Exegetical and Hermeneutical Commentary of Jeremiah 1:18
For, behold, I have made thee this day a defensed city, and an iron pillar, and brazen walls against the whole land, against the kings of Judah, against the princes thereof, against the priests thereof, and against the people of the land.
18. a defenced city, and an iron pillar; and brasen walls ] Jeremiah was to be fortified by divine strength against the attacks which he would have to confront throughout his prophetic life. The assaults would be severe, and hence the force of the figures under which he is described. Jeremiah would need a pre-eminent degree of strength. Cp. Eze 3:9. The words “and an iron pillar” are probably to be omitted (with LXX), as inconsistent with the idea of a siege. If we retain them, we may explain the sentence as expressing in the strongest manner what is impregnable and cannot be overthrown.
against the kings of judah ] Josiah, Jehoahaz, Jehoiakim, Jehoiachin, Zedekiah.
Fuente: The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges
Metaphorically the walls and fortifications of the city represent the prophets power of patiently enduring the attacks of his enemies; while the iron pillar, supporting the whole weight of the roof Jdg 16:29; 1Ki 7:21), signifies that no trials or sufferings would crush his steadfast will.
Fuente: Albert Barnes’ Notes on the Bible
Jer 1:18
I have made thee this day a defenced city, etc.
A sure stronghold is God
Though thou shalt be exposed to persecutions and various indignities, they shall not prevail against thee. To their attacks thou shalt be as an impregnable city; as unshaken as an iron pillar; and as imperishable as a wall of brass. None, therefore, can have less cause to apprehend danger than thou hast. The issue, in Jeremiahs case, proved the truth of this promise; he outlived all their insults; and saw Jerusalem destroyed, and his enemies, and the enemies of the Lord, carried into captivity. (Adam Clark.)
Fuente: Biblical Illustrator Edited by Joseph S. Exell
Verse 18. I have made thee this day a defenced city, and an iron pillar, and, brazen walls] Though thou shalt be exposed to persecutions and various indignities, they shall not prevail against thee. To their attacks thou shalt be as an impregnable city; as unshaken as an iron pillar; and as imperishable as a wall of brass. None, therefore, can have less cause to apprehend danger than thou hast. The issue proved the truth of this promise: he outlived all their insults; and saw Jerusalem destroyed, and his enemies, and the enemies of his Lord, carried into captivity. Instead of chomoth, walls, many MSS. and editions read chomath, a wall, which corresponds with the singular nouns preceding.
Fuente: Adam Clarke’s Commentary and Critical Notes on the Bible
For, behold; Heb. For I, lo: q.d. For my part, I will not fail to do what I have promised, to stand by thee.
A defenced city, Heb. city of defence, impregnable, which the two following expressions do import; it should be supported with pillars, not of wood, but of iron, and encompassed with walls, not of stone, but of brass, noting hereby both great uprightness and also strength.
Against the whole land, i.e. all its inhabitants in general, none to be spared, as he doth particularly rank them in their several degrees in the following words, intimating hereby, that though men of all degrees should set themselves against him, yet God would support him against them all, and that he would carry him through his work, though his troubles and trials would be not only great, but long, viz. passing through several kings reigns, therefore possibly said kings here, in the plural.
Fuente: English Annotations on the Holy Bible by Matthew Poole
18. defenced city, c.that is,I will give thee strength which no power of thine enemies shallovercome (Jer 6:27 Jer 15:20;Isa 50:7; Isa 54:17;Luk 21:15; Act 6:10).
wallsplural, toexpress the abundant strength to be given him. DEROSSI’S’S manuscripts readsingular, “wall.”
people of the landthegeneral masses, as distinguished from the princes and priests.
