Exegetical and Hermeneutical Commentary of Proverbs 30:31
A greyhound; a he goat also; and a king, against whom [there is] no rising up.
31. A greyhound ] The Heb. word, which occurs nowhere else, and means literally, well-girt (or, well-knit) in the loins (R.V. marg.), has been variously rendered, war-horse, cock ( , LXX.; gallus succinctus lumbos, Vulg.), wrestler, Maurer. The R.V. retains greyhound in the text, with “or, war-horse,” in the margin.
against whom there is no rising up ] The rendering of R.V. marg., when his army is with him, accords better perhaps with the ruling idea of the quatrain, being “stately in march;” though the king on his royal progress, before whom all prostrate themselves, in outward token that “there is no rising up against him,” satisfies well the conditions.
Fuente: The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges
A greyhound – The Hebrew word occurs nowhere else in the Old Testament. The literal meaning is: one with loins girded; and some have referred this to the stripes of the zebra, others to the war-horse (compare Job 39:19, Job 39:25), as he is represented in the sculptures of Persepolis, with rich and stately trappings.
A king, against whom there is no rising up – i. e., A king irresistible. Others prefer, a king in the midst of his people, and the sense, as giving a more vivid picture, is certainly more satisfactory.
Fuente: Albert Barnes’ Notes on the Bible
A greyhound, called in Hebrew, girt in the lions; either because its loins are slender, and as it were girt up into a little compass, and tight or well trussed up: or because of its great agility and swiftness; for the girding of the loins was used for expedition in going or working. Or, as it is rendered by others a horse, to wit, a war-horse, having his armour girt about him, and marching to the battle, which he doth with great majesty and courage, as God himself observes at large, Job 39:19, &c.
An he-goat; which marcheth in the head of the flock in grave and stately manner, conducting them with great courage and resolution, and being ready to fight for them, either with beasts or men that oppose him; whence great captains are oft compared to he-goats, as Isa 14:9; Jer 1:8; Da 8:5,21; Zec 10:3.
A king, against whom there is no rising up; a mighty and victorious king, whose power none can withstand, who therefore goeth hither and thither, and proceedeth in his affairs with invincible courage and majesty. But this place, with the variation of one Hebrew point, reading ammo for immo, may be rendered, as a very learned man observes, a king, and his people with him; a king when he hath the hearts and hands of his people going along with him in his undertakings.
Fuente: English Annotations on the Holy Bible by Matthew Poole
A greyhound,…. So Gersom interprets the word; but Jarchi owns he does not know what is meant; and Aben Ezra only says, it is the name of a living creature, but does not say what; but observes, that some interpret it of the “bee”, and others of the “eagle”. The words of the original text only describe something “girt about the loins” o: and Kimchi p observes, that some say it is a hunting dog so called, because it is thin about the loins, as if it was bound and girt; and Aristotle q describes hunting dogs as well girded about their loins: but others, as Kimchi in the same place observes, interpret it of the leopard, which is small, and strong in its loins; and others of a bird called the starling; but he owns he cannot understand the meaning of its loins being girt: David de Pomis r interprets it of a cock; others, he says, interpret it a hunting dog; others, a leopard; and some, a species of an unclean bird; perhaps he means the starling, as before; and so the word is used for that bird in the Talmud s, and in the Arabic language t. Most likely the “horse” is meant; which is a very stately and majestic creature in its going, and is very comely when it has its harness girt on; and especially a war horse, with all its warlike accoutrements, when it proceeds to battle, and stalks on in it; this creature, one should think, could not be omitted among the four, which is described in so magnificent a manner in Job 39:19; and is called the goodly horse in the battle, Zec 10:3; unless a fine slender bodied race horse should be meant: the horse bids fairer than any other creature named to be what is designed. The third creature follows, which goes well, and is comely in going:
an he goat also; which with its long beard walks very gravely, and in a stately manner, before the flock; and the Septuagint, Syriac, and Arabic versions add, “going before the flock”; see Jer 50:8. This stately walk of the goat is very particularly taken notice of by, Aelian u; he observes, that the she goat disdains to be last in a flock of sheep, but declares by her walk that she ought to be first; he adds, that the he goat goes before the she goats, glorying in his beard; and, by a kind of wonderful instinct in nature, judges the male is to be preferred to the female w. Kings, rulers, and governors, are compared to this creature; as Alexander the great is in Da 8:5; see Zec 10:3; especially such resemble it who rule well, and set good examples to their subjects: and to such, ministers of the Gospel are like; who go before their flocks, guide and direct them, and are examples to them: and likewise all believers; who strive to go before others in good works, and who then are comely in their going. The fourth is,
and a king, against whom [there is] no rising up; no insurrection, no opposition; who is not to be resisted or withstood; a lawful king, in the lawful administration of government, who rules in the fear of God, and according to his word, and the good and wholesome laws of a nation, ought not to be resisted, Ro 13:1; and a powerful, successful, and victorious king cannot be resisted, withstood, and prevailed over; he drives all before him, and subdues all under him, as David, Cyrus, Alexander, and others. But to none can this better be applied than to Christ, the King of kings; against whom there is no rising, before whom none can stand, against whom the gates of hell can never prevail; who, even in his state of humiliation, conquered and subdued all his and our enemies; destroyed the tyrant, sin; spoiled Satan, and his principalities and powers; overcame the world; abolished death, the last enemy; and delivered his people out of the hands of all, and made them more than conquerors: and who went forth in the ministry of the Gospel, into the Gentile world, conquering and to conquer; bearing down all opposition before him, and subduing the people under him; and who, in the latter day, will engage with his antichristian enemies, the beast, false prophet, and kings of the earth, and shall overcome them, and clear the world of them. And this is King who is comely in his going; as he was in his goings of old from everlasting; when he drew nigh to his divine. Father, and became the surety of his people; and in his coming into this world, by the assumption of our nature, to save lost perishing sinners: and so he is in his spiritual visits to his saints; in his goings in the sanctuary, and walks he takes amidst the golden candlesticks, his churches; as he will be also when he comes a second time in the clouds of heaven: it will be a glorious appearing; he will come with all the saints, and be attended with his mighty angels; he will come in their glory, in his own, and in the glory of his Father; and will be comely in his going indeed it will be with great stateliness and majesty. The learned Dr. Pococke x, from the use of the word “alkum” in the Arabic language, renders the words thus, “and a king with whom the people is”; who agree together; the one rules well, and the other obey cheerfully; such a king walking with majesty is comely to his people, and terrible to his enemies. The Targum is,
“and a king, who stands and speaks in the house of his people.”
o “accinctus lumbis equus”, Junius Tremellius, Piscator, Cartwright, Glassius, Bochart, Buxtorf “infibulatus lumbos equus”, Schultens. p Sepher. Shorash. in voce . q De Physiognom. c. 6. r Lexic. fol. 28. 1. s T. Bab. Bava Kama, fol. 92. 2. t Golius, col. 1092. u De Animal. l. 7. c. 26. w “Dux pecoris hircus, duxerat hircus oves”, Tibullus, l. 2. Eleg. 1. v. 58. x Specimen. Arab. Hist. p. 203. So “kuma” is used for people in the Alcoran, Surat. Joseph. v. 9.
Fuente: John Gill’s Exposition of the Entire Bible
(31) A greyhound.It is very doubtful what animal is meant here as being girt [i.e., slender] in the loins. Several have been suggested, e.g., the horse, zebra, cock; but the rendering of the Authorised Version is as probable as any.
A king, against whom there is no rising up.Who marches with resistless force, trampling on his conquered foes. (Comp. the description of the march of the Assyrians, Isa. 37:24 sqq.; comp. also Isa. 63:1 sqq. and Joe. 2:2 sqq.) It has been proposed to translate these words also as a king with whom is [i.e., followed by] his people, in much the same sense.
Fuente: Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers (Old and New Testaments)
Pro 30:31. A greyhound, &c. Houbigant renders it, A cock who erects himself in his walking; a he-goat, who marches before the flock; a king, who goeth forth, his retinue attending. See his note.
Fuente: Commentary on the Holy Bible by Thomas Coke
greyhound: or, horse, Heb. girt in the lions
against: Pro 16:14, Pro 20:2, Dan 3:15-18
Reciprocal: 1Ki 21:7 – Dost thou now Ecc 8:3 – for Ecc 8:4 – the word Jer 50:8 – he goats