Exegetical and Hermeneutical Commentary of Exodus 12:45
A foreigner and a hired servant shall not eat thereof.
45. The settler ( tshb) and hired servant are not to eat of it. The technical distinction between the tshb and the gr ( v. 48) is not altogether clear. To judge from the etymology, the tshb was a foreigner, more permanently ‘settled’ in Israel than an ordinary gr, and also perhaps (Lev 22:10; Lev 25:6) more definitely attached to a particular family (LXX. usually ), but, like the gr, without civil rights, and dependent for his position on the good-will of his patronus (cf. Gen 23:4, Lev 25:23, Psa 39:12, 1Ch 29:15): the word also occurs Lev 25:35; Lev 25:40; Lev 25:45; Lev 25:47 (twice), Num 35:15. RV. ‘sojourner,’ except Lev 25:6; Lev 25:45 ‘stranger.’ See further Bertholet, Die Stellung der Isr. zu den Fremden (1896), p. 157 ff. (cf. 172 f.), B. p. 107, EB. iv. 4818. The ‘hired servant’ is associated, as here, in Lev 22:10; Lev 25:6; Lev 25:40, with the tshb, and in Lev 22:10 with the gr as well, as having both similar disqualifications, and (Exo 25:39 f.) similar rights; evidently he is to be thought of as a foreigner (cf. Lev 25:6 ‘that sojourn with thee’), whose rights are limited, and who is hired by his master, for fixed wages, for a longer or a shorter time. Why the same permission is not given to the ‘settler’ as to the ‘sojourner’ ( v. 48) to partake of the Passover, if he is circumcised, is not apparent; perhaps (cf. Bertholet, 159) he is included in v. 48 in the more general term gr (cf. LevExo 25:6 end).
Fuente: The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges
A foreigner – or sojourner: one who resides in a country, not having a permanent home, nor being attached to an Israelitish household.
Fuente: Albert Barnes’ Notes on the Bible
Verse 45. A foreigner] toshab, from yashab, to sit down or dwell; one who is a mere sojourner, for the purpose of traffic, merchandise, c., but who is neither a proselyte of the gate nor of the covenant.
And a hired servant] Who, though he be bought with money, or has indented himself for a certain term to serve a Jew, yet has not become either a proselyte of the gate or of the covenant. None of these shall eat of it, because not circumcised – not brought under the bond of the covenant and not being under obligation to observe the Mosaic law, had no right to its privileges and blessings. Even under the Gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ, he is the author of eternal salvation only to them who OBEY him, Heb 5:9; and those who become Christians are chosen to salvation through SANCTIFICATION of the Spirit, and belief of the truth, 2Th 2:13; for the grace of God, that bringeth salvation to all men, hath appeared, teaching us that, DENYING UNGODLINESS and WORLDLY LUSTS we should live SOBERLY, RIGHTEOUSLY, and GODLY, in this present world; Tit 2:11-12. Such persons only walk worthy of the vocation wherewith they are called.
Fuente: Adam Clarke’s Commentary and Critical Notes on the Bible
Except he submit to circumcision, as Exo 12:43. See Num 9:14.
Fuente: English Annotations on the Holy Bible by Matthew Poole
A foreigner and an hired servant shall not eat thereof. One of another nation, and one that was only hired by the day, week, or year; as they were not obliged to circumcision, so without it they had no right to eat of the passover, none but such as became proselytes of righteousness.
Fuente: John Gill’s Exposition of the Entire Bible
(45) An hired servant.It is assumed that the hired servant will be a foreigner; otherwise, of course, he would participate.
Fuente: Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers (Old and New Testaments)
Happy those that are as Paul hath described, Eph 2:20 .
Fuente: Hawker’s Poor Man’s Commentary (Old and New Testaments)
Exo 12:45 A foreigner and an hired servant shall not eat thereof.
Ver. 45. A foreigner. ] Unless a proselyte.
Fuente: John Trapp’s Complete Commentary (Old and New Testaments)
Lev 22:10, Eph 2:12
Fuente: The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge
Exo 12:45; Exo 12:48. A hired servant Unless he submit to be circumcised. All the congregation of Israel must keep it Though it was observed in families apart, yet it is looked upon as the act of the whole congregation. And so the New Testament passover, the Lords supper, ought not to be neglected by any that are capable of celebrating it. No stranger that was uncircumcised might eat of it. Neither may any now approach the Lords supper who have not first submitted to baptism; nor shall any partake of the benefit of Christs sacrifice, who are not first circumcised in heart. Any stranger that was circumcised might eat of the passover, even servants. Here is an indication of favour to the poor Gentiles, that the stranger, if circumcised, stands upon the same level with the home-born Israelite; one law for both. This was a mortification to the Jews, and taught them that it was their dedication to God, not their descent from Abraham, that entitled them to their privileges.