Fuente: Jamieson, Fausset and Brown’s Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible
For, behold, I have made thee this day a defenced city,…. Or, “as” one; so read the Targum, Septuagint, Syriac, and Arabic versions; which is inexpungible, and cannot be taken:
and an iron pillar; which cannot be removed out of its place:
and brasen walls; which cannot be broken down. All these metaphors show the safety and security of the prophet, being surrounded by the power of God; his constancy, immovableness, and invincibleness in the work of the Lord, having such a spirit of power, fortitude, and of a sound mind, that nothing was able to move and shake him, or to deter him from the execution of his office; and that he should stand inflexible
against the whole land; of Judea, and all the inhabitants of it:
against the kings of Judah; in successive reigns, as Jehoahaz, Jehoiakim, Jehoiachin, or Jechonias, and Zedekiah:
against the princes thereof; who desired he might be put to death,
Jer 38:4:
against the priests thereof; who all of them dealt falsely, and were given to covetousness, Jer 8:10:
and against the people of the land; who were grievously addicted to idolatry, and all manner of wickedness.
Fuente: John Gill’s Exposition of the Entire Bible
God supplies here his servant with confidence; for courage was necessary in that state of trembling which we have observed. Jeremiah thought himself unfit to undertake a work so onerous; he had also to do and to contend with refractory men, and not a few in number; for the whole people had already, through their ungodly and wicked obstinacy, hardened themselves in the contempt of God. As, then, there was no more any care for religion, and no regard manifested by the people for heavenly truth, Jeremiah could not, diffident as he was, undertake so heavy a burden, without being supported by the hand of God. For this reason, then, God now declares that he would make him like a fortified city and an iron pillar (25) Indeed, the word prop would be more proper; for עמור omud, comes from the root עמד, om e d; and the Prophet understands by it, not a pillar that is raised and stands by itself, but that which sustains a building or a wall. There is no ambiguity in the meaning; for God means that his servant would be invincible, and that whatever his enemies might devise against him, they would not yet prevail, as we find it said in the next verse.
Now, though this was said formerly to Jeremiah, yet godly teachers may justly apply it to themselves, who are honestly conscious of their Divine call, and are fully persuaded that they do nothing presumptuously, but obey the bidding of God. All, then, who are thus confirmed in their legitimate call from God, can apply to themselves this promise — that they shall be made invincible against all the ungodly.
But the particulars of this passage deserve to be noticed. It might have seemed enough that God called his servant a fortified city; but he compares him also to an iron pillar or column, and to a brazen wall This repetition only confirms what we have explained, — that Jeremiah would be victorious, and that though Satan might rouse many to assail him, yet the issue would be prosperous and joyful, as he would fight under the protection of God.
It is at the same time added, Over the whole land God doubtless speaks not of the whole world, but of the land of Judah; for Jeremiah was chosen for this purpose, — that he might bestow his labor on the chosen people. It is then said that he would be a conqueror of the whole of Judea. It then follows, against the kings of Judah We know, indeed, that there was only one king in Judea; but God encourages his Prophet to be firm and persevering, as though he had said, that the course of his warfare would be long; and he said this, that he might not faint through weariness. The meaning then is, that the Prophet would not have to contend with one king only, but that as soon as one died, another would rise and oppose him; so that he was to know that there would be no hope of rest until that time had passed which God himself had appointed. We indeed know that those who are sincerely disposed to obey, do yet look for some definite period, when, like soldiers who have served their time, they may obtain a discharge; but God declares here to his Prophet, that when he had strenuously contended to the death of one king, his condition would be nothing better; for others would succeed, with whom he would have to fight, as the same wickedness and obstinacy would be still continued. To kings, he adds princes and priests; and, lastly, the whole people
