weaker nations. Scorn any man who is amassing wealth, by importing guns and ammunition, or fire-water, into these poor, degraded nations of the world.
2. We ask you to consecrate the great wealth of this great city–which comes from all quarters of the earth–we ask you to consecrate some of this wealth in giving back to these various quarters of the world the Gospel which we rejoice in here.
3. We ask you to give some of your sons and some of your daughters to carry this Gospel of the Lord Jesus Christ. If there is a grand opening in a mercantile house at Zanzibar, you immediately find numbers taking advantage of it. If there is an opening for a young man on the river Niger, many are willing to go. We ask that there shall be the same readiness to take hold of opportunities in the mission field that there is now to take hold of openings in mercantile enterprise. And so we shall joy to see the kingdom of our blessed Lord and Master extended throughout the world. The last of the triumphs shall be this, when these heathen nations have bowed the knee to Jesus. (E. A. Stuart, M. A.)
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Psa 69:1-36
Fuente: Biblical Illustrator Edited by Joseph S. Exell
Verse 31. Ethiopia shall soon stretch out her hands unto God.] This verse had its literal fulfilment under Solomon, when Egypt formed an alliance with that king by his marriage with Pharaoh’s daughter; and when the queen of Sheba came to Jerusalem to hear the wisdom of Solomon. But as this may be a prophetic declaration of the spread of Christianity, it was literally fulfilled after the resurrection of our Lord. There were Egyptians at Jerusalem on the day of Pentecost, who, St. Hilary tells us, on their return to their own country proclaimed what they had seen, and became in that country the ambassadors of Christ. The Ethiopian eunuch was one of the first among the Gentiles who received the Gospel. Thus princes or chief men came out of Egypt, and Ethiopia stretched out her hands to God. The words themselves refer to the sending ambassadors, and making alliances. The Hebrew is very emphatic: cush tarits yadiav lelohim; Cush will cause her hands to run out to God. She will, with great alacrity and delight, surrender her power and influence unto God. The Chaldee paraphrases well: “The sons of Cush will run, that they may spread out their hands in prayer before God.”
Fuente: Adam Clarke’s Commentary and Critical Notes on the Bible
Egypt, Ethiopia: he names only these, as the great and ancient enemies of God, and of his people, and as a most wicked, and idolatrous, and incorrigible sort of men; see Jer 13:23; Amo 9:7; but by them he synecdochically understands all other nations and people of the like character.
Stretch out her hands unto God; either in way of humble supplication and submission, begging mercy of him; or to offer up the presents expressed, Psa 68:29. But this prophecy, as also the next verse, evidently belongs to the times of the Messiah, when the Gentiles were tel be brought in to the knowledge and worship of the true God; with the thoughts and hopes whereof David oft comforteth himself in that confined and afflicted state of the church in his time.
Fuente: English Annotations on the Holy Bible by Matthew Poole
31. Princesor, literally,”fat ones,” the most eminent from the most wealthy, and themost distant nation, represent the universal subjection.
stretch out her handsor,”make to run her hands,” denoting haste.
Fuente: Jamieson, Fausset and Brown’s Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible
Princes shall come out of Egypt,…. The Vulgate Latin and all the Oriental versions render it “ambassadors”. This verse is a prophecy of the conversion of the Gentiles, under the names of Egypt and Ethiopia; which will be at the same time that the kings of the earth will become Christians, and antichrist will be destroyed. The Gospel is said to be preached in Egypt by Mark the Evangelist; and no doubt but there were conversions there in the first times of the Gospel; but there will be more in the latter day; see Ps 87:3. Unless we understand this of kings and princes, that shall leave the communion of the church of Rome, which is spiritually and mystically Egypt, and join themselves with the true churches of see
Re 11:8. The conversion of every sinner is a coming out of Egypt; it is a call of them out of darkness and bondage, worse than that of Egypt, into light and liberty, when they are set among princes, even the princes of Christ’s people;