When a king forgets his office and rules tyrannically, it often happens that there are moderators who check his passions, when they cannot wholly restrain them: we indeed see, that the most cruel tyrants are sometimes softened by good counselors. But God here reminds his Prophet that the state of things in Judea would be so desperate, that ungodly and wicked kings would have counselors endued with the same disposition. When priests are added, it might seem still more monstrous; but the Scripture everywhere testifies, that the Levitical priests had almost all degenerated and become apostates, so that hardly one in a hundred shewed the least sign of religion. Since, then, that order had become thus corrupt, it is no wonder that Jeremiah had to declare war against the priests; and we shall hereafter see that this was done. Now the common people might have seemed to be excusable, as there was greater simplicity among them than among the higher orders; (for they who are elevated above others transgress through pride or cruelty, and often allow themselves too much liberty, relying on their own eminence; but the common people, as I have said, seemed apparently to have more modesty;) but God here declares that impiety had so greatly prevailed in Judea, that all, from the least to the greatest, were become perversely wicked. It was, therefore, necessary, as I have before stated, that the Prophet should be fully armed; for what could he have thought, had he not in time been warned, on finding afterwards such insolence, yea, such fury in high and low, as to constrain him to contend with God’s chosen people no otherwise than with devils? It afterwards follows —
(25) There is the preposition ל before “city,” “pillar,” and “wall.” It is an idiom. The full meaning is, “I have made thee to be for a fortified city.” The same idiom exists in Welsh, the preposition (lang. cy) yn is used, which implies that the verb to be is understood. But it is not necessary to retain the preposition in a language in which a similar idiom does not exist. The Septuagint render the preposition by “ ὡς — as,” and Jun and Trem , by “ velut — as,” or like. And such a word would be suitable in our language, —
And I, behold I have made thee this day Like a city that is fortified, And like a pillar of iron, And like a wall of brass, With regard to the whole land, To the kings of Judah, to its princes, To its priests, and to the people of the land.
“
To” here means in opposition to-he was to stand opposed to the kings, etc., as a fortified city, etc. “Wall” is plural in the received text; but many MSS., the Septuagint, the Syriac, the Targum, and the Vulgate, have it in the singular number, which seems most suitable. — Ed.
Fuente: Calvin’s Complete Commentary
(18) I have made thee . . . a defenced city . . .Images of strength are heaped one upon another. The prophet is represented as attacked by kings, princes, priests, and people, as the cities of Judah are by the invading armies. But the issue is different. They fall: he will hold out. The iron pillar is that which, rising in the centre of an Eastern house or temple (as, e.g., in Jdg. 16:25; 1Ki. 7:21), supports the flat roof, and enables it to be used as a terrace or platform on which men may meet. The brasen walls probably refer to the practice of fastening plates of copper over the brick or stonework of a fortification.
Fuente: Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers (Old and New Testaments)
Jer 1:18 For, behold, I have made thee this day a defenced city, and an iron pillar, and brasen walls against the whole land, against the kings of Judah, against the princes thereof, against the priests thereof, and against the people of the land.
Ver. 18. For, behold, I have made thee this day a defenced city, ] i.e., Impregnable, inexpugnable, the bulwark of truth, a as one said of Basil, such as could not be battered. And of Ambrose Stilico the earl said, that he was the walls of Italy. Peter and John are called pillars; Gal 2:9 Athanasius the Church’s champion,
“ Ille velut pelagi rupes immota resistis. ” – Virg.
Against the kings of Judah, against the princes, &c. ] There was a general defection of all sorts; and Jeremiah was to declaim against them all, and proclaim their utter destruction in case they repented not. Well might Luther say, for he had the sad experience of it, Praedicare nihil aliud est quam totius mundi furorem in se derivare, To preach is nothing else but to derive upon a man’s self the rage of all the world. He met with some even at Wittenberg, where he lived, who were so wicked and uncounsellable, that the four elements could not endure them. b So did good Jeremiah, &c.
a .
b Ut iam quatuor elementa ferre nequeant.
Fuente: John Trapp’s Complete Commentary (Old and New Testaments)
made thee = give thee [as].
brasen walls. Some codices, with two early printed editions (one in margin), Targum, Aramaean, Septuagint, Syriac, and Vulgate, read “a wall of bronze” (singular)
against. Note the Figure of speech Anaphora, by which “against” is repeated seven times, in order to emphasize the fact that as man’s thoughts and ways are the opposite of Jehovah’s (Isa 55:8), it is impossible for a prophet who is Jehovah’s spokesman to be other than “against” man. See App-49.
the kings of Judah. See Jer 36.
the princes. See Jeremiah 37 and Jeremiah 38.
the priests. See Jeremiah 20 and Jeremiah 26.
the People. See Jer 34:19; Jer 37:2; Jer 44:21; Jer 52:6.
Fuente: Companion Bible Notes, Appendices and Graphics
I have: Jer 6:27, Jer 15:20, Isa 50:7, Eze 3:8, Eze 3:9, Mic 3:8, Mic 3:9, Joh 1:42
against: Jer 21:4-14, Jer 22:1-30, Jer 26:12-15, Jer 34:3, Jer 34:20-22, Jer 36:27-32, Jer 37:7, Jer 38:2, Jer 38:18, Jer 42:22
Reciprocal: Exo 36:36 – General 2Ki 3:14 – I would not look Psa 31:21 – strong city Ecc 9:1 – that the Isa 49:2 – made me Jer 1:7 – for thou shalt Jer 15:10 – a man Jer 15:12 – Shall iron Jer 15:18 – as a Jer 20:7 – deceived Jer 26:24 – that Hos 6:5 – have I Zec 10:4 – of him came forth Mat 10:26 – Fear Luk 1:28 – the Lord Act 6:10 – able Act 18:10 – I am 1Ti 3:15 – the pillar Rev 3:12 – pillar
Fuente: The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge
Jer 1:18. The pronoun thee stands for Jeremiah and the passage is a figurative assurance to him that he will be able to withstand the attacks of the enemy. As a defenced city, iron pillar and brasen walls would provide a condition of security in literal things, so Jeremiah was to be just that secure against the would-be thrusts of those wicked Jews. The itemizing of kings, princes, priests and people would indicate that the prophet was to be set against all classes in the nation, for all had departed from the Lord. However, while all classes as a whole had departed from the Lord, we will bear in mind that a few exceptions existed among them such as our prophet Jeremiah and other men like him in character.
Fuente: Combined Bible Commentary
Jer 1:18-19. For I have made thee this day a defenced city That is, from this day I will so defend thee that they shall be no more able to hurt thee than they would be if thou wast in a strongly-fortified and impregnable city. And brazen walls Which cannot be broken or battered down with any force. Against the whole land, against the kings, &c. All its inhabitants in general; intimating that, though men of all degrees should set themselves against him, yet God would support him against them all, and would carry him through his work, although his troubles would not only be great, but long, extended through several kings reigns. And they shall fight against thee Shall oppose thee, and manifest much hostile hatred against thee; but they shall not prevail They shall not be able, by all their devices, to shorten thy days, or to prevent thy executing the charge given thee. For I am with thee, to deliver thee I will show my power in protecting and delivering thee out of all thy troubles, when thy adversaries shall become a prey to their enemies.
Fuente: Joseph Bensons Commentary on the Old and New Testaments
1:18 For, behold, I have made thee this day a fortified city, and an {r} iron pillar, and brasen walls against the whole land, against the kings of Judah, against her princes, against her priests, and against the people of the land.
(r) Signifying on the one hand that the more that Satan and the world rage against God’s ministers, the more present will he be to help them, Jos 1:5, Heb 13:5 and on the other hand, that they are utterly unfit to serve God in his Church, who are afraid and do not resist wickedness, whatever danger depend on it, Isa 50:7, Eze 3:8 .
Fuente: Geneva Bible Notes
The Lord promised that none of the people of Judah-the kings, the princes, the priests, or the ordinary citizens-would be able to destroy Jeremiah. He would make Jeremiah as impregnable as a fortress, as irresistible as a fortified city, as strong as an iron pillar, and as resistant to attack as a bronze wall. [Note: Thompson, p. 157.] Jeremiah would not be popular in his day. His greatness was "not his fame, but his faithfulness." [Note: Fred M. Wood, Fire in My Bones, p. 24.]