Ethiopia shall soon stretch out her hands unto God; the Gospel is said to be preached in Ethiopia by the Evangelist Matthew, and also by Matthias, who succeeded Judas in the apostleship; by means of whose ministry there is reason to conclude some were converted: and we have an instance of a famous Ethiopian, that was converted and baptized by Philip, Ac 8:27; and who very likely carried the Gospel into this country, and spread it: so that this prophecy began to have its fulfilment then, but will have a greater hereafter; see, Ps 87:4. All men are like Ethiopians, even God’s elect, in a state of nature and unregeneracy: they are black with original sin and actual transgressions; and can no more remove this blackness than the Ethiopian can change his skin, Jer 13:23. They are, like them, idolaters, serving divers lusts and pleasures, the idols of their own hearts; are in a state of distance, afar off from God and Christ, and from his people, word, and ordinances; and are enemies in their minds by wicked works, yea, enmity itself, and stretch out their hands against God; but when they are called and converted, and made sensible of their state, then they stretch out their hands unto God, as a gesture of sorrow, Jer 4:31; expressing their sorrow for sin, as committed against God, and because of the evil that is in it; and look to Christ, and stretch out their hands to him, whom they have pierced, and mourn; and as a prayer gesture, Job 11:13. For, as soon as a man is converted, he prays and cries to God for pardoning grace and mercy, and to be cleansed from his sin, and to be openly received into his favour, and to enjoy communion with him; and as the gesture of a man in the utmost danger, who stretches out, his hand to lay hold on anything to save him; and so a sinner, sensible of its danger, and seeing Christ and salvation in him, it stretches out its hand, lays hold on him, and will have him and no other to be its Saviour, and receives his righteousness, and grace out of his fulness; and as the gesture of one that is conquered, resigning up himself into the victor’s hands, as a token of submission, peace, and reconciliation m; so sinners, in the day of Christ’s power upon them, are made willing to submit and give up themselves to him. In the Hebrew text it is, “shall make her hands to run unto God” n; that is, with an offering, gold or some treasure, to bring it unto God, as Aben Ezra, Kimchi, and Ben Melech, interpret it, which may very well be understood of the offering of themselves, as well as of the spiritual sacrifices of prayer and praise. The Targum is,
“the sons of Ham shall come, the great men out of Egypt, to be made proselytes; the children of Cush (or Ethiopia) shall run to stretch out their hands in prayer to God.”
Jarchi’s note is,
“and then when thou shalt destroy Esau (his posterity), and the King Messiah shall arise, they shall bring to thee gifts out of Ethiopia.”
And so he owns this to be a prophecy of the Messiah; and so it is applied to the times of the Messiahs and to the nations bringing gifts to him, in the Talmud o, and other Jewish writings p.
m Vid. Caesar. Comment. de Bello Gallic. l. 7. c. 48. “Oremus pacem et dextras tendamus inermes”. Virgil. Aeneid. 11. n “faciet currere”, Pagninus, Montanus, Gejerus, Michaelis. o T. Bab. Pesachim, fol. 118. 2. p Shemot Rabba, s. 35. fol. 136. 4.
Fuente: John Gill’s Exposition of the Entire Bible
31. Princes shall come out of Egypt. He resumes the strain of thanksgiving, and confirms what he had previously asserted, that kings would come and pay tribute unto God. The examples which he brings forward are those of the Egyptians and Ethiopians. This sufficiently proves that the prediction must be extended to Christ, by whom the Egyptians and Ethiopians were brought under the sway of God. The word תריף, tarits, translated, shall soon stretch out, might have been rendered, shall cause to run. (61) But it seemed necessary to soften the harshness of the figure. It is doubtful whether the allusion be to the promptness with which they should yield subjection, or whether he means that they would stretch out their hands to entreat pardon, this being an attitude common to suppliants. According to either interpretation, it is their submission which is intended, and it is enough to know that David asserts that Ethiopia and Egypt would come under the power of God, and not they only, but the most distant parts of the world.
(61) “The Hebrew is very emphatic: — ‘Cush will cause her hands to run out to God.’ She will with great alacrity and delight surrender her power and influence unto God.” — Dr Adam Clarke.
Fuente: Calvin’s Complete Commentary
(31) Princes.Or, magnates.
Ethiopia.Literally, Cush shall make to run his hands to God, an idiom easily intelligible, expressing hasty submission.
(3235) A noble doxology, worthy of the close of one of the finest Hebrew hymns.
Fuente: Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers (Old and New Testaments)
31. The language is henceforward only prophetic of the victories of Messiah, his majesty and glory, and the submission of the nations.
Egypt The first of the nations who oppressed Israel, shall adopt her faith and submit to Jehovah. Comp. Isa 19:18-22.
Ethiopia Hebrew, Cush, the dark skinned, which more commonly applies to Arabia, but in later times sometimes to Ethiopia proper.
Stretch out her hands unto God That is, pray to God, (for this was the form of prayer, Psa 44:20,) in evidence that she had cast off her idolatry. Psa 28:2
Fuente: Whedon’s Commentary on the Old and New Testaments
Psa 68:31. Princes shall come out of Egypt, &c. Rather, Let princes come;Let Ethiopia stretch, &c. The word chashmanniim, rendered princes, signifies a princely person, accompanied by a numerous attendance; Parkhurst thinks it signifies persons in great haste. By Ethiopia many understand the country properly so called, and I see no reason to depart from this sense: the country is put for the inhabitants of it. The words may be rendered Let Ethiopia exercise her hands, or accustom herself to lift them up to God; or teach and direct her hands towards God: and the meaning is, that God would so protect and defend Jerusalem, where the ark of the presence was now placed, as that the inhabitants of Egypt and Ethiopia, and all the enemies of his people, so far from regarding it with a hostile disposition, should reverence it as the habitation of God; send solemn embassies to it, with sacrifices in honour of him; with uplifted hands devoutly worship before his sanctuary, and to become the real patrons and protectors of it: but, doubtless, the passage has a much higher meaning, and refers also to the conversion of the Gentiles, and their submission to the kingdom of Christ.
Fuente: Commentary on the Holy Bible by Thomas Coke
Psa 68:31 Princes shall come out of Egypt; Ethiopia shall soon stretch out her hands unto God.
Ver. 31. Princes shall come out of Egypt ] The Gentiles shall one day be called, and caused Deum verum cognoscere et colere; even Egypt, that archenemy of the Church; and Ethiopia, the offspring of cursed Ham.
Ethiopia shall soon stretch out her hands to God
Fuente: John Trapp’s Complete Commentary (Old and New Testaments)
Ethiopia. Put by Figure of speech Metonymy (of Subject), for Ethiopians.
stretch out her hands. Put by Figure of speech Metonymy (of Adjunct), either for bringing presents, as in Psa 68:29, or for prayer, or for pledging loyalty with an oath.
Fuente: Companion Bible Notes, Appendices and Graphics
Princes: Psa 72:8-11, Isa 19:18-25, Isa 45:14, Isa 60:6, Isa 60:7, Isa 66:19
Ethiopia: Zep 3:10, Act 8:27-40
stretch: Psa 44:20, Psa 88:9, Psa 143:6, 1Ki 8:22
Reciprocal: 1Ch 16:29 – bring 2Ch 6:12 – spread forth 2Ch 30:8 – yield yourselves Job 11:13 – stretch Psa 29:1 – Give Psa 87:4 – this man Psa 102:15 – General Psa 148:11 – Kings Isa 49:7 – Kings Isa 49:23 – kings Isa 60:9 – thy sons Jer 16:19 – Gentiles Jer 38:7 – Ethiopian Hos 2:23 – Thou art my God Mic 4:3 – and rebuke Heb 7:25 – come
Fuente: The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge
Psa 68:31. Princes shall come out of Egypt The word , chashmannim, here rendered princes, is not found elsewhere in the Scriptures, and therefore its precise meaning is not certainly known. Elias, a Jewish rabbi, observes that the Jews call cardinals by this name in Italy: and the term is thought to signify a princely person accompanied by a numerous attendance. The Seventy render it , elders, senators, or ambassadors. It does not appear from Scripture, whether any of the great men of Egypt came up to worship the true God at Jerusalem, while the temple was standing, or not. But it is certain that, in after ages, a great number of the inhabitants of Egypt were Jews, whether it was that they were of Jewish original, and whose ancestors had betaken themselves thither, or whether they were originally Egyptians who had embraced the Jewish religion. The Prophet Isaiah foretold, that it should come to pass that five cities in the land of Egypt should speak the language of Canaan, and swear to the Lord of hosts, that is, worship him. Ethiopia shall soon stretch out her hands unto God Either in the way of humble supplication and submission, begging mercy of him, or to offer up the presents expressed Psa 68:29. He only mentions Egypt and Ethiopia, as having been the great and ancient enemies of God and of his church, and as a most wicked and idolatrous people; but by them he understands all other nations of a like character. And he here expresses his hope, that the victories which he and the Israelites should gain over the neighbouring nations would induce even those which were more remote, and most addicted to idolatry, to come to Jerusalem, and join themselves to the worshippers of the true God. And his hopes were so far realized, that when, through the instrumentality of David, the surrounding hostile powers were overthrown, and the church of Israel was fully established, the more distant nations, even those which had been most given to idolatry, sued for her friendship, and came to Jerusalem with gifts and oblations. Horne. But this prophecy, as also that contained in the next verse, evidently belongs to the times of the Messiah, when the Gentiles were to be brought to the knowledge and worship of the true God; with the thoughts and hopes whereof David often comforted himself in that confined and afflicted state of the church in his time.
Fuente: Joseph Bensons Commentary on the Old and New Testaments
68:31 Princes shall come out {b} of Egypt; Ethiopia shall soon stretch out her hands unto God.
(b) He prophecies that the Gentiles will come to the true knowledge and worship of God.